Download - 1 Konsep Sistem
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Konsep Sistemp
Teknik Industri
Dr. Eng. Muhammad Rusman, ST. MT
Pendahuluan
Pengertian Sistem Pengenalan masalah sistem Perilaku sistem Konsep sistem
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Effectiveness Vs Efficiency
EfficiencyInput or resources to produce the maximum level Input or resources to produce the maximum level of output
Producing given level of output with the minimum amount of inputs or resources
Technical effecinecymaximizes the ratio of distance traveled to fuel comsumption
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Economic effecincymaximizing the difference between revenues and total cost
Effectiveness Vs Efficiency
Effectiveness Looks at how well the goals or objectives
of the entity or activity are achieved
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System
Solar system Sosial system Political system Telephone system Number system
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Information system Legal system
Definition of the system
A system is an organized assembly of tcomponent
A system is any set (group) of interdependent or temporally interacting part
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Pengertian Sistem
System: a Collection of element or t th t i t t t components that interact to
accomplish goals. Composed of:
Inputs Processing mechanisms
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Processing mechanismsOutputs Feedback / Assessment
Pengertian sistem adalah kumpulan b k li b k it d obyek yang saling berkaitan dan
saling bergantung secara tetap (reguler) untuk mencapai tujuan bersama dalam suatu lingkungan yang kompleks. (togar 1995)
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Contoh
Planet yang kita tempati Solar systemK l t t t S i l S t Keluarga, tetangga, teman Social System
Telephone system Number system Information system Central Nervous system
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y Atom system neutron, electron, proton
A system is s section of reality that is the primary focus on a study and is the primary focus on a study and is composed of components that interact with another according to certain rules within a boundary identified by the purpose of the study.
A system can perform a function not
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A system can perform a function not performable by it individual components.
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Definisi Sistem :
Out-there and Inside of Us View of system Kalau kita mendefinisikan Solar system Kalau kita mendefinisikan Solar system
kemungkinan akan sama dengan menyebut matahari dengan 9 planetnya, bumi sebagai tempat mahluk hidup, dan bagaimana hubungan planet planet dan matahari dengan gaya grafitasinya. Tetapi definisi akan tidak sama dengan definisi orang lain mengenai Power system dan computer information system
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system dan computer information system. So, different people may define the same
system in different way depend on what the person viewing something as a system.
System as a Human ConceptualizationHuman observer that may view something
as a system.Orang berjalan pantai, berenang di laut,
mahasiswa biologi mempelajari biota laut, engineer bekerja membuat kapal l t diff t i
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laut different view
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I choose to define a system as follows:
A system is an organized assembly of components. 'Organized' means that there exist special relationships between the componentsbetween the components.
The system does something, i.e., it exhibits a type of behavior unique to the system.
Each component contributes towards the behavior of the system and is affected by being in the system. No component has an independent effect on the system. The behavior of the system is changed if any component is removed or leaves
Groups of components within the system may by themselves have properties (1), (2), and (3), i.e., they may form subsystems
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subsystems. The system has an outside - an environment - which provides
inputs into the system and receives outputs from the system. The system has been identified by someone as of special
interest
Contoh Kasus A Saw Mill
An industrial EngineeringProduction System Physical components of the operationy p p Storage spaces, raw materials, types finished product The purpose for studying this system could be to determine
good physical layouts for the equipment and storage areas, or good product handling and equipment operating procedures.
Hence, abstract outputs are such things as the maximum processing capacity, the location of bottlenecks, and the fraction of time various machines are idle all with respect
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fraction of time various machines are idle, all with respect to a given combination of inputs, both physical and abstract.
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The Owners a system for getting a financial return on their investmentfinancial return on their investment Financial consequences of all activities
going on in firm. A management Scientist Satisfy
costumer demand at the lowest possible cost
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possible costMinimum cost operation to meet certain
customer orders
Different kind of systems Discrete system
The state of the system jumps through sequence of discrete state Telphone system Telphone system
Continues System System changes continuously
Vehicles move along the road Deterministic system
Behavior of the system is predictable every detail Stochastic system
Affected by random number Closed System
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Closed System Does not receive any things from the environment, nor does it
give out anything to its environment, no inputs and output No interaction with any environment
Open system
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Systems theory distinguishes between th t f t l three types of controls: open loop controls, closed loop controls, and Feed-forward controls.
Negative and Positive Feedback loops
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g p
Open loop controls
Open loop controls are inputs imposed on the system based only on the on the system based only on the prediction of how the system behavior responds to them.
No account is taken of how the system actually responds to the control inputs. O l t l ft i th
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Open loop controls are often in the form of a recipe or a set of rules to follow.
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Closed loop controls,
Under this type of control. information b t th t b h i P ibl i about the system behavior. Possibly in
response to previous control inputs, is feedback to the controller for evaluation. This may lead the controller to adjust the control signals.
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Positive Feedback
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"The more people there are, the more births there will be; the more births there are, the more people there will be."
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Negative Feedback
More people move into a town, the number of jobs available is affected: The larger the number of
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available is affected: The larger the number of people moving into an area, the smaller the number of job openings available. As the jobs are taken, fewer people are attracted to the town.
Symbolization of the concept system
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Inner-System Boundary-Outer (Environment)
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Subsystem
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A partial collection of the elements of the system
System: Mental Model
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Multi Disciplinary Approach for A Multi-Aspect Problem
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Multi Disciplinary Approach for A Multi-Aspect Problem
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An Interdisciplinary Approach for A Multi-Aspect Problem
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TUGAS
Buat Deskripsi tentang sebuah sistem : (T li k !)(Tuliskan!)
Lihat Contoh Tugas 1
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Referensi
System and decision Making; A t i h management science approach;
Hans, Daellenbach, John Willey&Saon,1994
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