021 gic cement

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GICGIC

Operative Department

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OverviewOverview

GIC

Composition

Properties

Manipulation

Types

Available

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GlassIonomerCementGlassIonomerCement

Consistofpowderor liquid, water is mixedConsistofpowderor liquid, water is mixed

to produce a plastic massthatto produce a plastic massthat

subsequently setsto a rigid solidsubsequently setsto a rigid solid

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InventorInventor

Glass inomerfirst described by Wilson andGlass inomerfirst described by Wilson and

Kent in 1971Kent in 1971

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mainfeaturemainfeature

Minimal cavity preparation asthey bondMinimal cavity preparation asthey bond

adhesively totoothstructure.adhesively totoothstructure.

Release offluoride from the glassRelease offluoride from the glass

componentofthe cement.componentofthe cement.

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Synonyms:Synonyms:

Poly (alkenoate cement)Poly (alkenoate cement)

GIC glass inomer cementGIC glass inomer cement

ASPA (aluminoSilicate)Poly Acrylic AcidASPA (aluminoSilicate)Poly Acrylic Acid

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Application:Application:--

Anterior aesthetic restorative material forAnterior aesthetic restorative material for

classIII cavities.classIII cavities.

For eroded areas and classFor eroded areas and class VV restorations.restorations.As luting agentAs luting agent

As liners and bases.As liners and bases.

For core build up.For core build up.To a limited extent as pit and fissureTo a limited extent as pit and fissure

sealants.sealants.

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Classification:Classification:--

Type IType I For lutingFor luting

Type IIType II For restorationFor restoration

Type IIIType III Liners and basesLiners and basesType IVType IV Fissure SealantsFissure Sealants

Type VType V Or thodontic cementOrthodontic cement

Type VIType VI Core build upCore build up

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AvailableAvailable

Powderor liquid in bottlesPowderor liquid in bottles

Pre proportional powderor liquid inPre proportional powderor liquid in

capsulescapsulesLight cure systemLight cure system

Powderor distilled water (watersettablePowderor distilled water (watersettable

typetype

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Composition:Composition:

PowderPowder

Fluro aluminosilicate glassFluro aluminosilicate glass

SilicaSilica (SiO2)(SiO2) 41.941.9

AluminaAlumina (Al2O3)(Al2O3) 28.628.6Aluminum fluorideAluminum fluoride 1.61.6

Calcium fluorideCalcium fluoride 15.715.7

Sodium fluorideSodium fluoride 9.39.3

Aluminum PhosphateAluminum Phosphate 3.83.8

Fluoride component acts as a Ceramic flux lanthanumFluoride component acts as a Ceramic flux lanthanumstrontium, barim or Zinc oxide addition providesstrontium, barim or Zinc oxide addition providesrediopacity.rediopacity.

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Composition:Composition:

Liquid:Liquid:

Aqueoussolutionofpoly acrylic acid orAqueoussolutionofpoly acrylic acid or

Poly acrylic acid inthe form ofcopolymersPoly acrylic acid inthe form ofcopolymerswith itaconic acid, Maleic acid.with itaconic acid, Maleic acid.

Tartaric acid insome productsto controlTartaric acid insome productsto control

setting characteristics and increasedsetting characteristics and increasedworking time.working time.

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Setting ReactionSetting Reaction

Acid Base ReactionsAcid Base Reactions

Three overlapping stages involved.Three overlapping stages involved.

DissolutionDissolutionGelationGelation

HardeningHardening

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Setting ReactionSetting Reaction

Whenthe powder and liquid mix togetherWhenthe powder and liquid mix togetherion are released from the glassthe rateion are released from the glassthe rateat whichsalt matrix isformed. Calciumat whichsalt matrix isformed. Calcium

ion are more rapidly released thantheion are more rapidly released thanthealuminum ions, probably inthe form ofaluminum ions, probably inthe form ofcomplexes. Calcium poly salts cross linkcomplexes. Calcium poly salts cross linkthe poly anion chain causing hardeningthe poly anion chain causing hardeningofthe material. Over long period furtherofthe material. Over long period furtherhardening occurs as more ion bind tothehardening occurs as more ion bind tothepoly alkenote chain.poly alkenote chain.

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Setting timeSetting time

Type IType I 44--5 min5 min

Type II 7 minType II 7 min

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PropertiesProperties

Effectson the Pulp:Effectson the Pulp:

Thishas been reported to cause someThishas been reported to cause someinflammatory response, which resolves with ininflammatory response, which resolves with inmonth.month.

The cementhas little effectonthe gingivalThe cementhas little effectonthe gingivaltissue.tissue.

Some luting cementhave reported to cause postSome luting cementhave reported to cause postoperative sensitivity. This appearsto be worseoperative sensitivity. This appearsto be worse

forthinner mixesofcement.forthinner mixesofcement.Anticariogenic properties resultfrom the releaseAnticariogenic properties resultfrom the release

offluoride by these cements.offluoride by these cements.

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AdhesionAdhesion

Material adhere to enamul and dentine andMaterial adhere to enamul and dentine andbase metal casting alloys.base metal casting alloys.

Ithas been established that chemical bondingIthas been established that chemical bondingoccur betweenGIC and tooth enamel andoccur betweenGIC and tooth enamel anddentine. The exact mechanism isnotfullydentine. The exact mechanism isnotfullyunderstood. The bonding is due to reactionunderstood. The bonding is due to reactionbetweenthe carboxyl groupsofthe polyacidsbetweenthe carboxyl groupsofthe polyacids

and the calcium inthe enamel and dentine.and the calcium inthe enamel and dentine.The bond to enamel is alwayshigherthanthattoThe bond to enamel is alwayshigherthanthatto

dentine, probably due tothe greater inorganicdentine, probably due tothe greater inorganiccontentofenamel.contentofenamel.

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Manipulation:Manipulation:

Conditioning ofthe toothsurfaceConditioning ofthe toothsurface

Proper manipulationProper manipulation

Protectionofcement during settingProtectionofcement during settingFinishing + Fine diamond + polishingFinishing + Fine diamond + polishing

abrasive disc again inthe presence ofabrasive disc again inthe presence of

water.water.

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Metal ModifiedGIC:Metal ModifiedGIC:

were introduced to improvewere introduced to improve

the strength,the strength,

resistance to wear. To reduce fractureresistance to wear. To reduce fracturetoughnesstoughness

maintainthe potential for adhesion andmaintainthe potential for adhesion and

antianti--cariogenic property.cariogenic property.

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methodsmethods

Silver alloy admixed. Spherical amalgamSilver alloy admixed. Spherical amalgam

alloy powder is mixed withtype IIGICalloy powder is mixed withtype IIGIC

Powder (Miracle Mix)Powder (Miracle Mix)

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Cement:Cement:

Silver particles are bonded to glassSilver particles are bonded to glass

particles. This is done by sintering ofaparticles. This is done by sintering ofa

mixture ofthe two powders at a highmixture ofthe two powders at a high

temperature (ketac silver)temperature (ketac silver)

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Uses:Uses:

Restorationsofsmall classI cavities asRestorationsofsmall classI cavities as

an alternative to amalgam or compositean alternative to amalgam or composite

resins. They are particularly useful inresins. They are particularly useful in

young patients who are prone to caries.young patients who are prone to caries.

For core build up ofgrossly destructedFor core build up ofgrossly destructed

teeth.teeth.

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The strengthofeithertype ofmetal modifiedThe strengthofeithertype ofmetal modified

cement 150 Mpa isnot greatly improved overcement 150 Mpa isnot greatly improved over

thatofconventional cement.thatofconventional cement.

The fracture toughnessofGIC, whetherThe fracture toughnessofGIC, whethermodified ornot is extremely low as comparedmodified ornot is extremely low as compared

to composite resin and amalgam.to composite resin and amalgam.

It isfar more resistantto wearthantype IIGIC.It isfar more resistantto wearthantype IIGIC.

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Anticrogienic property:Anticrogienic property:

Both metal modified GIChaveBoth metal modified GIChave

anticarogenic capability due to leaching ofanticarogenic capability due to leaching of

fluoride.fluoride.

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Esthetics:Esthetics:

These materials are grey in colourThese materials are grey in colour

because ofmetallic phases with inthem,because ofmetallic phases with inthem,

therefore they are unsuitable for use intherefore they are unsuitable for use in

anteriorteethanteriorteeth

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Glass ionomer resin combinationGlass ionomer resin combination

materialsmaterials

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Various NamesVarious Names

Compomer, Resin inomer, RMGI,Compomer, Resin inomer, RMGI,

Resin modified Glass ionomer,Resin modified Glass ionomer,

light cure Glass inomer cement,light cure Glass inomer cement,Dual care GIC.Dual care GIC.

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Classification:Classification:

Resin modified glass inomer cement e.g.Resin modified glass inomer cement e.g.

Fuji II L.C Vitamer, Photax fil.Fuji II L.C Vitamer, Photax fil.

PolyacidP

olyacid ModifiedModifiedcomposite.composite.

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Advantages:Advantages:

Ability to bond dentine and brandedAbility to bond dentine and branded

Fluoride released.Fluoride released.

Prolonged working time and rapid set.Prolonged working time and rapid set.

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Uses:Uses:--

RestorationsofClassRestorationsofClassII, IIIor, IIIor VV cavitiescavities

Base and linerBase and liner

Adhesive orthodontic bandsAdhesive orthodontic bandsRepairofamalgam core ofcuspsRepairofamalgam core ofcusps

Retrograde rootfillingRetrograde rootfilling

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Supplied asSupplied as

Powder contains:Powder contains:

Ion leachable glasses (Silica abumina)Ion leachable glasses (Silica abumina)

Photoinitiatorsor chemical initiatoror both.Photoinitiatorsor chemical initiatoror both.

Polymerzable resin.Polymerzable resin.

Liquid contain:Liquid contain:--

Polyacrylic acid waterPolyacrylic acid water

Methacrylate monomerMethacrylate monomer

Hydroxyethyl methacrylate monomerHydroxyethyl methacrylate monomer

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Manipulation:Manipulation:--

RMGI is mixed and applied afterRMGI is mixed and applied after

conditioning the tooth with poly acrylic acidconditioning the tooth with poly acrylic acid

10 + 0 25% poly acid modified composite10 + 0 25% poly acid modified composite

is placed after phosphoric acid etching,is placed after phosphoric acid etching,

bond agent application and light cured.bond agent application and light cured.

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Strength, compressive strengthslightlyStrength, compressive strengthslightly

lower 105 Mpa, because ofplastic naturelower 105 Mpa, because ofplastic nature

ofthe resin component.ofthe resin component.

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Hardness:Hardness:--

Hardness is comparable to conventional GIC.Hardness is comparable to conventional GIC.

Adhesion:Adhesion:

Bonding mechanism totoothstructure issimilarBonding mechanism totoothstructure issimilar

tothatofconventional GIC. Micro mechanicaltothatofconventional GIC. Micro mechanical

retention also plays rule in bonding process.retention also plays rule in bonding process.

These materials bond betterto composite resinThese materials bond betterto composite resinthanto conventional GIC.thanto conventional GIC.

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Micro leakage:Micro leakage:--

Greater amountofmicro leakage whenGreater amountofmicro leakage when

compared toGIC. They may be partly duecompared toGIC. They may be partly due

tothe polymerizationshrinkage and partlytothe polymerizationshrinkage and partly

due tothe reduced wetting ofthe tooth bydue tothe reduced wetting ofthe tooth by

the cement.the cement.

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Anticargenic:Anticargenic:--

Significant anticariogenic affect becauseSignificant anticariogenic affect because

offluoride releaseoffluoride release

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021 gic cement

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