01.perancangan sistem transportasi vertikal dalam gedung

PEMILIHAN SISTEM LIFT TRANSPORTASI VERTIKAL DALAM GEDUNG

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Konfigurasi kelompok liftdalam satu sistem :- Single rise (zona)

- Multi rise (zona)- Ulang-alik (shuttle service), dengan transit floor

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PERANCANGAN SISTEM TRANSPORTASI VERTIKAL dalam GEDUNG


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Tata letak dalam bangunanhubungannya dengan :- Selasar (koridor)- Balai tunggu (lobby)- Fungsi-fungsi lantai

PerhitunganJumlah unit, kapasitas, dan kecepatan lift (merujuk kriteria yang ditetapkan dalam SNI)

PERANCANGAN SISTEM TRANSPORTASI VERTIKAL dalam GEDUNG


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ABSTRACT

Banyak pertimbangan yang harus diperhitungkan jika kita hendak merencanakan jenis lift yang tepat (optimal) untuk suatu gedung.

Paling sederhana dengan membandingkan gedung-gedung kiri-kanan yang ada. Ternyata sukses gedung yang sifatnya sama tidak harus memiliki jenis sirkulasi orang (traffic) yang sama.

Budaya, lokasi bangunan, dan fungsi bangunan itu sendiri, adalah juga merupakan faktor dan asumsi yang harus dipertimbangkan dalam perhitungan pemilihan.

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ABSTRACT

Pemilihan sistem lift harus memenuhi 2 kriteria sekaligus yaitu batas maksimum interval (waktu tunggu rata-rata di lobi) dan daya angkut secara kelompok dalam selang tempo 5 menit harus lebih besar dari kebutuhan penghuni bangunan saat sirkulasi puncak (peak traffic demand).

Oleh karena itu perhitungan dilakukan secara “coba-ulang” (trial and error method) beberapa kali sampai memperoleh kombinasi yang efisien dan ekonomis.


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REFERENCES

Silahkan Saudara-Saudara membaca buku-buku berikut ini:1. The Guide to Elevatoring, oleh : Elevator World

Educational Division.2. SNI 03-6573-2001

Tata cara perencanaan sistem transportasi vertikal lift dalam gedung.

3. Transportasi Vertikal,Tata Letak dan Pemilihan Sistem Lift, oleh Ir. Sarwono Kusasi. Yayasan Badan Penerbit P.U.

4. Transportasi Vertikal, oleh George R. Strakosch. Penerbit : John Wiley and Sons, New York.ISBN 0-471-86733-0.


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BASIC PHILOSOPHY

How to handle traffics in a high rise building

efficiently at acceptable and

reasonable cost


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SUPPLY and DEMAND

a.Number of Unitsb.Capacity (kg)c.Speed (m/m)

a.Function of Buildingb.Peak traffic demand

(persons/5minutes)c.Avg-Waiting time

(in second)


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FUNCTION OF BUILDINGS and TRAFFIC PATERN

No. Function Peak Traffic Demand

1. Office buildingsSingle purpose bldMulti purpose bld

morning up peakafternoon down peak

2. Hotels Hospitals

balance up and down(most of the time)

3. Apartments morning down peak (balance, rest of the time)

4. School buildingsmorning up peak (balance, rest of the time)


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POTENTIAL TRAFFIC(excluding grd floor as a terminal)

(1) OFFICE BUILDINGSa. Commercial : 10 m2/Pb. Prestige : 12 m2/Pc. Institutional : 8 m2/P e.g (a) 1200 m2 net rentable are / floor P.T = 1200 / 10 = 120 persons / floor

(2) 1. HOTEL a. 1st class hotel : 90% no. of rooms x 1.7 b. medium and low class : no. of rooms x 1.7 e.g : (a) 400 rooms. P.T = 0.9 x 400 x 1.7 = 612 persons 2. HOSPITAL High rise hospital bld : 90% x rooms x 3.5

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(3) APARTMENTS a. Luxurious : 90% no. of units x 3.5 b. Medium : 90% no. of units x 4.0 c. Low cost : 90% no. of units x 5.0

e.g (a) no.of units = 100P.T = 0.9 x 100 x 4 = 360 persons

(4) SCHOOL BUILDINGS no. of class x 25 persons e.g : 10 class rooms P.T = 10 x 25 = 250 persons

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(5) DEPT. STORE 75% P.T handled by ESCALATORS 25% P.T handled by ELEVATORS P.T = 2.5 m2 sales area per persons

e.g total sales area = 4000 m2

P.T to be handled by ESCALATORS = 1200 persons P.T to be handled by ELEVATORS = 400 persons



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NUMBER OF UNITS & GROUPING

One unit : Simplex operation, serves 7 floors

Two units: Duplex operation, serve 16 floors

3 8 unit : Group operation, serve > 16 floors (micro processor base control)

Multi rise (zone) : 10 floors / rise


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CAR AREA & CAPACITY

1 person = 68 kg (average)1 person = 0.16 m2

Capacity = 680 kg = 10 persons

1.6 m2 net area of car + 1.4 m (W) x 1.2 m (D)

W = + 1.2 D

W = width D = depth


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CAR AREA & CAPACITY

C = 680 kg (10 persons)A = Car net area = 1.4 m x 1.2 m) = 1.68 m2

CWT CWT RAILS

CAR 1.4m WIDTH CAR RAILS 1.2m DEPTH

CAR DOOR

SUGGESTED DEPTH = + 80% of WIDTH


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SPEED SELECTION

1. Low Rise Building 45 m/m - 105 m/m(up to 13 floors)

2. Medium Low Building 105 m/m - 150 m/m(up to 25 floors)

3. Medium High Building 150 m/m - 240 m/m(up to 35 floors)

4. High Rise Building 240 m/m - 360 m/m(up to 55 floors)

5. Super High Building 420 m/m - 660 m/m(above 55 floors)


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SPEED SELECTIONOFFICE BUILDINGS

Super High Rise

High RiseMedium High Rise

Medium Low Rise

Low Rise

floors

speed0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

55

60

120-150m/m

180-210m/m

240-300m/m

300-420m/m

420-540m/m


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SPEED SELECTIONAPARTMENT BUILDINGS

Low Rise

Medium Low Rise

floors

speed0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

22

30-60m/m 60-90m/m 90-105m/m 90-120m/m


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SPEED SELECTIONHOSPITAL BUILDINGS

Low Rise

Medium Low Rise

floors

speed0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

30-60m/m 60-105m/m 105-150m/m 150-180m/m


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GROUP OPERATION

Number of units of office buildings

BASIC RULE / RULE of THUMB

Medium Rise3000 m2/unit lift or 200 persons/unit lift or3 floor served/unit lift

High Rise3800 m2/unit lift or 250 persons/unit lift or4 floor/lift


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GROUP OPERATION

BASIC RULE / RULE of THUMB1. Maximum no.of Floor served = 15 for each rise

Best no.of floor served = 102. Ground floor as terminal of travel (= main lobby)3. OFFICE BUILDING:

Every 3 unit passenger lifts need add 1-unit service liftHOTEL / HOSPITAL: Every 2 unit passenger lifts need add 1-unit service lift.

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GROUP OPERATION

BASIC RULE / RULE of THUMB4. Single Rise-Building

maximum = 16 floors5. Multi Rise-Building = 10 floors / rise

2 riser 20 floor bld, max 30 floor 3 riser 30 floor bld, max 40 floor 4 riser 40 floor bld, maximum

6. Sky lobby for high rise building, starting from 40 floors


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TWO RISE & FOUR RISE

main lobby, upper

10th

20th

30th

40th

Two rise Four rise

Low Rise

Middle Low

Middle High

High Rise


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SUPER HIGH RISE BUILDINGUp to 60 floors

main lobby, upper lower

sky lobby, upper lower

10th

20th

30th

40th

Shuttle ServiceDouble Deck Elevator

50th

60th

Esc

Esc


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SUPER HIGH RISE BUILDINGUp to 120 floors

main lobby, upper lower

2nd sky lobby, upper lower

20th

40th

60th

80th

1st Shuttle ServiceDouble Deck Elevator

2nd Shuttle ServiceDouble Deck Elevator

1st sky lobby, upper lower

120th

100th

Esc

Esc


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ILUSTRATION

Building occupancy (population)

P.T = Potential Traffic, 10 story office Bld(11 Floor, including Ground floor)

80 P/floor = 80 x 10 = 800 P

TD = Traffic Demand = 12.5% x 800 P = 100 P/5 min


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ILUSTRATION

Handling Capacity = 5 minutes period = 300 sec

UHC = Car loading x 300 (persons / 5 min)RTT

GHC = n x UHC

RTT = Round trip time (in seconds)= Sum up of 1) up running time

2) down running time3) total door time + 10%4) total dwell time + 10%


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ILUSTRATION

Car loading = 80% x capacity of car

e.g C = 1150 kg (17 P)

Car loading = 80% x 17 P = 13 Persons


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INDIVIDUAL UNIT LIFT

1. Unit Handling Capacity

UHC = Loading x 300 (persons / 5 min)

RTT 2. Group Handling Capacity

GHC = n x UHC (persons / 5 min) n = number unit lift required to handle trafficGHC > Peak traffic demand


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INDIVIDUAL UNIT LIFT

Two criteria shall be fulfilled:

First criterion:GHC > Peak Traffic Demand

Second criterion:Avg. Waiting Time (interval) AWT < RTT / n


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CRITERIA

Building FunctionPeak Traffic Demand(presentage of PT)

(per 5 minutes)

PassengerAV. Waiting Time

(Seconds)

1. Officea. Single purposeb. Multi purpose

14 – 16%10 – 13%

30 – 4025 – 35

2. a. Business Hotel/ Hospitalb. Resort Hotel

8 – 10%

6 – 8%

40 – 60

60 – 90

3. APARTMENT a. Luxurious b. Standard

8%6%

60 – 8080 – 90


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TRAFFIC DEMAND

time

% potential traffic

AM noon PM

Up peak

Down peak

Up TrafficDown Traffic

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8


TRAFFIC DEMAND

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SPEED vs CAPACITY / LOAD

Low Rise

Medium Rise

High Rise and Super High Rise

Service lift

kg

m/m

LOAD

0

60

120

180

240

300

360

420

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000


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SPEED vs CAPACITY / LOADAPARTMENT, HOSPITAL, FREIGHT LIFT

ApartmentHospital

Low dutyfreight

kg

m/m

Medium dutyfreight

High dutyfreight

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

0 150 300 450 600 750 900 1050 1200 1350 1500 1650 1800 1950 2100 2250 2400

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Harap baca ulang :SNI 03-6573-2001

TATA CARA PERANCANGAN SISTEMTRANSPORTASI VERTIKAL

DALAM GEDUNG

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01.perancangan sistem transportasi vertikal dalam gedung

Engineering