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TRANSCRIPT
Presented by: KOBI – http://programkobi.com/ Source: Ms. Fi [Headmistress]
BANK SOAL
KOBI
KELAS ONLINE BAHASA INGGRIS
ANGKATAN III, IV, DAN V
KATEGORI: REGULAR – PREMIUM
MORE: www.programkobi.com
Pembuat Soal: Nofriani, S.S.T [Kepala Sekolah KOBI] dan tutors KOBI
Penyusun ebook ini: Fitriani Juwita [Alumni KOBI V]
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DAFTAR ISI
DAFTAR ISI ................................................................................................................. 2
SIMPLE, COMPOUND, COMPLEX SENTENCES ............................................. 5
SOAL ........................................................................................................................ 5
JAWABAN ............................................................................................................... 7
PARTS OF SPEECH ................................................................................................. 10
SOAL ...................................................................................................................... 10
JAWABAN ............................................................................................................. 12
WORD ORDER ........................................................................................................ 19
SOAL ...................................................................................................................... 19
JAWABAN ............................................................................................................. 20
DERIVATIVES ........................................................................................................... 22
SOAL ...................................................................................................................... 22
JAWABAN ............................................................................................................. 22
ARTICLE ..................................................................................................................... 23
SOAL ...................................................................................................................... 23
JAWABAN ............................................................................................................. 24
TENSES ...................................................................................................................... 27
SOAL ...................................................................................................................... 27
JAWABAN ............................................................................................................. 32
CONCORD ................................................................................................................ 40
SOAL ...................................................................................................................... 40
JAWABAN ............................................................................................................. 41
DEGREE OF COMPARISON................................................................................. 45
SOAL ...................................................................................................................... 45
JAWABAN ............................................................................................................. 45
RELATIVE PRONOUNS ......................................................................................... 48
SOAL ...................................................................................................................... 48
JAWABAN ............................................................................................................. 48
CONDITIONAL SENTENCES ............................................................................... 50
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SOAL ...................................................................................................................... 50
JAWABAN ............................................................................................................. 51
SUBJUNCTIVES ....................................................................................................... 54
SOAL ...................................................................................................................... 54
JAWABAN ............................................................................................................. 54
CAUSATIVE VERBS................................................................................................. 57
SOAL ...................................................................................................................... 57
JAWABAN ............................................................................................................. 57
PASSIVE VOICE ....................................................................................................... 59
SOAL ...................................................................................................................... 59
JAWABAN ............................................................................................................. 60
DIRECT-INDIRECT SPEECH ................................................................................. 62
SOAL ...................................................................................................................... 62
JAWABAN ............................................................................................................. 63
TAG QUESTION ...................................................................................................... 66
SOAL ...................................................................................................................... 66
JAWABAN ............................................................................................................. 66
ELLIPTICAL CONSTRUCTION ............................................................................. 68
SOAL ...................................................................................................................... 68
JAWABAN ............................................................................................................. 69
GERUND .................................................................................................................... 72
SOAL ...................................................................................................................... 72
JAWABAN ............................................................................................................. 72
SOAL ...................................................................................................................... 73
JAWABAN ............................................................................................................. 73
PREFERENCE ............................................................................................................ 75
SOAL ...................................................................................................................... 75
JAWABAN ............................................................................................................. 76
PARTICIPLES ............................................................................................................ 78
SOAL ...................................................................................................................... 78
JAWABAN ............................................................................................................. 78
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MODALS ................................................................................................................... 79
SOAL ...................................................................................................................... 79
JAWABAN ............................................................................................................. 79
EXPRESSION ............................................................................................................ 80
SOAL ...................................................................................................................... 80
JAWABAN ............................................................................................................. 80
BRITISH VS AMERICAN ........................................................................................ 81
SOAL ...................................................................................................................... 81
JAWABAN ............................................................................................................. 81
OTHER COOL STUFF ............................................................................................. 82
SOAL ...................................................................................................................... 82
JAWABAN ............................................................................................................. 85
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SIMPLE, COMPOUND, COMPLEX
SENTENCES
SOAL
1. Buatlah complex/compound sentence menggunakan kalimat-
kalimat berikut. Beri keterangan apakah itu kalimat complex/
compound.
a. Brain cells die at the rate of 100,000 per day by age 6. Brain
cells are not replaced like other body cells.
b. All I did as a student was studying. I don’t know how to cook
now.
c. I hate chocolate. I hate chocolate milk
d. Jessy studied for her chemistry test. Linda went shopping with
her friends.
e. Thick haze is caused by forest fires engulfes Sumatra and
Kalimantan. Tens of thousands people are suffered from acute
respiratory infections.
f. Course textbooks cost a great deal of money. They are
necessary to pass a class with good grade.
2. Tentukan kalimat di bawah ini termasuk kalimat simple,
compound atau complex, kemudian carilah nouns/pronouns dan
verbs yang terdapat pada kalimat tersebut.
a. Kara and Liza walked hand in hand and told their stories all
the way to school.
b. I went to the library with Tiara and Diana but John decided to
stay at home doing nothing.
c. We must go now, or we will miss our plane.
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d. My professor studied the problem and solved it in a few
minutes.
e. When your brother wakes up, tell him to shower, eat his
breakfast and wait for me to get him.
3. Write complex sentences using these words: Hint: You might need
some additional words of your own. And that’s okay.
a. Thirsty, really, water, glass.
b. Broken, heart, go, beach, relax, mind.
c. Spend, a lot, money, still, rich.
d. Girl, Still, 23, a lot, achievements.
4. Write complex sentences using these words: Hint: You might need
some additional words of your own. And that’s okay.
a. You, come, want (to), leave, now
b. Mum, cook, dad, policeman
c. Rain, cats and dogs, late
d. Study, hard, she, keep, fail.
5. Buatlah complex/compound sentence menggunakan kalimat-
kalimat berikut. Beri keterangan apakah yang kalian tulis adalah
kalimat complex/ compound.
a. Human beings are the most intelligent creatures. Most
human beings don’t know how to behave themselves.
b. I was an autodidact in learning English. Now I know how to
teach English professionally.
c. I admire him. I read every news about him.
d. Bees are not normally dangerous insects, but some caused
considerable damage in South Africa.
e. Maria felt really proud and happy when she heard her
daughter called her ‘mom’ for the first time.
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JAWABAN
1. Jawaban
a. Brain cells die at the rate of 100,000 per day by age 60 and
they are not replaced like other body cells. (Compound)
b. Because all I did as a student was studying, I don’t know how
to cook now. (Complex)
All I did as a student was studying; I don’t know how to cook
now. (Compound)
c. I hate chocolate milk because I hate chocolate. (Complex)
Because I hate chocolate, I hate chocolate milk.
d. Jessy studied for her chemistry test and/but Linda went
shopping with her friends. (Compound)
Possible conjunction: while.
e. Possible sentences:
Thick haze is caused by forest fires engulfes Sumatra and
Kalimantan; tens of thousands people are suffered from
acute respiratory infections. (Compound)
Tens of thousands people are suffered from acute
respiratory infections because thick haze that is caused
by forest fires engulfes Sumatra and Kalimantan.
(Complex)
f. Possible sentences:
Although course textbooks cost a great deal of money,
they are necessary to pass a class with good grade.
(Complex)
Course textbooks cost a great deal of money but they are
necessary to pass a class with good grade. (Compound)
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2. Tentukan kalimat di bawah ini termasuk kalimat simple,
compound atau complex, kemudian carilah nouns/pronouns dan
verbs yang terdapat pada kalimat tersebut.
a. Kara and Liza walked hand in hand and told their stories all
the way to school.
Simple Sentence
Noun/pronoun : Kara, Liza, hand, stories, way, school
Verb : walked, told
b. I went to the library with Tiara and Diana but John decided to
stay at home doing nothing.
Compound sentence
Noun/pronoun : I, library, Tiara, Diana, John, home
Verb : went, decided, stay, doing
c. We must go now, or we will miss our plane.
Compound sentence
d. Noun/pronoun : we, plane
Verb : go, miss
e. My professor studied the problem and solved it in a few
minutes.
Simple sentence
Noun/pronoun : professor, problem, minutes
Verb : studied, solved
f. When your brother wakes up, tell him to shower, eat his
breakfast and wait for me to get him.
Complex sentence
Noun/pronoun : brother, breakfast
Verb : wakes up, shower, eat, wait, get
3. Complex sentences containing these words:
a. Thirsty, really, water, glass.
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Because I was really thirsty, I drank a glass of water.
b. Broken, heart, go, beach, relax, mind.
If my heart is broken, I go to the beach to relax my mind.
c. Spend, a lot, money, still, rich.
Although she spends a lot of money, she’s still so rich.
d. Girl, Still, 23, a lot, achievements.
That girl is still 23, but she’s made a lot of achievements.
4. Compound sentences containing these words:
a. You, come, want (to), leave, now
You have just come, and you want to leave now?
b. Mum, cook, dad, policeman
My mum is a cook, and my dad is a policeman
c. Rain, cats and dogs, late
It was raining cats and dogs, so we’re late.
d. Study, hard, she, keep, fail.
She studied very hard, but she kept failing.
5.
a. Human beings are the most intelligent creatures, but most of
them don’t know how to behave themselves. (Compound
Sentence)
b. Because I was an autodidact in learning English, now I know
how to teach English professionally. (Complex)
c. I was an autodidact in learning English; now I know how to
teach English professionally. (Compound)
d. I admire him, and I read every news about him. (Compound)
e. Because I admire him, I read every news about him.
(Complex)
f. Compound sentence.
Bees are not normally dangerous insects.
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Some caused considerable damage in South Africa.
g. Complex sentence.
Maria felt really proud and happy
When she heard her daughter called her ‘mom’ for the
first time.
PARTS OF SPEECH
SOAL
1. Perbaiki kalimat berikut jika ditemukan kesalahan, dan jelaskan:
a. Either Jake or Jack are pronounced jāk
b. I love every book but this one
c. Before get up, your brain tells you to do so
d. She’s just so good in English
e. For it rained, I couldn’t make it in time
f. Neither my mum or dad will come here to see me
g. They should be here by half an hour
h. She felt asleep
i. I hate my self
j. I have many foods
k. This is trully amazing
l. A giraffe can run very fastly
m. I had no choice but to flee
n. After go up, you will always go down
o. I’m good at English
p. The bell will ring by five minutes
q. You need to be able to love your self
r. I am very powerfull
s. I have studied very hardly to be better at Math
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t. Mathematic and Physic were my favourite subjects at high
school.
u. Tell your friends that they really need to take care of
theirself..
v. I was born on November the eightieth.
2. Susun kalimat dengan menggunakan kata-kata berikut:
a. I, saw, thief, steal, your box
b. I, interest, your book, because, seem, bore
c. Did, you, listen, her, speak, English, ?
3. Temukan kesalahan dalam kalimat berikut:
a. A pocket computer is generally enough small to fit into a
pocket or small case.
b. When lighting strikes an unprotected building, the electric
charge can cause considering damage.
c. In 1780, Italian scientis Luigi Galvani mistaken concluded that
frog’s legs contain electricity.
d. The temperature must be reduced of 4000 Fahrenheit.
4. My big brother can run _____.
a. Really quickly
b. Really fast
c. Really fastly
d. Really quick
5. Either rabbits or deer always ______.
a. Shows up in every fairy tales
b. Shows up in every fairy tale
c. Show up in every fairy tale
d. Show up in every fairy tales
6. Tulislah ‘part of speech’ dari kata-kata pada kalimat berikut.
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a. The pretty lady took a cup of tea and slowly sipped it while
sitting lazily in front of the TV.
b. My brother and I go to the town library every Sunday to read
our favourite fictions.
7. Tentukan perbedaan dari ungkapan di bawah ini.
a. You have to pay attention to the contents of the book.
You have to pay attention to the content of the book.
b. He’s worked hard all of his life.
He’s hardly worked all of his life.
c. I’m not going to Europe, because of you.
I’m not going to Europe because of you.
d. You’ve done all of this for me.
You’ve done all of this to me.
e. I submit my weekly assignment in time for the revision.
I submit my weekly assignment on time.
JAWABAN
1. Jawaban:
a. Either Jake or Jack is pronounced jā k
Either-or artinya hanya salah satunya benar (tidak dua-
duanya), sehingga digunakan to-be tunggal. (Jika bukan jake
yang diucapkan jā k, jack yang diucapkan jā k. Tapi tidak dua-
duanya)
b. Sudah benar
But juga bisa menyatakan except.
c. Before getting up …
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Jika before atau after langsung diikuti kata kerja, kata
kerjanya harus berbentuk v-ing. Tapi jika diikuti subjek+kata
kerja, kata kerjanya tidak perlu berbentuk v-ing. Contohnya:
Before you get up, your brain tells you to do so
d. She’s just so good at English
Jika menggambarkan kapasitas skill, kita gunakan at.
Gunakan in jika menyatakan lokasi. Contohnya:
She is very good at golf. She is always the best in the field.
e. Sudah benar
For juga berarti karena (because)
f. Neither my mum nor dad …
Dalam fungsinya sebagai conjunction, either harus
dipasangkan dengan nor, sedangkan either dengan or.
g. They should be here in half an hour
Jika menyatakan rentang waktu, gunakan in. Jika menyatakan
batas waktu, gunakan by. Contoh:
I must submit my assignments by Monday
h. Sudah benar
She fell asleep
Felt adalah kata kerja kedua dari feel.
i. I hate myself
Penulisan reflexive pronoun harus selalu disambung.
j. Sudah benar
I have much food: Saya punya banyak makanan
I have many foods: Saya punya berbagai macam makanan
(misalnya ada ayam goreng, nasi uduk, dll).
k. This is truly amazing
Penulisan truly harus dengan satu huruf –l.
l. A giraffe can run very fast
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Fast adalah penggunaan adverb yang tidak menambahkan –
ly pada adjective-nya (fast). Hal ini adalah pengecualian
dalam Bahasa Inggris.
m. Sudah benar
But juga bisa menyatakan except. Kalimat pada soal sama
dengan I had no choice except to flee (aku tidak punya
pilihan selain melarikan diri).
n. After going up,, you will always go down
Jika before atau after langsung diikuti kata kerja, kata
kerjanya harus berbentuk v-ing. Tapi jika diikuti subjek+kata
kerja, kata kerjanya tidak perlu berbentuk v-ing. Contohnya:
After you go up, you will always go down
o. Sudah benar
Jika menggambarkan kapasitas skill, kita gunakan at.
Gunakan in jika menyatakan lokasi. Contohnya:
She is very good at golf. She is always the best in the
field. Catatan: I’m good with English artinya
“Hubunganku dengan Mr. English baik-baik saja.”
p. The bell will ring in five minutes
Jika menyatakan rentang waktu, gunakan in. Jika menyatakan
batas waktu, gunakan by. Contoh:
I must submit my assignments by Monday
q. You need to be able to love yourself
Penulisan reflexive pronoun harus selalu disambung, seperti
yourself dan myself.
r. I am very powerful
Powerful adalah penulisan yang benar.
s. I have studied very hard to better at Math
15
Khusus untuk hard, jika ditambahkan –ly, artinya bukan
“dengan keras”, melainkan “jarang.”
t. Mathematics and Physics were my favourite subjects at high
school.
Nama-nama mata pelajaran seperti Mathematics, Physics,
Statistics memang harus diberi ‘s’ di belakangnya, namun
tetap dianggap singular.
u. Sudah benar
Tell your friends that they really need to take care of
themselves.
Reflexive pronoun dari they adalah themselves, bukan
theirself.
v. I was born on November the eighth atau eighteenth. [Tidak
ada tanggal 80 November, hehe]
2. Susunan Kata
a. I saw a thief stealing from your box
b. I am not interested in your book, because it seems boring
c. Did you listen to her speaking English?
3. Perbaiki Kata
b. … is generally small enough …
Susunan kata yang benar adalah adjective + enough
c. … considerable damage.
Adjective considerable digunakan sebagai pengganti gerund
considering.
d. … mistakenly…
Adverb digunakan untuk menambah keterangan kata sifat.
Penulisan adverb yang benar adalah dengan penambahan –
ly.
e. The temperature must be reduced by 4000 Fahrenheit.
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4. C. Show up in every fairy tale
Penambahan s/es pada bentuk either ___ or ___ bergantung pada
kata kerja setelah or. Pada soal ini adalah deer. Deer bisa berupa
jamak, bisa juga tunggal (tidak mengalami penambahan s/es).
Every selalu diikuti bentuk tunggal (tale).
5. B. Really fast
Fastly tidak digunakan dalam bahasa Inggris. Quickly digunakan
untuk menyatakan kecepatan kejadian dapat terjadi, fast
digunakan untuk menyatakan kecepatan kejadian yang terjadi.
Contohnya:
6.
a. Part of Speech
The : article
Pretty : adjective
Lady : noun
Took : verb
A cup of : adjective
Tea : noun
And : connector
Slowly : adverb
Sipped : verb
It : pronoun
While : connector
Sitting : verb
Lazily : adverb
In front of : preposition
The : article
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TV. : noun
b. My : pronoun
Brother : noun
And : connector
I : pronoun
Go : verb
To : preposition
The : article
Town : adjective
Library : noun
Every Sunday : adverb
To : preposition
Read : verb
Our : pronoun
Favourite : adjective
Fictions. : noun
7. Tentukan perbedaan dari ungkapan di bawah ini
a.
You have to pay attention to the contents of the book.
Contents adalah daftar isi, jadi yang harus diperhatikan
adalah daftar isi bukunya.
You have to pay attention to the content of the book.
Content adalah muatan/isi, jadi yang harus diperhatikan
adalah muatan/isi buku secara keseluruhan.
b.
He’s worked hard all of his life.
Dia telah bekerja dengan keras sepanjang hidupnya.
(alias pekerja keras)
He’s hardly worked all of his life.
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Dia jarang-jarang bekerja sepanjang hidupnya. (alias
pemalas)
c.
I’m not going to Europe, because of you.
Aku tidak akan pergi ke Eropa, aku masih di Indonesia,
dan aku lakukan itu karena kamu.
I’m not going to Europe because of you.
Aku akan pergi ke Eropa bukan karena kamu. Aku pergi
kesana karena alasan lain.
d.
You’ve done all of this for me.
Kamu melakukan semua ini untukku. (Nadanya positif:
senang, bangga, takjub)
You’ve done all of this to me.
Kamu melakukan semua ini padaku. (Nadanya negatif:
marah, menyalahkan)
e.
I submit my weekly assignment in time for the revision.
In time: just at or before the deadline.
Aku menyerahkan tugas tepat waktu untuk revisi
(sebelum waktu revisi habis).
I submit my weekly assignment on time.
On time: right at the schedule.
Aku menyerahkan tugas tepat waktu, sebelum deadline
yang ditentukan.
Walaupun, generally, in time and on time are generally
interchangeable.
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WORD ORDER
SOAL
1. Susun kalimat berikut dengan baik:
a. Do – a – you – dog – have
b. Not – play – at – they – the – do – weekends – tennis
c. I – boat – sailing – blue – a – beautiful – own
d. She – only – exciting – Japanese – brands – sells - new
e. Restaurant – sells – also – the – small – serving – bowls –
Japanese
f. Do – me – know – you
g. To – guy – is – me – handsome – the – dad – my - most
h. Will – new – a – I – black – bag – sleeping – get
i. Bought – a – antique – watch – my – glowing – mother –
Italian
j. has - My - cute - and - white - family - three - rabbits - black
k. box - put - velvet - I - in - ring - a - square - red - the - small
l. seven - Sogo - having - tomorrow - dinner - We - at -
Restaurant - are – at
2. Susunlah kata-kata berikut menjadi kalimat yang baik.
a. reckless - charged - He - with - was - endangerment, - and -
signal - police - disregarding - driving - from - a - careless –
officer. - a
b. beautiful - a - on - Mother – store. - shiny - table - small -
second - Indonesian - bought - hand - wooden - a - online
3. Choose the correct use of word order:
a. A lovely tiny green round locket really caught my eye
b. A lovely round tiny green locket really caught my eye
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c. A lovely green round tiny locket really caught my eye
d. A lovely tiny round green locket really caught my eye
JAWABAN
1. Urutan yang benar
a. Do you have a dog
b. They do not play tennis at the weekends
c. I own a beautiful blue sailing boat
i. Observations, Color, Qualifier
d. She sells only exciting new Japanese brands
ii. Observations, Age, Origin
e. The restaurant also sells small Japanese serving bowls
iii. Size, Origin, Qualifier
f. Do you know me
g. My dad is the most handsome guy to me
h. I will get a new black sleeping bag
iv. Age, Color, Qualifier
i. My mother bought a glowing antique Italian watch
v. Observations, Age, Origin
j. My family has three cute black and white rabbits.
Atau:
vi. My family has three cute white and black rabbits.
2. Susunlah kata-kata berikut menjadi kalimat yang baik.
a. He was charged with reckless endangerment, careless driving
and disregarding a signal from a police officer.
b. Mother bought a beautiful small shiny Indonesian wooden
table on a second-hand online store.
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3. Susunan white and black atau black and white tidak menjadi
masalah.
a. I put the ring in a small square red velvet box.
b. We are having dinner at Sogo Restaurant tomorrow at seven.
4. D. A lovely tiny round green locket really caught my eye
Urutan word order yang benar:
Determiner a
Observations lovely
Size tiny
Shape round
Age
Colour green
Origin
Material
Qualifier
The noun locket
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DERIVATIVES
SOAL
1. Perbaikilah kalimat-kalimat di bawah ini.
a. You should courage Gina to go back to college and finish her
degree.
b. It’s really a honor to meet you in person, Sir.
JAWABAN
1. Perbaikan kalimat
a. You should encourage Gina to go back to college and finish
her degree.
Courage: kata benda, artinya
keberanian/dorongan/keteguhan.
Encourage: kata kerja, artinya menganjurkan, mendorong,
memotivasi.
b. It’s really an honor to meet you in person, Sir.
Honour/honor dibaca ˈ änər/ (diawali bunyi vokal), jadi
article yang digunakan adalah an, bukan a.
23
ARTICLE
SOAL
1. Perbaiki kalimat berikut:
a. I want to buy new laptop
b. I saw a White House
c. An university is only common in Britain
d. I’ve met the friends and the enemies of Hagrid’s
e. I drank a water an hour ago
f. Sun is really hot and big
g. I’ve fought the friends and the enemies of Dumbledore’s
h. It’s really a honor to meet you in person, Sir.
2. Isikan dengan “a/an, the, atau tanpa article” pada paragraph di
bawah ini
3. Washington, _____ capital of _____ United States, is in _____ District
of Columbia. It had _____ estimated population of 658,893 in
2014, which consists mostly of African American and White
people. _____ National Mall, one of historic sites in Washington, is
_____ large, open park in downtown between _____ Lincoln
Memorial and _____ United States Capitol. On this park are
museums, galleries and memorials maintained by _____
Smithsonian Institution, _____ educational foundation chartered
by Congress in 1846.
4. Isikan dengan (the) other, another atau (the) others
a. I have three best friends. One of them is Laila, _____ are Dina
and Tina.
b. My brother still has _____ three years before he graduated
from college.
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JAWABAN
1. Perbaikan:
a. I want to buy a new laptop
Gunakan artikel a untuk menunjukkan sesuatu yang belum
jelas maksudnya
b. I saw a White House
Gunakan The untuk menunjukkan sesuatu yang hanya ada
satu (hanya ada satu the White House: di USA)
c. An university is only common in Britain
Dasar penggunaan artikel an adalah jika kata tertentu diawali
dengan bunyi vokal, bukan huruf vokal. Jadi, karena
university dibaca yo ͞o′nə-vûr′sĭ-tē (tidak diawali bunyi vokal)
gunakan artikel a, bukan an.
d. I’ve met the friends and the enemies of Hagrid’s
Untuk menghemat kata, jika dua buah kata (friends dan
enemies) merujuk pada kata yang sama (Hagrid’s), gunakan
satu the saja. Contoh penggunaan double the yang benar:
The job of mine and the love of yours are two very different
things (the job dan the love merujuk pada hal yang sama).
e. I drank a glass of water an hour ago. Atau I drank water an
hour ago.
Gunakan artikel a untuk menunjukkan sesuatu yang belum
jelas maksudnya, tapi untuk sesuatu yang BISA dihitung
(countable noun). Uncountable noun tidak memerlukan
article. Namun, penggunaan article dapat disiasati dengan
menambahkan ukuran berupa countable noun, yaitu glass.
Contoh lainnya:
vii. I need sugar in my tea
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viii. I need a spoonful of sugar in my tea
f. The Sun is really big and hot
Gunakan The untuk menunjukkan sesuatu yang hanya ada
satu (hanya ada satu the Sun: di tengah Galaksi Bimasakti),
dan dahulukan observation (big) daripada condition (hot).
g. I’ve fought the friends and enemies of Dumbledore’s
Untuk menghemat kata, jika dua buah kata (friends dan
enemies) merujuk pada kata yang sama (Hagrid’s), gunakan
satu the saja. Contoh penggunaan double the yang benar:
h. The job of mine and the love of yours are two very different
things (the job dan the love merujuk pada hal yang berbeda).
i. We are having dinner at Sogo Restaurant tomorrow at seven.
2. Isikan dengan “a/an, the, atau tanpa article” pada paragraph di
bawah ini
Washington, THE capital of THE United States, is in THE District of
Columbia. It had AN estimated population of 658,893 in 2014,
which consists mostly of African American and White people. THE
National Mall, one of historic sites in Washington, is A large,
open park in downtown between THE Lincoln Memorial and THE
United States Capitol. On this park are museums, galleries and
memorials maintained by THE Smithsonian Institution, AN
educational foundation chartered by Congress in 1846.
3. Isikan dengan (the) other, another atau (the) others
a. I have three best friends. One of them is Laila, THE OTHERS
are Dina and Tina.
b. My brother still has ANOTHER three years before he
graduated from college.
26
Gunakan another karena three years adalah jumlah, (another
menjelaskan three years secara bersamaan, three
menjelaskan years (sehingga jamak)).
27
TENSES
SOAL
1. There’s no point in calling her. She _____ home yet.
f. Has be arriving
g. Hasn’t arrived
h. Has not arrive
i. Has not been arriving
2. Go to bed early. The plane _____ at 7 am tomorrow, so we’ll have
to be up by 5!
a. Leave
b. Will leave
c. Is leaving
d. Leaves
3. I ______ for a few minutes when a noise outside woke me up.
a. Only slept
b. Had only slept
c. Had only been sleeping
d. Was only sleeping
4. Why ______? You should be listening to me!
a. Do you talk
b. You talk
c. Are you talking
d. You are talking
5. I _____ you if you help me
a. Will help
b. Help
c. Am helping
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d. Am going to help
6. Why is the Simple Present Tense used in the sentence below?
Diana says, “Mmmmh! This ice cream tastes really good!”
a. Diana is telling a joke
b. Diana is tasting ice cream now
c. Diana is using a verb of senses
d. Diana is talking about a future scheduled event
7. The train _____ exactly at 11 o’clock! We’ve missed it! [Harry
Potter 2; The Chamber of Secrets]
a. Leave
b. Will leave
c. Is leaving
d. Leaves
8. I like your watch. How long _____ it?
a. You have
b. Have you had
c. Are you having
d. Did you have
9. John: What ______?
Mary: I’m trying to fix my glasses
a. You doing
b. Are you doing
c. Do you do
d. Did you do
10. My granddad died 1 year before I was born, so I _____ him.
a. Meet not
b. Did not meet
c. Have not met
d. Was not meeting
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11. Who _____ you to school when your Mom is away?
a. is taking
b. takes
c. does take
d. will take
12. Where is Maya? ~ She ______ in her room
a. sleep
b. sleeps
c. is sleeping
d. slept
13. Have you ever visited Australia? ~ Yes. I ______ Sydney and
Melbourne three years ago.
a. have visited
b. visited
c. had visited
d. visit
14. What ________ when you heard the loud bang outside your
house?
a. have you done
b. did you do
c. are you doing
d. were you doing
15. I really envy you. At ten tomorrow you ______ stars with a camp
fire blazing next to you.
a. will watch
b. will be watching
c. watch
d. has watched
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16. 6. You came to Germany nine months ago. When you return to
Indonesia, you _______ in Germany for exactly one year.
a. will stay
b. will be staying
c. will have stayed
d. have stayed
17. Where is Daniel? ~ I ________ for him since three o'clock!
a. have waited
b. have been waiting
c. am waiting
d. waited
18. Dona visited Belgium last week. She __________ there before. It’s a
beautiful country.
a. has never been
b. had never been
c. never been
d. never
19. Alice said that her mother would be very angry when she ________
that she had lost her necklace.
a. has found out
b. had found out
c. would find out
d. found out
20. When father arrived home last night, he discovered that Mom
_________ a delicious dinner.
a. has prepared
b. had prepared
c. prepared
d. preparing
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21. Lengkapi kalimat berikut ini dengan kata yang benar. Jelaskan!
a. Eight glasses of water _____ needed for you to recover
quickly.
b. Pi and phi _____ two very different Greek symbols
c. Neither Conan Edogawa nor the members of the Black
Organization _____ (exist/exists/existing) in real life.
22. Temukan kesalahan dalam kalimat berikut:
a. I have visited Safira’s house last weekend.
b. She’s married to a very nice guy.
c. He choosed me
23. X: There is something different about Tom today.
Y: Sorry, what?
X: He’s being so _____ today.
The adjective that CANNOT be used to complete the sentence
above is _____.
a. Handsome
b. Quiet
c. Tall
d. Polite
24. The government _____ planning many changes.
a. Is
b. Are
c. Will
d. Is going to
25. Write these sentences in (i) Simple Past Tense, (ii) Present
Progressive Tense, (iii) Present Perfect Tense, (iv) Simple Future
Tense, and (v) Past Perfect Tense:
a. She comes to see you
b. Safira doesn’t care about me [keep it in a negative form]
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c. Why do you study English? [keep it in an interrogative form]
26. Lengkapi kalimat berikut dengan tenses yang tepat.
a. When Nadia (come) last night, I (do) my English Literature
homework.
b. Right now Jane (talk) to Tom again. It (be) the fourth time
she (talk) to him this month.
c. Roni (be) a great author. She (write) romance and mystery
novels. She (write) since she (be) twelve. She (publish) five
novels by the time she was thirty. Altogether, she (write)
seven novels, two collections of short stories and a book of
poetry.
d. By this time next semester, you (complete) your studies and
(find) a job. I, on the other hand, (accomplish, not) anything. I
(study, still) and you (work) in some new high paying job.
e. Nick (love) to travel. He (go) abroad every year. Two years
ago he (visit) Egypt. He actually (go) there twice before he
(stay) in Marocco for a month five years ago. Next year he
(go) to Bali.
JAWABAN
1. B. Hasn’t arrived
Bentuk yang sesuai dengan Present Perfect dan dicirikan dengan
keterangan yet.
2. D. Leaves
Simple Present Tense digunakan untuk menunjukkan kejadian
terjadwal (walaupun itu di masa depan).
3. C. Had only been sleeping
33
Saat terdapat kejadian yang berlangsung sampai waktu tertentu
dan masih berlangsung pada waktu tertentu, gunakan Present
Perfect Progressive. Jika itu berlangsung pada masa lampau,
gunakan Past Perfect Progressive.
4. C. Are you talking
Kalimat you should be listening (progressive) menunjukkan
bahwa kalimat sebelumnya haruslah Why are you talking (sama-
sama sedang berlangsung pada
5. A. Will help
Kalimat pada soal menyatakan kejadian yang akan terjadi jika
kejadian lain terjadi (fungsi Simple Future Tense)
6. C. Diana is using a verb of senses
Verb of senses dan stative verbs lainnya adalah non-continuous
verbs. Sebab stative verbs membicarakan state (keadaan), bukan
action sebagaimana yang dinyatakan dalam Progressive Tenses.
Jadi, walaupun sesuatu itu terjadi sekarang, tetap tidak boleh
gunakan Progressive Tense.
7. D. Leaves
Simple Present Tense digunakan untuk menunjukkan kejadian
terjadwal (walaupun itu di masa depan). Misalnya:
The train leaves at 8 tomorrow morning.
8. B. Have you had
Ketika berbicara sesuatu yang masih bernilai benar (general
truth) hingga saat ini (ada hubungan dengan masa sekarang),
dan telah berlangsung selama jangka waktu tertentu (how long),
gunakan Present Perfect Tense.
CATATAN: Have yang pertama adalah to-be III, have yang kedua
(had) adalah kata kerja ketiga dari have.
9. B. Are you doing
34
Jawaban I’m trying (progressive) menunjukkan bahwa pertanyaan
sebelumnya haruslah What are you doingg (sama-sama sedang
berlangsung pada waktu sekarang).
10. B. Did not meet
Kejadian wafatnya berlangsung pada masa lampau. Jadi baik di
masa lampau maupun masa sekarang, pembicara tidak bisa
bertemu kakeknya (did not meet). Jawaban C (have not met)
salah karena menunjukkan masih ada peluang bertemu kakeknya.
11. Who _____ you to school when your Mom is away?
b. takes
Kalimat positifnya adalah:
“Someone takes me to school when Mom is away.”
Ini adalah kalimat simple present, jadi cukup gunakan Verb1.
Kalimat Tanya dengan who saat menanyakan subjek, setelah who
langsung ditulis verbnya.
Pilihan does take juga bisa digunakan, namun tidak umum
digunakan.
12. Where is Maya? ~ She ______ in her room.
c. is sleeping
Ini adalah kalimat present progressive, karena menyatakan apa
yang sedang dilakukan Maya sekarang.
13. Have you ever visited Australia? ~ Yes. I ______ Sydney and
Melbourne three years ago.
b. visited
Meskipun pertanyaannya mengandung ‘have’, namun
jawabannya mencantumkan waktu yang spesifik (three years
ago), karena itu kita gunakan simple past, bukan present perfect.
Ingat bahwa kata “ago” hanya digunakan untuk Simple Past
Tense.
35
14. What ________ when you heard the loud bang outside your
house?
d. were you doing
Ini adalah bentuk yang sangat umum digunakan (kejadian terjadi
saat kejadian lain sedang berlangsung (lampau)), yaitu:
Past progressive + when + simple past.
… were you doing + when + you heard ….
15. I really envy you. At ten tomorrow you ______ stars with a camp
fire blazing next to you.
b. will be watching
Kalimat ini menggambarkan apa yang akan sedang dilakukan
pada waktu tertentu di masa yang akan datang. Tidak digunakan
watch karena walaupun terjadwal, kejadian tersebut akan
berlangsung (which is progressive).
16. You came to Germany nine months ago. When you return to
Indonesia, you _______ in Germany for exactly one year.
c. will have stayed
Menggambarkan apa yang (akan) telah dilakukan di waktu yang
akan datang. Kenapa bukan will be staying? Karena ada kata
kunci “for” (selama) yang menjadi ciri khas perfect tense (future).
17. Where is Daniel? ~ I ________ for him since three o'clock!
b. have been waiting
Aku telah menunggu, dan saat bicara juga masih/sedang
menunggu Daniel. Jadi kita gunakan present progressive.
18. Dona visited Belgium last week. She __________ there before. It’s a
beautiful country.
b. had never been
Menggambarakan bahwa Dona, sebelum minggu lalu (saat dia
berkunjung ke Belgia), belum pernah ke Belgia. Jadi kejadian
36
yang selesai sebelum sesuatu terjadi di masa lampau. Itulah
kegunaan past perfect. Jika kalian pilih present perfect (has never
been), berarti She belum pernah mengunjungi Belgium (padahal
sudah pernah).
19. Alice said that her mother would be very angry when she ________
that she had lost her necklace.
d. found out
Ini adalah indirect speech dari:
Alice said: “My mother will be very angry when she finds out that
I have lost my necklace.”
Jika reporting speech (said) adalah lampau, kalimat tidak
langsungnya harus berbentuk lampau. So, it should be ‘found
out’, right?
20. When father arrived home last night, he discovered that Mom
_________ a delicious dinner.
b. had prepared
Saat ayah pulang, dia mendapati bahwa ibu sudah menyiapkan
makan malam yang lezat. Kejadian yang sudah se
21. Jawaban
a. Is
Pada uncountable noun, gunakan bentuk to-be tunggal.
b. Are
Bentuk jamak (dua benda tunggal dihubungkan dengan kata
hubung and) selalu mengenakan bentuk to-be jamak.
c. Exist
Karena kata setelah nor adalah bentuk jamak, gunakan to-be
dalam bentuk jamak.
22. a. I visited
37
Jika berbicara pada waktu tertentu dalam masa lampau,
gunakan Simple Past Tense.
a. Sudah benar.
Yang keliru: She’s married with a very nice guy.
b. He chose me
Kata kerja kedua dan ketiga dari choose adalah chose dan
chosen, bukan choosed.
23. C.Tall
Sudah pernah saya ajarkan bahwa Present Progressive Tense
adalah sesuatu yang sedang terjadi, dan tidak mesti merupakan
general truth sebagaimana Simple Present Tense. Kuncinya, kita
pilih kata yang merupakan general truth (sehingga terdengar
tidak masuk akal jika digunakan dalam Present Progressive).
Lebih jelasnya begini:
She’s being quiet (dia tidak biasanya diam, tapi sekarang lagi bisa
diam)
He’s being handsome (dia tidak biasanya tampan, tapi sekarang
lagi tampan-tampannya)
She’s being polite (dia tidak biasanya sopan, tapi sekarang lagi
sopan)
She’s being tall (tidak masuk akal kalau kita bilang “dia tidak
biasanya tinggi”. Sebab “tall” adalah sifat yang melekat, general
truth. Tidak ada orang yang biasanya pendek terus tinggi atau
sebaliknya).
24. A dan B Is dan Are
To be is (government dianggap tunggal, satu kesatuan)
digunakan di American English. Sedangkan, are (government
dianggap jamak, banyak orang di dalamnya) digunakan di British
English.
38
25. Sentences in (i) Simple Past Tense, (ii) Present Progressive Tense,
(iii) Present Perfect Tense, (iv) Simple Future Tense, and (v) Past
Perfect Tense:
a. She comes to see you
She came to see you
She is coming to see you
She has come to see you
She will come to see you
She had come to see you
b. Safira doesn’t care about me
Safira didn’t care about me
Safira isn’t caring about me
Safira hasn’t cared about me
Safira won’t care about me
Safira hadn’t cared about me
c. Why do you study English?
Why did you study English?
Why are you studying English?
Why have you studied English?
Why will you study English?
Why had you studied English?
26.
a. When Nadia came last night, I was doing my English
Literature homework.
Simple Past digunakan untuk menyatakan kejadian yang
terjadi di masa lampau ketika kejadian lain tengah
berlangsung (Past Progressive).
b. Right now Jane is talking to Tom again. It is the fourth time
she has talked to him this month.
39
Gunakan Present Progressive untuk menyatakan peristiwa
yang sedang terjadi saat ini (right now). Dan gunakan Present
Perfect untuk kejadian berulang yang dimulai dari masa
lampau hingga saat ini.
c. Roni is a great author. She writes romance and mystery
novels (general truth, gunakan Simple Present). She has
written since she was twelve. She had published five novels
by the time she was thirty (kejadian yang telah selesai di
masa lampau; Present Perfect). Altogether, she has written
seven novels, two collections of short stories and a book of
poetry.
d. By this time next summer, you will have completed your
studies and found a job. I, on the other hand, will not have
accomplished anything (akan selesai di masa depan). I will
still be studying and you will be working in some new high
paying job (akan berlangsung).
e. Nick loves to travel. He goes abroad every year (scheduled
event). Two years ago he visited Egypt (ago hanya digunakan
untuk Simple Past). He actually had gone there twice before
he stayed in Marocco for a month five years ago. Next year
he goes to Bali. (Bukan he will go to Bali karena dia pergi
EVERY year (walaupun pada kalimat ini ada kata next year).
Peristiwa terjadwal harus ditulis dalam Simple Present Tense)
40
CONCORD
SOAL
1. Perbaiki kalimat berikut jika ditemukan kesalahan, dan jelaskan
(bisa jadi tidak ada kesalahan pada kalimat):
a. Either Safira or her parents is happy to see him
b. Neither you nor Chloe knows me well
2. Lengkapi kalimat berikut ini dengan kata yang benar. Jelaskan!
a. Five dollars _____(is, are) all I need to travel around Jakarta.
b. Either pi or phi _____ (is, are) 3.14
c. Either Suki or her parents _____ (know/knows) my real name.
d. Is your wife _____ (okay/better) now? She looked so pale
yesterday.
e. Making new friends ….. (is/are) not always easy.
f. Neither her best friends nor sister …. (is/are) willing to help
her.
g. The teacher, as well as the students _____ (work/works) hard
for the competition.
h. Measles _____ (is a/are) highly contagious disease caused by a
virus.
i. Found among the flowers _____ (is/are) a card with a beautiful
handwriting in it.
j. (Was/were) I you, I would study harder for the test tomorrow.
3. _____ student _____ a learner.
a. Each, is
b. Every, are
c. Each, are,
d. Every, is
41
4. Deer _____ smaller than giraffes.
a. Are
b. Are not
c. Is
d. Is not
5. Which of these sentences is/are not grammatically correct?:
a. The book which was stolen from me was really dirty.
b. The book that was stolen from me was really dirty.
c. The book, which was dirty, was stolen from me.
6. What do these sentences possibly mean?
a. She loves you more than me.
b. I did it better than you.
JAWABAN
1. Jawaban
a. Either Safira or her parents are happy to see him
Konjungsi either-or artinya hanya salah satunya benar (tidak
dua-duanya), sehingga penggunaan to-be tergantung pada
bagian subjek terakhir (yang ditempatkan setelah or). Jika
bagian subjek terakhir berbentuk jamak (misalnya her
parents, gunakan to-be jamak. Jika bagian subjek terakhir
berbentuk tunggal (misalnya her dad atau her mum, gunakan
to-be tunggal.
b. Sudah benar
Dalam fungsinya sebagai conjunction, either harus
dipasangkan dengan nor. Sedangkan either dengan or.
Walaupun dalam kasus informal English, neither juga
dipasangkan dengan or.
2.
42
a. Is
Pada uncountable noun, gunakan bentuk to-be tunggal.
Walaupun di sana ada dollars sebagai satuan mata uangnya.
(Yang uncountable adalah money-nya, yaitu five dollars).
b. Is
Dua benda tunggal yang dihubungkan dengan or
diperlakukan sebagai bentuk tunggal..
c. Know
Karena kata setelah or adalah bentuk jamak, gunakan to-be
dalam bentuk jamak.
d. Dua-duanya benar. :D
Okay menanyakan “Apakah dia baik-baik saja? Soalnya
kemarin kelihatan pucat”
Better menanyakan “Apakah dia lebih baik daripada
kemarin?”
e. Making new friends is not always easy.
Gerund yang dibendakan mengikuti aturan countable noun
(singular).
f. Neither her best friends nor sister is willing to help her.
Jika subjek sebelum to be atau kata kerja adalah tunggal,
kata kerja atau to be juga tunggal. Sebaliknya, jika subjek
sebelum to be atau kata kerja adalah jamak, kata kerja atau
to be juga jamak. Contoh:
ix. Neither her sister nor best friends are willing to help her.
g. The teacher, as well as the students, WORKS hard for the
competition.
Subjek pada kalimat itu adalah the teacher, klausa “as well as
the students” adalah keterangan dalam bentuk positive
43
degree of comparison (Gurunya bekerja keras untuk
pertandingan, sebagaimana para siswa bekerja keras).
h. Measles IS A highly contagious disease caused by a virus.
Simple. It’s singular (disease).
i. Found among the flowers IS a card with a beautiful
handwriting in it.
Ini adalah kalimat INVERTED, subjectnya terletak setelah verb.
Pada kalimat ini SUBJECT: A CARD (tunggal), karena itu
verbnya juga tunggal (IS). Jenis kalimat ini digunakan untuk
membentuk kalimat yang maknanya dalam atau puitis.
Kalimat yang belum di-inverted adalah: A card is found
among the flowers with a beautiful handwriting in it.
j. WERE I you, I would study harder for the test tomorrow.
Ini adalah kalimat conditional tipe 2, jadi kita pake “WERE”,
bukan WAS meski subjectnya tunggal. Bentuk aslinya adalah:
If I were you, I would study harder for the test tomorrow.
3. D. Every, is
Kata student (tunggal) menunjukkan bahwa to be yg digunakan
hrus tunggal.
Every digunakan utk "setiap" scara umum.
Each digunakan utk "setiap" dlm lingkup khusus. Contoh:
Each student IN MY CLASS has to wear hijab.
4. A. Are
To be yg digunakan adalah positif (tanpa not) krn menunjukkan
bhw benar rusa lbh kecil dr jerapah.
Digunakan to be jamak krn subjeknya jamak. Giraffes jamak, shg
deer jg jamak. (Deer memiliki bentuk tunggal dan jamak yg sama,
yaitu deer).
5.
44
a. The book which was stolen from me was really dirty
Which dan that memang sm2 relative pronoun. Tp ada
perbedaannya.
b. That digunakan tnpa koma. Which pake koma.
c. That memberi batasan pd subjek sdgkan which memberi
tambahan informasi.
Jd:
The book that was stolen: membatasi bahwa buku yg
dibicarakan adl yg dirty, bkn yg lain.
The book, which was dirty: memberi informasi bhw buku
yg dibicarakan itu kotor.
6. Interpretasi:
a. She loves you more than me:
Dia mencintaimu lbh dari dia mencintaiku.
Dia mencintaimu lbh dari aku mencintaimu.
b. I did better than you.
Aku melakukannya (tadi) lbh baik drpd td kamu
melakukannya. ▶ better than you did.
Aku melakukannya (tadi) lbh baik drpd biasanya kamu
lakukan. ▶ better than you do.
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DEGREE OF COMPARISON
SOAL
1. Lengkapi kalimat berikut ini dengan kata yang benar. Jelaskan!
a. The population of Singapore is ______ than of Indonesia.
b. This is the boy _____ got into an accident.
c. It’s getting ……. (harder and harder/more and more hard) to
find good but cheap education nowadays.
d. We have ….. (lesser/far less) time to work on our project than
we thought.
2. Temukan kesalahan dalam kalimat berikut:
a. As more as the Earth is titled towards the Sun, the hotter it is.
b. She was better at it then him.
c. There are less students who got an A this semester.
d. The more you fight it, more painful it feels.
e. Your house is so nice than mine.
f. He is the smarter students in class.
3. All these following sentences have a comparative degree
meaning, except ______.
a. He is better than anyone I’ve ever met
b. He is better than he usually was
c. He is better at sport now
d. He is better if he’s with me
JAWABAN
1. Jawaban:
a. Better
46
Menunjukkan keadaan si ayah lebih baik daripada
sebelumnya
b. Less
Menunjukkan “lebih” dalam artian “kurang dari”
c. It’s getting harder and harder to find good but cheap
education nowadays.
Jika kata sifat terdiri dari satu atau dua suku kata, umumnya
gunakan akhiran –er, bukan keterangan more.
We have far less time to work on our project than we
thought.
d. Less bicara tentang kuantitas (misal waktu, jumlah), lesser
tentang kualitas (misal tingkat kesulitan). Contoh:
Forty lashes is less punishment than 100 lashes.
Pelted with rotten tomatoes is a lesser punishment than
pelted with rocks.
2.
a. The more the Earth is …
Pola yang tepat adalah “the more … the more …”
b. She was better at it than him.
Mispronounced: than
He is better than anyone I’ve ever met
He is better than anyone (lebih baik dari siapa pun) adalah
bentuk lain dari he is the best.
c. There are less students who got an A this semester. LESS
FEWER
x. Less digunakan untuk uncountable atau jumlah (angka),
sedangkan fewer digunakan untuk countable (misalnya
manusia atau benda).
d. The more you fight it, more painful it feels.
47
THE MORE PAINFUL …
e. Your house is so nice than mine.
YOUR HOUSE IS NICER THAN MINE (comparative degree)
f. He is the smarter students in class.
SMARTER SMARTEST (superlative degree)
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RELATIVE PRONOUNS
SOAL
1. Lengkapi kalimat berikut ini dengan kata yang benar. Jelaskan!
a. This is the boy _____ got into an accident.
b. I haven’t seen Charlie, ______ brother is five, for quite a long
time now.
c. The book _____ you gave me was unbelievably great.
d. Ria _____ hair is bright pink is reported missing after school.
e. The beautiful girl …… (whom/whose/who) you met yesterday
is my best friend.
f. There are several assignments I have to finish this week,
many of ______ I have already submitted.
g. The necklace, ______ owner was my great grandmother, has
gone missing for centuries.
JAWABAN
1. Jawaban:
a. Who
Digunakan untuk menggantikan posisi subjek
b. Whose
Digunakan untuk menunjukkan kasus kepunyaan
c. Which/that
Digunakan untuk menggantikan posisi benda mati sebagai
subjek/objek.
d. Whose
Digunakan untuk menunjukkan kasus kepunyaan.
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Ria yang rambutnya merah muda terang itu dilaporkan
hilang selepas pulang sekolah.
e. The beautiful girl whom you met yesterday is my best friend.
Sebagai replacement untuk objek, gunakan whom. Boleh
juga gunakan who, tapi tidak grammatical (walaupun sering
digunakan oleh para natives).
f. There are several assignments I have to finish this week,
many of WHICH I have already submitted.
Of which digunakan untuk menggantikan satu/beberapa di
antara banyak. Contoh lain: I have two tips for you. One of
which is: get a life!
g. The necklace, WHOSE owner was my great grandmother, has
gone missing for centuries. sudah tahu kan? Kasus
kepemilikan.
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CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
SOAL
1. Lengkapi kalimat berikut ini dengan kata yang benar. Jelaskan!
a. It _____ be silly if we tried to walk in.
b. She’d have taken men to the station if her car _____ down.
(have, break)
c. If you _____ (ask), he won’t help you
d. I ____ (go) if you go.
e. I’d have gone to London if my dad _____ me. (let)
f. If you _____ my teacher, I would just leave school. (to-be)
2. Create conditional sentences (i) type 1, (ii) type 2, and (iii) type 3
by using these words:
a. Your wife, you, miss, me, every day
b. I, not, watch, movies, fail, exam
c. Work out, I, healthy, fit
3. Buatlah conditional sentence dari kata-kata berikut dan tuliskan
faktanya.
a. get scholarship, study in UK (type 1)
b. speak Korean fluently, live in Korea for five years (type 2)
c. Weather nice, go for a picnic. (type 1)
d. b. Watch the late movie on TV, late for the meeting. (type 2)
e. c. Take Japanese in high school, get the job in Japan. (type 3)
4. Lengkapi kalimat berikut
a. If I had more money, …… (buy a new pair of shoes)
b. If Syeila hadn’t gone to Tom’s party last night, …….. (finish her
project).
5. Buatlah inversion dari conditional sentence di bawah ini
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a. If I were you, I wouldn't get involved in that case.
b. If Tina had known, she would have said something to the
principal.
6. Tulislah fakta dari kalimat berikut
a. If only my grandpa were still alive.
b. I would rather you had gone to Germany.
7. Buatlah bentuk passive dan past tense dari kalimat berikut
a. Dad has me wash his car.
b. Shayna let her sister do her make up.
8. Combine these sentences into conditional sentence type I, II, and
III, respectively.
a. Main clause: I will eat a full spoon of cinnamon.
If clause: You can fly.
b. Main clause: Will you marry me?
If clause: I come to your dad.
JAWABAN
1. Jawaban
a. Would be (Conditional Tipe II)
b. Hadn’t broken (Conditional Tipe III)
c. Don’t ask (Conditional Tipe I)
d. Will go (Conditional Tipe I)
e. Had let (Conditional Tipe III)
f. Were (Conditional Tipe II)
2. Conditional sentences (i) type 1, (ii) type 2, and (iii) type 3,
containing these words:
a. Your wife, you, miss, me, every day
If I am your wife, you will miss me every day
If I were your wife, you would miss me every day
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If I had been your wife, you would’ve missed me every
day
b. I, not, watch, movies, fail, exam
If I do not watch so many movies, I will not fail the exam
If I did not watch so many movies, I would not fail the
exam
If I had not watched so many movies, I would’ve not
failed the exam
c. Work out, I, healthy, fit
If I work out, I will be healthy and fit
If I worked out, I would be healthy and fit
If I had worked out, I would’ve been healthy and fit
3. Buatlah conditional sentence dari kata-kata berikut dan tuliskan
faktanya.
a. If I get Chavening Scholarship, I will study in UK to get my
master degree.
b. I would be able to speak Korean fluently if I live in Korea for
five years.
c. If the weather is nice, we will go for a picnic tomorrow.
d. If you didn’t watch the late movie on TV, you wouldn’t be late
for the meeting.
e. If Lana had taken Japanese in high school, she would’ve
gotten the job in Japan.
4. Lengkapi kalimat berikut
a. If I had more money, I would buy a new pair of shoes.
b. If Syeila hadn’t gone to Tom’s party last night, she would have
finished her project.
5. Buatlah inversion dari conditional sentence di bawah ini
a. Were I you, I wouldn't get involved in that case.
b. Had Tina known, she would have said something to the
principal.
6. Tulislah fakta dari kalimat berikut
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a. If only my grandpa were still alive. (Fact: grandpa is no longer
alive.)
b. I would rather you had gone to Germany. (Fact: you are still
here.)
7. Buatlah bentuk passive dan past tense dari kalimat berikut
a. Dad has me wash his car.
Passive: Dad has his car washed.
Past tense: Dad had me wash his car.
a. Shayna let her sister do her make up.
Passive: Shayna let her make up done
Past tense: Shayna let her sister do her make up.
8. Gabungan kedua kalimat menjadi kalimat-kalimat bersyarat tipe
I, II, dan III:
a. I will eat a full spoon (atau a spoonful juga bisa) of cinnamon
if you can fly.
I would eat a full spoon of cinnamon if you could fly.
I would’ve eaten a full spoon of cinnamon if you could
have flown.
tidak ada konstruksi could had secara grammar. Kita gunakan
could have sebagai gantinya (can, could, could have), yang
mengimplikasikan if you had flown (pasangan bentuk would
have dalam conditional sentence tipe III.
b. Will you marry me if I come to your dad?
Would you marry me if I came to your dad?
Would you have married me if I had come to your dad?
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SUBJUNCTIVES
SOAL
1. Lengkapi kalimat berikut ini dengan kata yang benar. Jelaskan!
a. If only you _____ here… But you are not.
b. I wish you _____ (say) that harsh thing when I was madly in
love with you. It still hurt a lot.
c. I wish I _____ (reject) your proposal last year.
d. Wish you _____ here, Hermione. Now more than ever.
2. Buatlah subjunctive dari fakta berikut.
a. I didn’t study hard enough in college. (If only)
b. You don’t say anything about your pain. (would rather)
3. What are the subjunctive forms of these FACTS:
a. You didn’t love me (I wish)
b. You are not here (If only)
c. You lied (If only)
d. You are my patience (I wish)
e. She acts as if she were the smartest girl at school.
f. Nayla felt as though her heart had been stabbed over and
over again.
JAWABAN
1. Jawaban
a. Were (Present Subjunctive)
b. Hadn’t said (Past Subjunctive) ditandai dengan bentuk past
(was madly)
c. Hadn’t rejected (Past Subjunctive) ditandai dengan bentuk
past (last year)
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d. Were (Present Subjunctive, ditandai dengan keterangan now)
Dialog Harry Potter II: The Chamber of Secrets
2. Buatlah subjunctive dari fakta berikut.
a. If only I had studied hard enough in college.
b. I would rather you said something about your pain.
Subjunctives kuncinya yang positif dinegatifkan. Visa versa.
3. Fact
a. I wish you had loved me
b. If only you were here
c. If only you hadn’t lied
d. I wish you weren’t my patience
e. . She is not the smartest girl at school.
f. b. Her heart didn’t actually being stabbed over and over
again.
56
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CAUSATIVE VERBS
SOAL
1. Lengkapi kalimat berikut ini dengan kata yang benar. Jelaskan!
a. Instead of buying a new car, why don’t you have your old one
_____?
b. Can you _____ (have, someone, paint) my room tomorrow?
c. Mummy always makes me _____ my room on Mondays
d. He made me _____ (know) the meaning of marriage.
e. Where can I get my computer _____ .(sell)
f. Mr. Smith always has me _____ (run) every day.
2. Buatlah kalimat dengan causative verb dari kata-kata berikut.
a. Joe, her brother, mow the lawn. (make, active)
b. My father, Kate, drive him to the hospital. (get, active)
c. Brad, the house, clean. (have, passive)
d. My aunt, her hair, color. (let, passive)
JAWABAN
1. Jawaban:
a. Fixed (bentuk pasif dari causative verb)
b. Have someone paint
c. Clean up
d. Know (Made adalah bentuk lampau dari make, dan causative
make tidak memerlukan to)
e. Sold (bentuk passive dari causative verbs)
f. Run (has adalah bentuk kata kerja have untuk orang ketiga
tunggal)
2. Buatlah kalimat dengan causative verb dari kata-kata berikut.
a. Joe makes her brother mow the lawn.
b. My father gets Kate to drive him to the hospital.
c. Brad has the house cleaned.
d. My aunt lets her hair colored.
58
59
PASSIVE VOICE
SOAL
1. Ubah kalimat ini menjadi kalimat pasif:
a. Do scientists do experiments?
b. Have the asked the actress personal questions?
c. Why is Peter making dinner today?
d. Who taught you to speak in a British accent?
e. Has mum cooked the rice?
f. Do all the students submit their assignments?
g. Have you invited Gina to your wedding ceremony?
h. Why do you always get your mum do your laundry?
i. Why did you make her fix your laptop?
j. Why is she cleaning the fan?
k. When will you fix my car?
2. Create the passive forms of these sentences:
a. Why are they staring at me?
b. What does a cook need to steam a food?
c. Mr. Sherlock has booked a seat next to mine.
d. Why can’t she make dinner?
e. The government will build a better drainage system before
the rainy season comes
f. The librarian gave three books to each one of us.
g. Sandi had visited Bali ten times before he finally moved there.
h. My parents thought I would finish my study at college this
year.
3. Ubah kalimat berikut menjadi active.
a. My homework will have been completed before midnight.
60
b. Dinner was being made by my sister when my uncle came to
our house last night.
JAWABAN
1. Jawaban:
a. Are experiments done by scientists?
b. Has the actress been asked personal questions?
c. Why is dinner being made by Peter today?
d. By whom were you taught to speak in a British accent?
e. Has the rice been cooked by mum?
f. Why can’t dinner be made by her?
g. Are the assignments submitted by all the students?
h. Has Gina been invited to your wedding ceremony?
i. Why do you always get your laundry done?
j. Why did you make your laptop fixed?
k. Why is the fan being cleaned by her?
l. When will my car be fixed (by you)?
2. Create the passive forms of these sentences:
a. Why are they staring at me?
Why am I being stared at by them?
b. What does a cook need to steam a food?
What is needed by a cook to steam a food?
c. Mr. Sherlock has booked a seat next to mine.
A seat next to mine has been booked by Mr. Sherlock.
d. A better drainage system will be built by the government
before the rainy season comes
e. Three books were given to each one of us by the librarian.
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f. Bali had been visited by Sandi ten times before he finally
moved there.
g. b. My parents thought my study at college would be finished
this year.
3. Ubah kalimat berikut menjadi active.
a. I will have completed my homework before midnight.
b. My sister was making dinner when my uncle came to our
house last night.
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DIRECT-INDIRECT SPEECH
SOAL
1. Ubah kalimat ini menjadi kalimat tidak langsung:
a. Maya: “Where does Peter live?”
b. Johnny: “Are you British or American?”
c. Hiro: “Have you been to Bath before?”
d. Maya: “Who loves rats?”
e. Johnny: “Are you crazy?” hint: buat dua bentuk (dengan if,
dan dengan whether)
f. Hiro: “Has Keith graduated from high school?”
g. Jack asked Jill: “Will you marry me?”
h. Tom told Gina: “I had visited my uncle in London twice before
he died.”
i. She said, “I’ve never been happier.”
j. Daddy says, “Marriage life is never easy.”
k. a. Jennifer asked Cynthia: “Are you going somewhere on
Friday night?” “I’d like to invite you to my sister’s birthday
party.”
l. b. My grandfather told me: “Never intend to hurt someone or
something. Be kind to all creatures.”
2. Twenty years ago, Aunt May said, “Pluto is the smallest planet in
the Milky Way Galaxy.”
The indirect speech of the sentence above is:
a. Twenty years ago, Aunt May said that Pluto has been the
smallest planet in the Milky Way Galaxy
b. Twenty years ago, Aunt May said that Pluto is still the
smallest planet in the Milky Way Galaxy
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c. Twenty years ago, Aunt May said that Pluto had been the
smallest planet in the Milky Way Galaxy
d. Twenty years ago, Aunty May said that Pluto was the smallest
planet in the Milky Way Galaxy.
3. Write the direct speeches of these sentences:
a. Clark said that he had done his job
b. She told me not to fly that high
c. Joan said she was crazy about me
d. Linda wondered where Tim had been gone all night.
e. Mom told the girls to work hard if they wanted to pass the
exam.
JAWABAN
1. Jawaban:
a. Maya aksed where Peter lived.
b. Johny asked me whether I was British or American.
c. She asked if I had been to Bath before.
d. Maya aksed who loved rats. perhatikan bahwa kalimat
tanyanya dalam bentuk positif (bukan who does love rats,
jadi tidak ada perubahan ke bentuk positif krn sudah positif)
e. Johny asked me whether I was crazy. Atau:
Johny asked me whether I was crazy or not. Atau:
Johny asked me if I was crazy.
f. Hiro asked if Keith had graduated from high school. Atau:
Hiro asked whether Keith had graduated from high
school. Atau:
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Hiro asked whether Keith had graduated from high
school or not.
g. Jack asked Jill if she would marry him
h. Tom told Gina that he had visited his uncle in London twice
before he died.
i. She said that she had never been happier.
j. Daddy says that marriage life is never easy. karena
reporting verb (says) adalah bentuk Present Tense, reported
speech (marriage life is never easy) harus dalam bentuk
Present Tense juga.
k. Jennifer asked Kevin if/whether he was going somewhere on
Friday night because Jennifer would like to invite him to her
sister’s birthday party.”
l. My grandfather told me to never intend to hurt someone or
something and to be kind to all creatures.
2. D. Twenty years ago, Aunty May said that Pluto was the smallest
planet in the Milky Way Galaxy
Jika hal yang dikatakan tidak lagi berlaku di masa sekarang (saat
kalimat indirectnya disampaikan), tetap gunakan Past Tense (jika
kalimat langsungnya adalah Present Tense).
Pluto bukan lagi termasuk planet dalam Galaksi Bimasakti,
sehingga bentuk Present diubah ke Past (hanya berlaku di masa
lampau)
3. Write the direct speeches of these sentences:
a. Clark said that he had done his job
Clark said, “I have done my job.”
b. She told me not to fly that high
She told me, “Don’t fly that high.”
c. Joan said she was crazy about me
65
Joan said, “I am crazy about you.”
d. Linda asked Tim: “Where have you been gone all night?”
e. Mom told the girls: “Work hard if you want to pass the exam.”
66
TAG QUESTION
SOAL
1. Tambahkan tag question pada kalimat berikut:
a. You never actually loved me.
b. Let’s eat it up
c. Nobody answers the phone, _____?
d. Let’s go to the swimming pool, _____?
e. I’m the one who should apologize, _____?
f. Nothing good came to your life before, _____?
g. Don’t forget to buy some aspirin, _____?
h. She hardly ever worked in her life, _____?
2. Jack could’ve bought a new house, _____.
a. So could you
b. You could’ve too
c. Could’ve you too?
d. So could’ve you
JAWABAN
1. Jawaban
a. You never actually loved me, did you?
b. Let’s eat it up, shall we?
c. Nobody answers the phone, do they?
Ingat, untuk bentuk no-… gunakan tag question positif
(karena sejatinya no-… merupakan bentuk negative).
d. Let’s go to the swimming pool, shall we?
67
Ingat, untuk ajakan gunakan shall.
e. I’m the one who should apologize, aren’t I?
f. Nothing good came to your life before, did it?
g. Don’t forget to buy some aspirin, will you?
h. She hardly ever worked in her life, did she? [Ingat, makna
negatif, tag-nya positif]
2. A. So could you
Gunakan bentuk modal yang paling dasar di sana (tapi
pertahankan bentuk past jika digunakan bentuk past), yaitu
could. Could have merupakan “perluasan” dari could.
68
ELLIPTICAL CONSTRUCTION
SOAL
1. Ubah kalimat ini menjadi kalimat elips (gunakan bentuk too DAN
so, serta NEITHER dan EITHER jika kedua kalimat sama-sama
negatif atau sama-sama positif):
a. A police officer shot his forearm. That robber shot his
forearm.
b. Mummy never understands me. You never understand me.
c. I hate you. She hates me.
d. You didn’t have to do that. I had to do that.
e. She loves cats. I hate cats.
2. Pilih yang tepat; gerund atau to-infinitive, atau kedua-duanya:
a. I am used to do/doing this nasty thing
b. I didn’t do this to help/helping you
c. Sorry to make/for making you wait
3. Tuliskan bentuk elliptic untuk kalimat positif-positif di bawah ini.
a. Mother bought a new dress. My sister and I bought a new
dress
b. Sania has some works to do. Her roommates have some
works to do.
4. Tuliskan bentuk elliptic untuk kalimat negative-negatif di bawah
ini
a. Tara hasn’t gone to Mexico. Her best friends haven’t gone to
Mexico.
b. Don isn’t going to hurt you. We’re not going to hurt you.
5. Tuliskan bentuk elliptic untuk kalimat negative-positif/positif-
negatif di bawah ini
69
a. Jack asked Jill: “Will you marry me?”
b. Tom told Gina: “I had visited my uncle in London twice before
he died.”
6. Tuliskan Elliptical Sentence dari kalimat di bawah ini
a. Joe walked to the school. Lani walked to the park.
b. Some people like to go to the beaches.
Others like to go to the mountains.
I like to go to the woods.
c. This week I have so many things to do. The florist need to be
choosed. The caterer need to be choosed. The wedding cake
need to be ordered. The guest list need to be finalized. The
bridal gown need to be fitted.
d. I hope to see you. You hope to see me.
JAWABAN
1. Jawaban
a. A police officer shot his forearm, and that robber did too.
A police officer shot his forearm, and so did the robber.
b. Mummy never understand me, and neither do you.
Mummy never understands me, and you don’t either.
c. I hate you, and she me.
d. You didn’t have to do that, but I did.
e. She loves cats, but I don’t. kalimat elips
Atau: She loves cats, but I hate them (the cats). Kalimat
compound
2. Jawaban
a. I am used to doing this nasty thing karena ini adalah bentuk
khusus dari “to” yang diikuti oleh Gerund.
b. I didn’t do this to help you. Karena to digunakan untuk
menyatakan tujuan (to infinitive setelah kata benda).
70
c. Keduanya benar
Sorry to make you wait: Maaf (akan) membuatmu
menunggu
Sorry for making you wait: Maaf (sudah) membuatmu
menunggu
3. Tuliskan bentuk elliptic untuk kalimat positif-positif di bawah ini.
a. Mother bought a new dress and my sister and I did, too.
(Atau, and so did my sister and I)
b. Sania has some works to do and so do her roommates.
(Atau and her roommates do, too)
4. Tuliskan bentuk elliptic untuk kalimat negative-negatif di bawah
ini
a. Tara hasn’t gone to Mexico and her best friends haven’t
either.
(Atau, and neither have her best friends)
b. Don isn’t going to hurt you and neither are we.
(Atau, and we’re not either)
5. Tuliskan bentuk elliptic untuk kalimat negative-positif/positif-
negatif di bawah ini
a. Anita loves her coffee every morning but her husband
doesn’t.
b. Farel won’t go anywhere this weekend but Farrah will.
6. Tuliskan Eliptical Sentence dari kalimat di bawah ini
a. Joe walked to the school and Lani to the park.
b. Some people like to go to the beaches. Others the
mountains. I the woods.
c. This week I have so many things to do. The florist and the
caterer need to be choosed, the wedding cake ordered, the
guest list finalized and the bridal gown fitted.
71
d. I hope to see you, and you me. [hanya kata kerja yang sama,
jarang digunakan, tapi acceptable]
72
GERUND
SOAL
1. What’s the difference between:
a. Papa stopped smoking
b. Papa stopped to smoke
c. I really enjoy _____ (to dive/diving) into the sea and _____
(see/seeing/to see) all the beautiful creatures in it.
2. Pilih jawaban yang benar
a. (Mastering/master/to master) a new language takes time and
a lot of practices.
b. I appreciate (to be/being/be) able to study in your place.
c. We look forward to _____ (see/seeing) this weekend.
d. The customers object to _____ (pay/paying) the higher price.
e. Nadia chose to _____ (go/going) with him
JAWABAN
1. What’s the difference between:
a. Papa stopped smoking
Papa berhenti merokok
b. Papa stopped to smoke
Papa berhenti melakukan hal lain untuk merokok ….
contohnya: Papa stopped talking to smoke
c. I really enjoy diving into the sea and seeing all the beautiful
creatures in it.
2. Pilih jawaban yang benar
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a. Mastering a new language takes time and a lot of practices.
b. I appreciate being able to study in your place
c. We look forward to SEEING this weekend.
d. Forward to adalah kata yang HARUS diikuti verb-ing.
e. The customers object to PAYING the higher price.
f. Object to adalah kata yang HARUS diikuti verb-ing.
g. Nadia chose to GO with him
TO INFINITIVES
SOAL
1. Pilihah kata yang sesuai, apakah menggunakan Gerund atau To
Infinitive.
a. I’m not telling you to brag/bragging about your life
b. I look forward to seeing/to see/seeing you in class
c. My father definitely can’t afford _____ (to buy/buy/buying) a
new motorcycle, let alone a new car.
d. d. The children seem to _____ (enjoy/enjoying) their tasks.
JAWABAN
1. Jawaban
a. I’m not telling you to brag about your life Karena to
digunakan untuk menyatakan tujuan (to infinitive setelah
kata benda).
b. I look forward to seeing you in class Dialog film Big Hero 6
Look forward (to) adalah satu dari beberapa frasa yang
HARUS selalu diikuti Gerund.
74
c. My father definitely can’t afford to buy a new motorcycle, let
alone a new car.
d. . The children seem to ENJOY their tasks.
75
PREFERENCE
SOAL
1. Ubah kalimat ini dalam bentuk preferences yang sudah kalian
pelajari:
a. I prefer learning English instead of playing video games.
(would rather, would prefer to, like)
b. You had better go. (it’s time, it’s time you…)
c. She prefers going to London instead of leaving for Tokyo.
(would rather, would prefer to)
d. I had better speak up. (it’s time, it’s time you…)
e. Papa likes swimming better than driving. (would rather,
would prefer to, prefer)
2. Ubahlah kalimat ini menggunakan kata di dalam kurung.
a. They should have everything ready when our clients arrive.
(had better)
b. I like reading better than watching movies. (would rather)
c.
3. Perbaikilah kalimat di bawah ini
a. She would prefer skiing rather than rock climbing.
b. It’s time you go or you’ll be late for your appointment
c. My mother prefers drink tea to coffee.
d. b. They would prefer go to the beach rather than to the
campsite.
4. Ubahlah kalimat berikut menggunakan “prefer”, “would rather”
dan “would prefer”.
a. Sonia likes reading better than watching movies.
b. Tara likes fish better than beef.
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JAWABAN
1. Jawaban
a. I would rather learn English than play video games
I would prefer to learn English rather than play video games
I like learning English better than playing video games
b. It’s time to go
It’s time you went
c. She would rather go to London than leave for Tokyo
She would prefer to go to London rather than leave for
Tokyo
d. It’s time to speak up
It’s time I spoke up
e. Papa would rather swim than drive
Papa would prefer to swim rather than drive
Papa prefers swimming instead of dricing
2. Ubahlah kalimat ini menggunakan kata di dalam kurung.
a. They had better have everything ready when our clients arrive.
b. I would rather read than watch movies.
3. Perbaikilah kalimat di bawah ini
a. She would prefer to ski rather than rock climbing.
b. It’s time you went or you’ll be late for your appointment.
c. My mother prefers tea to coffee. OR
My mother prefers drinking tea instead of drinking coffee.
d. They would prefer go to the beach rather than to the
campsite.
They would prefer TO go to the beach rather than go to the
campsite.
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4.
a. Sonia likes reading better than watching movies.
Sonia prefers reading instead of watching movies.
Sonia would rather read than watch movies.
Sonia would prefer to read rather than watch movies.
b. Tara likes fish better than beef.
Tara prefers eating fish instead of eating beef
Tara would rather eat fish than eat beef.
Tara would prefer to eat fish than eat beef.
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PARTICIPLES
SOAL
1. Susun kalimat dengan struktur Present Participle dan Past
Participle dengan menggunakan kata-kata berikut:
a. Scare, scary, horror movies, Nisa
b. Maya, bore, in, Indonesia, so, interest, go back, London
2. Tulis kembali kalimat berikut dengan klausa participle yang
sesuai.
a. My brother left his soccer practice early because he felt sick.
b. Her instructor was impressed by Kelly’s achievement, he
pointed her as the main player.
JAWABAN
1. Jawaban
a. Nisa is scared of horror movies because they are scary
b. Maya is bored in Indonesia, so she’s interested to go back to
London
2. Tulis kembali kalimat berikut dengan klausa participle yang
sesuai.
a. Feeling sick, my brother left his soccer practice early.
b. Impressed by Kelly’s achievement, her instructor pointed her
as the main player.
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MODALS
SOAL
1. Jelaskan perbedaan kalimat-kalimat berikut:
b. She could’ve just cooked
c. She should’ve just cooked
d. She must’ve just cooked
3. Jelaskan perbedaan makna kalimat di bawah ini
a. I might have left the keys at home.
b. I could have left the keys at home.
JAWABAN
1.
a. Dia bisa saja memasak, tapi dia tidak memasak
b. Dia seharusnya memasak, tapi dia tidak memasak
c. Dia pasti baru saja memasak (artinya dia memasak)
2. Jelaskan perbedaan makna kalimat di bawah ini
a. I might have left the keys at home.
Saya mungkin saja meninggalkan kunci di rumah, atau
mungkin saja tidak.
b. I could have left the keys at home.
Saya bisa saja meninggalkan kunci di rumah, tapi hal itu tidak
saya lakukan.
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EXPRESSION
SOAL
1. Tentukan apakah kalimat di bawah ini sudah benar atau salah.
Dan jika salah, tuliskan perbaikannya.
a. Aqilla tried breathing slowly, closing her eyes, and repeating
“I can do it” again and again, but she could not quiet her
heart beat, which pounded so hard she was sure Tamara
could hear it clearly.
b. Bram checked behind the closet, in the laundry basket, and
looked under the bed, but still could not find his new pair of
jeans.
JAWABAN
1. Tentukan apakah kalimat di bawah ini sudah benar atau salah.
Dan jika salah, tuliskan perbaikannya.
a. Aqilla tried breathing slowly, closing her eyes, and repeating
“I can do it” again and again, but she could not quiet her
heart beat, which pounded so hard she was sure Tamara
could hear it clearly.
SUDAH BENAR
b. Bram checked behind the closet, in the laundry basket, and
looked under the bed, but still could not find his new pair of
jeans.
SALAH, LOOKED SEHARUSNYA DIHILANGKAN. Kenapa?
Karena sudah ada kata checked yang menjelaskan
behind the closet, the laundry basket, dan under the
bed, tidak perlu lagi kata looked.
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BRITISH VS AMERICAN
SOAL
1. That was really _____. No one else could do it. Awesome!
b. Bad
c. Sick
d. Terrible
e. Lame
JAWABAN
1. B. Sick
Sick merupakan American slang yang artinya “hebat”. Dari
konteks kalimat dapat dilihat bahwa maksud yang disampaikan
adalah betapa hebatnya/awesome (karena orang lain tidak bisa
melakukannya).
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OTHER COOL STUFF
SOAL
2. X: I am sorry.
Y: You are never sorry.
X: No I’m serious. _____.
a. I am really sorry
b. I really am sorry
c. I am I am!
d. Yea of course
3. What’s the difference between:
a. She’s interested
She’s interesting
b. I told you not to fall in love with me
I told you to not fall in love with me
4. What’s the difference between:
a. Did you do your homework?
Have you done your homework?
b. I have a lot of foods
I have a lot of food
c. You’re going to marry him? You must be joking.
You’re going to marry him? You’re joking.
5. What is the difference between:
a. Good’s good
Good goods
b. For me, Dad is the richest man in the world now
To me, Dad is the richest man in the world now
c. In my brain, there is this one thing
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In my mind, there is this one thing
d. Black hair
Black haired
e. That pattern is unnatural
That pattern is not natural
f. I always went to see you everyday
I always go to see you everyday
g. I’ll miss you
I’ll be missing you
6. Explain these jokes if you get them.
a. Why are apostrophes terrible to date?
b. Why do words, phrases and punctuation keep ending up in
court?
c. Why do writers constantly feel cold?
d. A man wanting to borrow another man's newspaper asks,
"Are you finishe(d)?"
The other man replies, "No, I'm Norwegian."
e. I was arrested at the airport. Just because I was greeting my
cousin Jack!
All that I said was "Hi Jack", but very loudly.
f. One day an English grammar teacher was looking ill.
A student asked, "What's the matter?"
"Tense," answered the teacher, describing how he felt.
The student paused, then continued, "What was the matter?
What has been the matter? What might have been the
matter?"
g. A plain Indonesian guy bumped into a tourist. He said, “I’m
sorry.”
The tourist replied, “I’m sorry, too.”
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He replied again, “I’m sorry three.”
The tourist got confused, “What are you sorry for?”
And he was like, “I’m sorry… Five?”
7. Explain this sentence:
They think that they know that they know what you’re talking
about. But actually they know that we know that they know that
they don’t know what we’re talking about, you know?
8. Temukan kesalahan dalam kalimat berikut:
a. Factor analysis is used to discover how many abilities are
involve in intelligence test performance.
b. My husband and father-in-law are like, they have the same
laugh.
c. We’ll start moving in next week.
d. The counterpart of a negative electorns is the positive
proton.
e. The speed of light is faster the speed of sound.
f. I can explain farther if you’d like to listen.
g. I’m so embarrased everytime he passes by.
h. Sweet dream, Honey..
9. Temukan kesalahan pada kalimat berikut
a. I’m boring. Let’s go to the movie.
b. I know I made a lot of mistakes in the past, Dad. But I’m
changed now.
c. She can run fastly.
d. I’m so tired of walking. I don’t think I can go any further.
e. You look pale. You should lay down on this sofa.
10. Which of these sentences are/is grammatically and wrong in
meaning? Tell me why:
a. Emma Watson is a famous actor
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b. If you’re that brave, be a gentleman and come here
JAWABAN
1. B. I really am sorry
Yang membingungkan tentunya jawaban a dan b.
I really am sorry digunakan untuk menunjukkan I am definitely
sorry (aku bersungguh-sungguh, aku minta maaf). Sedangkan I
am really sorry digunakan untuk menunjukkan I am very sorry
(rasa maafku dalam sekali).
2. What’s the difference between:
a. She’s interested
Dia tertarik (Past Participle)
She’s interesting
Dia menarik (Present Participle)
b. Perbedaan sebenarnya sangat tipis. Not to dan to not punya
makna yang sama. Namun to not memiliki makna poetic dan
sedikit lebih menekankan maksud kita daripada not to. Selain
itu, not to juga lebih umum digunakan krn aturannya adalah
hindari pemisahan infinitive (kata to) dengan kata kerja (yaitu
love, pada kalimat ini).
Not to: not menjelaskan to dan kata-kata setelahnya
To not: to menjelaskan not dan kata-kata setelahnya
Jadi:
I told you not to fall in love with me My instruction is
not this: fall in love with me. Bisa saja maksudnya “I
told you not to fall in love with me, but you may like
me. (Boleh sukai aku, tapi jangan jatuh cinta padaku.)
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I told you to not fall in love with me My instruction is
this: don’t fall in love with me. Maksudnya hanya
pasti “Jangan jatuh cinta padaku.”
3. What’s the difference between:
a. Did you do your homework?
Apakah kau mengerjakan PR-mu (bertanya apa di masa
lampau dia mengerjakan PR. Tidak bertanya sudah
selesai apa belum)
Have you done your homework?
Apa PR-mu sudah selesai (bertanya apakah saat ini PR-
nya sudah selesai.
b. And, what’s the difference between:
I have a lot of foods
Aku punya beberapa jenis makanan (kelompok makanan)
Misalnya: I have a lot of foods. I have noodles, meat,
vegetables, etc.
I have a lot of food
Aku punya makanan dalam jumlah banyak (makanan
secara umum). Misalnya: I have a lot of food. I can’t eat it
all by myself.
c. Pada kalimat di atas, keduanya tidak berbeda. Namun pada
kasus tertentu kita tidak bisa asal menggunakan to be dan
must be:
You must be mengandung makna “penebakan” yang
kemungkinan besar benar. Karena artinya adalah “Kau
pasti …”. Kalimat ini digunakan saat kita terkejut, excited,
atau serasa tidak percaya pada yang disampaikan oleh
lawan bicara.
You are mengandung makna “pernyataan”. Karena
artinya adalah “Kau adalah ...”. Tidak mengandung
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perasaan excited seperti you must be (joking), namun
bisa untuk menyatakan rasa tidak percaya.
Contohnya:
You must be Hiro! I’ve heard so much about you from
your brother. (excited) ga bisa pake you are Hiro!
She’s just joking. Don’t pay attention to her. ga bisa
pake she must be joking
You own a BMW car?! You must be joking! But, can I get
a ride? XD bukan you’re, krn bermakna excitement
You own a BMW car? You’re joking. You’re not that rich
to even buy a scooter bisa pake you must be.
4.
a. Good’s good: Baik itu baik (good is good) adjective + is +
adjective
Good goods: Barang-barang bagus (goods: barang-barang)
adjective + noun (membentuk noun phrase)
b. For me: Untuk saya (me menjadi sebab Dad menjadi the
richest man)
To me: Bagi saya (menurut saya)
Contoh lain:
I did this for you aku melakukan ini untukmu
I did this to you aku melakukan ini padamu
c. In my brain: Di dalam otak saya ada sesuatu (misalnya ada
peluru nyangkut di otak)
In my mind: Di dalam pikiran saya ada sesuatu (misalnya
pendapat, hal yang mengganjal)
Jadi, brain adalah tempatnya otak. Semua orang punya brain
tapi tidak semua punya healthy mind.
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d. Black hair: Rambut yang hitam
Hair sebagai noun, black sebagai adjective. Keduanya
membentuk sebuah adjective phrase.
She has black hair
Black haired: Berambut hitam
Keduanya membentuk past-participle yang dapat
digunakan dalam kalimat berikut:
She is black-haired, atau I saw a black-haired girl.
e. Unnatural: menjadi sifat sesuatu
Sudah sifat pattern tersebut unnatural.
Not natural: tidak menjadi sifat sesuatu
Bisa jadi pattern tersebut natural, namun saat kalimat
disampaikan, pattern-nya sedang unnatural.
f. I always went to see you every day
I always go to see you every day
Everyday: kata sifat, artinya setiap hari. Contoh: Learning
English is my everyday activity (kegiatanku setiap harinya)
Every day: kata keterangan (adverb). Contoh: I learn English
every day (belajar setiap hari)
g. Difference between
I’ll miss you: Aku akan merindukanmu. And that’s it.
I’ll be missing you: Aku akan merindukanmu dan kerinduanku
akan terus berlanjut (progressing)
Jadi, I’ll be missing you lebih puitis daripada I’ll miss you.
Hehe..
5. Explain these jokes if you get them.
a. Why are apostrophes terrible to date?
Kenapa apostrof (‘) itu adalah pasangan yang
mengerikan? Karena mereka terlalu posesif (tanda
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apostrof menjalankan fungsi kasus kepunyaan, alias
possessive case).
b. Why do words, phrases and punctuation keep ending up in
court?
To be sentenced berarti:
- Dibuat menjadi kalimat (kata-kata, frasa dan tanda
baca membentuk kalimat)
- Divonis/ dijatuhi hukuman (misal sentenced to death:
dijatuhi hukuman mati)
c. Why do writers constantly feel cold?
Because they’re surrounded by drafts (angin). Draft bisa
berarti konsep (tulisan) atau angin (terasa dingin tertiup
angin).
d. A man wanting to borrow another man's newspaper asks,
"Are you finishe(d)?"
The other man replies, "No, I'm Norwegian."
Finished bisa berarti selesai, atau Finnish (bahasa
Finlandia). Makanya, the other man replies, “Bukan, saya
Norwegia.”
e. I was arrested at the airport. Just because I was greeting my
cousin Jack!
All that I said was "Hi Jack", but very loudly.
Hi, Jack berarti -> Halo, Jack!
Tapi, hijack juga berarti “membajak” (seperti bajak
pesawat) atau “merampok”.
f. One day an English grammar teacher was looking ill.
A student asked, "What's the matter?"
"Tense," answered the teacher, describing how he felt.
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The student paused, then continued, "What was the matter?
What has been the matter? What might have been the
matter?"
Tense punya dua arti, “gugup” (what exactly happened to
the teacher) dan “Tenses” (materi yang kita pelajari di
Grammar).
g. A plain Indonesian guy bumped into a tourist. He said, “I’m
sorry.”
The tourist replied, “I’m sorry, too.”
He replied again, “I’m sorry three.”
The tourist got confused, “What are you sorry for?”
And he was like, “I’m sorry… Five?”
I’m sorry too yang didengar org Indonesian guy itu
adalah diartikannya “I am sorry two.” Dan What are you
sorry for diartikannya “I am sorry four.” Makanya dia
membalas three, five.
6. Explain this sentence:
They think that they know that they know what you’re talking
about. But actually they know that we know that they know that
they don’t know what we’re talking about, you know?
Okay, this is a bit hard (to read and write). Artinya begini:
Mereka pikir (they think) mereka tahu (that they know)
bahwa mereka tahu (that they know) apa yang
kaubicarakan (what you’re talking about). Tapi,
sebenarnya (but actually), mereka tahu (they know)
bahwa kita tahu (that we know) bahwa mereka tahu (that
they know) bahwa mereka tidak tahu (that they don’t
know) apa yang kita bicarakan (what we’re talking about),
ngerti kan (you know)?
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7. Perbaiki Kesalahan
a. Factor analysis is used to discover how many abilities are
involved in intelligence test performance.
Kalimat di atas menggunakan struktur kalimat pasif (harus
dalam bentuk kata kerja ketiga)
b. My husband and father-in-law are alike, they have the same
laugh.
Susunan yang benar adalah:
Alike: S1 and S2 are ALIKE
Like: S1 is LIKE S2
c. Sudah benar
Moving in: pindah ke (rumah/apartemen/tempat tinggal
baru)
d. The counterpart of a negative electorn is the positive proton.
Artilcle a hanya untuk benda tunggal. Jika diubah semua
menjadi jamak, kalimat tersebut menjadi:
The counterparts of negative electrons are the positive
protons.
e. The speed of light is faster than the speed of sound.
Jika diubah menjadi is as fast as, struktur kalimatnya masih
benar secara grammar, tapi tidak benar secara Fisika
(maknanya). Karena kecepatan cahaya jauh lebih cepat
daripada kecepatan suara.
f. I can explain further if you’d like to listen.
Farther: lebih secara konkret, misalnya jarak
Further: lebih secara abstrak, misalnya penjelasan
(explanations)
g. I’m so embarrassed everytime he passes by.
Mispronounced: embarrassed
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h. Sweet dreams, Honey
Sweet dream: sebuah mimpi yang indah. Contohnya: Have a
sweet/nice dream, Honey.
Sweet dreams: ungkapan yang artinya “Mimpi indah, ya!”
8. I’m bored. Let’s go to the movie.
a. Boring: membosankan
Bored: bosan
b. I know I made a lot of mistakes in the past, Dad. But I’ve
changed now.
c. I’m changed: saya sudah diubah (Passive Voice)
I’ve changed: saya sudah berubah (Present Perfect)
d. She can run fast.
There is not fastly in English.
e. I’m so tired of walking. I don’t think I can go any farther.
Further: not physically. Contohnya further information
Farther: phyisically. Contohnya distance.
e. You look pale. You should lie down on this sofa.
Lay down: give up/surrender in a war/mission
Lay down is a nonstandard form of lie down.
9.
a. Sudah benar
Actor tidak harus perempuan, karena artinya adalah orang
yang berakting. Actress hanya istilah khusus, dan boleh
digunakan.
b. If you’re that brave, be a man and come here!
Be a man: jadilah laki-laki!
Be a gentleman: jadilah laki-laki yang baik (ramah)