tran formation kampu ng kota

7/23/2019 Tran Formation Kampu Ng Kota

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THE TRANSFORMATION OFTHE TRANSFORMATION OF

KAMPUNGKOTAKAMPUNGKOTA: SYMBIOSYS: SYMBIOSYSBETWEENBETWEEN KAMPUNGKAMPUNG ANDAND

KOTAKOTA,,

A Case Study from JaartaA Case Study from Jaarta

Antony SihombingAntony Sihombing

Department of ArchitectureDepartment of ArchitectureUniversity of Indonesia, JAKARTAUniversity of Indonesia, JAKARTA



BAC!"RO#NDBAC!"RO#ND

• 60% of Jakarta’s citizens lived in the

kampung s.

•

Jakarta government is trying to bring orderto the kampung s, and 30% of them had

been restructured by 2000.

• n Jakarta, there are more than 600

settlements or areas named kampung.



INTROD#CTIONINTROD#CTION• Kampung is an unstructured, unorganized

and informal settlement in relation to thebroader socio-economic system. It can also

be realized as a settlement in an urban area

without infrastructure, planning or urbaneconomic networking.

• Kota has three meanings: first, kota as an

urban, city or town; second, kota as a city’scentre down town!; third kota as a negara or

go"ernment system.



JA!ARTA: JA!ARTA:

From Tu$u to Mo%asFrom Tu$u to Mo%as

The eras of Jakarta:The eras of Jakarta: Tugu, Sunda Kelapa and JayakartaTugu, Sunda Kelapa and Jayakarta

Kota (Batavia 1)Kota (Batavia 1) Weltevreden and Koningsplein (Batavia II)Weltevreden and Koningsplein (Batavia II) MonasMonas and Independene S!uareand Independene S!uare

TuguTugu or "onu"ent is the representationor "onu"ent is the representationof a ne# kingdo" or ruler in Javaneseof a ne# kingdo" or ruler in Javaneseivili$ation% It is also a sy"&ol ofivili$ation% It is also a sy"&ol of&ureauray in Indonesian govern"ent&ureauray in Indonesian govern"ent

fro" the 'uth olonial era up to thefro" the 'uth olonial era up to thepresent%present%



Tu$u, Su%da !e&a'a a%dTu$u, Su%da !e&a'a a%d

Jayaarta Jayaarta

Prasasti Prasasti

TuguTugu

(a monument conveying(a monument conveying

ancient script) was excavated from a site to theancient script) was excavated from a site to thesouth of the present harbour Tanjung Prioksouth of the present harbour Tanjung Priok(north coast of Jakarta), which was built in the(north coast of Jakarta), which was built in theth century !" by #ing Purnawarman from theth century !" by #ing Purnawarman from the

Tarumanegara #ingdom$Tarumanegara #ingdom$ Jakarta%s origins as a port can be traced back toJakarta%s origins as a port can be traced back to

about the twelfth century, when there wasabout the twelfth century, when there wasmention of a town calledmention of a town called Sunda KelapaSunda Kelapa,,

TheThe JayakartaJayakarta #ingdom ruled the city#ingdom ruled the city(Jayakarta) for nearly a century until the "utch(Jayakarta) for nearly a century until the "utchmilitary came and con&uered it in ''$military came and con&uered it in ''$



!ota (Bata)*a +!ota (Bata)*a +

The "utch *ast +ndies ompany, whichThe "utch *ast +ndies ompany, which

captured the town (-unda #elapa) andcaptured the town (-unda #elapa) and

destroyed it in '', changed its namedestroyed it in '', changed its name

toto BataviaBatavia and made it the centre forand made it the centre for

the expansion of their power in thethe expansion of their power in the

*ast +ndies*ast +ndies



We&te)rede% a%d !o%*%$s'&e*%We&te)rede% a%d !o%*%$s'&e*%

(Bata)*a II(Bata)*a II "uring the coloni.ation, the "utch established"uring the coloni.ation, the "utch established

/atavia twice, first at/atavia twice, first at KotaKota, on the coast north, on the coast northof old Jakarta and then in the surroundingof old Jakarta and then in the surroundingWeltevredenWeltevreden andand KoningspleinKoningsplein$$

WeltevredenWeltevreden andand KoningspleinKoningsplein, known as, known as 01ueen of the *ast%, had a central role and 01ueen of the *ast%, had a central role andmeaning during the second "utch colonialmeaning during the second "utch colonialperiod in the nineteenth century, after theperiod in the nineteenth century, after the/ritish period in /atavia2 they were also the/ritish period in /atavia2 they were also thesymbols of victory and power$symbols of victory and power$



MonasMonas a%d I%de'e%de%-ea%d I%de'e%de%-e

S.uareS.uare

This period was marked by the development ofThis period was marked by the development ofnational identity$ -oekarno combined twonational identity$ -oekarno combined two

important symbols of power,important symbols of power, tugutugu (monument)(monument)

andand istanaistana (palace) in one place, itself(palace) in one place, itself

symbolically to be called +ndependence -&uare$symbolically to be called +ndependence -&uare$

-ince this time,-ince this time, MonasMonas has been veryhas been very

important as a symbol of independence,important as a symbol of independence,

national unity, democracy, identity and at thenational unity, democracy, identity and at thesame time a symbol of power$same time a symbol of power$



JA!ARTA/s Sett&eme%t: JA!ARTA/s Sett&eme%t:

t0e D*1ere%-es a%d Co%2*-ts,t0e D*1ere%-es a%d Co%2*-ts,

a%d Sym3*ot*- 4*%s 3et5ee%a%d Sym3*ot*- 4*%s 3et5ee%

KampungKampung a%da%d KotaKota

The apparent contrastThe apparent contrast 3ard and soft edges3ard and soft edges -ymbiosis between-ymbiosis between kampungkampungs ands and kotakota



THE A66ARENT CONTRASTTHE A66ARENT CONTRASTApparent contrast between kampung and kota

Kampung Kota

S p a c e a n d p l a c e Low-rise (on earth) settlement

Tiny spaces

Dense low-rise settlementFine grain

DiversitySoft space

Public

igh rise (on s!y) settlementLarge spaces

Dense high-rise settlement"oarse grain

#niformity$monotonyard (enclosed% rigid and walled) space

Private

L e g a l

&a'ority illegal (uncertified)#nprotected

nsecurenclusive no barriers% and unfenced

#nplanned and unregulatednformal and uncontrolled

#nrecogni*able boundaries

+ll legal (certified)Protected

Secure,clusive gated and fenced

Planned and regulatedFormal and controlled

.ecogni*able boundaries

S t r u c t u r e /o bureaucracy

Democratic

/on-government% RT and RW Society leaders

0ureaucracyTop-down power

1overnment

DPRD



THE A66ARENT CONTRAST (7THE A66ARENT CONTRAST (7!!

S o c i o - c u l t u r a l

"ommunitySelf-management of crisis

ori*ontal conflicts+daptable

Tribal

(ndividualismTop-down management of crisis

2ertical conflicts(nadaptable

&ulti-ethnic or multi-cultural

& u l t i p l i c i t y

&ultiple use of buildings

&ultiple 'obs

Single use of buildings

Single 'obs

& o d e r n i *

a t i o n

a n d g l o b a l i * a t i o n

Kampung and slums

Traditional

Local&utual self-help

&etropolitan

&odern

1lobal#rban management



HARD AND SOFT ED"ESHARD AND SOFT ED"ESRe-examination of contrast between kampung and kota

Kampungkota

Kampung +mbiguity of differences of images between kampung

and kota Kota

S p a c e

a n d

p l a c e

Tiny space

Fine grain

Public

Low-rise (on earth)

settlement

Dense (low-rise)

Diversity

Soft space

igh-rise (on s!y)

settlement

Dense (high-rise)

#niformity$

monotony

ard space

Large space

"oarse$massive grain

Private

L e g a l

&a'ority illegal

(uncertified)

#nprotected

#nplanned and

unregulated

nformal and uncontrolled

#nrecogni*able

boundaries

nsecure

nclusive no barriers% and

unfenced

Secure

,clusive gated and

fenced

+ll legal (certified)

Protected

Planned and regulated

Formal and controlled

.ecogni*able boundaries



HARD AND SOFT ED"ESHARD AND SOFT ED"ES

S t r u c t u r

e

/o bureaucracy

/on-government ( RT and RW )

Society leaders

Democratic Top-down power0ureaucracy

1overnment

DPRD (ProvincialLegislative +ssembly)

S o

c i o - c u l t u r a l

"ommunitySelf-management of crisis

+daptableTribal

ori*ontal conflicts 2ertical conflicts

ndividualismTop-down management ofcrisis

nadaptable&ulti-ethnic or multi-

cultural

& u l t i p l i c i t y

&ultiple 'obs

&ultiple use of building Single use of building

Single 'ob

& o d e r n i * a t i o n

a n d

g l o b a l i * a t i o n

Kampung and slums

Local&utual self-help

Traditional &odern&etropolitan

1lobal#rban management



SYMBIOSIS BETWEENSYMBIOSIS BETWEEN

KAMPUNGSKAMPUNGS ANDAND KOTAKOTA

KampungKampung residents need jobs andresidents need jobs and kampungskampungs have no ade&uate provision for this, whilehave no ade&uate provision for this, while kotakota has$has$ KotaKota needsneeds kampungskampungs for its workforcefor its workforce

and it does not provide this, whileand it does not provide this, while kampungskampungs do$do$ KotaKota needs an informal sector (needs an informal sector (warungswarungs),),

whilewhile kampungskampungs needneed kotakota for jobfor job

opportunities$opportunities$

Jakarta%s urban development depends inJakarta%s urban development depends invarious ways onvarious ways on kotanizationkotanization ofof kampungkampungs ands and

alsoalso kampungizationkampungization ofof kota.kota.



CONC4#SIONSCONC4#SIONS

Jakarta consists of differences2 formal andJakarta consists of differences2 formal and

informal, modern and traditional, rich and poor,informal, modern and traditional, rich and poor,andand kotakota andand kampungskampungs$$

The images ofThe images of kampungskampungs andand kotakota discusseddiscussed

above demonstrate that although the imagesabove demonstrate that although the imageseach holds of itself and of the other areeach holds of itself and of the other are

different, they are ambiguous, blurred,different, they are ambiguous, blurred,

ambivalent, or slippery$ambivalent, or slippery$ The transformation of Jakarta urban form isThe transformation of Jakarta urban form is

symbiosis betweensymbiosis between kampungkampung andand kotakota



60oto$ra'0s of !am'u%$s60oto$ra'0s of !am'u%$s



THAN! YO#THAN! YO#

!4T546 -+357/+48!4T546 -+357/+48

a$sihombing9eng$ui$ac$ida$sihombing9eng$ui$ac$id"epartment of !rchitecture"epartment of !rchitecture

:niversity of +ndonesia:niversity of +ndonesia

mailto:[email protected]



tran formation kampu ng kota

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