TRAINING OF TRAINERS TRAINING OF TRAINERS GURU PEMANDU MGMP SMAGURU PEMANDU MGMP SMA

MAPEL BAHASA INGGRISMAPEL BAHASA INGGRIS

Lembaga Penjamin Mutu PendidikanLembaga Penjamin Mutu Pendidikan

(LPMP)(LPMP)

Jawa TengahJawa Tengah

Semarang, 24 – 25 Oktober 2007

Let me introduce myselfLet me introduce myself Rudi Hartono, S.S., M.Pd.Rudi Hartono, S.S., M.Pd. Tasikmalaya,September 7, 1969Tasikmalaya,September 7, 1969 S-1 (English Linguistics-UNPAD S-1 (English Linguistics-UNPAD

Bandung)Bandung) S-2 (English Education-UPI Bandung)S-2 (English Education-UPI Bandung) S3 (Linguistics: Translation Studies-S3 (Linguistics: Translation Studies-

UNS/On going)UNS/On going) English Lecturer of UNNES SemarangEnglish Lecturer of UNNES Semarang English Textbook WriterEnglish Textbook Writer One Wife and Two ChildrenOne Wife and Two Children Teaching & TravelingTeaching & Traveling E-mail: rudi_fbsunnes@yahoo.comE-mail: rudi_fbsunnes@yahoo.com

PENDALAMAN MATERIPENDALAMAN MATERI

1.1. TEXT TYPESTEXT TYPESa. Listeninga. Listeningb. Speakingb. Speakingc. Readingc. Readingd. Writingd. Writing

2.2. LANGUAGE FUNCTIONSLANGUAGE FUNCTIONSa. Listeninga. Listeningb. Speakingb. Speakingc. Readingc. Readingd. Writingd. Writing

TEXT TYPESTEXT TYPES

Grade X (Smt 1)Grade X (Smt 1)1. Recount1. Recount2. Narrative2. Narrative3. Procedure3. Procedure

Grade XI (Smt 1)Grade XI (Smt 1)1. Report1. Report2. Narrative2. Narrative3. Analytical 3. Analytical ExpositionExposition

Grade XII (Smt 1)Grade XII (Smt 1)1. Narrative1. Narrative2. Explanation2. Explanation3. Discussion3. Discussion

Grade X (Smt 2)Grade X (Smt 2)1. Narrative1. Narrative2. Descriptive2. Descriptive3. News Item3. News Item

Grade XI (Smt 2)Grade XI (Smt 2)1. Narrative1. Narrative2. Spoof2. Spoof3. Hortatory 3. Hortatory ExpositionExposition

Grade XII (Smt 2)Grade XII (Smt 2)1. Narrative1. Narrative2. Review2. Review

Additional Lesson Additional Lesson Materials for Language Materials for Language ProgramProgram Grade XI (Smt 1)Grade XI (Smt 1)

1. Public Speaking: 1. Public Speaking: Master of CeremonyMaster of Ceremony

2. Show Presenter 2. Show Presenter (Host)(Host)

3. News Reader3. News Reader

Grade XII (Smt 1)Grade XII (Smt 1)1. Public Speaking: 1. Public Speaking: SpeechSpeech2. Debate2. Debate3. Presentation3. Presentation

Grade XI (Smt 2)Grade XI (Smt 2)1. English song1. English song2. English 2. English Contemporary Contemporary

poetrypoetry3. Film3. Film4. Contemporary Drama4. Contemporary Drama5. Novel5. Novel6. Figurative Languages6. Figurative Languages

Grade XII (Smt 2)Grade XII (Smt 2)1. English song1. English song2. Contemporary Poetry2. Contemporary Poetry3. Film3. Film4. Contemporary Drama4. Contemporary Drama

LANGUAGE FUNCTIONSLANGUAGE FUNCTIONS(Grade X Semester 1)(Grade X Semester 1)

Self introductionSelf introduction Introducing othersIntroducing others GreetingsGreetings InvitationInvitation AppointmentAppointment Expressing happinessExpressing happiness SympathySympathy Giving instructionsGiving instructions

LANGUAGE FUNCTIONSLANGUAGE FUNCTIONS(Grade X Semester 2)(Grade X Semester 2)

ThankingThanking AppreciatingAppreciating CongratulatingCongratulating SurprisingSurprising UnbelievingUnbelieving

LANGUAGE FUNCTIONSLANGUAGE FUNCTIONS(Grade XI Semester 1)(Grade XI Semester 1)

Asking comments/opinionsAsking comments/opinions Giving comments/opinionsGiving comments/opinions Expressing satisfactionsExpressing satisfactions Expressing dissatisfactionsExpressing dissatisfactions Giving adviceGiving advice WarningWarning Expressing relief, pain, Expressing relief, pain,

and pleasureand pleasure

LANGUAGE FUNCTIONSLANGUAGE FUNCTIONS(Grade XI Semester 2)(Grade XI Semester 2)

ScoldingScolding Expressing Annoyance Expressing Annoyance Expressing Anger Expressing Anger Asking for and OfferingAsking for and Offering

Suggestions Suggestions Asking for and Offering Asking for and Offering

RecommendationsRecommendations

LANGUAGE FUNCTIONSLANGUAGE FUNCTIONS(Grade XII Semester 1)(Grade XII Semester 1)

AccusingAccusing

RegrettingRegretting

Asking and Offering Asking and Offering

a Promisea Promise

Asking and Expressing Asking and Expressing

Wants, Hopes Wants, Hopes

and Wishesand Wishes

LANGUAGE FUNCTIONSLANGUAGE FUNCTIONS(Grade XII Semester 2)(Grade XII Semester 2)

Asking PlansAsking PlansAsking PurposesAsking PurposesPredicting Predicting SpeculatingSpeculatingCriticizingCriticizingPersuadingPersuadingEncouragingEncouragingProhibitingProhibiting

FORMS OF DIALOGFORMS OF DIALOG

Transactional dialogTransactional dialog Interpersonal dialogInterpersonal dialog

TRANSACTIONAL DIALOGTRANSACTIONAL DIALOG

Andy : Ben, did you buy any ice cream?

Benny : No. I only bought some bread, milk, and an apple.

Andy : Oh, okay. I’ll buy the ice cream

then.

Interpersonal DialogInterpersonal Dialog

A: Hi, Ben. How are you?A: Hi, Ben. How are you?B: Not bad. Thanks. And yourself?B: Not bad. Thanks. And yourself?A: Fine, thanks.A: Fine, thanks.B: Good weather, isn’t it?B: Good weather, isn’t it?A: Yes, … better than last week.A: Yes, … better than last week.B: I know. That was terrible, don’t you think?B: I know. That was terrible, don’t you think?A: Indeed. I had never seen such heavy rain in my life.A: Indeed. I had never seen such heavy rain in my life.B: Neither had I.B: Neither had I.A: It was pouring!A: It was pouring!B: It was, isn’t it?B: It was, isn’t it?A: The winds blew trees down. One of those trees fell A: The winds blew trees down. One of those trees fell

on my neighbor’s car.on my neighbor’s car.B: That’s too bad.B: That’s too bad.A: Yeah. Now if you’ll excuse me, I’ve got a class to A: Yeah. Now if you’ll excuse me, I’ve got a class to

attend. See you.attend. See you.B: See you. Bye.B: See you. Bye.

GreetingsGreetingsDialog 1:Dialog 1: AnnyAnny : Hi, Dave.: Hi, Dave. DavidDavid : Hello, Ann.: Hello, Ann. AnnyAnny : How are you today?: How are you today? DavidDavid : Fine thanks. How is everything?: Fine thanks. How is everything? AnnyAnny : Good, thanks : Good, thanks

Dialog 2:Dialog 2: MasdukiMasduki : Good morning, Mr. Hartono?: Good morning, Mr. Hartono? Mr. HartonoMr. Hartono : Good morning.: Good morning. MasdukiMasduki : How are you this morning?: How are you this morning? Mr. HartonoMr. Hartono : Just fine, thank you.: Just fine, thank you.

Introducing peopleIntroducing people

FredFred : Tom, this is my brother, Ronald.: Tom, this is my brother, Ronald. TomTom : Hello.: Hello. RonaldRonald : Nice to meet you.: Nice to meet you. TomTom : Nice meeting you, too.: Nice meeting you, too. DiniDini : Excuse me, are you Helen Smith?: Excuse me, are you Helen Smith? HelenHelen : That’s right.: That’s right. BillBill : Excuse me, are you Frederick?: Excuse me, are you Frederick? HilmiHilmi : No, I am not. I’m Nur Hilmi.: No, I am not. I’m Nur Hilmi.

Inviting SomeoneInviting Someone ToniToni : : Jaka, are you free on Sunday morning?Jaka, are you free on Sunday morning? JakaJaka : : Yes, Toni. I have nothing to do.Yes, Toni. I have nothing to do. TotoToto : : “I was wondering if you’d like to come to a “I was wondering if you’d like to come to a forum meeting to celebrate the Earth Day.forum meeting to celebrate the Earth Day. JakaJaka : : Sounds great. Sounds great. TotoToto : : And after the meeting we are going to And after the meeting we are going to

save our earth.save our earth. JakaJaka : : What do you mean, Toto?What do you mean, Toto? TotoToto :: Just picking up the rubbish, cleaning the Just picking up the rubbish, cleaning the

wastes and other litters.wastes and other litters. JakaJaka : : That’s a very useful thing to do. That’s a very useful thing to do.

That’s OK.That’s OK.

Satisfaction and DissatisfactionSatisfaction and Dissatisfaction FeraFera : Morning, Tuti: Morning, Tuti TutiTuti : Morning, Fera.: Morning, Fera. FeraFera : How’s everything today?: How’s everything today? TutiTuti : It’s okay, but ….: It’s okay, but …. FeraFera : What’ the matter, Tuti. Are you not satisfied with : What’ the matter, Tuti. Are you not satisfied with

reading that story?reading that story? TutiTuti : Yeah. : Yeah. I’m a little dissatisfied with this story. The story I’m a little dissatisfied with this story. The story

makes me sleepy.makes me sleepy. FeraFera : Do you have any complaints?: Do you have any complaints? WatiWati : I don’t like the story. It is a lousy story.: I don’t like the story. It is a lousy story. FeraFera : What are you complaining about?: What are you complaining about? WatiWati : I’m a bit disappointed with the main character of the : I’m a bit disappointed with the main character of the

story.story. The story is also a sad ending story.The story is also a sad ending story. FeraFera : Oh, I see.: Oh, I see.

But don’t worry, Wati. Be happy please. It’s just a But don’t worry, Wati. Be happy please. It’s just a story.story.

You can read other stories that can make you happy.You can read other stories that can make you happy. WatiWati : Yes, that’s good idea. Thanks for your suggestion, : Yes, that’s good idea. Thanks for your suggestion,

Fera.Fera. FeraFera : You’re welcome. By the way, I must go now, Wati: You’re welcome. By the way, I must go now, Wati See you tomorrow at school.See you tomorrow at school. WatiWati : See you. : See you.

Asking and Giving CommentsAsking and Giving Comments RudiRudi : Jimmy, have you heard about our school’s plan to ban the cellular : Jimmy, have you heard about our school’s plan to ban the cellular

phones phones in the school?in the school?

JimmyJimmy : Yeah…: Yeah… RudiRudi : What do you think about it?: What do you think about it? JimmyJimmy : Well, I think that’s fair enough. I agree with banning it.: Well, I think that’s fair enough. I agree with banning it. RudiRudi : Why do you think so?: Why do you think so? JimmyJimmy : You see, cellular phone has caused so much trouble in our class. : You see, cellular phone has caused so much trouble in our class.

Remember yesterday’s English class? Our teacher got very angry Remember yesterday’s English class? Our teacher got very angry because he was because he was

interrupted by cellular phone’s ringing many times. This may happen interrupted by cellular phone’s ringing many times. This may happen again and again and

again.again. RudiRudi : Oh, that’s terrible.: Oh, that’s terrible. JimmyJimmy : Another thing is cellular phone has caused bad effects,: Another thing is cellular phone has caused bad effects,

Students send SMS only for dating and gossiping their friends. Students send SMS only for dating and gossiping their friends. They often keep forbidden photos.They often keep forbidden photos.

RudiRudi : What do you mean?: What do you mean? JimmyJimmy : You know… some of them see the pornography on the cellular : You know… some of them see the pornography on the cellular

phone display phone display downloaded from internet. downloaded from internet.

RudiRudi : Oh, that’s too bad.: Oh, that’s too bad. JimmyJimmy : So, it’s a good idea if the school doesn’t allow students to use their : So, it’s a good idea if the school doesn’t allow students to use their

hand phone in hand phone in the school.the school.

RudiRudi : Your comments have been very helpful.: Your comments have been very helpful. JimmyJimmy : Thanks.: Thanks.

Predicting and SpeculatingPredicting and Speculating

AndiAndi : Hi, Susi.: Hi, Susi.SusiSusi : Hello, Andi.: Hello, Andi.AndiAndi : Susi, do you feel that the wind blows fast.: Susi, do you feel that the wind blows fast.SusiSusi : Yes, I do. And it’s too cold today.: Yes, I do. And it’s too cold today.AndiAndi : I was predicted that a big storm will come.: I was predicted that a big storm will come.SusiSusi : How do you know that?: How do you know that?AndiAndi : I heard the forecast from the radio. The scientist predicted that : I heard the forecast from the radio. The scientist predicted that

the the weather would turn next month.weather would turn next month.SusiSusi : What does it mean?: What does it mean?AndiAndi : The following month our country would be in the bad weather.: The following month our country would be in the bad weather.SusiSusi : Really? Or it is just a speculation, Andi.: Really? Or it is just a speculation, Andi.AndiAndi : I do not know exactly. It is not a speculation I think, because : I do not know exactly. It is not a speculation I think, because

they they did a research how to predict the weather. And it is not a did a research how to predict the weather. And it is not a speculation because all give logic reasons.speculation because all give logic reasons.SusiSusi : But I don’t believe it.: But I don’t believe it.AndiAndi : Yes, it depends on. By the way, I must go now. Bye, Susi.: Yes, it depends on. By the way, I must go now. Bye, Susi.SusiSusi : Bye, Andi, See you later.: Bye, Andi, See you later.

ListeningListening Transactional Dialog (Recorded):Transactional Dialog (Recorded):

AndyAndy : Ben, did you buy any ice cream?: Ben, did you buy any ice cream?BennyBenny : No. I only bought some bread, milk, and an apple.: No. I only bought some bread, milk, and an apple.AndyAndy : Oh, okay. I’ll buy the ice cream then.: Oh, okay. I’ll buy the ice cream then.

What did Benny buy?What did Benny buy?

A. A. C.C.

B.B. D.D.

Listening (Transactional Listening (Transactional Dialog)Dialog) A: How was the party?A: How was the party? B: Great!B: Great! A: How many people were there?A: How many people were there? B: About fifty, I think.B: About fifty, I think.

How many people were atHow many people were at

The party?The party?

A.A. 2020 C. 40C. 40

B.B. 3030 D. 50D. 50

Listening (Transactional Dialog)Listening (Transactional Dialog)

A: I made the appointment to A: I made the appointment to see the doctor.see the doctor.

B: And what time is that?B: And what time is that? A: It’s ten thirty?A: It’s ten thirty? B: What time is it now?B: What time is it now? A: It’s ten minutes past ten.A: It’s ten minutes past ten.

What time is the appointment?What time is the appointment?A.A. 10.1010.10 CC. 10.20. 10.20B.B. 10.1510.15 DD. 10.30. 10.30

ListeningListeningInterpersonal Dialog (Recorded):Interpersonal Dialog (Recorded):A: Hi, Ben. How are you?A: Hi, Ben. How are you?B: Not bad. Thanks. And yourself?B: Not bad. Thanks. And yourself?A: Fine, thanks.A: Fine, thanks.B: Good weather, isn’t it?B: Good weather, isn’t it?A: Yes, … better than last week.A: Yes, … better than last week.B: I know. That was terrible, don’t you think?B: I know. That was terrible, don’t you think?A:A: Indeed. I had never seen such heavy rain in my life.Indeed. I had never seen such heavy rain in my life.B: Neither had I.B: Neither had I.A: It was pouring!A: It was pouring!B: It was, wasn’t it?B: It was, wasn’t it?A: The winds blew trees down. One of those trees fell on my neighbor’s A: The winds blew trees down. One of those trees fell on my neighbor’s car.car.B: That’s too bad.B: That’s too bad.A: Yeah. Now if you’ll excuse me, I’ve got a class to attend. See you.A: Yeah. Now if you’ll excuse me, I’ve got a class to attend. See you.B: See you. Bye.B: See you. Bye.

This conversation is between:This conversation is between:a. Two close friendsa. Two close friends c. teacher and studentc. teacher and studentb. Two strangersb. Two strangers d. news reader and listenerd. news reader and listener

Listening (Interpersonal Dialog)Listening (Interpersonal Dialog) A: Look at that!A: Look at that! B: Cute dog.B: Cute dog. A: I like dogs. Do you?A: I like dogs. Do you? B: Not really.B: Not really. A: I have one. It’s brown.A: I have one. It’s brown. B: It is big like that.B: It is big like that. A: No. It’s small, but cute.A: No. It’s small, but cute. B: I see.B: I see.

This conversation is betweenThis conversation is betweenA.A. two close friendstwo close friendsB.B. Two strangersTwo strangersC.C. Teacher and studentTeacher and studentD.D. News reader and listenerNews reader and listener

Listening (Monolog: Descriptive)Listening (Monolog: Descriptive)Ben has a dog. Its name is Ben has a dog. Its name is Brownie. And can you guess Brownie. And can you guess what color it is? Yes, you are what color it is? Yes, you are right. It’s brown. Brownie has right. It’s brown. Brownie has black round eyes and big ears. black round eyes and big ears. It’s got thick fur especially around It’s got thick fur especially around its tail. This dog doesn’t like bones its tail. This dog doesn’t like bones or meat. Everyday, it eats rice and fried fish.or meat. Everyday, it eats rice and fried fish.

1. Brownie is the name of 1. Brownie is the name of a. doga. dog b. chocolate b. chocolate c. cake d. a guestc. cake d. a guest

2. Brownie has 2. Brownie has a. brown fura. brown fur c. brown earsc. brown ears

b. brown eyesb. brown eyes d. brown taild. brown tail

ListeningListeningMonolog Report (Dictated/Recorded)Monolog Report (Dictated/Recorded)

Snakes are reptiles. These cold-blooded creatures Snakes are reptiles. These cold-blooded creatures belong to the same group as lizards. Snakes have no belong to the same group as lizards. Snakes have no legs, but a long time ago they had claws to help them legs, but a long time ago they had claws to help them slither along. Snakes often sunbathe on rocks in the slither along. Snakes often sunbathe on rocks in the warm weather. This is because snakes are cold-blooded warm weather. This is because snakes are cold-blooded and they need the sun’s warmth to heat their body up. and they need the sun’s warmth to heat their body up. Most snakes live in the country. Some types of snakes Most snakes live in the country. Some types of snakes live in trees, some snakes live in water, but most live on live in trees, some snakes live in water, but most live on the ground in thick, long grass and in old logs.the ground in thick, long grass and in old logs.

Snakes belong to the same group asSnakes belong to the same group asa. lizarda. lizardb. crabsb. crabsc. cold-blooded creaturesc. cold-blooded creaturesd. warm-blooded animalsd. warm-blooded animals

Speaking Speaking (Transactional/Interpersonal(Transactional/Interpersonal

• Factual questions:Factual questions:What’s your first name?What’s your first name?What do you do in your spare time?What do you do in your spare time?Do you like cooking?Do you like cooking?

• Assigned dialog (in pairs)Assigned dialog (in pairs)Tati memegang buku iklan buku yang akan diobral di toko buku. Tati memegang buku iklan buku yang akan diobral di toko buku. Toni ingin tahu tentang informasi tersebut. Toni diharapkan Toni ingin tahu tentang informasi tersebut. Toni diharapkan bertanya:bertanya:Where is the bookshop? Is it closed on Sundays?Where is the bookshop? Is it closed on Sundays?What time is it open? Are there story book? etc.What time is it open? Are there story book? etc.Tati menjawab pertanyaan berdasarkan informasi yang Tati menjawab pertanyaan berdasarkan informasi yang dimilikinya.dimilikinya.

• Monolog (describing a picture/photo, retelling a story)Monolog (describing a picture/photo, retelling a story)Siswa diberi gambar sederhana, kemudian ia diminta Siswa diberi gambar sederhana, kemudian ia diminta mempresentasikan gambar tersebut dengan kata-kata. Gambar mempresentasikan gambar tersebut dengan kata-kata. Gambar tersebut bisa berupa:tersebut bisa berupa:seekor binatang, serangkaian kejadian, pemandangan, adegan di seekor binatang, serangkaian kejadian, pemandangan, adegan di sekolah, dan lain-lain.sekolah, dan lain-lain.

ReadingReading Reading TextReading Text

Snakes are reptiles. These cold-blooded creatures belong to Snakes are reptiles. These cold-blooded creatures belong to the same group as lizards. Snakes have no legs, but a long the same group as lizards. Snakes have no legs, but a long time ago they had claws to help them slither along. Snakes time ago they had claws to help them slither along. Snakes often sunbathe on rocks in the warm weather. This is because often sunbathe on rocks in the warm weather. This is because snakes are cold-blooded and they need the sun’s warmth to snakes are cold-blooded and they need the sun’s warmth to heat their body up. Most snakes live in the country. Some heat their body up. Most snakes live in the country. Some types of snakes live in tress, some snakes live in water, but types of snakes live in tress, some snakes live in water, but most live on the ground in thick, long grass and in old logs.most live on the ground in thick, long grass and in old logs.

The genre of the text isThe genre of the text isa. Descriptiona. Descriptionb. Explanationb. Explanationc. Reportc. Reportd. Expositiond. Exposition

The first sentence functions asThe first sentence functions asa. Identificationa. Identificationb. General classificationb. General classificationc. Descriptionc. Descriptiond. Introductiond. Introduction

WritingWriting

Writing short transactional texts:Writing short transactional texts:Sahabat pena Anda di London bermaksud mengunjungi Sahabat pena Anda di London bermaksud mengunjungi Anda dalam liburan mendatang. Beri petunjuk Anda dalam liburan mendatang. Beri petunjuk bagaimana ia bisa sampai di kota Anda dengan mudah.bagaimana ia bisa sampai di kota Anda dengan mudah.

Writing one of genres (e.g. recount):Writing one of genres (e.g. recount):Tadi malam listrik di daerah Anda padam. Tiba-tiba, Tadi malam listrik di daerah Anda padam. Tiba-tiba, Anda mendengar orang menggedor pintu dan Anda Anda mendengar orang menggedor pintu dan Anda ketakutan. Anda tidak mau membuka pintu sampai orang ketakutan. Anda tidak mau membuka pintu sampai orang tersebut pergi. Ceriterakan ini kepada teman Anda.tersebut pergi. Ceriterakan ini kepada teman Anda.

Short Functional TextsShort Functional Texts

Notes Notes Shopping listsShopping lists Invitation cardsInvitation cards AnnouncementsAnnouncements AdvertisementsAdvertisements Manual instructionsManual instructions EditorialsEditorials SchedulesSchedules ContentsContents Tourism informationTourism information

Dear Dewi,

On Saturday I went to Mount Bromo. I stayed at Nisa and Achmad’s house at Cemara Lawang, Probolinggo. It has a big garden with lots of colourful flowers and a fishpond.

On Sunday Nisa and I saw Gunung Batok and went on the scenic ride on horseback. It was scary. Then we went to get a closer look at the mountain. We took pictures of the beautiful sceneries there.

On Monday we went to the Zoo at Wonokromo. We saw cockatoos having a shower. In the afternoon I went home.

It was fun.

Love,

Dini

Function of TextFunction of TextTextText FunctionFunction

SpoofSpoof To retell a humorous twist

RecountRecountTo retell events for the purpose of informing or entertaining

ReportReportTo classify and describe the phenomena of our world.

Analytical Analytical ExpositionExposition

To persuade the reader or listener that something is in the case

News ItemNews Item

To inform readers, listeners or viewers about events of the day which are considered newsworthy or important

Function of TextFunction of TextTextText Function

AnecdoteAnecdoteTo share with others an account of an unusual or amusing incident

NarrativeNarrative

To amuse, entertain and to deal with actual experience in different ways, I.e. to gain and hold the reader’s interest in a story.

ProcedureProcedureTo describe how something is accomplished through a sequence of actions or steps

DescriptionDescriptionTo describe a particular person, place or thing

Hortatory Hortatory ExpositionExposition

To persuade the reader or listener that something should or should not be the case

Function of TextFunction of TextTextText FunctionFunction

ExplanationExplanation

To explain the processes involved in the formation or workings of natural or socio-cultural phenomena

DiscussionDiscussionTo present (at least) two points of view about an issue

ReviewReviewTo critique an art work or event for a public audience

CommentaryCommentary

To explain the processes involved in the formation (evolution) of a socio-cultural phenomenon, as though a natural phenomenon

Schematic Structure of Schematic Structure of RecountRecount

OrientationOrientationEvent 1Event 1Event 2Event 2Event 3Event 3Re-orientationRe-orientation

Linguistic Features of Linguistic Features of Recount TextRecount Text

Focus on specific participantFocus on specific participant Use of material processesUse of material processes Circumstances of time and placeCircumstances of time and place Use of past tenseUse of past tense Focus on temporal sequencesFocus on temporal sequences

Linguistic Features of Linguistic Features of Spoof TextSpoof Text

Focus on individual participantsFocus on individual participantsUse of action verbsUse of action verbsTemporal CircumstancesTemporal CircumstancesSpatial circumstancesSpatial circumstancesUse of past tenseUse of past tense

Schematic Structures of Schematic Structures of Spoof TextSpoof Text

OrientationOrientation : sets the scene: sets the scene Event(s)Event(s) : tells what happened : tells what happened TwistTwist : provides the ‘punch : provides the ‘punch

line’line’

Schematic Structure of ReportSchematic Structure of Report

General Classification: tells what General Classification: tells what the phenomenon under discussion the phenomenon under discussion is.is.

Description: tells what the Description: tells what the phenomenon under discussion is phenomenon under discussion is like in terms of parts (and their like in terms of parts (and their functions), qualities, habits or functions), qualities, habits or behaviors, if living; uses, if non-behaviors, if living; uses, if non-naturalnatural

Linguistic Features of Linguistic Features of Report TextReport Text

Focus on Generic Focus on Generic ParticipantsParticipants

Use Relational Use Relational ProcessesProcesses

Use of simple present Use of simple present tensetense

No temporal No temporal sequencesequence

Schematic Structure of Schematic Structure of Narrative TextNarrative Text

OrientationOrientationEvaluationEvaluationComplicationComplicationResolutionResolutionRe-orientationRe-orientation

Linguistic Features of Linguistic Features of Narrative TextNarrative Text

Focus on specific and usually Focus on specific and usually individualized participantsindividualized participants

Use of material processesUse of material processesUse of relational processesUse of relational processesUse of temporal conjunctionUse of temporal conjunctionUse of past tenseUse of past tense

Schematic Structure of Schematic Structure of ProcedureProcedure

1)1) GoalGoal

2)2) MaterialsMaterials

3)3) Step 1Step 1

4)4) Step 2Step 2

5)5) Step 3Step 3

6)6) Step 4Step 4

7)7) Step 5Step 5

Linguistic Features of Linguistic Features of ProcedureProcedure

Focus on generalized human Focus on generalized human agentsagents

Use of simple present tense, often Use of simple present tense, often imperativeimperative

Use mainly of temporal Use mainly of temporal conjunction (or numbering to conjunction (or numbering to indicate sequenceindicate sequence

Use mainly of material processesUse mainly of material processes

Schematic Structure of Schematic Structure of Descriptive TextDescriptive Text

Identification: Identification: Identifies Identifies phenomenon to be phenomenon to be describeddescribed

Description: Description: describes parts, describes parts, qualities, qualities, characteristicscharacteristics

Linguistic Features of Linguistic Features of Descriptive TextDescriptive Text

Focus on specific Focus on specific participantsparticipants

Use of attributive and Use of attributive and identifying processesidentifying processes

Frequent use of epithets and Frequent use of epithets and classifiers in nominal groupsclassifiers in nominal groups

Use of simple present tenseUse of simple present tense

Schematic Structure Schematic Structure of News Itemof News Item

Newsworthy Event(s): recounts the event in summary form

Background Events: elaborate what happened, to whom, in what circumstances

Sources: comments by participants in, witnesses to and authorities expert on the event.

Linguistic Features of a Linguistic Features of a News ItemNews Item

Short, telegraphic information about Short, telegraphic information about story captured in headlinestory captured in headline

Use of Material processes to retell Use of Material processes to retell the eventthe event

Use of projecting verbal processes in Use of projecting verbal processes in sources stagesources stage

Focus on circumstancesFocus on circumstances

Schematic Structure of Schematic Structure of Analytical ExpositionAnalytical Exposition

ThesisPosition: introduces topic and indicates writer’s positionPreview: outlines the main

ArgumentsPoint: restates main argument outlined in previewElaboration: develops and supports each point/argument

Reiteration: restates writer’s position

Linguistic Features of a Linguistic Features of a Analytical ExpositionAnalytical Exposition

Focus on generic human and non- Focus on generic human and non- human participantshuman participants

Use of simple present tenseUse of simple present tense Use of relational processesUse of relational processes Use of internal conjunction to stage Use of internal conjunction to stage

argumentargument Reasoning through causal Reasoning through causal

conjunction or nominalizationconjunction or nominalization

Schematic StructureSchematic Structure of Hortatory Exposition of Hortatory Exposition

Thesis: Thesis: announcement of announcement of issue of concernissue of concern

Arguments: reasons Arguments: reasons for concern, leading for concern, leading to recommendationto recommendation

Recommendation: Recommendation: statement of what statement of what ought or ought not to ought or ought not to happenhappen

Linguistic Features of a Linguistic Features of a Hortatory ExpositionHortatory Exposition

Focus on generic human and non- human Focus on generic human and non- human participantsparticipants

Use of simple present tenseUse of simple present tense Use of mental processes: to state what writer Use of mental processes: to state what writer

thinks or feels about issue e.g. realize, feel, thinks or feels about issue e.g. realize, feel, appreciate.appreciate.

Use of material processes: to state what Use of material processes: to state what happens e.g. drive, travel, spend, etc.happens e.g. drive, travel, spend, etc.

Use of relational processes: to state what is Use of relational processes: to state what is or should be e.g. doesn’t seem, is, are, etc.or should be e.g. doesn’t seem, is, are, etc.

Schematic Structure of Schematic Structure of Explanation TextExplanation Text

A general A general statement to statement to position the position the readerreader

A sequenced A sequenced explanation of explanation of why or how why or how something occurssomething occurs

Linguistic Features of a Linguistic Features of a Explanation TextExplanation Text

Focus on generic, non-human participantsFocus on generic, non-human participants Use mainly of material and relational Use mainly of material and relational

processesprocesses Use mainly of temporal and causal Use mainly of temporal and causal

circumstances and conjunctionscircumstances and conjunctions Use of simple present tenseUse of simple present tense Some use of passive voice to get theme rightSome use of passive voice to get theme right

Schematic Structure of Schematic Structure of DiscussionDiscussion

Issue: Issue: - Statement- Statement- Preview- Preview

Arguments for and Arguments for and against or statements against or statements of differing points of of differing points of view:view:- Point- Point- Elaboration- Elaboration

Conclusion or Conclusion or recommendationsrecommendations

Linguistic Features of a Linguistic Features of a DiscussionDiscussion

Focus on generic human and generic non-Focus on generic human and generic non-human participantshuman participants

Use of mental processes: to state what Use of mental processes: to state what writer thinks or feels about issue e.g. writer thinks or feels about issue e.g. realize, feel, appreciate, etc.realize, feel, appreciate, etc.

Use of material processes: to state what Use of material processes: to state what happens e.g. has produced, have happens e.g. has produced, have developed, to feed, etc.developed, to feed, etc.

Use of relational processes: to state what Use of relational processes: to state what is or should be e.g. is, could have, cause, is or should be e.g. is, could have, cause, are.are.

Schematic Structure of Schematic Structure of Review TextReview Text

1)1) OrientationOrientation

2)2) Interpretative Interpretative recountrecount

3)3) EvaluationEvaluation

4)4) Evaluative Evaluative summationsummation

Linguistic Features of an Linguistic Features of an Review TextReview Text

Focus on particular participants (on Focus on particular participants (on movies, TV shows, plays, operas, movies, TV shows, plays, operas, recordings, exhibitions, concerts and recordings, exhibitions, concerts and balletsballets

Direct expression of opinions through Direct expression of opinions through use of attitudinal lexisuse of attitudinal lexis

Use of elaborating and extending Use of elaborating and extending clause and group complexes to clause and group complexes to package informationpackage information

Use metaphorical languageUse metaphorical language

Recount TextRecount Text Jenis TeksJenis Teks: Laporan peristiwa atau kegiatan yang terjadi : Laporan peristiwa atau kegiatan yang terjadi

di masa lampaudi masa lampau Tujuan Komunikatif TeksTujuan Komunikatif Teks: Melaporkan peristiwa, kejadian : Melaporkan peristiwa, kejadian

atau kegiatan dengan tujuan memberitakan atau atau kegiatan dengan tujuan memberitakan atau menghiburmenghibur

Struktur TeksStruktur Teks: : PendahuluanPendahuluan (orientasi), yaitu (orientasi), yaitu memberikan informasi tentang apa, siapa, di mana dan memberikan informasi tentang apa, siapa, di mana dan kapan; kapan; LaporanLaporan (rentetan) peristiwa, kegiatan yang (rentetan) peristiwa, kegiatan yang terjadi, yang biasanya disampaikan secara berurut; terjadi, yang biasanya disampaikan secara berurut; Komentar pribadiKomentar pribadi dan/atau ungkapan penilaian (jika dan/atau ungkapan penilaian (jika ada); ada); PenutupPenutup (re-orientasi) yang merangkum rentetan (re-orientasi) yang merangkum rentetan peristiwa, kejadian atau kegiatan (jika ada)peristiwa, kejadian atau kegiatan (jika ada)

Ciri KebahasaanCiri Kebahasaan: : nouns, pronouns, action verbs, past nouns, pronouns, action verbs, past tense, conjunctions and time connectives, adverbs, tense, conjunctions and time connectives, adverbs, adverbial phrases, adjectivesadverbial phrases, adjectives

Going to ProbolinggoGoing to Probolinggo

Last week Wulan asked me to visit her house in Probolinggo. She said that if I came there, she would like to ask to visit some tourist resorts in Probolinggo.

Firstly, I went to Probolinggo by bus. At nine in the morning I arrived there. Then I directly went to Wulan’s house. After few minutes taking a rest, Wulan and I went to Mount Bromo by motorbike. On the way we saw beautiful sceneries that reminded us to the African desert.

Secondly, we went to Gunung Batok by riding on horseback. It was scary. Then we went to get a closer look at the mountain. We took pictures of the beautiful sceneries.

Thirdly, we went to the Zoo at Wonokromo. We saw many amazing animals there and one that impressed us was cockatoos having a shower.

Finally in the afternoon we went home. Then I permitted to leave for my home town. What I did in Probolinggo left me many beautiful memories.

It was a fun trip that I have had.

Report TextReport Text

Jenis TeksJenis Teks: Laporan pengamatan: Laporan pengamatan Tujuan Komunikatif TeksTujuan Komunikatif Teks: Menyampaikan : Menyampaikan

informasi tentang sesuatu, apa adanya, sebagai informasi tentang sesuatu, apa adanya, sebagai hasil pengamatan sistematis atau analisis, yang hasil pengamatan sistematis atau analisis, yang dideskripsikan dapat meliputi gejala alam, dideskripsikan dapat meliputi gejala alam, lingkungan, benda buatan manusia, atau gejala lingkungan, benda buatan manusia, atau gejala sosialsosial

Struktur TeksStruktur Teks: Pernyataan umum yang : Pernyataan umum yang menerangkan subjek laporan, keterangan, menerangkan subjek laporan, keterangan, klasifikasi; deskripsiklasifikasi; deskripsi

Ciri KebahasaanCiri Kebahasaan: : general nouns, relating verbs, general nouns, relating verbs, action verbs, present tenseaction verbs, present tense, istilah teknis, , istilah teknis, paragrap dengan paragrap dengan topic sentencetopic sentence..

Report TextReport TextThe heart is a huge organ of

muscle. The function of the heart is to pump the blood through the body. The heart is made up of four chambers, but has two hard working pumps; one is to force blood to the lungs and the other to force blood to the rest of the body.

Each person’s body contains about 4.7 liters of blood. The function of blood is to help carry food and oxygen and the other is to protect us from germs. The tubes that receive blood from the body are called veins. The blood in the veins is dark red because it is full of oxygen. The white cells act to protect the body from invading germs. The blood receives oxygen from the lungs.

Narrative TextNarrative Text

Jenis TeksJenis Teks: naratif, dongeng: naratif, dongeng Tujuan Komunikatif TeksTujuan Komunikatif Teks: Menghibur pendengar atau : Menghibur pendengar atau

pembaca dengan pengalaman nyata atau khayal. Ciri pembaca dengan pengalaman nyata atau khayal. Ciri naratif adalah adanya unsur konflik (masalah) dan naratif adalah adanya unsur konflik (masalah) dan resolusi (penyelesaian masalah). Jumlah masalah atau resolusi (penyelesaian masalah). Jumlah masalah atau penyelesaiannya mungkin hanya satu, mungkin juga penyelesaiannya mungkin hanya satu, mungkin juga lebih.lebih.

Struktur TeksStruktur Teks: Pengenalan tokoh, waktu, dan tempat; : Pengenalan tokoh, waktu, dan tempat; pengembangan konflik; penyelesaian konflik; koda: pengembangan konflik; penyelesaian konflik; koda: perubahan yang terjadi pada tokoh dan pelajaran yang perubahan yang terjadi pada tokoh dan pelajaran yang dapat dipetik dari cerita.dapat dipetik dari cerita.

Ciri KebahasaanCiri Kebahasaan: : nouns, adjectives, time connectives, nouns, adjectives, time connectives, adverbs, adverbial phrases, action verbs, saying verbs, adverbs, adverbial phrases, action verbs, saying verbs, thinking verbsthinking verbs

Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs

Once upon a time there lived a little girl named Snow White, She lived with her Aunt and Uncle because her parents were died.

One day she heard her Uncle and Aunt talking about leaving Snow White in the castle because they both wanted to go to America and they didn’t have enough money to take Snow White.

Snow White did not want her Uncle and Aunt to do this so she decided it would be best if she ran away. The next morning she ran away from home when her Aunt and Uncle were having breakfast. She ran away into the woods.

She was very tired and hungry.Then she saw this little cottage. She

knocked but no one answered so she went inside and fell asleep.

Meanwhile, the seven dwarfs were coming home from work. They went inside. There they found Snow White sleeping. Then Snow White woke up. She saw the dwarfs. The dwarfs said, “What is your name?” Snow White said, “My name is Snow White.”

Doc said, “If you wish, you may live here with us”. Snow White said, “Oh could I? Thank you.” Then Snow White told the dwarfs the whole story and Snow White and the 7 dwarfs lived happily ever after.

Orientation

Major Complicati

on

Resolution

Complication

Resolution

Complication

Major Resolution

Past Tense

Specific participant

Mental process

Relational process

Material process

Temporal Conjunction

Specific participant

Temporal Conjunction

Temporal Circumstance

Schematic Schematic StructureStructure

Linguistic Linguistic FeaturesFeatures

Procedure TextProcedure Text

Jenis TeksJenis Teks: Prosedur: ProsedurTujuan Komunikatif TeksTujuan Komunikatif Teks: Memerikan atau : Memerikan atau

memberi petunjuk cara melakukan memberi petunjuk cara melakukan sesuatu melalui serangkaian tindakan atau sesuatu melalui serangkaian tindakan atau langkahlangkah

Struktur TeksStruktur Teks: tujuan kegiatan; bahan-: tujuan kegiatan; bahan-bahan, langkah-langkahbahan, langkah-langkah

Ciri KebahasaanCiri Kebahasaan: imperatives, action : imperatives, action verbs, connectives, adverbialsverbs, connectives, adverbials

Procedure TextProcedure Text

GoalGoal : : How to Make a KiteHow to Make a Kite MaterialsMaterials : :

3 pieces of cane (2 x 60 cm; 1 x 80 cm)3 pieces of cane (2 x 60 cm; 1 x 80 cm) threadthread large sheet of strong paper (e.g. tissue)large sheet of strong paper (e.g. tissue) soft pencil, scissorssoft pencil, scissors paint and paint brushpaint and paint brush glue, strong stringglue, strong string

StepsSteps :: The frameThe frame

Dampen cane to make flexible.Dampen cane to make flexible. Carefully bend cane to desired shape, then tie securely with thread.Carefully bend cane to desired shape, then tie securely with thread.

The CoveringThe Covering Lay frame on sheet of paper.Lay frame on sheet of paper. Trace around frame with pencil.Trace around frame with pencil. Cut covering approximately 1 cm larger than outline.Cut covering approximately 1 cm larger than outline. Paint ‘bird’ or what you like on covering.Paint ‘bird’ or what you like on covering. When paint is dry, place frame on unpainted side. Now fold edges of the When paint is dry, place frame on unpainted side. Now fold edges of the

covering over the frame carefully, and glue them down.covering over the frame carefully, and glue them down. The BridleThe Bridle

Cut 3 pieces of string, each 20 cm long.Cut 3 pieces of string, each 20 cm long. Secure one end of each of string tightly to frame at the shoulders and tail of Secure one end of each of string tightly to frame at the shoulders and tail of

the ‘bird’. Then tie the other ends in a knot.the ‘bird’. Then tie the other ends in a knot.

Descriptive TextDescriptive Text

Jenis TeksJenis Teks: Deskripsi: Deskripsi Tujuan Komunikatif TeksTujuan Komunikatif Teks: Mendeskripsikan ciri-: Mendeskripsikan ciri-

ciri seseorang, benda atau tempat tertentuciri seseorang, benda atau tempat tertentu Struktur TeksStruktur Teks: Pengenalan benda, orang atau : Pengenalan benda, orang atau

sesuatu yang akan dideskripsikan; Deskripsi: sesuatu yang akan dideskripsikan; Deskripsi: menggambarkan ciri-ciri benda tersebut (berasal menggambarkan ciri-ciri benda tersebut (berasal dari mana, warnanya, ukurannya, kesukaannya, dari mana, warnanya, ukurannya, kesukaannya, dsb. dsb.

Ciri KebahasaanCiri Kebahasaan: : nouns, simple present, nouns, simple present, detailed noun phrase, classifying, relating verbs, detailed noun phrase, classifying, relating verbs, thinking verbs, action verbs, adverbials; thinking verbs, action verbs, adverbials; figurative languagesfigurative languages

Descriptive TextDescriptive Text

Spring Garden ApartmentSpring Garden Apartment

The The Spring Garden ApartmentSpring Garden Apartment Complex Complex offersoffers you and your family country living at its you and your family country living at its best.best.

Surrounded by Surrounded by beautifulbeautiful woods and hills, woods and hills, Spring Garden Spring Garden isis located ten miles outside the located ten miles outside the city but city but isis only minutes from downtown on the only minutes from downtown on the freeway. freeway.

UnfurnishedUnfurnished two-bedroom apartments two-bedroom apartments areare availableavailable. Each apartment . Each apartment hashas a dishwasher, a dishwasher, centralcentral heating, air conditioning, and a laundry heating, air conditioning, and a laundry room. Children and pets room. Children and pets areare welcome. welcome.

In addition, there In addition, there areare tennis and basketball tennis and basketball courts, two swimming pools, and a playground. courts, two swimming pools, and a playground. There are two parking spaces for each apartment.There are two parking spaces for each apartment.