ETROLO

U NA P

[TGS7404]

Dr. Hill. Gendoet Hartono

Semester 7, 2017-2018

2 SKS teori

GI BA

GI

T UAN

PENDAHULUAN 1X

Berisi tentang latarbelakang, bumi, batuan beku dan

batuan gunung api, dan kedudukan di bidang geologi

TATAAN TEKTONIK 2X

Berisi tentang tektonik global, regim tektonik, dan

peranannya dalam magmatisme dan volkanisme

GENERASI MAGMA 2X

Berisi tentang magmatisme, diagram fase

KLASIFIKASI 2X

Klasifikasi magma atau afinitas magma

Rock Forming Mineral 1X

Kimia Mineral Pembentuk Batuan 1X

Petrologi Batuan Intrusi Dangkal 2X

Petrologi Batuan Gunung Api 2X

Alterasi Batuan Gunung Api 1X

Rock-forming mineral, any mineral that forms igneous,

sedimentary, or metamorphic rocks and that typically, or

solely, forms as an intimate part of rock-making processes. In

contrast are those minerals that have a limited mode of

occurrence or are formed by more unusual processes, such

as the ores of metals, vein minerals, and cavity fillings. Also,

some precipitates and secondary minerals are not properly

classified as rock-forming minerals; these form at a later time

than the original rock and tend to destroy its original

character. Some mineralogists limit the rock-forming minerals

to those that are abundant in a rock and that are usually

called essential minerals, a definition implying that they are

those most significant in studying the rock-making processes.

The six minerals olivine, quartz, feldspar, mica,

pyroxene and amphibole are the commonest rock-forming minerals and are used as

important tools in classifying rocks, particularly

igneous rocks. Except for quartz, all the minerals listed are actually mineral groups.

MINERALS: TWO CATEGORIES

SILICATES – CONTAIN SILICON - OXYGEN

MOLECULE (SiO)

NON-SILICATES (NO SiO)

silicate[sil-i-kit, -keyt]

noun

1.Mineralogy. any of the largest group of mineral compounds,

as quartz, beryl, garnet, feldspar, mica, and various kinds of clay,

consisting of SiO2 or SiO4 groupings and one or more metallic ions,

with some forms containing hydrogen. Silicates constitute well

over 90 percent of the rock-forming minerals of the earth's crust.

2. Chemistry. any salt derived from the silicic acids or from silica.

Mineralogically, silicate minerals are divided according to structure of

their silicate anion into the following groups:

•Nesosilicates (lone tetrahedron) – [SiO4]4−, e.g. olivine.

•Sorosilicates (double tetrahedra) – [Si2O7]6−, e.g. epidote, melilite group.

•Cyclosilicates (rings) – [SinO3n]2n−, e.g. tourmaline group.

•Inosilicates (single chain) – [SinO3n]2n−, e.g. pyroxene group.

•Inosilicates (double chain) – [Si4nO11n]6n−, e.g. amphibole group.

•Phyllosilicates (sheets) – [Si2nO5n]2n−, e.g. micas and clays.

•Tectosilicates (3D framework) – [AlxSiyO2x+2y)]x−, e.g. quartz, feldspars, zeolites.

Note that tectosilicates can only have additional cations if some of the

silicon is replaced by a lower-charge cation such as aluminium. Al for Si

substitution is common.