topic 1 (muzamil,norazlan,shahrul,putri,siti aisyah)
TRANSCRIPT
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TOPIC 1
LANGUAGE AND
COMMUNICATION
MUZAMIL BIN HARIS
NORAZLAN BIN MOHD TAHIR
PUTRI DANG SARI BINTI OTHMAN
SHAHRUL SHAZWAN BIN
SHAMSUDDINSITI AISYAH BINTI ZAINAL
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Language and communication
Descriptive/typological linguists are thusinterested in the structure of language, aconventionalized system of signs which is
used to encode messages. They are not interested in sign systems more
generally, nor how information is exchanged
using language, nor how language is used. Language is important in the discipline; but
communication is not.
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Definition of language
Language may refer either to the specificallyhuman capacity for acquiring and usingcomplex systems of communication, or to a
specific instance of such a system of complexcommunication. The scientific study oflanguage in any of its senses is calledlinguistics.
Any means of conveying or communicatingideas; specifically, human speech; theexpression of ideas by the voice; sounds,
expressive of thought, articulated by the organs
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Language and culture
At the turn of the century, many Asian countriesare faced with tensions arising from the linguisticshift in language policies stemming frompressures of globalization.
Very often, these pressures arise as a result of theshift in domain use from that of the nationallanguage to the establishment of English asmedium of instruction at varying levels of theeducation system, ranging from the primary to
higher education. This increasing hegemony of English elicits
reactions of varying degrees of anxiety over itsimpact on national cultural identities.
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Functions of language One of the main goals of language teachers is to provide
students with the tools to be effective communicators inthe TL. Often when students are assigned projects andassignments (like the weather report in Annas case
study) their lack of practical tools to produce the actual
language becomes evident. In these cases, students might very well have the
necessary resources to accomplish the task, butteachers might need to consider a communicative
approach to teaching the language, focusing on thefunctions of language, to properly equip students tocomplete assigned tasks.
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Properties of Language
1. GeneralDescription
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Properties of Language
Basic Concepts
Language The use of an organized means of combining words in
order to communicate Makes it possible for us to communicate with those
around us and to think about things and processes wecurrently cannot see, hear, feel, touch, smell
Communication Exchange of thoughts and feelings
Not all communication is through language (gestures,glances, touches, pictures)
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Properties of Language
Basic Concepts Psycholinguistics
The psychology of our language as it interacts with thehuman mind
Related areas of study
Linguistics
The study of language structure and change
NeurolinguisticsStudies the relationship among the brain, cognition, and
language
Sociolinguistics
Studies the relationship between social behavior and language
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Properties of Language
1. General Description
Six properties that are distinctive of language
Communicative
Language permits us to communicate with one or more peoplewho share our language
Arbitrarily symbolic
Language creates an arbitrary relationship between a symboland its referent: an idea, a process, a relationship, or adescription
Arbitrary relationship - lack of any reason for choosing aparticular symbol to refer to a particular thing
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Properties of Language
1. General Description
Six properties that are distinctive of language(cont.)
Regularly structured Language has a structure; only particularly patterned
arrangements of symbols have meaning, and different
arrangements yield different meanings
Structured at multiple levels The structure of language can be analyzed at more
than one level ( e.g., in sounds, in meaning units, in
words, in phrases)
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Properties of Language
1. General Description
Six properties that are distinctive of language(cont.)
Generative, productive
Within the limits of a linguistic structure, languageusers can produce novel utterances, and thepossibilities for creating new utterances are virtually
limitless Dynamic
Languages constantly evolve and change
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Properties of Language
2. Fundamental Aspects of Language
Two fundamental aspects of language
Comprehension of language
Receptive comprehension and decoding of languageinput (deriving meaning from what you hear or read)
Production of language
Expressive encoding and production of language input
(transforming our thoughts into a form that can beexpressed as linguistic output speech or writing)
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Properties of Language
2. Fundamental Aspects of Language
Levels of analysis of language
1. Phonology system of speech sounds Phoneme the smallest unit of speech sound that can
be used to distinguish one utterance in a givenlanguage from another
Different languages use different numbers andcombinations of phonemes
Phonemics the study of the particular phonemes of alanguage
Phonetics the study of to produce or combine speech
sounds
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Properties of Language
2. Fundamental Aspects of Language
Levels of analysis of language
2. MorphologyMorpheme the smallest unit that denotes meaning
within a particular language
Content morphemes the words that convey the bulk ofthe meaning (e.g. charge in recharge)
Functional morphemes the morphemes that add detailand nuance to the meaning of the content morphemesor that help the content morphemes to fit thegrammatical context (e.g. re in recharge)
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Properties of Language
2. Fundamental Aspects of Language
Levels of analysis of language
3. Mental LexiconMental Lexicon the entire set of morphemes in a given
language or in a given persons linguistic repertoire;
contains the information about meaning, phonologicalform, orthographic form and syntactic properties of a
particular word Vocabulary the repertoire of words created by
combining morphemes
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Properties of Language
2. Fundamental Aspects of Language
Levels of analysis of language
4. Syntax The way in which users of a particular language put
words together to form sentences
It is the structure of our utterances
A sentence comprises at least two parts
Noun phrase which contains at least one noun
Verb phrase which contains at least one verb and whateverthe verb acts on
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Properties of Language
2. Fundamental Aspects of Language
Levels of analysis of language
5. Semantics The study of meaning in languageHow words express meaning
How language interacts with conceptual structure
6. Discourse Encompasses language use at the level beyond the
sentence, such as in conversation, paragraphs, stories
Studies the interactions between the context andlanguage
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Non-verbal communication
Nonverbal communication is usuallyunderstood as the process of communicationthrough sending and receiving
wordless,(mostly visual) messages betweenpeople. Messages can be communicatedthrough gestures and touch, by body languageor posture, by facial expression and eye
contact.
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Non-verbal communication
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Speech and writing
For ESL/EFL teachers, the differencesbetween the language of speech and thelanguage of writing are of fundamental
importance. We know that our students need to learn to
handle various versions of English. Forexample to chat with their friends, givepresentations in class, watch tv, write andread email messages, read the newspaper,read textbooks, write tests, and more.
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English Language in Malaysian
The Cabinet Committee Report on the Review of theImplementation of the Education Policy 1979 statesthat the teaching of English is to enable all school-leavers to use English in certain everyday situationsand work situations. It is also to allow students topursue higher education in the medium of English.
At present, English is still taught for further studies and
for work. However, English is becoming increasinglyimportant in Information and CommunicationsTechnology (ICT) and as a global language. Therefore,the use of English for ICT has been included in thecurriculum. English for ICT will enable learners to
access knowledge on the Internet and to network with
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Thank you