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PEMBINAAN CIVIC VIRTUE DI BIDANG SOSIAL MELALUI

PRAKTIK FILANTROPI DAN VOLUNTARISME

(Studi Kasus Gerakan Sosial-Kemanusiaan Let’s ACT Indonesia)

TESIS

Diajukan untuk memenuhi sebagian syarat memperoleh gelar Magister

Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan

Pembimbing:

Prof. Dr. Karim Suryadi, M. Si

Oleh

Aina Nurdiyanti

NIM. 1706654

PROGRAM STUDI PENDIDIKAN KEWARGANEGARAAN

SEKOLAH PASCASARJANA

UNIVERSITAS PENDIDIKAN INDONESIA

2019




Oleh

Aina Nurdiyanti

S. Pd Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, 2016

Sebuah Tesis yang diajukan untuk memenuhi salah satu syarat memperoleh gelar Magister

Pendidikan (M. Pd.) pada Program Studi Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan

©Aina Nurdiyanti 2019

Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia

Juni 2019

Hak Cipta dilindungi undang-undang

Tesis ini tidak boleh diperbanyak seluruhnya atau sebagian,

dengan dicetak ulang, difotokopi, atau dengan cara lainnya tanpa izin dari penulis

PERNYATAAN PENULIS

Dengan ini saya menyatakan bahwa tesis yang berjudul “PEMBINAAN CIVIC

VIRTUE DI BIDANG SOSIAL MELALUI PRAKTIK FILANTROPI DAN

VOLUNTARISME (Studi Kasus Gerakan Sosial-Kemanusiaan Let’s ACT

Indonesia)” ini beserta seluruh isinya adalah benar-benar karya saya sendiri. Saya

tidak melakukan penjiplakan atau pengutipan dengan cara-cara yang tidak sesuai

dengan etika ilmu yang berlaku dalam masyarakat keilmuan. Atas pernyataan ini,

saya siap menanggung resiko/sanksi apabila kemudian hari ditemukan adanya

pelanggaran etika keilmuan atau ada klaim dari pihak lain terhadap keaslian karya

saya ini.

Bandung, Mei 2019

Yang membuat pernyataan,

Aina Nurdiyanti

NIM. 1706654

HALAMAN PENGESAHAN TESIS

AINA NURDIYANTI

NIM. 1706654




Disetujui dan disahkan oleh:

Pembimbing Tesis,

i

ABSTRAK

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memeriksa efikasi infrastruktur kewarganegaraan digital

yang dikembangkan oleh lembaga kemanusiaan global Aksi Cepat Tanggap (ACT) dalam

menumbuhkembangkan keadaban warga negara di era digital. Terdapat kesenjangan

antara budaya kewarganegaraan partisipatif dan minimnya keterlibatan publik pada sektor

sosial dan kemanusiaan. Penggunaan internet dan sistem jejaring sosial sebagai gaya

hidup warga negara hari ini, di satu sisi berpotensi menggugah aktivisme, literasi warga

negara, dan menyokong kehidupan berdemokrasi. Namun, di sisi lain, terdapat pula tren

warga digital yang menunjukkan heavy viewers for leisure and pleasure bahkan tendensi

perilaku berdigital yang destruktif. Maka, transformasi media digital sebagai infrastruktur

berwarganegara menjadi satu solusi alternatif. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan

kualitatif dengan desain studi kasus. Partisipan penelitian meliputi pengurus, pegiat, dan

donatur ACT, serta masyarakat umum terdampak gerakan sosial. Pengumpulan data

dilakukan melalui wawancara, observasi, dan studi dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian

menunjukkan bahwa infrastruktur kewarganegaraan digital ACT berupa filantropi digital

dan voluntarisme ACT telah mampu membina keadaban warga negara pada bidang sosial

di era digital. Capaian tersebut ditandai dengan peningkatan partisipasi publik di bidang

sosial-kemanusiaan melalui pemanfaatan media digital. Pengembangan filantropi dan

voluntarisme digital ACT telah mendorong budaya kewarganegaraan digital yang lebih

partisipatif, terbukanya rute partisipasi lokal-global sebagai dimensi kewarganegaraan

global, dan aktivisme daring yang menumbuhkan spirit pemberdayaan sosial dikalangan

warga digital.

Kata Kunci: keadaban warga negara, filantropi digital, voluntarisme, kewarganegaraan

digital

ii

ABSTRACT

This study aims to examine the efficacy of digital citizenship infrastructure developed by

global humanitarian agency namely Aksi Cepat Tanggap (ACT) in developing civic

virtue in the digital era. There is a gap between the culture of participatory citizenship and

the lack of public involvement in the social and humanitarian sectors. The use of the

internet and social networking systems as citizens' lifestyles today, on the one hand has

the potential to arouse activism, citizen literacy and support democratic life. However, on

the other hand, there are also digital citizen trends that show heavy viewers for leisure

and pleasure even the tendency of destructive digital behavior. Thus, the transformation

of digital media as a citizen infrastructure becomes an alternative solution. This study

used a qualitative approach with case study design. Research participants include

caretakers, activists, and donors of ACT, and also a member of society who affected by

the social movement. Data collection is done through interviews, observation, and

documentation studies. The results showed that ACT's digital citizenship infrastructure in

the form of digital philanthropy and ACT voluntarism had been able to foster civic virtue

in the digital era. This achievement was indicated by an increase in public participation in

the social-humanitarian field through the use of digital media. ACT's digital philanthropy

and voluntarism development has encouraged a more participatory culture of digital

citizenship, local-global participation as a dimension of global citizenship, and online

activism that fosters the spirit of social empowerment among digital citizens.

Keywords: civic virtue, digital philanthropy, voluntarism, digital citizenship

DAFTAR ISI

HALAMAN JUDUL

ABSTRAK ....................................................................................................................... i

KATA PENGANTAR .................................................................................................... iii

DAFTAR ISI ................................................................................................................... iv

DAFTAR BAGAN ........................................................................................................... vii

DAFTAR TABEL ........................................................................................................... viii

DAFTAR GAMBAR ....................................................................................................... ix

BAB I PENDAHULUAN

1.1. Latar Belakang Penelitian ................................................................................... 1

1.2. Identifikasi Masalah dan Rumusan Masalah Penelitian

1.2.1. Identifikasi Masalah ................................................................................ 8

1.2.2. Perumusan Masalah ................................................................................ 8

1.3. Tujuan Penelitian

1.3.1. Tujuan Umum ......................................................................................... 9

1.3.2. Tujuan Khusus ........................................................................................ 9

1.4. Manfaat Penelitian

1.4.1. Manfaat Dari Segi Teoretis ..................................................................... 10

1.4.2. Manfaat Dari Segi Praktis ....................................................................... 10

1.4.3. Manfaat Dari Segi Kebijakan .................................................................. 11

1.4.4. Manfaat Dari Segi Aksi Sosial ................................................................ 11

1.5. Struktur Organisasi Tesis .................................................................................... 11

BAB II KAJIAN PUSTAKA

2.1. Keadaban Kewarganegaran (Civic Virtue) ......................................................... 13

2.2. PKn Sebagai Pembina Keadaban Kewarganegaraan .......................................... 15

2.3. Teori Gerakan Sosial Baru .................................................................................. 17

2.4 Teori Keterlibatan Warga Negara ....................................................................... 20

2.4.1. Keterlibatan Warga Negara dalam Perspektif PKn ................................. 23

2.4.2. Keterlibatan Warga Negara dalam Konteks

Kewarganegaraan Digital ....................................................................... 25

2.4.3. Keterlibatan Warga Negara dalam Konteks

Kewarganegaraan Global ........................................................................ 28

2.5. Tinjauan Tentang Filantropi dan Voluntarisme .................................................. 32

2.6. Penelitian Terdahulu ........................................................................................... 35

BAB III METODE PENELITIAN

3.1. Desain Penelitian ................................................................................................ 42

3.2. Partisipan dan Tempat Penelitian ........................................................................ 44

3.3. Pengumpulan Data .............................................................................................. 45

3.3.1. Observasi................................................................................................. 45

3.3.2. Wawancara .............................................................................................. 46

3.3.3. Studi Dokumentasi .................................................................................. 48

3.4. Analisis Data ....................................................................................................... 48

3.4.1. Reduksi Data ........................................................................................... 49

3.4.2. Penyajian Data/Display Data .................................................................. 49

3.4.3. Penarikan Kesimpulan/Verifikasi ........................................................... 50

3.5. Validitas Data...................................................................................................... 50

BAB IV TEMUAN DAN PEMBAHASAN

4.1. Deskripsi Tempat Penelitian ............................................................................... 51

4.2 Identitas Partisipan Penelitian ............................................................................. 53

4.3 Temuan Penelitian .............................................................................................. 55

4.3.1 Upaya Aksi Cepat Tanggap dalam mengorganisir Gerakan Sosial

Let’s ACT Indonesia ............................................................................... 55

4.3.2 Realitas Praktik Filantropi dan Voluntarisme dalam Gerakan

Sosial Let’s ACT Indonesia .................................................................... 62

4.3.3 Faktor-Faktor Pendorong keterlibatan warga negara dalam

Gerakan Sosial Let’s ACT Indonesia ..................................................... 67

4.3.4 Dampak Gerakan Sosial Let’s ACT Indonesia Bagi Pembinaan

Civic Vitue di Bidang Sosial ................................................................... 73

4.4. Pembahasan........................................................................................................ 78

4.4.1. Pembahasan tentang Upaya Aksi Cepat Tanggap dalam

mengorganisir Gerakan Sosial Let’s ACT Indonesia.............................. 78

4.4.2. Pembahasan tentang Realitas Praktik Filantropi dan Voluntarisme

dalam Gerakan Sosial Let’s ACT Indonesia ........................................... 82

4.4.3. Pembahasan tentang Faktor-Faktor Pendorong keterlibatan warga

negara dalam Gerakan Sosial Let’s ACT Indonesia ............................... 87

4.4.4. Pembahasan tentang Dampak Gerakan Sosial Let’s ACT Indonesia

Bagi Pembinaan Civic Vitue di Bidang Sosial ........................................ 94

BAB V SIMPULAN, IMPLIKASI, DAN REKOMENDASI

5.1. Simpulan ............................................................................................................. 102

5.1.1. Simpulan Umum ..................................................................................... 102

5.1.2. Simpulan Khusus .................................................................................... 103

5.2. Implikasi ............................................................................................................. 105

5.3. Rekomendasi ....................................................................................................... 106

5.3.1. Bagi Community Civic ............................................................................ 106

5.3.2. Bagi Pemerintah ...................................................................................... 107

5.3.3. Bagi Praktisi Pendidikan Kewaganegaraan ............................................ 107

5.3.4. Bagi Peneliti Selanjutnya ........................................................................ 107

DAFTAR PUSTAKA ...................................................................................................... 109

LAMPIRAN

DAFTAR BAGAN

Bagan 2.1 An Integrative Theory of Civic Engagement ................................................. 22

Bagan 2.2. Kerangka Kewarganegaraan Digital .............................................................. 27

Bagan 3.1. Komponen-Komponen Analisis Data ........................................................... 49

Bagan 4.1. Impak gerakan sosial Let’s ACT Indonesia bagi perbaikan sosial ................ 76

Bagan 4.2. Faktor pendorong gerakan sosial Let’s ACT Indonesia ................................ 88

DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 2.1 Fokus Area Kewarganegaraan Global .............................................................. 31

Tabel 4.1 Dampak Gerakan Sosial Let’s ACT terhadap Civic Virtue di Bidang

Sosial ................................................................................................................ 96

DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 2.1 Capaian Pembelajaran Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan................................. 16

DAFTAR PUSTAKA

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