tantangan dan solusi biotek

7/30/2019 Tantangan Dan Solusi Biotek

1/70


2/70

-Menjelaskan Permasalahan kehidupan duniayang dapat diselesaikan dengan Bioteknologi

_ Menjelaskan Perbedaan konsep Biotek

Konvensional & Modern- Memberikan contoh-contoh produk

bioteknologi konvensional dan Modern


3/70

Masalah Pangan

Masalah Medis

Masalah Energi

MasalahLingkungan

Masalah Industri

The Promise

of Biotechnology

diagnosing disease

curing disease

nutritious food/feed

healthy food/feed productive land

feeding the poor

sustainable agriculture

healthy environment


4/70

PERMASALAHAN ENERGI DUNIA


5/70

PERMASALAHAN LINGKUNGAN

& SOLUSI ENERGI


6/70


7/70

Composting- a process thatpromotes biological decompositionof organic matter

Compost bin- a facility thatcontains materials for composting

In-vessel composting- usingenclosed containers forcomposting


8/70


9/70
http://www.google.co.id/imgres?imgurl=http://www.dnr.mo.gov/env/swmp/images/dumping_2192.JPG&imgrefurl=http://www.dnr.mo.gov/env/swmp/dumping/enf_instruct.htm&h=333&w=500&sz=54&tbnid=OntXEiguZx0jWM::&tbnh=87&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dopen%2Bdumping%2Bpicture&hl=id&usg=__8X-y6o69b7vM2neSIIxyw4aavkE=&ei=CCimSYeTCMnUkAW5haDfDQ&sa=X&oi=image_result&resnum=1&ct=image&cd=1http://www.google.co.id/imgres?imgurl=http://www.greatgreengoods.com/images/charlies.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.greatgreengoods.com/2006/02/24/one-reason-to-recycle/&h=300&w=400&sz=33&tbnid=gUhnixGtyR0_cM::&tbnh=93&tbnw=124&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dopen%2Bdumping%2Bpicture&hl=id&usg=__-mo9wp6JGkO6X95qYh8vsjdpEOk=&ei=CCimSYeTCMnUkAW5haDfDQ&sa=X&oi=image_result&resnum=3&ct=image&cd=1


10/70


11/70


12/70

Bioremediation- usingbiological processes to solveenvironmental problems

Biodegradation- naturalprocesses of microbes inbreaking down hydrocarbon

materials Biodegradable- capable ofbeing decomposed bymicrobes


13/70


14/70

SustainableBioplasticPlasticsynthetic

Feed Back

Mind map Permasalahan lingkungan:

Plastik ----------BIOPLASTIK

Bahan-bahan

Metoda

Masalah Manfaat

Lain-lain??


15/70

PERMASALAHAN MEDIS

5 Penyakit populer

dunia:

1.Kanker

2.Jantung

3.Hepatitis

4.Diabetes

5.Mutasi Virus , Flu

Burung , dll

PERMASALAHAN:

1. METODA DIAGNOSA

2. BIAYA TREATMEN MAHAL

3. OBAT MAHAL...


16/70

MALNUTRISI

Marasmus

Kwashiorkhor

SOLUSI BIOTEKNOLOGI:-production of new and improved

crops/foods, industrial chemicals,

-plant biotechnology

(pathogen and stress resistance

PERMASALAHAN PANGAN/

KESEHATAN


17/70

NUTRISI SELULER

Kegemukan : sumber dari penyakit

Dan gangguan kesehatan

Wellnes Century
http://www.google.co.id/imgres?imgurl=http://www.solarnavigator.net/biology/biology_images/obesity_news_science_health.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.solarnavigator.net/animal_kingdom/humans/obesity.htm&h=316&w=309&sz=20&tbnid=R67MYGypXxq5fM::&tbnh=117&tbnw=114&prev=/images%3Fq%3DObesity%2B%2Bpicture&hl=id&usg=__zD3ZBwktjtgB0GRPpQB95Fj6V18=&ei=uSimSaO8JZj07AOJ3ZTACw&sa=X&oi=image_result&resnum=3&ct=image&cd=1http://www.google.co.id/imgres?imgurl=http://data1.blog.de/blog/m/maxkover/img/British-obesity_01.JPG&imgrefurl=http://thefoodandhealth.blogspot.com/2008/11/obesity-acid-reflux-smoking-increase.html&h=400&w=405&sz=28&tbnid=RPUpjxZh8MWK3M::&tbnh=122&tbnw=124&prev=/images%3Fq%3DObesity%2B%2Bpicture&hl=id&usg=__7fcyFkO1fEp-yG0oRPct5ckDUQM=&ei=uSimSaO8JZj07AOJ3ZTACw&sa=X&oi=image_result&resnum=4&ct=image&cd=1http://www.google.co.id/imgres?imgurl=http://www.eastcoastabs.com/e107_images/custom/childhood-obesity.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.eastcoastabs.com/page.php%3F116&h=302&w=400&sz=51&tbnid=l63ZDJ9vn3tPtM::&tbnh=94&tbnw=124&prev=/images%3Fq%3DObesity%2B%2Bpicture&hl=id&usg=__aMkB_TKsWEXMqM7C-zUpF1fCKwI=&ei=uSimSaO8JZj07AOJ3ZTACw&sa=X&oi=image_result&resnum=2&ct=image&cd=1http://www.google.co.id/imgres?imgurl=http://www.solarnavigator.net/biology/biology_images/obesity_news_science_health.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.solarnavigator.net/animal_kingdom/humans/obesity.htm&h=316&w=309&sz=20&tbnid=R67MYGypXxq5fM::&tbnh=117&tbnw=114&prev=/images%3Fq%3DObesity%2B%2Bpicture&hl=id&usg=__zD3ZBwktjtgB0GRPpQB95Fj6V18=&ei=uSimSaO8JZj07AOJ3ZTACw&sa=X&oi=image_result&resnum=3&ct=image&cd=1http://www.google.co.id/imgres?imgurl=http://www.freeearth.com.au/images/photos/obesity_picture_small.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.freeearth.com.au/content/210/obesity-and-syndrome-x--.html&h=480&w=432&sz=103&tbnid=RAjmAtuLphnemM::&tbnh=129&tbnw=116&prev=/images%3Fq%3DObesity%2B%2Bpicture&hl=id&usg=__Ids_V61DPEKeIYV43jtqWqvq3YU=&ei=uSimSaO8JZj07AOJ3ZTACw&sa=X&oi=image_result&resnum=1&ct=image&cd=1


18/70


19/70

18/05/2013APW/Campdoc/KulBiotek2008 19


20/70

Fermentation tools/sources

- grains

- yeast

- vessels- products


21/70

long history of fermented foodssince people began to settle(9000 BC):

often discovered by accident!

improved flavor and texture

deliberate contamination withbacteria or fungi (molds)

examples:

bread

yogurt sour cream

cheese (chymosin)

wine & beer


22/70

barley moistening and

germination; enzymatic

relase of carbohydrates

drying, crushing, andmashing:

further enzymatic release of maltose, dextrins and proteins

addition of hops, and heatin brew

kettle; clarification

remove hops, add yeast to

initiate alcoholic fermentation

storage (lagering) andpackaging


23/70

grape pressing: must

sterilization & SO2 ; additionofyeast starter culture

fermentation of must (sugar

content essential for product)

removal of excess yeast

malolactic fermentation

removal of excess yeast

aging & bottling


24/70


25/70


26/70

Amino acids to improve food & feed taste, quality or preservation- enzymes (cellulase, collagenase, diastase, glucose isomerase,

invertase, lipase, peroxidase, laccase, pectinase, protease)

-- vitamins

--- pigments (melanins)

chemical transformation:

substrate + microbial/enzyme product

examples: cholesterol

steroids (cortisone, estrogen, progesterone) :

hydroxylation reaction -OH group added to cholesterol ring


27/70

sampling nature & screening culture collections improve available enzyme with rational

design random mutagenesis natures catalysts are extremely well suited

to support life; they evolved to perform optimally in the

context of a living cell as part of a metabolic network natural enzymes are usually not so well

suited for biotechnology applications, because of the distinct conditions

and different demands biocatalysis applications depend on

methods to tailor nature's catalysts or redesigning them anew


28/70


29/70


30/70


31/70


32/70


33/70

Plant breeding- improvement ofplants by breeding selectedindividuals to achieve desired goals

Cultivar- a cultivated crop variety


34/70

Plant breeding methods; Line breeding- breeding successive

generations of plants amongthemselves

Crossbreeding- breeding plants ofdifferent varieties or species

Hybridization- breeding individualsfrom two distinctly different varieties

Selection


35/70


36/70


37/70


38/70

Teknologi Kompos Bioaktif misalnya: Promi, ActiComp, SuperDec,

OrgaDec, EM4, EM Lestari, Starbio, DegraSimba, Stardec, dan lain-lain.

Agen Biokontrol Mikroba yang dapat mengendalikan hama tanaman antara lain: Bacillus

thurigiensis (BT), Bauveria bassiana, Paecilomyces fumosoroseus, danMetharizium anisopliae. Mikroba-mikroba ini mampu menyerang danmembunuh berbagai serangga yang menjadi hama tanaman. Mikroba yang

dapat mengendalikan penyakit tanaman misalnya: Trichoderma sp.Trichoderma sp mampu mengendalikan penyakit tanaman yang disebabkanoleh Gonoderma sp, JAP (jamur akar putih), atau Phytoptora sp.
http://isroi.wordpress.com/2008/02/19/promi/http://isroi.wordpress.com/2008/02/19/promi/


39/70

The following is a partial list oforganic chemicals madecommercially by microbes: 2,3,butainediol

Enzymes

Organic acids such as citric, lactic,ascorbic (vitamin C), acetic. Theseare utilized both as foods, and inindustrial chemical processes.

Polysaccharides

Poly-beta hydroxybutyric acid

Methane Hydrogen

Biological pesticides

Vitamins

Amino acids

Nucleic acids

Antibiotics

Alkaloids

Steroids

Non-Steroid Hormones/cell regulators(cytokines): Epidermal growth factor

Proinsulin

Insulin

Human growth hormone

Somatostatin

Interferons Platelet-derived growth factor

Fibroblast growth factor

Tumor Necrosis Factor

Other cytokines are coming on line allthe time

Blood coagulating factor XIII


40/70


41/70


42/70

Genetic engineering- artificially changing thegenetic information in the cells of organisms

Transgenic- an organism that has beengenetically modified

GMO- a genetically modified organism

GEO- a genetically enhanced organism


43/70

Clone- new organism that hasbeen produced asexually from asingle parent

Genotype is identical to parent Cells or tissues are cultured


44/70



45/70



46/70


Struktur DNA


47/70



48/70



49/70


T k ik PCR


50/70

Teknik PCR = Teknik untukmereplikasi fragment DNA

Teknik Elektroforesis



51/70


ROUTE OF PRODUCTION BIOTEKNOLOGIINSULIN


52/70



53/70



54/70


Bioproduction of drugs so complex


55/70

DNA

Bioproduction of drugs so complex

they can only be synthesized in a living system

Protein


56/70


57/70


58/70


59/70

Resist pests Resist herbicides

Improved product quality

Pharmaceuticals

Industrial products


60/70



61/70


62/70



63/70


64/70


65/70


66/70


67/70


68/70


69/70


70/70

tantangan dan solusi biotek

Documents