Struktur Analytical Exposition

Seperti yang telah dipaparkan sebelumnya, tujuan jenis teks yang bernama analytical exposition ini adalah mempengaruhi pembaca atau pendengar bahwa terdapat sebuah masalah atau kasus yang memerlukan perhatian khusus. Ketika menyusun sebuah cerita atau teks dalam hal ini, ada beberapa hal yang harus diperhatikan. Hal tersebut dikarenakan jenis teks memiliki perbedaan satu sama lain. Untuk membedakannya, berikut merupakan struktur teksanalytical exposition.

1. Pernyataan pendapat (thesis statement). Poin pertama ini bertujuan untuk memperkenalkan sebuah topik atau  tema yang akan dibahas atau sedang dalam sebuah pembicaraan.

2. Argumen (argument). Poin-poin yang dikemukakan atau dibahas terdapat pada poin kedua ini. Biasanya ketika sebuah pendapat dikemukakan, sering terjadi argument atau alasan dari pendapat yang pro dan kontra.

3. Simpulan (conclusion). Sebuah teks yang berisi pendapat dan terdapat perbedaan di dalamnya akan diakhiri dengan solusi. Namun, tidak semua teks diakhiri dengan sebuah solusi. Ada yang dibiarkan menggantung saja dengan tujuan pembaca atau pendengar yang menyimpulkan sendiri. Dalam teks analytical exposition ini, sebuah simpulan atas sebuah kasus atau kejadian biasanya dibuat dengan maksud agar pembaca atau pendengar memperoleh gambaran dengan solusi yang ditawarkan. 

Teks analytical exposition memiliki ciri kebahasaan tersendiri. Pembaca atau pendengar akan mengetahui sebuah teks termasuk jenis teks ini dengan memperhatikan ciri kebahasaannya. Ciri-ciri tersebut sebagai berikut.

1. Teks memiliki general nouns atau dalam bahasa Indonesia kata benda yang umum. Misalnya, polusi, Internet, makanan cepat saji, dan sebagainya. Contoh analytical exposition dalam bahasa Inggris di antaranya traffic jam, disadvantages of fast food, dan using computer. 

2. Verbs yang digunakan dalam teks analytical exposition, misalnyabelieve, think, suggest, say. Kalimat yang biasa digunakan dalam teksanalytical exposition adalah sebagai berikut:a. Many people believe that smoking is bad habit.b. She thinks that using computer too much is not good for children.c. Mother says that it is not good studying late at night.

3. Adverbs yang biasa digunakan dalam teks analytical exposition, misalnya Nervously, Certainly, Surely, Honestlye, dll.

4. Connectives atau penghubung, misalny First, Second, Third, Next,Finally.

Bagaimana menyusun teks analytical exposition yang sesuai dengan struktur yang telah disebutkan tersebut? Perhatikanlah contoh teks analytical expositionberikut ini. 

What comes to your mind when you hear about air pollution? Air pollution is one of the dangerous substances that make damage to the whole environment, human life, health, and many creatures in this world. Air pollution makes many problems of health, such as cancer and many other breathing problems.

What makes air pollution? Air pollution also comes from many vehicles from the street. Decomposing garbage also makes such pollution. People should realize that this air pollution is dangerous for human life. Air pollution causes dangerous gas substances.

Nowadays, air pollution also comes from many forest fires and it also because of human mistakes. Many problems in the world comes from human mistakes and they give feedback for their mistakes. 

However, we can reduce this kind of pollution by doing some actions, such as using vehicles without many gases. You can try to use bicycle to go to school or to work. Air pollution also can be reduced by not using deodorant and Freon substances. What should we do with the trees near the street? We can start by planting many trees near the street. Those who have cars can take care of their cars well to reduce the dangerous gases.        

Internet is considered as good way to get information from the whole world. People use Internet nowadays to make their life easier. Many people use Internet to keep in touch with people from around the world. What will happen if children use Internet without realizing the effect from it? Does Internet have any bad effect?

Children are familiar with the Internet. They get information from the Internet to help their work from school. However, Internet has bad effect for children if their parents let them alone using the Internet. What will happen to them?

The role of parent in watching their children in using the computer to access the Internet is very important. Parents cannot prevent children from using the Internet. Internet has good benefit, actually. It depends on their parents to make them realize and understand about using Internet as good access to help their work and relationship with their friends around the world.

Analytical Exposition 

Purpose : to persuade by presenting argumentsto analyze or explain ‘how’ and ‘why’

Text Organization:A thesisArgumentsReiteration or Conclusion

Language Features :Emotive words (e.g. worried, alarmed etc)Words that qualify statements (e.g. usual, Probably etc)Words that link arguments (e.g. firstly, However, therefore etc)An analytical exposition is a type of spoken or written text that is intended to persuade the listeners or readers that something is the case. To make the persuasion stronger, the speaker or writer gives some arguments as the fundamental reasons why something is the case. This type of text can be found in scientific books, journals, magazines, newspaper articles, academic speech or lectures, research report etc. Analytical expositions are popular among science, academic community and educated people. The generic structure of analytical exposition usually has three components: (1) Thesis, (2) Arguments and (3) Reiteration or conclusion.

A.Generic Structure of Analytical Exposition1. Thesis : Introduces the topic and shows speaker or writer’s position;Outlines of the arguments are presented.2. Arguments : It consists about Point and ElaborationPoint, states the main argumentElaboration, develops and supports each point of argument3. Conclusion : Reiteration (restatement), restates speaker or writer’s position

B. Generic Features of Analytical Exposition1.             An analytical exposition focuses on generic human and non human participants.

2.             It uses mental processes. It is used to state what the writer or speaker thinks or feels about something. For example: realize, feel etc.

3.             It uses emotive and evaluative words

4.             It often needs material processes. It is used to state what happens, e.g. ….has polluted… etc.

5.             It usually uses Simple Present Tense and Present Perfect Tense.

6.             Enumeration is sometimes necessary to show the list of given arguments: Firstly, secondly …, Finally, etc.

Corruption and Indonesian Culture

Thesis: 

Corruption has happened for many years and today it becomes a bad culture in Indonesia for three reasons

Argument 1:Most adult Indonesian or foreigners have known and admitted that corruptions happen in many places. The daily newspapers, news programs on TV and radio have reported corruptions are done everywhere, almost in all departments or public services of this country. Corruptions happen in health, education departments and banks. When we manage to get some documents in public service offices, we usually need much money to pay. Manipulations happen everywhere

Argument 2:The actions to eliminate corruption are weak. The ever stronger culture seems not to come to an end when the responsible institutions who have to reinforce the justice today commit corruption. This is the worst. Corruptions happen in police department, courts where judges, public prosecutors, lawyers make deals to do corruption. All of us also heard in the end of 2004, Probosutejo reported that he had bribed the Supreme Court, or called Mahkamah Agung which becomes the highest level where the justice can be obtained. Perhaps you have to try to come to the local courts and see what happen there. You will see practices of bribery and other kinds of corruption. Therefore, we can say that corruptions becomes our culture. Do you like it?

Argument 3:The citizens have no goodwill to fight against the corruption. They create the situations in which people have opportunities to do corruptions. The citizens like to break the rules because they are not disciplined. For example, in the street when they drive a car or ride motorcycle, they do not have the driving license or necessary documents. Then, they are caught by the local policemen. To avoid more difficulties, they like to bribe the officer. The officer let them go then. In other words, the citizens and officers are the same, doing corruption together. If only the people were critical, disciplined, and obey the rules, and willing to report any wrong behaviors, this country will not be number one corrupting country in the world.

Reiteration/ conclusion:Conclusion Based on the reasons, we can conclude that corruption is becoming a bad culture in Indonesia if it is not ended soon by all of us. It seems that there must be more severe penalty for the Corruptors. Do we still care about the future of this country?

A Campaign of the Importance of Reading

Thesis:Reading habit is poor among Indonesians because most people haven’t realized the importance of reading

Argument 1Reading is important to transform knowledge and technology. By reading, one knows the world. He or she will understand what he doesn’t see by himself or herself. The lines of the paragraphs in an article contain pieces of knowledge. The knowledge is needed to improve the quality of human’s life. Technology transformation from other country can only be done by reading a lot various sources of literature. Valuable books in libraries and bookstores mean nothing if they are not read.

Argument 2Realizing the importance of reading will make someone motivated to read. When we know that something is very important because it can give us valuable information, we will try to get or do the thing. For example, a businessman who always follows latest information or news, will know what to do in his/ her business. He will make a good decision to make a transaction. Most people in all developed countries have realized the importance or reading and they have good reading habits. In bus and train stations, vehicles, waiting rooms, parks, people like reading. They enjoy reading which gives them valuable knowledge and inspiration.

Argument 3A good understanding toward the importance of reading can be achieved by well organized and effective campaign. To plant an understanding in a generation’s minds is not an easy job. It needs a hard work from all components of the nation, especially the government. A serious campaign which is organized by the central and local government can help common people wake up and stand to face the real competition. The campaign can be done through various kinds of mass media such as TV, radio, booklets, bulletins, newspapers, magazines. It can also be conducted by teachers, parents and all people who care.

RecommendationTherefore, a nation-wide effective campaign of the importance of reading by all components of the nation should be done, facilitated by the government, to face the tighter competition. The world has forced globalization. Those people with little knowledge will be left behind. To speed up the better change in this country, a good reading habit is really important.

Corruption

Thesis(Announcement of issue concern)

Do you know what the meaning of corruption is? What is the relation between money and corruption? Well, corruption is common everywhere in the world, even in the United States. It’s just a matter of intensity. However, it is quite shocking when one reliable survey claims Jakarta as the most corrupt place in Indonesia.

Argument 1The survey has made me sad, actually, because I stay and earn a living here in the capital. As most people know, Tanjung Priok port smuggling is not a new thing at all. Entrepreneurs who want to minimize their tax payments tend to do such a thing more often. They even bribe the officials.

Argument 2Well, I think the measures taken so far to overcome the problem by punishing the corruptors is still not far enough. We have to prevent the younger generations from getting a bad mentality caused by corruption.

RecommendationI believe we should start at the earliest stages in school and I think everyone should be involved in the effort to eradicate corruption. We must not make any distinction.Adapted from: The Jakarta Post, February 2005

Is Smoking Good for Us?; Example of Analytical   Exposition  

Before we are going to smoke, it is better to look at the fact. About 50 thousands people die every year in Britain as direct result of smoking. This is seven times as many as die in road accidents. Nearly a quarter of smokers die because of diseases caused by smoking.

Ninety percent of lung cancers are caused by smoking. If we smoke five cigarettes a day, we are six times more likely to die of lung cancer than a non smoker. If we smoke twenty cigarettes a day, the risk is nineteen greater. Ninety five percent of

people who suffer of bronchitis are people who are smoking. Smokers are two and half times more likely to die of heart disease than non smokers.

Additionally, children of smoker are more likely to develop bronchitis and pneumonia. In one hour in smoky room, non smoker breathes as much as substance causing cancer as if he had smoked fifteen cigarettes.

Smoking is really good for tobacco companies because they do make much money from smoking habit. Smoking however is not good for every body else.

Notes on the generic structure of this example of analytical expositionAs we know that both analytical exposition and hortatory exposition are classified as argumentative essay. Both present argument to support the thesis state in the orientation. This thesis places the writer’s position on the essay. From the generic structure, what make big different is that analytical exposition ends with paragraph to strengthen the thesis while hortatory makes a recommendation for readers.

Thesis: This pre-conclusive paragraph states the writer’s point of view about the topic discussed. Writer has show himself in clear position of the discussed topic. Paragraph 1 is the thesis of this analytical exposition text. It states the fact of the very fatal impact of the smoking habit. Clearly the writer wants to say that smoking is not a good habit.

Arguments: Presenting arguments in analytical exposition text is as important as giving conflict plot in narrative text. The series of argument will strengthen the thesis stated before. In this example of analytical exposition text, paragraph 2 and 3 are the detail arguments presented in a reporting fact to support that smoking is not good even for smokers themselves. Furthermore, people who do not smoke but they are in smoky area have the bad effect too from the smoking habit.

Reiteration: This end paragraph actually is restating the thesis. It is something like conclusive paragraph from the previous arguments. The last paragraph of this example of analytical exposition points again that smoking is not good for smokers and people around smokers. However smoking is very good for Cigarette Companies