STUDI LITERATUR PENGGUNAAN MINYAK

TEA TREE (MELALEUCA ALTERNIFOLIA)

DALAM PERAWATAN LUKA

SKRIPSI

Oleh:

NUR AMRINATUS SHOLIHAH

NIM. 201210420311069

PROGRAM STUDI ILMU KEPERAWATAN

FAKULTAS ILMU KESEHATAN

UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG

2019

i

STUDI LITERATUR PENGGUNAAN MINYAK

TEA TREE (MELALEUCA ALTERNIFOLIA)

DALAM PERAWATAN LUKA

SKRIPSI

Untuk Memenuhi Sebagai Persyaratan Mencapai Gelar Sarjana Keperawatan (S.Kep)

Pada Program Studi Ilmu Keperawatan Fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan

Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang

Oleh:

NUR AMRINATUS SHOLIHAH

NIM. 201210420311069

PROGRAM STUDI ILMU KEPERAWATAN

FAKULTAS ILMU KESEHATAN

UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG

2019

LEMBAR PERSETUJUAN

STUDI LITERATUR PENGGUNAAN MI}IYAK

DAI-AM PERATTATAN LUKA

SKRIPSI

Disusun Oleh:

NUR AMRINATUS SHOLITIAHNIM. 20u-10420317069

Skripsi ini Telah Disetuiui untuk Diujikan

PadaJuh 2019

Penguji I, Penguiiw

Anis Ika Nut Rohmeh. M.Kep.Sf Kep. MBNrP. UMM. 180315041988

1\{engetahui,

Ketua Progtam Studi Ilmu Kepcrau.atan

Fakultas Ilmu Keschatan

NIP. LrN.{l\{. 112.

NIP. LrMM. 1.1,2.0547.442t

*

LEMBAR PENGESAHAN

STUDI LITERATUR PENGGUNAAN MINYAKTEA TREE (MELALEUCA ALTERNTFOLIA)

DALAM PERAWATAN LUKA

SKRIPSI

Disusun Oleh:

Nut Amdnatus Sholihah

NIM. 20121042031.1069

Skripsi irlr Telah Diuiikan

Pada Tanggal B Juli 2019

Penguji IV,

Risa Hetlianita. S.Kep., NS., MS

NrP. UMM 11216080583

Penguji I,

NrP. UMM.180315041988

Penguji III,

Mengetahui,

Ilmu Kesehatan

SURAT PERNYATAAN KEASLIAN PENELITIAN

Sava yanl4 bertanda tangan di baw-ah iai:

Narna

NIM

Program Studi

Juciul Skripsi

Nur Amrinatus Sholihah

2ffi21A42A311069

Ilmu Keperaw*atan

Studi Literatur Pengprnaal r\tlin3r2k Tea Tree {A,Ielalcwa Aherrulfolia}

Dalam Perawata.tr Luka

Menyatakan dengan sebenarnya bahwa Tugas Akhir y^ng saya tuiis ini benar-beuar hasil

karya saya sendiri, bukan merupakan pengambilalihafi tulisan atau pikir2l oranglaia yang say* akui

sebagai tulisan atau pikiran saya sendiri.

Apabila dikemudian hart dapat dibukikan bahwa 'Iugas Akhir ini adilah hasil jiplakan, maka

saya bersedia menerima sanksi atas perbuatan tersebut.

Malang 4Juli 2019

-}plg $embuat Pernyataan

Nur Amrinatus Sholihalt

NiL{. 20121042A311A69

iv

KATA PENGANTAR

Puji dan syukur kehadirat Allah SWT, berkat rahmat dan bimbingan-Nya

penulis dapat menyelesaikan skripsi dengan judul “Studi Literatur Penggunaan

Minyak Tea Tree (Melaleuca Alternifolia) Dalam Perawatan Luka”. Skripsi ini

disusun sebagai salah satu syarat guna memperoleh gelar sarjana keperawatan (S.Kep)

Pada Program Studi Ilmu Keperawatan Fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan Universitas

Muhammadiyah Malang.

Bersamaan dengan ini perkenankanlah penulis mengucapkan terima kasih yang

sebesar-besarnya dengan hati yang tulus kepada :

1. Faqih Ruhyanuddin, M.Kep, Sp.Kep.KMB Selaku Dekan Fakultas Ilmu

Kesehatan Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang.

2. Nur Lailatul Masruroh, S.Kep., Ns., MNS. Selaku Ketua Program Studi Ilmu

Keperawatan Fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang.

3. Faqih Ruhyanuddin, M.Kep, Sp.Kep.KMB Selaku Dosen Pembimbing I yang

senantiasa bersabar memberikan bimbingan serta masukan juga motivasi

kepada peneliti.

4. Anis Ika Nur Rohmah, M.Kep,Sp. Kep. MB Selaku Dosen Pembimbing II yang

senantiasa bersabar memberikan bimbingan serta masukan juga motivasi

kepada peneliti.

5. Seluruh jajaran dosen dan staf TU, Program Studi Ilmu Keperawatan

Fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan, Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang yang tidak

dapat peneliti sebutkan satu persatu atas ilmu dan bantuan yang telah

diberikan selama ini kepada peneliti.

v

6. Orang tua tersayang Bapak (Kaspuwan) dan Ibu (Julis) serta seluruh keluarga

besar yang telah bersabar dan senantiasa mendoakan, memberikan dukungan

baik moral, material maupun spiritual kepada peneliti selama menempuh

pendidikan di Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang.

7. Semua teman-teman keluarga besar PSIK B UMM 2012 khususnya Mbak

(Fiya) dan (Ovi) yang selalu memberikan bantuan dan dukungan kepada

peneliti.

Penulis menyadari bahwa penyusunan skripsi ini masih jauh dari kata

sempurna, oleh karena itu penulis mengharapkan adanya saran dan kritik yang

bersifat membangun demi kesempurnaan skripsi ini.

Malang, Juli 2019

Penulis

viii

DAFTAR ISI

Halaman Halaman Judul...........................................................................................................................i Lembar Persetujuan..................................................................................................................ii Surat Keaslian Penelitian.........................................................................................................iii Kata Pengantar..........................................................................................................................iv Abstrak.......................................................................................................................................vi Daftar Isi....................................................................................................................................viii Daftar Gambar..........................................................................................................................x Daftar Tabel...............................................................................................................................xi Daftar Lampiran........................................................................................................................xii Daftar Singkatan........................................................................................................................xiii BAB I PENDAHULUAN

1.1 Latar Belakang........................................................................................................ 1 1.2 Rumusan Masalah.................................................................................................. 5 1.3 Tujuan Penelitian................................................................................................... 5 1.4 Manfaat Penelitian................................................................................................. 5

1.4.1 Manfaat Bagi Penulis dan Penulis Lain................................................... 5 1.4.2 Manfaat Bagi Masyarakat........................................................................... 6 1.4.3 Manfaat Bagi Profesi Keperawatan.......................................................... 6

1.5 Keaslian Penelitian................................................................................................. 6

BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA 2.1 Anatomi Sistem Integumen.................................................................................. 10

2.1.1 Definisi......................................................................................................... 10 2.1.2 Struktur Anatomi Kulit.............................................................................. 11

2.2 Konsep Luka.......................................................................................................... 12 2.2.1 Definisi......................................................................................................... 12 2.2.2 Etiologi Luka............................................................................................... 13 2.2.3 Fisiologi Peyembuhan Luka...................................................................... 15 2.2.4 Fase Penyembuhan Luka........................................................................... 15 2.2.5 Prinsip Penyembuhan Luka...................................................................... 17 2.2.6 Faktor Peymebuhan Luka......................................................................... 18

2.3 Perawatan Luka...................................................................................................... 20 2.3.1 Prinsip Penyembuhan Luka...................................................................... 22

2.4 Minyak Tea Tree.................................................................................................... 23 2.4.1 Definisi......................................................................................................... 23 2.4.2 Morfologi dan Taksonomi........................................................................ 23 2.4.3 Manfaat......................................................................................................... 26 2.4.4 Kandungan Kimiawi.................................................................................. 29

BAB III KERANGKA KONSEP 3.1 Kerangka Konsep Penelitian................................................................................ 31

BAB IV METODE PENELITIAN

4.1 Desain Penelitian.................................................................................................... 35 4.2 Tahapan Systematic Literature Review............................................................... 35

4.2.1 Tujuan Studi Literatur................................................................................ 35

ix

4.2.2 Pencarian Data............................................................................................ 36 4.2.3 Screening...................................................................................................... 36 4.2.4 Penilaian Kualitas........................................................................................ 36 4.2.5 Ekstraksi Data............................................................................................. 37 4.2.6 Analisa Data................................................................................................. 37 4.2.7 Penulisan Hasil Studi Literatur................................................................. 37

4.3 Populasi dan Sampel..............................................................................................38 4.3.1 Populasi........................................................................................................ 38 4.3.2 Sampel.......................................................................................................... 39

4.4 Variabel Penelitian................................................................................................. 39 4.4.1 Variabel Bebas............................................................................................. 39 4.4.2 Variabel Tergantung................................................................................... 39

BAB V HASIL PENELITIAN

5.1 Karakteristik Sampel.............................................................................................. 40 5.2 Hasil Studi Literatur dan Analisa PICO............................................................. 40

5.2.1 Hasil Studi Literatur................................................................................... 40 5.2.2 Analisa PICO...............................................................................................41

BAB VI PEMBAHASAN

6.1 Interpretasi dan Diskusi Hasil.............................................................................. 66 6.1.1 Reaksi Alergi Minyak Tea Tree................................................................. 66 6.1.2 Kandungan Terpinen-4-ol......................................................................... 67 6.1.3 Dressing Minyak Tea Tree........................................................................ 67 6.1.4 Penggunaan Minyak Tea Tree Dalam Perawatan Luka........................ 68 6.1.5 Penggunaan Minyak Tea Tree Dalam Perawatan Luka Bakar............. 69 6.1.6 Minyak Tea Tree Sebagai Agen Anti-Mikroba....................................... 69 6.1.7 Minyak Tea Tree Sebagai Agen Anti-Bakteri......................................... 70 6.1.8 Minyak Tea Tree Sebagai Agen Anti-Fungi............................................ 71 6.1.9 Minyak Tea Tree Sebagai Obat Topikal.................................................. 71 6.1.10 Minyak Tea Tree Sebagai Obat Herbal Tradisional............................ 72 6.1.11 Studi Kasus Penggunaan Minyak Tea Tree.......................................... 72

6.2 Keterbatasan Penelitian......................................................................................... 73 6.3 Implikasi Untuk Keperawatan............................................................................. 73

BAB VII KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN

7.1 Kesimpulan............................................................................................................. 74 7.2 Saran......................................................................................................................... 74

7.2.1 Bagi Penulis dan Peneliti Lain................................................................... 74 7.2.2 Bagi Masyarakat.......................................................................................... 75 7.2.3 Bagi Profesi Keperawatan dan Fasilitas Kesehatan............................... 75

Daftar Pustaka ........................................................................................................................... 76 Lampiran .................................................................................................................................... 80

x

DAFTAR GAMBAR

2.1 Anatomi Kulit...................................................................................................................... 10 2.2 Lapisan Epidermis............................................................................................................... 11 2.3 Fase Penyembuhan Luka.................................................................................................... 17 2.4 Pohon Tea Tree................................................................................................................... 24 2.5 Bunga Tea Tree.................................................................................................................... 25 3.1 Kerangka Konsep................................................................................................................ 32 4.2 Diagram: Systematic Literature Review........................................................................... 38

xi

DAFTAR TABEL

2.1 Kandungan Kimiawi Minyak Tea Tree Menurut (ISO 4730).......................................30 5.1 Analisa Data Kuantitatif..................................................................................................... 41 5.2 Analisa Data Kualitatif........................................................................................................ 42 5.3 Tabel PICO (Population, Intervention Compare and Outcome)................................ 44

xii

DAFTAR LAMPIRAN

Lampiran 1 Pemilihan Jurnal....................................................................................................80 Lampiran 2 Lembar ACC Judul.............................................................................................. 82 Lampiran 3 Lembar Konsultasi.............................................................................................. 83 Lampiran 4 Curriculum Vitae.................................................................................................. 86

xiii

DAFTAR SINGKATAN

AIDS : Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome

ARDS : Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

BMI : Body Mass Index

C. Albicans : Candida. Albicans

CoNS : Coagulase Negative Staphylococci

CVP : Cold Pressed Valencia

DINKES : Dinas Kesehatan

ECM : Extracellular Matrix

Hb : Hemoglobin

HIV/AIDS : Human Immunodeficiency Virus / Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

IFIs : Invasive Fungal Wound Infection

ISO 6730 : International Organization for Standardization 6730

MRSA : Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aereus

NS : Normal Saline

PICO : Population, Intervention, Compare, Outcome

pH : Potential of Hydrogen

RIRDC : Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation

RISKESDAS : Riset Kesehatan Dasar

RL/kg/BB : Ringer Laktat/ Kilogram/ Berat Badan

SLR : Systematic Literature Review

SMP/MTS : Sekolah Menengah Pertama/ Madrasah Tsanawiyah

TBSA : Total Body Surface Area

TcO2 : Total Carbon Dioxide

TNF : Tumor Necrosis Factor

TTO : Tea Tree Oil

UWA : University of Western Australia

WHO : World Health Organization

76

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