sejarah teknik pertanian
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pertanianTRANSCRIPT
Bahan Kuliah TMP Dr. Radite P.A.S., Sept 2012
Sejarah Aplikasi Teknologi di bidang Pertanian
2500 BCE-1750 AD
1750-1900 Revolusi Pertanian
Revolusi Pertanian, karena mesin-mesin mulai ditemukan, berawal dari mesin pemintal (gin) Eli Withney 1794. Dengan mesin ini pemisahan biji kapas dari serat kapas 50 lb kapas bersih per hari setara dengan 100 HOK
1800-an diperkenalkan sistem rotasi tanaman : menanam 4 petak dengan tanaman yang berlainan, setiap tahun dirotasi
15 Mei 1862, Presiden Lincoln membentuk USDA standar pertanian praktis diperkenalkan diseluruh negara
1880-an diperkenalkan program peningkatan produksi dan standar kesehatan di pertanian
1900 – abad 21
Terjadi perkembangan pesat teknologi pertanian
1837 Deere menemukan bajak besi baja
1876 Nikolaus Otto membuat mesin bensin, 1897 Rudolph Diesel membuat mesin diesel.
Deere, Tate and Gould didirikan tahun 1848 di Moline, Illinois, tahun 1868 berubah menjadi Deere and Company, dan tahun 1918 membuat traktor yang pertama
1885 Daimler's Petroleum Reitwagen
1920s era American Otto Engine for Stationary Use
Bahan Kuliah TMP Dr. Radite P.A.S., Sept 2012
The Waterloo Engine Company was
already manufacturing the Waterloo Boy
tractor that it had introduced in 1913.
Deere & Co. began to develop
prototypes for their own tractor. in
1918.
Thomas Alva Edison (February 11, 1847 – October 18, 1931)
Nikola Tesla (Serbian, 10 July 1856 – 7 January 1943) was a Serbian-American inventor, physicist, mechanical engineer, electrical engineer
Abad otomasi, robot, pertanian presisi
Bahan Kuliah TMP Dr. Radite P.A.S., Sept 2012
Bahan Kuliah TMP Dr. Radite P.A.S., Sept 2012
Grain Harvesting
http://www.vaes.vt.edu/steeles/mccormick/harvest.html#auto
Traditional Harvesting Methods
McCormick's First Reaper (1831)
The first reaper included these
essential elements:
1. Reciprocal knife 2. Fingers or gaurds 3. Revolving reel 4. Platform 5. Master wheel 6. Forward draft 7. Divider
McCormick Patent Reaping Machine (1857)
McCormick Automatic Self-Rake Reaper (1858)
Bahan Kuliah TMP Dr. Radite P.A.S., Sept 2012
"Old Reliable" of 1864
Bahan Kuliah TMP Dr. Radite P.A.S., Sept 2012
McCormick Harvester and Binder (1876)
McCormick Light Steel Binder built in 1888
McCormick-Deering Tractor Binder
McCormick-Deering Reaper with thresher
Bahan Kuliah TMP Dr. Radite P.A.S., Sept 2012
Bahan Kuliah TMP Dr. Radite P.A.S., Sept 2012
MESIN PANEN HORTIKULTUR
Cabbage harvester Air-cooled gasoline, 8.9PS, hydrostatic
transmission (HST)
The machine pulls out a cabbage from the
ground by contra-rotating twin augers, and
cut off the head from outer leaves, and put
them into the container. The container is
hundled by the fork-lift installed on the rear
portion of the machine.
By the field test, the harvester cut a head
within one to two seconds with few damages
and losses. 150 cabbage heads were stored in
the container, and harvested 3 ares per hour.
Burdock harvester
39PS(diesel) , 0 to 2.3 m/s
After loosening the soil around the burdocks
located 1 to 1.2m deep in soil by the
oscillating digger, the machine holds them by
belts and pulls them out of soil. A working
team comprises one operator and one
assistant who grades the harvested burdocks.
It is applicable to the field where the distance
between rows is 60cm or more, and the
headland width necessary for turning is about
4.5m.
The harvesting efficiency is about 2.6 ares
per hour, including the time to transship on
the truck.
Universal tuber root harvester
Water-cooled diesel 46PS, hydrostatic
transmission (HST)
The harvester has the function of digging crops,
removing leaves and stalks, manual sorting, and
loading into tank. It is available for harvesting
potato, sweet potato, taro (Colocasia
antiquorum) and short-rooted carrot. It can
surely remove the stalks of sweet potato, and
separate the daughter tubers from the mother
crop of taro while passing through the digging
conveyer.So, the machine provides high
harvesting efficiency and easy unloading.
Bahan Kuliah TMP Dr. Radite P.A.S., Sept 2012
1. Driving Seat 10. Small potato tank
2. Leading roller 11. Damping conveyer
3. Digging knife 12. Rotary conveyer
4. Colter 13. Forward feeding conveyer
5. Soil separating conveyer 14. Second snapping roller
6. Vibrator 15. Small potato removing roller
7. Small taro separating conveyer 16. Sorting conveyer
8. First snapping roller 17. Unloading tank
9. Stalk leaf guide 18. Rubber crawler
Stawberry Harvester One-wheel drive three-wheeler type harvesting aid,
Machine weight 90kg, ridge 1,000~1,300mm
The machine allows effective harvesting from
your sitting position. The one-wheel drive vehicle
uses the guide wheel to provide automatic steering
along the ridge, while the two-wheel drive vehicle
utilizes micro-computer control for automatic
steering along the ridge. The maximum traveling
speed is 5cm/s and can be adjusted as desired.
Harvested strawberry can be mounted on the
loading space up to 60kg.
Two-wheel drive four-wheeler type harvesting
aid, weight 116 kg, ridge 1,000~1,300mm
It allows ridge transference even when the
headland width is about 0.7m. The two-wheel
drive four-wheeler type harvesting aid has
excellent traveling performances on a swampland,
and is equipped with a seat on the right and left to
facilitate your work in both ways.
Bahan Kuliah TMP Dr. Radite P.A.S., Sept 2012
Vebetable and Paddy Transplanter
Small Head-feeding Combine Harvester for Hilly and Mountainous Areas
Intra-Row Weeder for Upland Field
Applicable tray For pulp mold cell pot seedling
For cell tray seedling, TypeA For cell tray seedling, Type B
60 hills per minute, per row, continuous planting is possible. Planting accuracy is excellent with very few misplanted hills.Working efficiency by one operator is 1hr/10a
Bahan Kuliah TMP Dr. Radite P.A.S., Sept 2012
Robots to milk their cows
I-STEP 04Juli 2012 Dr. Radite P.A.Setiawan, IPB
Center Pivot
Center pivot system is envisioned to
transport the application device for the
variable application of both chemicals
and water
Computer control