ii

RANCANG BANGUN SISTEM INFORMASI

GEOGRAFIS PEMETAAN PERSEBARAN

KRIMINALITAS DI KOTA DENPASAR

TUGAS AKHIR

Diajukan guna memenuhi sebagian persyaratan dalam rangka menyelesaikan

Pendidikan Sarjana Strata Satu (S1) Program Studi Teknologi Informasi

FEBE NIKEN DAMAYANTI

NIM. 1104505094

JURUSAN TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI

FAKULTAS TEKNIK

UNIVERSITAS UDAYANA

2015

iii

LEMBAR PERNYATAAN

Saya menyatakan dengan sebenarnya bahwa Tugas Akhir ini belum pernah

diajukan oleh penulis lain untuk memperoleh gelar kesarjanaan di suatu perguruan

tinggi sepanjang pengetahuan saya, juga tidak terdapat karya atau pendapat yang

pernah ditulis atau diterbitkan oleh orang lain, kecuali yang secara tertulis diacu

dalam naskah ini disebutkan dalam daftar pustaka.

Denpasar, Juli 2015

Febe Niken Damayanti

iv

v

vi

KATA PENGANTAR

Puji syukur kepada Tuhan Yesus karena kasih dan anugerahNya penulis

dapat menyelesaikan tugas akhir yang berjudul “Rancang Bangun Sistem

Informasi Geografis Pemetaan Persebaran Kriminalitas di Kota Denpasar”.

Tanpa bantuan dan dukungan dari berbagai pihak, penulis tidak dapat

menyelesaikan laporan ini. Maka dari pada itu, penulis ingin menyampaikan rasa

terima kasih kepada:

1. Bapak Prof. Ir. Ngakan Putu Gede Suardana, MT., Ph.D., selaku Dekan

Fakultas Teknik Universitas Udayana

2. Bapak Dr. Eng. I Putu Agung Bayupati, S.T., MT., selaku Ketua Jurusan

Teknologi Informasi, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Udayana.

3. Bapak Putu Wira Buana, S.Kom., M.T., selaku pembimbing akademik.

4. Bapak I Nyoman Piarsa, S.T., M.T., selaku dosen pembimbing I dan

Bapak I Made Sukarsa, S.T., M.T., selaku dosen pembimbing II yang telah

memberikan banyak petunjuk, arahan, bimbingan, dan motivasi selama

penyusunan laporan dan aplikasi tugas akhir ini.

5. Keluarga yang penulis kasihi serta Kristian Ully yang telah mendukung

baik secara moril maupun materi selama penyusunan tugas akhir.

6. Tim GIS’11, Charaka, Olin, Oka, Agus Lombok, Sueca, Sitta, Aldi, Arya,

yang sudah memberikan banyak bantuan ilmu selama pembuatan aplikasi.

7. Sundari, Tari, Gita, Dea, Putri, Adi, Yudi, Dhanan, dan teman-teman

angkatan 2011 yang selalu membantu dalam segala hal selama masa

perkuliahan, semoga persahabatan kita tidak berakhir.

Penulis menyadari bahwa tugas akhir ini masih jauh dari sempurna. Akhir

kata, penulis memohon maaf jika ada kesalahan dalam penulisan tugas akhir ini.

Denpasar, Juli 2015

Febe Niken Damayanti

vii

ABSTRAK

Tindakan kriminalitas terjadi tidak mengenal waktu dan tempat, yang

dapat merugikan masyarakat secara material maupun non material. Banyaknya

kejadian kriminal di berbagai tempat dengan waktu yang berbeda, menjadi

kendala bagi pihak terkait untuk menentukan daerah yang memiliki tingkat

kerawanan kriminalitas tinggi, sehingga dibutuhkan sebuah sistem untuk

membantu memberikan informasi kerawanan kejahatan pada suatu daerah. Sistem

Informasi Geografis Pemetaan Persebaran Kriminalitas di Kota Denpasar berbasis

web dirancang untuk menampilkan peta berisi informasi pola persebaran

kriminalitas di Kota Denpasar menggunakan Google Maps dan Metode Single

Exponential Smoothing. Fitur Google Maps yang mendukung sistem ini yaitu

fitur polygon untuk menggambar daerah dan Geometry Library untuk menghitung

luas daerah. Output aplikasi yang dihasilkan yaitu peta informasi serta grafik

tindak kejahatan yang terjadi, yang dikelompokkan berdasarkan kelurahan di Kota

Denpasar. Peramalan jumlah kriminalitas pada bulan selanjutnya dihitung dengan

Metode Single Exponential Smoothing, dengan tingkat akurasi persentase

kesalahan di bawah 17%.

Kata kunci: Kriminalitas, Pemetaan Kriminalitas, Sistem Informasi Geografis,

Kota Denpasar

viii

ABSTRACT

Crime occurs without knowing time and place, which can be detrimental

to the public either materially or non-material. The number of the criminal

incidents in different places with the different times becomes an obstacle for the

parties concerned to determine the areas that have a high level of vulnerability

crime, therefore it is needed a system to help provide vulnerability criminality

information. The web-based Geographic Information Systems Spread Mapping

Crime in Denpasar is designed to display a map contains information of the

criminal distribution pattern in Denpasar using Google Maps and Single

Exponential Smoothing Methods. Google Maps feature that supports this system

are Polygon feature to draw the areas and Geometry Library to calculate the area.

The generation of the output application is map information along with the graphs

of crime committed, which is grouped by the district in Denpasar. The forecasting

of the amount of the criminality in the next month is calculated by Single

Exponential Smoothing Method, with the degree of accuracy error percentage

below 17%.

Keywords: Criminality, Crime Mapping, Geographic Information Systems,

Denpasar

ix

DAFTAR ISI

Hal.

HALAMAN SAMPUL ................................................................................... i

HALAMAN JUDUL ...................................................................................... ii

LEMBAR PERNYATAAN ........................................................................... iii

LEMBAR PENGESAHAN TUGAS AKHIR .............................................. iv

BERITA ACARA TUGAS AKHIR .............................................................. v

KATA PENGANTAR .................................................................................... vi

ABSTRAK ...................................................................................................... vii

ABSTRACT ..................................................................................................... viii

DAFTAR ISI ................................................................................................... ix

DAFTAR GAMBAR ...................................................................................... xii

DAFTAR TABEL .......................................................................................... xiv

DAFTAR KODE PROGRAM ...................................................................... xv

DAFTAR PERSAMAAN............................................................................... xvi

BAB I PENDAHULUAN ............................................................................... 1

1.1 Latar Belakang ........................................................................................ 1

1.2 Rumusan Masalah ................................................................................... 2

1.3 Batasan Masalah ..................................................................................... 2

1.4 Tujuan ..................................................................................................... 2

1.5 Manfaat ................................................................................................... 3

1.6 Sistematika Penulisan ............................................................................. 3

BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA .................................................................... 5

2.1 State of the Art ........................................................................................ 5

2.2 Kriminalitas ............................................................................................ 7

2.3 Sistem ..................................................................................................... 8

2.4 Informasi ................................................................................................. 8

2.5 Sistem Informasi ..................................................................................... 9

2.6 Geografis................................................................................................. 9

2.7 Sistem Informasi Geografis .................................................................... 9

2.7.1 Jenis Data Sistem Informasi Geografis .................................... 10

2.7.1.1 Data Spasial ........................................................... 10

2.7.1.2 Data Atribut ........................................................... 10

2.7.2 Kemampuan Sistem Informasi Geografis ................................ 10

2.7.3 Metode Sistem Informasi Geografis ......................................... 11

2.8 Peta ......................................................................................................... 11

2.9 Google Maps ........................................................................................... 12

2.9.1 Google Maps API ..................................................................... 13

2.10 Perancangan Sistem ................................................................................ 13

2.10.1 Diagram Konteks ...................................................................... 14

2.10.2 Entity Relationship Diagram .................................................... 15

2.10.1.1 Kardinalitas Relasi ................................................. 15

2.10.1.2 Langkah Perancangan Teknik ER ......................... 16

x

2.10.3 Data Flow Diagram .................................................................. 17

2.10.3.1 Komponen Data Flow Diagram ............................. 17

2.11 Database ................................................................................................. 18

2.11.1 Proses Perancangan Database .................................................. 19

2.11.2 Structure Query Language (SQL) ............................................ 19

2.11.1.1 Data Definition Language (DDL) ......................... 20

2.11.1.2 Data Manipulation Language (DML) ................... 20

2.11.1.3 Data Control Language (DCL) ............................. 20

2.12 Web Service ............................................................................................ 20

2.13 Bahasa Pemrograman Web ..................................................................... 21

2.13.1 PHP ........................................................................................... 22

2.13.2 Javascript .................................................................................. 22

2.14 JSON ....................................................................................................... 23

2.14.1 JSON dalam Javascript ............................................................. 23

2.15 Peramalan ............................................................................................... 24

2.15.1 Metode Exponential Smoothing ............................................... 25

2.15.1.1 Single Exponential Smoothing .............................. 25

2.15.1.2 Contoh Peramalan dengan SES ............................. 27

2.16 Pengukuran Kesalahan............................................................................ 32

BAB III PERANCANGAN SISTEM ........................................................... 35

3.1 Alur Analisis ........................................................................................... 35

3.2 Data ......................................................................................................... 37

3.2.1 Sumber Data ............................................................................. 37

3.2.2 Metode Pengumpulan Data ...................................................... 37

3.3 Bahasa Pemrograman ............................................................................. 37

3.4 Gambaran Umum Sistem ........................................................................ 37

3.5 Gambaran Umum Arsitektur Sistem Informasi Geografis ..................... 38

3.6 Diagram Konteks .................................................................................... 39

3.7 Diagram Jenjang ..................................................................................... 41

3.7.1 Data Flow Diagram Level 0 ..................................................... 44

3.7.2 Data Flow Diagram Level 1 ..................................................... 46

3.7.2.1 Data Flow Diagram Level 1 Login ........................ 46

3.7.2.2 Data Flow Diagram Level 1 Manajemen

Data Kriminal ........................................................ 46

3.7.2.3 Data Flow Diagram Level 1 Manajemen

Data Wilayah ......................................................... 47

3.7.2.4 Data Flow Diagram Level 1 Pencarian Data ......... 48

3.7.2.5 Data Flow Diagram Level 1 Laporan .................... 49

3.8 Perancangan Database............................................................................ 50

3.8.1 Entity Relationship Diagram .................................................... 50

3.8.2 Struktur Data Tabel .................................................................. 51

3.8.2.1 Tabel Kecamatan ................................................... 51

3.8.2.2 Tabel Kelurahan .................................................... 52

3.8.2.3 Tabel Detail Kejahatan .......................................... 53

3.8.2.4 Tabel Kejahatan ..................................................... 56

3.8.2.5 Tabel Jajaran .......................................................... 56

xi

3.8.2.6 Tabel User ............................................................. 57

3.8.2.7 Tabel Level ............................................................ 59

3.8.3 Hubungan Antar Tabel ............................................................. 59

3.9 Implementasi Metode Poligon ................................................................ 60

3.10 Kebutuhan Hardware dan Software ....................................................... 61

3.10.1 Kebutuhan Hardware ............................................................... 61

3.10.2 Kebutuhan Software ................................................................. 61

3.11 Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) Sistem Informasi Geografis

Pemetaan Kriminalitas ............................................................................ 62

3.11.1 SOP Penambahan Wilayah ....................................................... 62

3.11.2 SOP Pengubahan Wilayah ........................................................ 63

3.11.3 SOP Penambahan Data Master ................................................. 63

3.11.4 SOP Peramalan Data ................................................................ 64

3.12 Perancangan Sistem ................................................................................ 65

3.12.1 Tampil Peta ............................................................................... 65

3.12.2 Tampil Poligon ......................................................................... 65

3.12.3 Pewarnaan Poligon ................................................................... 66

3.12.4 Teknik Snapping ....................................................................... 67

BAB IV PENGUJIAN DAN ANALISIS HASIL ......................................... 69

4.1 Pengujian Sistem .................................................................................... 69

4.1.1 Implementasi Antarmuka User Side ......................................... 69

4.1.1.1 Tampilan Awal ...................................................... 69

4.1.1.2 Tampilan Statistik .................................................. 76

4.1.1.3 Tampilan Pelayanan Masyarakat ........................... 76

4.1.2 Implementasi Antarmuka Administrator .................................. 77

4.1.2.1 Tampilan Login...................................................... 78

4.1.2.2 Tampilan Administrator ........................................ 78

4.1.2.3 Tampilan Data Kejahatan ...................................... 81

4.1.2.4 Tampilan Data Jajaran ........................................... 85

4.1.2.5 Tampilan Data User ............................................... 86

4.1.2.6 Tampilan Hasil Peramalan Kriminalitas ................ 86

4.1.2.7 Tampilan Report Data ........................................... 91

4.2 Analisa Sistem ........................................................................................ 92

4.2.1 Analisa Kebutuhan Sistem ....................................................... 92

4.2.2 Analisa Kebutuhan Informasi ................................................... 93

4.2.3 Kelebihan dan Kekurangan Sistem .......................................... 93

BAB V PENUTUP .......................................................................................... 94

5.1 Simpulan ................................................................................................. 95

5.2 Saran ....................................................................................................... 96

DAFTAR PUSTAKA

xii

DAFTAR GAMBAR

Hal.

Gambar 2.1 Hasil Pendefinisian Objek JSON ................................................. 24

Gambar 3.1 Alur Analisis ................................................................................ 35

Gambar 3.2 Gambaran Umum Arsitektur Sistem Informasi Geografis ........... 39

Gambar 3.3 Diagram Konteks.......................................................................... 40

Gambar 3.4 Diagram Jenjang ........................................................................... 42

Gambar 3.5 DFD Level 0 ................................................................................. 45

Gambar 3.6 DFD Level 1 Login ...................................................................... 46

Gambar 3.7 DFD Level 1 Manajemen Data Kriminal ..................................... 47

Gambar 3.8 DFD Level 1 Manajemen Data Wilayah ...................................... 48

Gambar 3.9 DFD Level 1 Pencarian Data ....................................................... 49

Gambar 3.10 DFD Level 1 Laporan ................................................................ 49

Gambar 3.11 ERD ............................................................................................ 50

Gambar 3.12 Hubungan Antar Tabel ............................................................... 60

Gambar 3.13 Metode Poligon .......................................................................... 60

Gambar 3.14 SOP Penambahan Wilayah......................................................... 62

Gambar 3.15 SOP Pengubahan Wilayah ......................................................... 63

Gambar 3.16 SOP Pengubahan Wilayah ......................................................... 64

Gambar 3.17 SOP Peramalan Data .................................................................. 64

Gambar 4.1 Tampilan Awal User Side ............................................................ 71

Gambar 4.2 Tampilan Info Window ................................................................ 72

Gambar 4.3 Modal Filter Peta Berdasarkan Wilayah ...................................... 73

Gambar 4.4 Hasil Filter Peta Berdasarkan Wilayah ........................................ 73

Gambar 4.5 Hasil Filter Peta Berdasarkan Periode ......................................... 75

Gambar 4.6 Hasil Filter Peta Berdasarkan Kejahatan ..................................... 75

Gambar 4.7 Tampilan Statistik User Side ....................................................... 76

Gambar 4.8 Tampilan Pelayanan Masyarakat ................................................. 77

Gambar 4.9 Tampilan Pelayanan Masyarakat per Marker .............................. 77

Gambar 4.10 Tampilan Login .......................................................................... 78

Gambar 4.11 Tampilan Awal Administrator ................................................... 79

Gambar 4.12 Tampilan Panel Map .................................................................. 79

Gambar 4.13 Tampilan Panel Edit Mode On ................................................... 80

Gambar 4.14 Edit Posisi Poligon ..................................................................... 80

Gambar 4.15 Edit Data Poligon ....................................................................... 81

Gambar 4.16 Hapus Data Poligon .................................................................... 81

Gambar 4.17 Tampilan Data Kejahatan ........................................................... 82

Gambar 4.18 Halaman Cetak Laporan ............................................................. 82

Gambar 4.19 Form Tambah Data Kejahatan ................................................... 83

Gambar 4.20 Tambah Data Kejahatan di Peta ................................................. 84

Gambar 4.21 Form Tambah Marker Kejahatan ............................................... 84

Gambar 4.22 Tampilan Data Jajaran ................................................................ 85

Gambar 4.23 Tampilan Pengubahan Data Jajaran ........................................... 86

xiii

Gambar 4.24 Tampilan Data User ................................................................... 86

Gambar 4.25 Hasil Peramalan Kriminalitas..................................................... 90

Gambar 4.26 Grafik Kejahatan Perbulan ......................................................... 91

Gambar 4.27 Grafik Kejahatan Pertahun ......................................................... 92

xiv

DAFTAR TABEL

Hal.

Tabel 2.1 Lambang pada Diagram Konteks ..................................................... 14

Tabel 2.2 Notasi ERD ...................................................................................... 15

Tabel 2.3 Data Permintaan Susu Yogurt .......................................................... 27

Tabel 2.4 SES Alpha 0.1 .................................................................................. 27

Tabel 2.5 Hasil SES Alpha 0.2 – 0.9................................................................ 30

Tabel 2.6 Hasil akhir Peramalan ...................................................................... 32

Tabel 2.7 Tabel Contoh Pengukuran Kesalahan .............................................. 33

Tabel 2.8 Tabel Kesalahan Absolut ................................................................. 33

Tabel 2.9 Tabel Kesalahan Relatif ................................................................... 34

Tabel 2.10 Hasil Pengukuran Kesalahan ......................................................... 34

Tabel 3.1 Struktur Data Tabel tb_kecamatan ................................................... 51

Tabel 3.2 Contoh Tabel tb_kecamatan ............................................................ 51

Tabel 3.3 Struktur Data Tabel tb_kelurahan .................................................... 52

Tabel 3.4 Contoh Data Tabel tb_kelurahan ..................................................... 53

Tabel 3.5 Struktur Data Tabel tb_det_kejahatan.............................................. 53

Tabel 3.6 Contoh Data Tabel tb_det_kejahatan ............................................... 55

Tabel 3.7 Struktur Data Tabel tb_kejahatan .................................................... 56

Tabel 3.8 Contoh Data Tabel tb_kejahatan ...................................................... 56

Tabel 3.9 Struktur Data Tabel tb_jajaran ......................................................... 56

Tabel 3.10 Contoh Data Tabel tb_jajaran ........................................................ 57

Tabel 3.11 Struktur Data Tabel tb_user ........................................................... 58

Tabel 3.12 Contoh Data Tabel tb_user ............................................................ 58

Tabel 3.13 Struktur Data Tabel tb_level .......................................................... 59

Tabel 3.14 Contoh Data Tabel tb_level ........................................................... 59

Tabel 4.1 Hasil Perhitungan Kategori Kriminalitas ......................................... 71

Tabel 4.2 Hasil Perhitungan Kategori Berdasarkan Periode ............................ 74

Tabel 4.3 Hasil Perhitungan Manual SES (a) .................................................. 88

Tabel 4.4 Hasil Perhitungan Manual SES (b) .................................................. 90

Tabel 4.3 Perhitungan Akurasi Peramalan ....................................................... 91

xv

DAFTAR KODE PROGRAM

Hal.

Kode Program 2.1 Contoh Script untuk Mendefinisikan JSON ...................... 24

Kode Program 3.1 Menampilkan Peta ............................................................. 65

Kode Program 3.2 Menampilkan Poligon ........................................................ 66

Kode Program 3.3 Pewarnaan Poligon ............................................................ 67

Kode Program 3.4 Teknik Snapping ................................................................ 68

xvi

DAFTAR PERSAMAAN

Hal.

St ................................................................................................................................................................................ 25

MAE ................................................................................................................. 26

MSE ................................................................................................................. 26

MAPE .............................................................................................................. 26

Error ................................................................................................................ 28