pti444.05.a - pengembangan si

7/29/2019 PTI444.05.a - Pengembangan SI

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Didik Dwi P

[email protected]

Pengembangan Sistem


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Tujuan

Memahami konsep dasar, tahapan, siklus hidup, danmetodologi pengembangan sistem (systemsdevelopment).


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Topik Bahasan

Pengembangan sistem (systems development)Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC)

Pendekatan dan metodologi pengembangan sistem


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Pengembangan Sistem

Systems development creating or altering systems.Background:

Problems

Urgensi sistem

Opportunities

Capture market opportunities

Enhance productivity

Improve qualityof services

DirectivesKebijakan, peraturan, dll


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SDLC

SDLC phase that encompasses the planning,analysis, design, and implementation phases of thesystem life cycle (McLeod).

SDLC process of creating or altering systems, and

the models and methodologies that people use todevelop these systems.

SDLC provides overall framework for managingsystem development process (Hedrington).


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SDLC

Two main approaches to SDLC:Traditional approach: structured systems development

and information engineering

Object-oriented approach: object technologies requires

different approach to analysis, design, andprogramming

All projects use some variation of SDLC


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SDLC - Karakteristik

Systems development projectPlanned undertaking with fixed beginning and end

Produces desired result or product

Can be a large job of thousands of hours of effort or a

small one month projectSuccessful development project:

Provides a detailed plan to follow

Organized (tasks and activities)

Produces reliable, robust, and efficient system


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Tahapan SDLC (Hedrington)

Project planning: initiate, ensure feasibility, planschedule, obtain approval for project

Analysis: understand business needs and processingrequirements

Design: define solution system based on requirementsand analysis decisions

Implementation: construction, testing, user training, and

installation of new systemSupport: keep system running and improve


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Tahapan SDLC


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Tahapan SDLC

Definisi proyek, studi sistem, desain,

pemrograman, instalasi, dan pascainstalasi

Laudon & Laudon

(1998)

Perencanaan, analisis, perancangan, implementasiMcLeod (1998)

Identifikasi dan seleksi proyek, inisiasi dan

perencanaan proyek, analisis, perancangan logis,

perancangan fisik, implementasi, dan perawatan

Hoffer, George, dan

Valacich (1998)

Studi kelayakan, rencana awal, analisis sistem, desain

sistem, dan implementasi sistem

Fabbri dan Schwab

(1992)

Inisiasi, pengembangan, implementasi, dan operasi

dan perawatan

Alter (1992)Tahapan-tahapan dalam SDLCSumber

Definisi proyek, studi sistem, desain,

pemrograman, instalasi, dan pascainstalasi

Laudon & Laudon

(1998)

Perencanaan, analisis, perancangan, implementasiMcLeod (1998)

Identifikasi dan seleksi proyek, inisiasi dan

perencanaan proyek, analisis, perancangan logis,

perancangan fisik, implementasi, dan perawatan

Hoffer, George, dan

Valacich (1998)

Studi kelayakan, rencana awal, analisis sistem, desain

sistem, dan implementasi sistem

Fabbri dan Schwab

(1992)

Inisiasi, pengembangan, implementasi, dan operasi

dan perawatan

Alter (1992)Tahapan-tahapan dalam SDLCSumber


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SDLC and problem-solving

Similar to problem-solving approachOrganization recognizes problem (Project Planning)

Project team investigates, understands problem andsolution requirements (Analysis)

Solution is specified in detail (Design)

System that solves problem built and installed(Implementation)

System used, maintained, and enhanced to continue toprovide intended benefits (Support)


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Tahap Perencanaan

Set objectivesDefine business problem and scope

Produce detailed project schedule

Confirm project feasibilityEconomic, organizational, technical, resource, and

schedule

Identify constraints


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Tahap Analisis

Gather information to learnproblem domainDefine system requirements

Build prototypes for discovery of requirements

Prioritize requirementsGenerate and evaluate alternatives

Review recommendations with management


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Tahap Desain

Design and integrate the networkDesign the application architecture

Design the user interfaces

Design the system interfacesDesign and integrate the database

Prototype for design details

Design and integrate system controls


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Tahap Implementasi

Constructsoftware componentsVerify and test

Convert data

Train users and document the systemInstall the system


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Tahap Dukungan

Maintain systemSmall patches, repairs, and updates

Enhance system

Small upgrades or enhancements to expand system

capabilities

Support users

Help desk and/or support team


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Pendekatan Pengembangan Sistem

WaterfallEvolusioner

Spiral*

Unified Process*

* Current trends in development


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Model Waterfall


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Fase model Waterfall

Analisa dan definisi kebutuhanDesain sistem dan software

Implementasi dan unit testing

Integrasi dan testing sistemOperasi dan maintenance


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Permasalahan model Waterfall

Kekurangan utama dari model waterfall adalahkesulitan untuk mengakomodasi perubahan setelahproses berjalan

Tidak fleksibel dalam pembagian proyek ke dalam

tingkat yang berbedaSulit untuk merespon perubahan kebutuhan konsumen

Sehingga model ini hanya cocok jika kebutuhan sudahdimengerti dengan baik


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Pengembangan Evolusioner


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Pengembangan Evolusioner

PermasalahanTidak ada visibilitas proses

Sistem biasanya tidak terstruktur dengan baik

Kemampuan khusus (misalnya bahasa untuk prototipe

cepat) kemungkinan diperlukanAplikasi

Untuk sistem interaktif berukuran kecil atau medium

Untuk bagian dari sistem besar (misalnya user interface)

Untuk sistem dengan daur hidup pendek


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Spiral


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Unified Process (UP)


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Metodologi

Recommended way of doing something (McLeod)

Comprehensive guidelines to follow for completingevery SDLC activity (Hedrington)

Kesatuan metode-metode, prosedur-prosedur, konsep-

konsep pekerjaan, aturan-aturan dan postulat-postulatyang digunakan oleh suatu ilmu pengetahuan, seni ataudisiplin lainnya (Jogiyanto).

Collection ofmodels, tools, and techniques.


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Model

Representation of an important aspect of real world, butnot same as real thing

Abstraction used to separate out aspect

Diagrams and charts

Project planning and budgeting aids


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Model


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Tools and Techniques

Tools

Software support that helps create models or otherrequired project components

Range from simple drawing programs to complex CASEtools

Techniques

Collection of guidelines that help analyst completesystem development activity or task

Can be step-by-step instructions or just general advice


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Tools


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Techniques


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Relasi Komponen Metodologi

M d l i P b Si


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Metodologi Pengembangan Sistem

Functional decomposition methodologies

Dekomposisi sistem ke subsistem.

Data-oriented methodologies

Memfokuskan karakteristik data

Jenis: data flow dan data structure

Prescriptive methodologies

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