Peranan Mangrove DalamMendukung Budidaya Perikanan

Tinjauan dari sisi Standardisasi ProdukUdang, Kualitas Lingkungan

dan Perubahan Iklim

OlehNyoman Suryadiputra

TOPIK BAHASAN

• Persebaran Mangrove di Indonesia & Permasalahannya

• Peranan Mangroves dalam KonteksPerubahan Iklim (Mitigasi & Adaptasi) & Blue karbon

• Peranan Mangrove dalam SertifikasiProduk Udang & KesehatanLingkungan

COASTAL WETLANDS IN INDONESIAvalues and benefits, threats and measures to protect and restore them

Components: Estuaries, Coral reefs, Seagrass beds, Ponds, fresh/ brackish water and peat swamps, beach forests, Mangroves, Lagoons, Bays

Mountain

Upland

Lowland

Inter-tidal wetlands: 40 mill ha

The “Coastal Zone”-stored & sequestered C but it also sources of C

Near Shore Off ShoreRiver

Estuary

Mangrove

lagoonPeatland, freshwater swamps

Shrimp ponds

mudflat

Coral ReefsSalt pansRice fields

Sea grass

Tsunami & Climate change : More pressure activities towards inland

Removal of upland forests threatened downstream livelihood & fishery

presure

Distribusi Mangrove di Indonesia *)No Region

Original size(ha)

Fish Ponds/Tambak

(ha)

Remaining(ha)

Protected(ha)

1 Sumatera 857,000 43,514 485,025 61,9002 Kalimantan 1,092,000 9,370 353,450 78,0003 Java and Bali 171,500 109,013 19,577 2,6004 Nusa Tenggara 38,600 5,207 25,300 2,5005 Sulawesi 272,500 82,394 97,902 6,3006 Maluku 197,500 68 100,000 21,5007 Irian Jaya 4,129,000 68 2,450,185 680,900

Total 6,758,100 249,634 3,441,439 853,700

*) Sumber : Wetland Data Base 1997. Wetlands International –Indonesia Programme

PPSDAL–Bakosurtanal (2009) : Total Indonesia’s Mangrove = 3,244,018 Ha)

Spalding M., et al., 2010 in the World Atlas of Mangroves (Indonesia was reported to have 3,189,359 Ha

Distribusi Mangrove di Jawa (1997)

Provinces in Java Kondisi / Conditions of Mangrove Luas/Area

Mangrove(ha)

LuasTambak/

Ponds Area (ha)

Kerusakantinggi/

severely degraded

KerusakanSedang/

moderately degraded

Baik/ good

condition

Jawa Barat/ WestJava (incl Banten& Jakarta)

66.873(52 %)

61.346(47 %)

77,03(0,06 %)

128.297 43.022(33,5 %)

JawaTengah/CentralJava

61.194(64 %)

31.237(33 %)

2.906(3 %)

95.338 29.665(31 %)

Jawa Timur/EastJava

57.302(59 %)

40.409(41 %)

0(0 %)

97.712 58,843(60 %)

Luas total 185.369(57 %)

132.992(42 %)

2.983,03(0,9 %)

321.347 131.530(41 %) *

PPSDAL–Bakosurtanal (2009) : Total Indonesia’s Mangrove = 3,244,018 Ha)

Spalding M., et al., 2010 in the World Atlas of Mangroves (Indonesia was reported to have 3,189,359 Ha

*) if sylvo-fishery adopted about 26 million ton CO2 can be sequestered in 10 yrs

Luas Tambak di Indonesia

0

50,000

100,000

150,000

200,000

250,000

Sum

ater

a

Jaw

a

Bal

i

Nus

aTe

ngga

ra

Kal

iman

tan

Sul

awes

i

Mal

uku

Pap

ua

RTP (Unit)Luas tambak (Ha)Produksi (Ton)

Sumber: DKP - Direktorat Perikanan Budidaya (2004)

Total Brackish water Ponds in Indonesia 438.010 ha

Total Present Mangrove area : 3.2 Million Ha from previously 7.2 Million Ha

Penyebab Berkurangnya LuasanMangrove di Indonesia

• Alih Fungsi (tambak, infrastruktur publik, jalanraya, bangunan, pertanian, perkebunan etc)

• Bencana alam (subsidense dan terangkat, tsunami, erosi substrat, dll)

• Restorasi Kurang Tepat (pembangunan sea wall, jetty/wave breaker/pemecah gelombang)

• Kurang pemahaman akan Nilai (stok karbon, biodiversity, produktivitas alami, perlindunganpantai dll)

• Isue kebijakan dan penegakan hukum (sabukhijau, tata ruang dll)

Alih Fungsi Mangrove untuk berbagaikeperluan

MANGROVE CLEARING IN DELTA MAHAKAM FOR TAMBAK SHRIMP POND - 2001

Mangrove conversion into saltpans in Eretan Kulon

ABRASION ALONG THE ERETAN KULON COAST- INDRAMAYU DAMAGING SHRIMP PONDS - 2000

Abrasi di Muara Gembong

Landsat 3 Mei 1989 Ikonos 12 Juni 2003

Perbandingan keadaan kawasan di Muara Gembong dan sekitarnya pada tahun 1989 (Kiri) dan tahun 2003 (kanan). Lingkaran merahmenunjukkan kawasan yang mengalami abrasi sangat parah.

N

Conversion to shrimp ponds : Muara Gembong ?

Photo taken by Yus Rusila Noor, WIIP (Jakarta Bay 2010)

LUAHA TALU/ Laguna Teluk Belukar : PENGAMBILAN PASIR LAUT•Water Surface area Laguna = 47,4 ha ; max depth 14 m• Area of mangrove = 66 ha• Salinitas: 30ppt (0,1-2,5m) - 35ppt (at > 13 m)• 20 true mangrove species, 8 mammals, 49 birds species• threatened by land 33 speculators, road construction, sand mining etc

Man-made disaster

Bencana Alam Tsunami di Aceh Des 2004

Up Lifted Substrate (above) & Subsided (below)Up Lifted Substrate (above) & Subsided (below)Mangrove removal due to behaviour

of sea Current

Sebelum tsunami 2004 (Foto diambil 2003)

Setelah tsunami 2004 (Foto diambil 2007)

400 m loss (2km length)

New settlement

Bukit temega

Pemecah Gelombang di Lham Dingin Aceh dibangun setelah Tsunami ~ 16 km length.

Pembangunan Sea WallPembangunan Sea Wall

LhamDingin 11 September 2005 Lham Dingin 17 September 2005

The sea wall

Banjir di Lham Dingin setelah dibangunnya Sea Wall

Coastal abrasion in Candi Dasa Bali due to coral reefs removal

Artificial wave breaker to mitigate coastal abrasionSpoilt the beauty of Candi dasa beach

Abrasi Pesisir di Candi Dasa Bali : ganti dengan batu-batu

Nilai Jasa Lingkungan & EkonomiMangrove

Provisioning services A.1 PerikananA.2 Kayu dan Non Kayu (madu dll)

B Regulating services/ Jasa pengaturB.1 Pengatur Iklim Micro B.2 Pengendali PencemaranB.3 Pertahanan Alami terhadap Bencana& Hankamrata

C. Cultural services / Jasa budayaC.1 Eco-wisataC.2 Pendidikan

D Supporting servicesD.1 Jasa NutrisiD.2 Biodiversity pool

Data Oceanografi & Penanaman bakau

Estimasi MSL = 0,7 m

Estimasi pasang tertinggi= 1,1 m

Estimasi surutterendah 0,1 m

≥ 50cm

≥ 120cm

Tanam bakau di pulau buatan – Teluk Jakarta

Perusakan dandegradasiekosistemmangrove diperkirakanmenghasilkanhingga 10 % dariemisi deforestasiglobal. Padahal, luas hutanmangrove hanya0,7 % dari hutantropis. Indonesia memiliki 3,2 jutahektar mangrove atau 22,6 % mangrove dunia.(CIFOR & USDA 2011)

Mangroves are among the most carbon-rich forests in the tropics, containing on average 1,023Mg ( = 1023 ton ) carbon per hectare. (CIFOR April 2011, Nature Geoscience)

Nilai Simpanan Karbon Yang Tinggi

Mangrove dan Perubahan Iklim

Apa yang menjadi penyebab terjadinyapemanasan global

• Disebabkan oleh peningkatan jumlah Gas Rumah Kaca, diantaranya yaitu : karbondioksida (CO2), metana (CH4), dinitro oksida (N20), hidrufluorokarbon(HFC), perfluorokarbon (PFC) dan sulfurheksafluorida (SF6).

• Diakibatkan oleh pembakaran bahan bakarfosil (minyak bumi/batu bara), penggundulan & kebakaran hutan, pertanian(penggunaan pupuk kimia).

Alternatif penyimpanan CO2

• Serap oleh tanaman lalu tersimpan dalambiomasa tanaman

• Memasukkan CO2 ke dalam tanah (contohpada Enhanced Oil Recovery di sumur-sumur minyak yang telah berproduksi.

• Simpan CO2 ke bawah dasar lautan > 3000m (karena suhu dingin dan tekenan besar BJ CO2 akan jadi > BJ air)

• Mineral karbonisasi, yatu denganmereaksikan CO2 dengan Mg atau Ca oksida sehingga mampu menghasilkanmineral-mineral karbonat.

Coastal restoration: soft, hard & Hybrid Engineering

Tehnik Rehabilitasi : ECO ENGINEERING MALAYSIA 2000

Vegetated coir rolls laid out on site

DEFINITION OF BLUE CARBON *)

• Blue carbon is the carbon stored, sequestered and released from coastal ecosystems including tidal marshes, mangroves and seagrass meadows. Blue carbon in this report and context does not include carbon stored, sequestered and released by the open ocean and closely related ecosystems and organisms.

• Blue carbon activities refer to a suite of coastal ecosystems management activities which result in avoided emissions from conversion and degradation, conservation, coastal management and restoration of coastal ecosystems (enhancement of carbon stocks through restoration and/or afforestation/reforestation)

*IUCN & CI: International Blue Carbon Policy Working Group held from 12-14 July 2011 at CI’s headquarters in Arlington, VA

Carbon cycle and its movements

• Carbon moves from the atmosphere to plants

• Carbon moves from plants to animals

• Carbon moves from plants and animals to the ground

• Carbon moves from living things to the atmosphere

• Carbon moves from fossil fuels to the atmosphere when fuels are burned

Carbon doesn’t stay in one place. It is always on the move!

Bagaimana Budidaya Tambak membantumeredam perubahan iklim

• Vegetation surrounding and within the pond (egmangrove)

• Artificial Feed (pellet)• Phytoplankton, algae & aquatic plants• Water (intake) • Diffusion from air• Respiration & decomposition , etcAs the results to above : Water Quality deterioration and

Siltation • Siltation is overcome by regularly removing the carbon rich

pond sediment (0.37 – 4.2 ton Carbon/Ha/Yr)• Water Quality is improved, e.g. by: aeration and regular

replacement of old water

Sylvo-fishery: DRR + Livelihood + Mitigate CC

A model being promoted in Aceh

DRR

Roles of mangrove trees in pond area

prevent soil slides from dykes (water quality control), biodiversity, shade, organic fertilizer, support green belt, climate mitigation & adaptation etc.

Silvo-fishery pond- Pemalang, Central Java

Proses perombakan limbah organik pada kolam fakultatifdan Peranan Fitoplankton dalam mitigasi perubahan iklim

Drop into water/ sink to bottom

Microbial Reaction (bacteria, yeasts, fungi)

Decomposition Process

Breaking down into smaller

particlesFood for estuarine

organisms (Prawns, fishes, crabs)

molluscs

Nutrient regeneration and

recycling

Used by other lower organisms (plankton)

Marshy soil enriched with detritus

To the Sea Part of OM preserved at

the bottom. Carbon stores

Part of OM preserved at the bottom. Carbon stores

Carbon sink

CO2 absorption

O2 released

Carbon Cycle in coastal mangrove

ecosystem

PEMERINTAH KOTA SERANG

BAPPEDA KOTA

SERANG

SABUK HIJAU KAWASAN CAGAR ALAM PULAU DUAPerda Kota Serang No. 6 Th. 2011

Cagar Alam Pulau Dua

Sabuk Hijau

CAGARBUDAYAMARINA CULTURALPARKRESORTWISATAKULINERREKREASIAIRPELABUANHUNIANMIX-USE

Masterplan Banten Waterfront City

Konsep Awal

500 Ha kawasan hijau, potensial 511,500 ton carbon Atau 1,877,205 ton CO2

PICTORIALS at BB-COP sites, 6 months old trees (photo taken in April 2010)

Gubug Pancing di Teluk Banten

Foto Juni 2012

Perangkap Lumpur di depan CA Pulau Dua

Pembangunan fasilitas objek wisataoleh masyarakat diHutan Mangrove Ds Reroreja, Kab Sikka

NTT

SK Bupati Sikka No 263/HK/2012 terkaitPerlindungan Kawasan Mangrove

PresentasiselanjutnyaterkaitpemetaanMangrove diPulau Flores oleh SdrAswin Rahadian

Cemara Laut, umur 3 tahun : 46,749 kg C (46,7 ton) /2,5 ha. (Atau 18.7 ton C/1Ha dalam 3 tahun). Mangrove, umur 3 tahun : 1,26 ton/ 1 Ha dalam 3 tahun

Aceh : Green Coast project 2005 -2009

. www.wetlands.org/greencoast/en or www.wetlands.or.id

Bisnis udang nasional mencapai US$ 1 milliar per tahun, sebagian besar ekspor untuk konsumen Jepang, Eropa,

AmerikaPendekatan budidaya udang nasional juga menimbulkan

persoalan keamanan pangan, dampak lingkungan, perubahan iklim dan isu-isu sosial.

Disisi lain, konsumen (Eropa, Amerika, Jepang) semakin memperhatikan masalah keamanan pangan dan menerapkan

standard yang harus diikuti produsen jika produknya “diterima”.

Standard ini semakin diperluas, kini mencakup isu sosial dan lingkungan.

Salah satu bentuk standar tersebut disusun dalam mekanisme sertifikasi

• 1970s: commercial shrimp farming started (1970s)• Booming 1980s/1990s to meet demand US, EU & Japan

(Black tiger shrimp, Monodon)• Booming 2000s of Vannamei• Now, Indonesia shrimp export is worth of US$ 1 billion per

year.• However, shrimp culture practices raise public (consumer)

concern over food safety, environmental impact, and social unrest.

• Various activities have been done to address the concern, including Good Aquaculture Practices standard (CBIB) developed by government.

Indonesia Shrimp Aquaculture

Certification• Consumers demand safer product: (1) food safety; (2) farm’s

environmental impact; (3) farm’s social impact• 385 existing certification systems, incl. FT, organic, eco- , etc.• In aquaculture there are 27 (..we identified so far)• Two of these were selected in RSCIP:

1. GlobalGAP: non-Multi Stakeholder, third party (assessor), no label, food safety oriented

2. Aquaculture Stewardship Council: Multi Stakeholder, third party (assessor), label, environment and social impact oriented

Seven ASC PRINCIPLES• Principle 1: National laws and local regulations• Principle 2: Farm siting• Principle 3: Surrounding communities• Principle 4: Responsible labor practices• Principle 5: Manage shrimp health• Principle 6: Broodstock origin, stock selection

and effects of stock management• Principle 7: Use resources in an

environmentally efficient and responsible manner

ASC – Global GAP.

Open Sea

River

River

River

pondsponds

pondsponds

pondsponds

pondsponds

Mandatory green belt (Presidential Decree no 32 year 1990). Total 70 ha, existing forest < 2 ha, 70 ha need to be (manually) rehabilitated by planting mangrove

Mandatory riparian (Ministry of Public Works Decree no 63, year 1993 ). Total 270 ha, existing forest cover 105 ha around 165 ha need to be (manually) rehabilitated.

Existing forested area inside farms, around 75 ha

Area of mangrove need to be maintained/rehabilitated according to ASC

AreaSite

Mahakam Delta Bone BanyuwangiTotal area of cluster (ha) 1318 630 477% Original area of mangrove 80% 80% 60%Total original area of mangrove (ha) 1055 504 286Total area of mangrove need to be maintained/rehabilitated according to ASC (50% original area of mangrove) (ha)

527 252 143

Areas still covered by mangrove (ha) 152 99 116

Remaining damage areas need Rehabilitation (ha) 376 153 27

Some Maps of Project Sites

Land cover change and carbon implication within 1990 - 2010

Land cover

C stok(ton/ha)

1990 2000 2010

Ha Ton C Ha Ton C Ha Ton C

Mangrove

252 - - 8 2,134 121.0 30,512

Pond area

33 410 13,619 339 11,257 333.2 11,076

Land cover

C stok (ton/ha)

1990 2000 2010Ha Ton C Ha Ton C Ha Ton C

Mangrove

264 204 53,985 141 37,199 99 26,180

Pond area

40 487 19,496 512 20,488 515 20,613

Land cover

C stok(ton/ha)

1990 2000 2010

Ha Ton C Ha Ton C Ha Ton C

Mangrove

298 1,274 379,513 370 110,266 221 65,763

Pond area

40 - - 948 37,941 1097 43,922

Site Banyuwangi5 ton C gain /ha/year

Site Bone, Sulawesi2 ton C loss/Ha/yr

Site Delta Mahakam, Kalimantan 11 ton C loss/Ha/Yr

Projection of cumulative avoided CO2 emission under scenario project within 10 years in Banyuwangi Project Area

Banyuwangi's SiteCluster area (Ha) : 477

Area of mangroves & ponds (ha) : 454Remaining damage areas need Rehabilitation to comply withASC standart (Ha)

: 27

Data & Assumption Value SourceSylvofishery development rate (ha/yr) 30 AssumptionBiomass increment (ton/ha/yr) 14.6 (Sukardjo & Yamada, 1992)Carbon increment (ton/ha/yr), 50% C org 7.3 (Sukardjo & Yamada, 1992)Carbon loss of Sediment removal (ton/ha/yr) -12.3 (Field measurement, 2011)Stock carbon pond soil 0 - 30 cm (Ton/ha) 33.24 (Field measurement, 2011)Stock carbon mangrove soil 0 - 30 cm (Ton/ha) 178.37 (Field measurement, 2011)Standing stock carbon mangrove (ton/ha) 73.74 (Field measurement, 2011)C Stock mangrove area (ton/ha) 252.11 (Field measurement, 2011)Ratio of pond bottom area & sediment removal area 0.07 (Field measurement, 2011)Rehabilitation of forest community (ha/yr) 11.26 (Spatial analysis, 2011)Natural mangroves expansion (ha/th) 0.85 (Spatial analysis, 2011)

Bone's SiteCluster area (Ha) : 630.2Area of mangroves & ponds (ha) : 614.0Remaining damage areas need Rehabilitation to comply withASC standart (Ha)

: 153.1

Data & Assumption Value SourceSylvofishery development rate (ha/yr) 50.0 AssumptionBiomass increment (ton/ha/yr) 14.6 (Sukardjo & Yamada, 1992)Carbon increment (ton/ha/yr), 50% C org 7.3 (Sukardjo & Yamada, 1992)Carbon loss of sediment pond removal (ton/ha/yr) -18.1 (Field measurement, 2011)Stock carbon pond soil 0 - 30 cm (Ton/ha) 29.7 (Field measurement, 2011)Stock carbon mangrove soil 0 - 30 cm (Ton/ha) 178.4 (Field measurement, 2011)Standing stock carbon mangrove (ton/ha) 86.1 (Field measurement, 2011)C Stock mangrove area (ton/ha) 264.5 (Field measurement, 2011)Ratio of pond area & sediment pond removal area 0.1 (Field measurement, 2011)Deforestation, 30 %/10yr (1990-2000&2000-2010) or 4 %/yr 4.0% (Spatial analysis, 2011)

Projection of cumulative avoided CO2 emission under scenario project within 10 years in Bone Project Area

Delta Mahakam's SiteCluster area (Ha) : 1318Remaining damage areas need Rehabilitation to comply withASC standart (Ha)

: 376

Data & Assumption Value SourceSylvofishery development rate (ha/yr) 100 AssumptionBiomass increment (ton/ha/yr) 14.6 (Sukardjo & Yamada, 1992)Carbon increment (ton/ha/yr), 50% C org 7.3 (Sukardjo & Yamada, 1992)Carbon loss of sediment pond removal (ton/ha/yr) -14.88 (Field measurement, 2011)Stock carbon pond soil 0 - 30 cm (Ton/ha) 40.02 (Field measurement, 2011)Stock carbon mangrove soil 0 - 30 cm (Ton/ha) 178.37 (Field measurement, 2011)Standing stock carbon mangrove (ton/ha) 119.44 (Field measurement, 2011)C Stock mangrove area (ton/ha) 297.81 (Field measurement, 2011)Ratio of pond area & sediment pond removal area 0.02 (Field measurement, 2011)Deforestation, 40 %/10yr (2000-2010) or 5 %/yr 5% (Spatial analysis, 2011)

Projection of cumulative avoided CO2 emission under scenario project within 10 years in Mahakam Project Area

Wetlands International

Result of ASC and Global GAP.Assessment

Environmental Impact

By:Dandun Sutaryo

Ita SualiaRagil Satryio

Muhammad Ilman

Global GAP: Kriteria Lingkungan SecaraGaris Besar

– 5.8 Pond Management: vegetative buffer and habitat corridor, the use of manure fertilizer, and dredged sediment disposal.

– 10.1 Environmental Management: waste management, and biodiversity management

– 10.2 Predator control– 10.3 Escapes and non indigenous species– 10.4 High conservation value area: siting of farm

and mangrove reforestation– 11.1 Water usage and disposal

Global GAP: Kriteria

• Manajemen Tambak (perlindungan penyangga/ Koridor, kotoran hewan sebagai pupuk, prosedur pembuanganlumpur tambak,

• Pengelolaan Lingkungan (pengelolaan limbah/ sampah , apakah dibuang pada lokasi resmi, komitmen terhadapKebijakan lingkungan dan Kenaekaragaman hayati, mematuhi UKL/UPL AMDAL, minimalisasi dampakkegiatan budidaya terhadap lingkungan, sampling sedimen dan benthos sebagai indikator lingkungan, design dan konstruksi tambak mendukung perlindunganBiodiversity, menginformasikan kepada masyarakatmengenai ada tidaknya intrusi air laut pada air tanahaibat aktivitas budidaya, penanganan terhadap predator,

• Kontrol Pemangsa : metode yang digunakan, apakahsesuai kebijakan yang berlaku,

Global GAP: Kriteria.. lanjutan• Lepasnya Spesies Budidaya (bukan spesies asli) ke

Lingkungan : SOP untuk menghindari lepasnya spesiesbudidaya ke alam, upaya pencegahannya, antisipasiterhadap banjir,

• Area Bernilai Konservasi Tinggi: Tambak dan fasilitaslainnya tidak dibangun di Daerah Dilindungi, tidak dibangun pada daerah yang sebelumnya merupakan ekosistem mangrove, daerah pasang surut alami, atau area benilai konservasi tinggi. Jika Tambak yang dibangunantara May 1999- April 2008 berada pada kondisi di atas, maka ada upaya merehabilitasinya dalam 3 tahun. Apakahpenebangan mangrove yang dilakukan untuk tujuan yang diperbolehkan, lumpur yang dikeduk tidak menimbulkangangguan ekologi

• Penggunaan dan Pembuangan Air (Kualitas air baku dan air buangan sesuai baku mutu yang ditetapkan

Global GAP: Kriteria.. lanjutan

inlet dan outlet sesuai dengan peraturan yang ada, memilikipanduan untuk memonitoring parameter lingkungan dan keanekaragaman hayati badan air penerima, monitoring kualitas air pada air buangan tambak dan atau pada badanair penerima, Padatan tersuspensi pada badan air penerimamenjadi kriteria dalam AMDAL, air tanah yang tawarTIDAK digunakan untuk menurunkan salinitas air tambak,

• Limbah cair (Effluent); mengikuti baku mutu buanganlimbah yang ditetapkan pemerintah, penyimpanan pupukorganik agar tidak mencemari lingkungan,

ASC: Dampak Lingkungan secara GarisBesar

- 2.1 Biodiversity Impact Assessment (BEIA)- 2.2 Protected Area and Critical Habitat- 2.3 Protected Species- 2.4 Ecological Buffer, Barrier, and Corridors.- 2.5 Prevention of salinization- 5.2 Predator control- 7.6 Effluent contaminant- 7.7 Energy efficiency- 7.8 Disposal handling

Hasil Analisa Global GAP Banyuwangi• Kajian dilakukan 111-14 April 2011 di Desa Tegal Pare, Kec

Muncar. Budidaya udang Vennamai dan bandeng; input: pakan, pompa aerator, benih udang (20-50 ind/m2). Produksi 3-6 ton/Ha/th

• Lokasi tambak berada di luar kawasan lindung atau bukankawasan dengan nilai konservasi tinggi, tidak menggunakanpupuk organik

• Banyuwangi (Muncar) perlu penamanan mangrove 30 Ha lagi• Kedukan lumpur di letakkan di pematang, tidak ada manajemen

limbah, tidak ada kebijakan pengelolaan biodiversity, tidak adaAMDAL, kontruksi tambak mencegah lepasnya udang budidayake alam, tidak ada ijin pengambilan air, tidak ada monitoring buangan air, butuh AMDAL keanekaragaman hayati, pencegahan masukknya predator dengan jaring/saringan

• Petambak butuh arahan teknis, processor bosan dengan masalahsertifikasi

ASC – Global GAP.

Open Sea

River

River

River

pondsponds

pondsponds

pondsponds

pondsponds

Mandatory green belt (Presidential Decree no 32 year 1990). Total 70 ha, existing forest < 2 ha, 70 ha need to be (manually) rehabilitated by planting mangrove

Mandatory riparian (Ministry of Public Works Decree no 63, year 1993 ). Total 270 ha, existing forest cover 105 ha around 165 ha need to be (manually) rehabilitated.

Existing forested area inside farms, around 75 ha

Tons CO2 gained in each pond cluster (total area & annual gained)

MAHAKAM LHOKSEUMAWE BONE BANYUWANGI BULUNGAN

Ton CO2 @Mahakam (340 ha)

Ton CO2 @Mahakam (340 ha) /years

Ton CO2 @Lhokseumawe (90 ha) at n-year

Ton CO2 @Lhokseumawe (90 ha) /years

Ton CO2 @Bone (290 ha) at n-year

Ton CO2 @Bone (290 ha) /years

Ton CO2 @Banyuwangi (30 ha) at n-year

Ton CO2 @Banyuwangi (30 ha) /years

Ton CO2 @Bulungan (130 ha) at n-year

Ton CO2 @Bulungan (130 ha) /years

87.42 87.42 23.14 23.14 74.57 74.57 7.71 7.71 33.43 33.43

463.21 375.79 122.62 99.47 395.09 320.53 40.87 33.16 177.11 143.68

2,050.35 1,587.14 542.74 420.13 1,748.83 1,353.74 180.91 140.04 783.96 606.85

4,261.25 2,210.89 1,127.98 585.24 3,634.59 1,885.76 375.99 195.08 1,629.30 845.34

8,524.94 4,263.69 2,256.60 1,128.62 7,271.27 3,636.68 752.20 376.21 3,259.54 1,630.23

16,025.21 7,500.27 4,241.97 1,985.37 13,668.56 6,397.29 1,413.99 661.79 6,127.29 2,867.75

42,859.56 26,834.35 11,345.18 7,103.21 36,556.68 22,888.12 3,781.73 2,367.74 16,387.48 10,260.19

66,770.23 23,910.67 17,674.47 6,329.29 56,951.08 20,394.39 5,891.49 2,109.76 25,529.79 9,142.31

95,178.73 28,408.50 25,194.37 7,519.90 81,181.85 24,230.78 8,398.12 2,506.63 36,391.87 10,862.07

124,192.35 29,013.62 32,874.45 7,680.08 105,928.77 24,746.91 10,958.15 2,560.03 47,485.31 11,093.44

140,475.98 16,283.63 37,184.82 4,310.37 119,817.75 13,888.98 12,394.94 1,436.79 53,711.40 6,226.09

Side income for shrimp farmers from Carbon markets

-

20.000,00

40.000,00

60.000,00

80.000,00

100.000,00

120.000,00

140.000,00

160.000,00

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Fig. Tons CO2 gained at 11 years (blue) and annually (red) gained from Mahakanponds area (340 ha)

Fig. Annual gained (in USD/Ha/year) from mangrove rehabilitation

Some Maps of Project Sites

KESIMPULAN dan SARAN1. Penerapan tambak tumpang sari akan bermanfaat dalam berbagai

hal (Pengurangan Resiko Bencana, Adaptasi & Mitigasi PerubahanIklim/ penyerap karbon, Habitat baru bagi satwa liar, menciptakanalternatif lapangan kerja, ekowisata dll). Juga mendukung program sertifikasi udang ASC maupun Global GAP

2. Untuk keberlanjutan penyelenggaraan tambak tumpang sari, dapatdiperkuat dengan adanya kejelasan status lahan, integrasi ke dalamTata Ruang Wilayah, adanya Perda dll

3. Rencana pengembangan Water Front City di Kota Serang yang diintegrasikan dengan pengembangan kawasan hijau pantai(dirumuskan dalam Perda Kota Serang No. 6 Th. 2011 TentangRencana Tata Ruang Wilayah (RTRW) Kota Serang Th. 2010-2030) dapat ditiru dalam pengembangan kota- kota pesisir di Indonesia

3. Jika wilayah sabuk hijau di Kecamatan Kasemen (sekitar 500 ha) dapat diterapkan, maka dalam 15 tahun mendatang ia berpotensimenyerap 511,500 ton carbon atau setara 1,877,205 ton CO2. Kondisidemikian akan mendukung program RAD – GRK kota Serang

Terima Kasih

• THANK YOU

Measuring Carbon in Lham Ujong - Aceh

Total amount of carbon gained = 73 ton C or 268 t CO2 (3 years)