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NAD SAK NAAMIRENEP ISNATNUKA METSIS ISAULAVESAK NARAULEGNEP

) atrakaygoY gniretaC iduB adap susaK idutS (

ISPIRKS

tarayS utaS halaS ihunemeM kutnu nakujaiD

imonokE anajraS raleG helorepmeM isnatnukA idutS margorP

O : hel

ramaD atiarggnA araR arameC : MIN 360411270

ISNATNUKA IDUTS MARGORP IMONOKE SATLUKAF

AMRAHD ATANAS SATISREVINU ATRAKAYGOY

2102

PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJIPLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

i


) atrakaygoY gniretaC iduB adap susaK idutS (

ISPIRKS

nakujaiD u tarayS utaS halaS ihunemeM kutn

imonokE anajraS raleG helorepmeM isnatnukA idutS margorP

O : hel

arameC ramaD atiarggnA araR : MIN 360411270

IDUTS MARGORP ISNATNUKA IMONOKE SATLUKAF

AMRAHD ATANAS SATISREVINU ATRAKAYGOY

2102


ii


iii


vi

NAHABMESREP NAD OTTOM

ottoM

.noitca htiw noitcennoc eb ot mees tnemeveihcA“

.gnivom peek nemow dna nem lufsseccuS

”.tiuq t’nod yeht tub ,sekatsim ekam yehT

ispirkS uK ini adapek nakhabmesrep

ecnirP ,akihD saM ,kinaN etnaT ,amaM

utseH saM nad ,ateS saM .atsyllaC


v

AMRAHD ATANAS SATISREVINU IMONOKE SATLUKAF

isnatnukA nasuruJ - isnatnukA idutS margorP

ISPIRKS SILUT AYRAK NAILSAEK NAATAYNREP

nagnat adnatreb gnaY :luduj nagned ispirkS awhab nakataynem ayas ,ini hawab id

susaK idutS saK naraulegneP naD saK naamireneP isnatnukA metsiS isaulavE

iraunaJ 13 laggnat adap ijuid kutnu nakujamid atrakaygoY gniretaC iduB adap

.ayas ayrak lisah halada 2102

nem ayas ini nagneD ispirks malad awhab aynhuggnuses nagned nakatay

libma ayas gnay nial gnaro nasilut naigabes uata nahurulesek tapadret kadit ini

lobmis uata tamilak naiakgnar kutneb malad urinem uata ,nilaynem arac nagned

rikimep uata tapadnep uata nasagag nakkujnunem gnay gnay nial silunep irad na

haloes uka ayas - naigab tapadret kadit uata nad iridnes ayas nasilut iagabes halo

nasilut irad libma ayas gnay uata ,urit ,nilas ayas gnay nasilut nahurulesek uata

.aynilsa silunep adap naukagnep nakirebmem apnat nial gnaro

libapA ,kadit nupuam ajagnes kiab ,sata id tubesret lah nakukalem ayas a

lisah iagabes nakuja ayas gnay ispirks kiranem nakataynem ayas ini nagned

nakukalem ataynret ayas awhab itkubret naidumek aliB .ini iridnes ayas nasilut

nasilut urinem uata nilaynem nakadnit haloes nial gnaro - ayas narikimep lisah halo

ayas latab satisrevinu helo nakirebid halet gnay hasaji nad raleg itrareb ,iridnes

.amiret

2102 iraunaJ 13 ,atrakaygoY ,naataynrep taubmem gnaY ( araR arameC ramaD atiarggnA )


iv

RABMEL AYRAK ISAKILBUP NAUJUTESREP NAATAYNREPEDAKA NAGNITNEPEK KUTNU HAIMLI M SI

: amrahD atanaS satisrevinU awsisaham ayas ,ini hawab id nagnat adnatreb gnaY

amaN arameC ramaD atiarggnA araR :

awsisahaM kudnI romoN : 360411270

naakatsupreP adapek nakirebmem ayas ,nauhategnep umli nagnabmegnep imeD:ludujreb gnay ayas haimli ayrak amrahD atanaS satisrevinU

usaK idutS saK naraulegneP naD saK naamireneP isnatnukA metsiS isaulavE s

atrakaygoY gniretaC iduB adap b atrese nakirebmem ayas naikimed nagneD .)ada alib( nakulrepid gnay takgnarep

,napmiynem kutnu kah amrahD atanaS satisrevinU naakatsupreP adapek nalakgnap kutneb malad aynalolegnem ,nial aidem kutneb malad nakhilagnem

m nad ,satabret araces nakisubirtsidnem ,atad uata tenretnI id aynnakisakilbupme nupuam ayas irad niji atnimem apnat simedaka naulrepek kutnu nial aidem

ayas adapek itlayor irebmem iagabes ayas aman nakmutnacnem patet amales.silunep

.aynranebes nagned taub ayas ini naataynrep naikimeD

id taubiD atrakaygoY

13 : laggnat adaP 2102 iraunaJ

nakataynem gnaY ( arameC ramaD atiarggnA araR )


iiv

RATNAGNEP ATAK

halet gnay ,asE ahaM gnaY nahuT adapek rukuys nad ijup alageS

aggnihes silunep adapek ainurak nad tamhar nakhapmilem aynrihka adap pad ta

ini ispirks nakiaseleynem kiab nagned nasiluneP . ks kutnu naujutreb ini ispir

idutS margorp adap anajras raleg helorepmem kutnu tarays utas halas ihunemem

amrahD atanaS satisrevinU imonokE satlukaF ,isnatnukA .

lunep nad naitilenep awhab iradaynem siluneP naka kadit ini ispirks nasi

irad nautnab nad ,aod ,nagnukud ,nagnibmib aynada apnat kiab nagned anaskalret

.kahip iagabreb uti anerak helO ini natapmesek adap , nakpacugnem silunep

hisakamiret :adapek

.1 .rD .rI .P S ,amatmatoyirP onoyriW .J., ukales rotkeR atanaS satisrevinU

amrahD nad rajaleb kutnu natapmesek nakirebmem halet gnay

.silunep naidabirpek nakgnabmegnem

.2 .srD PY onoyidrapuS . ,.iS.M , tkA AIQ ,. imonokE satlukaF nakeD ukales

.amrahD atanaS satisrevinU

.3 iS.M ,anasraK aydiW fesuY .srD . ales AIQ ,.tkA , idutS margorP auteK uk

amrahD atanaS satisrevinU isnatnukA .

.4 .M ,itnaiduY kiniN acsisnarF .rD ccA ,. AIQ ispirks gnibmibmep nesod ukales

nasilunep amales nagnibmib nad nakusam nakirebmem rabas nagned gnay

.ini ispirks aynnakiaselesret aynrihka iapmas ispirks

.5 aratnuK askiD suinotnA , AFM ,.E.S AIQ ,. aynnahara sata ,ilaw nesod ukales

.iaseles iapmas I retsemes irad hailuk hupmenem silunep amales

.6 E.S ,artuP suilenroK okciN gnay amrahD atanaS satisrevinU nesod ukales

.ispirks nasilunep taas nakusam irebnem halet

.7 S sata ,amrahD atanaS satisrevinU itawayrak nad nawayrak ,nesod hurule

.ini amales aynamasajrek nad nanayalep

.8 p ukales , radnanuM kaksI kapaB gnay ,gniretaC iduB kilimep nad nanipmi

.naitilenep nakanaskalem malad silunep adapek niji nakirebmem halet


iiiv

.9 cret amaM hisakamiret ,atni aod sata - pudih namalagnep ,gnayas hisak ,aynaod

.ini amales nakirebid halet gnay nagnukud nad

.01 nagnukud nakirebmem nad ayas ignayaynem hadus gnay ubI nad kapaB

.ini amales

.11 .aynnagnukud nad aod sata hisakamiret ,kinaN etnaT

.21 P nad akihD saM laC ecnir l .silunep igab isavitom nakirebmem gnay atsy

.31 ,raseb agraulek aumeS ,ateS saM utseH saM ahcU nad , sata hisakamiret

troppus aynaod nad .

.41 ) adniL & ,iraV ,arggnA ,kitU ,eifA ,iraS ,inaR ( 8O TR s’knaht sata

.ini amales nailak nagnukud nad naairecek

.51 70 ’tkA kanA aynsusuhk ini amales nailak natabahasrep sata hisakamiret

,cinoM ,atiG ,liseS ,irbeF .niloraC ,kiA ,gnasiW ,rayB ,lemA

.61 nameT - nakusam sata hisakamiret TPM namet - TPM taas aynnakusam .

.71 p aumeS .utasrep utas naktubes silunep tapad kadit gnay kahi

eP helo ,aynnagnarukek kaynab hisam ini ispirks awhab iradayneM silun

.nugnabmem tafisreb gnay naras nad kitirk nakparahgnem silunep uti anerak

igab narikimep nagnabmus nakirebmem tapad ini ispirks agomes parahreb siluneP

.acabmep aumes

,atrakaygoY 13 2102 iraunaJ

,siluneP

arameC ramaD atiarggnA araR


xi

ISI RATFAD

namalaH MALAH ………………………………LUDUJ NA ......... ............................... . i

P NAMALAH SRE IBMEP NAUJUTE M …………………………GNIB ...… . ii EP NAMALAH …………………………NAHASEGN ................................... iii

NAHABMESREP NAD OTTOM NAMALAH ...…………………………… vi NREP NAMALAH ……………………AYRAK NAILSAEK NAATAY … ... v

NAMALAH NAUJUTESREP ISAKILBUP .……HAIMLI AYRAK .. …… .. iv K NAMALAH RATNAGNEP ATA ...……………………………………… ... v ii

ISI RATFAD NAMALAH ………………………………………………… .... ix NAMALAH TFAD ...…………………………………………RABMAG RA ix

LEBAT RATFAD NAMALAH ……………………………………………… iix KARTSBA …………………………………………………………………… . iiix

RTSBA CA T .………………………………………………………………… . xiv I BAB …………………………………NAULUHADNEP . ....…… ....... . ..... 1

…………………………halasaM gnakaleB rataL .A ……… ...... .. ..... 1 ………………………………………halasaM nasumuR .B ..… .. .. .... . 3

naujuT .C …………………………………………naitilenep .… .. ..... . 3 .D ……………………………naitileneP taafnaM ………… … .…… . 3 E ………………………………nasiluneP akitametsiS . …… ……… . 4

II BAB AKATSUP NAUAJNIT …… ……………………………… ……… . 7 ………………………………………………………metsiS .A …… . 7 metsiS .B …………………………………………isnatnukA …… ... 9 ………………………………………rudesorP naitregneP .C ...…… 21 ...………………………………………….……rilA nagaB .D .... ..... . 31 …………………………………nretnI nailadnegneP metsiS .E …… 51 .F saK naamireneP isnatnukA metsiS …………………………… ..... 81 …………………………saK naraulegneP isnatnukA metsiS .G … ... 93 ………………………………………uluhadreT naitileneP .H .... ...... 75

III BAB ………………………………………NAITILENEP ADOTEM ..… 85 naitileneP sineJ .A ……………………………………………… ..… 85 nad tapmeT .B ………………………………naitileneP utkaW …… 85 kejbuS .C ..……………………………………naitileneP kejbO nad 85

………………………………………nakulrepiD gnay ataD .D ....… 95 …………………………………ataD nalupmugneP kinkeT .E …… . 06 …………………………………………ataD sisilanA kinkeT .F … .. 06

VI BAB ………………………NAAHASUREP MUMU NARABMAG .… 56 ……………………naahasureP nagnabmekreP nad harajeS .A …… 56 ……………………………………………naahasureP isakoL .B .… 66 …………………………………………isasinagrO rutkurtS .C … ... 66 ……………………………………………………ailanosreP .D … .. 17 K iraH nad maJ .E …………………………………………ajre ........ 37 ……………………………………………naijaggneP metsiS .F … .. 47


x

V BAB ……………………NASAHABMEP NAD ATAD SISILANA … .... 67 .A isnatnukA metsiS ……gniretaC iduB adap saK naamireneP …… 76 .B tnukA metsiS eP isna C iduB adap saK naraulegn ……gnireta ...… 801

IV BAB …………………………………………………PUTUNEP ..... .. ...... 031 ………………………………………………nalupmiseK .A ... . ........ 031 ………………………………………………………naraS .B ... ....... 131

TFAD AKATSUP RA .......................................................... ............................ 541 L NARIPMA


ix

RATFAD RABMAG

ianuT nalaujneP rutkaF 1.2 rabmaG ..................................................................... . 11 2.2 rabmaG irad saK naamireneP metsiS revO - eht - selaS retnuoC ....................... 41 3.2 rabmaG aK naamireneP lanruJ .................................................................s ..... 42

rabmaG saK naamireneP metsiS 4.2 M gnatuiP irad iulale higaneP naahasureP ... ....... ... .............. ......... ................. .. ... 83

5.2 rabmaG saK naraulegneP lanruJ ..................................................................... 24 rabmaG ebmeP rudesorP 6.2 n iceK saK anaD nakut ...........................................l 64

nad naatnimreP rudesorP 7.2 rabmaG nabawajgnuggnatreP saK liceK nagned liceK saK anaD metsiS malad gnitautculF -

dnuF - ecnalaB metsyS ……………………………… ... ... 84 8.2 rabmaG rudesorP naatnimreP nabawajgnuggnatreP nad naraulegneP

anaD liceK saK anaD metsiS malad liceK saK nagned tserpmI metsyS .…………………… ……… .. . .... 05

9.2 rabmaG rudesorP liceK saK anaD ilabmeK naisigneP naatnimreP nagneD tserpmI metsyS …………………………… ... .... 45

rabmaG 1.4 gniretaC iduB isasinagrO rutkurtS …………… ……… ...…… ... . .... 86 1.5 rabmaG rilA nagaB iduB adap saK naamireneP isnatnukA metsiS

ianuT nalaujneP irad gniretaC …………………… .. ... ..... 59 2.5 rabmaG nasanuleP irad saK naamireneP isnatnukA metsiS rilA nagaB

niretaC iduB adap gnatuiP ............................................g 701 3.5 rabmaG adap liceK saK anaD nakutnebmeP rudesorP rilA nagaB

niretaC iduB ..........g ....................................................... 1 81 4.5 rabmaG nabawajgnuggnatreP nad naatnimreP rudesorP rilA nagaB

adap liceK saK anaD naraulegneP gniretaC iduB ……… .……… .. ..... ........................ ......... 121

5.5 rabmaG nagaB signeP rudesorP rilA bmeK nai adap liceK saK anaD ila gniretaC iduB … ...……………………………… ... ....... 421

.6 rabmaG irad saK naamireneP isnatnukA metsiS rilA nagaB 1 nalaujneP ianuT …………… …… …… ……… … .. . ...... 131

2.6 rabmaG siS rilA nagaB gnatuiP nasanuleP irad saK naamireneP met ......... 431 3.6 rabmaG ceK saK anaD naakutnebmeP rudesorP rilA nagaB il ……… .. ...... 731

4.6 rabmaG gaB nad naatnimreP rudesorP rilA na nabawajgnuggnatreP P liceK saK anaD naraulegne ……………………… ...... 1 93

5.6 rabmaG nagaB liceK saK anaD ilabmeK naisigneP rudesorP rilA …… ...... 141


iix

LEBAT RATFAD

1.5 lebaT isgnuF namukgnaR - metsiS malad tiakreT gnay isgnuF saK naamireneP nalaujneP irad .....………………ianuT 18

2.5 lebaT isnatnukA metsiS malad nakanugiD gnay nemukoD ianuT nalaujneP irad saK naamireneP ………………… . 58

.5 lebaT 3 irad saK naamireneP metsiS malad isnatnukA natataC nalaujneP ianuT …………………… ………………… . . 88

4.5 lebaT isnatnukA metsiS kutnebmeM gnay rudesorP nagniraJ naamireneP d saK nalaujneP ira ianuT ...……………… . 39

5.5 lebaT isgnuF namukgnaR - metsiS malad tiakreT gnay isgnuF gnatuiP irad saK naamireneP isnatnukA ...…………… 001

6.5 lebaT nakanugiD gnay nemukoD naamireneP isnatnukA metsiS malad gnatuiP irad saK …………………………………… .... 401

7.5 lebaT higaneP iulaleM gnatuiP irad saK naamireneP rudesorP naahasureP ………………… .……………………… ... 601

8.5 lebaT isgnuF - legneP isnatnukA metsiS malad tiakreT gnay isgnuF narau liceK saK anaD metsiS nagned saK .………………… . 111

9.5 lebaT nagned saK naraulegneP kutnU nakanugiD gnay nemukoD ceK saK anaDmetsiS il …………………………… ...... 411

01.5 lebaT liceK saK anaD naraulegneP malad nakanugiD gnay natataC …. 611 11.5 lebaT liceK saK anaD nakutnebmeP rudesorP lebaT ..………………… . 711 21.5 lebaT naraulegneP nabawajgnuggnatreP nad naatnimreP rudesorP

liceK saK .…………………………………………… . 911 31.5 lebaT liceK saK anaD ilabmeK naisigneP rudesorP …………………… . 221


iiix

KARTSBA


atrakaygoY gniretaC iduB adap susaK idutS

arameC ramaD atiarggnA araR : MIN 360411270

amrahD atanaS satisrevinU atrakaygoY

2102 halada ini naitilenep naujuT ( )1 kutnu metsis hakapa iuhategnem

gniretaC iduB id nakanaskalid gnay sak naamirenep isnatnuka atrakaygoYiroet nagned iauses hadus )2( , kutnu isnatnuka metsis hakapa iuhategnem

gniretaC iduB id nakanaskalid gnay sak naraulegnep atrakaygoY hadusned iauses iroet nag .

atad nalupmugnep kinkeT .susak iduts halada ini naitilenep sineJ kinkeT .isatnemukod nad ,isavresbo ,aracnawaw halada nakukalid gnay

)1( halada nakanugid gnay atad sisilana nakispirksednem isnatnuka metsissak naamirenep trakaygoY gniretaC iduB a nad nakgnidnabmem metsis

sak naamirenep isnatnuka atrakaygoY gniretaC iduB iroet nagned )2( .ada gniretaC iduB sak naraulegnep isnatnuka metsis nakispirksedneM iduB sak naraulegnep isnatnuka metsis nakgnidnabmem nad atrakaygoY

ned atrakaygoY gniretaC .ada iroet nag naklupmisid tapad nakukalid halet gnay asilana lisah nakrasadreB

awhab )1( sak naamirenep isnatnuka metsis adap gniretaC iduB)2( ,iroet nagned iauses muleb atrakaygoY isnatnuka metsis naraulegnep

sak adap muleb atrakaygoY gniretaC iduB es s iroet nagned iau .


vix

CARTSBA T TPIECER HSAC FO NOITAULAVE NA TNEMYAP HSAC DNA

METSYS GNITNUOCCA S A ni ydutS esaC atrakaygoY gniretaC iduB

arameC ramaD atiarggnA araR : rebmuN tnedutS 360411270

amrahD atanaS ytisrevinU atrakaygoY

2102

esoprup ehT s uo dnif ot )1( :erew hcraeser siht fo fo noitacilppa eht rehtehw t htiw elbatius saw atrakaygoY gniretaC iduB ni tpiecer hsac fo metsys gnitnuocca

uo dnif ot )2( ,yroeht gnitnuocca eht fo noitacilppa eht rehtehw t gnitnuoccamyap hsac fo metsys eht htiw elbatius saw atrakaygoY gniretaC iduB ni tne

.yroeht gnitnuocca T t eh aw hcraeser eht fo epy a s yduts esac dohtem ehT . atad gnitcelloc fo s

ew seuqinhcet sisylana atad ehT .noitatnemucod dna ,noitavresbo ,weivretni yb er eht gnibircsed )1( erew desu nuocca fo tpiecer hsac fo metsys gnit gniretaC iduB

a atrakaygoY fo tpiecer hsac eht gnirapmoc dn eht htiw atrakaygoY gniretaC iduB ni eno weiver laciteroeht D )2( . nuocca eht gnibircse tnemyap hsac fo metsys gnit

fo a atrakaygoY gniretaC iduB eht gnirapmoc dn fo tnemyap hsac gniretaC iduBY ni eno eht htiw atrakaygo weiver laciteroeht .

taht dedulcnoc eb dluoc ti ,sisylana eht fo tluser eht no desaB )1( ehtiecer hsac fo metsys gnitnuocca aw atrakaygoY gniretaC iduB ni tp s ton elbatius

ni eno eht htiw laciteroeht weiver )2( , emyap hsac fo metsys gnitnuocca eht ni tnaw atrakaygoY gniretaC iduB ton s elbatius ni eno eht htiw weiver laciteroeht .


1

I BAB

NAULUHADNEP

.A halasaM gnakaleB rataL

ainud anamid ,tasep tagnas naimonokerep nagnabmekrep ini asaweD

nagnabmekrep itukignem ahasureb kutnu tutnutid sinsib - gnay nagnabmekrep

kutnu gniasreb gnilas ahasu sinej iagabreb nagned naahasureP .idajret

nikames gnay nanayalep satilauk tutnunem gnay rasap asgnap ihunemem

kudorp nad tapec nikames gnay naisubirtsidnep ,kiab - .isairavreb gnay kudorp

surah naahasurep ,natujnalekreb nad seskus nagned gniasreb tapad ayapuS

s naahasurep ayad rebmus alolegnem upmam halet gnay anacner nagned iause

.tapet gnay nasutupek nalibmagnep nakulremem ini lah nad nakpatetid

utnet hadus kiab nagned nakanacnerid gnay isnatnuka metsis utauS

nad ayacrepid tapad aynnaranebek gnay isamrofni naklisahgnem tapad

naksumurem malad anugreb nagnubuhreb gnay nasutupek nalibmagnep

nanamagnep nad nailadnegnep ,isanidrook ,naanacnerep kepsa nagned

gnay tala nakapurem isnatnuka metsiS .naahasurep kilim avitka padahret

sativitka naklisahgnem kutnu nemejanam igab gnitnep - naahasurep sativitka

dahret anacner aggnihes uluhad hibelret nakpatetid halet gnay anacner pa

.hararet nad ,neisife ,fitkefe araces nalajreb tapad

nanipmip aynkadneh ,naahasurep naujut naiapacnep ayapu malaD

araces nalajreb tapad naahasurep lanoisarepo nataigek raga nakayapugnem


2

kefe nakukalid gnay nataigek raga anamiagab itrareb fitkefE .neisife nad fit

laminimes nakenem itrareb neisifE .nakpatetid gnay naujut iapacnem

.)7002 ,paharaH( ada gnay nasorobmep nikgnum

malad nakanugid gnires nad racnal gnilap gnay avitka utas halaS

isarepo ,asaj naahasurep ,gnagad naahasurep paiteS .sak halada naahasurep

atres raga kiab nagned aynsak alolegnem tapad surah irtsudni naahasurep

.naahasurep nataigek naanaskalep malad nahalasamrep idajret kadit

m anerak skelpmok gnay halasam nakapurem sak halasaM nakapure

nanusuynep nakulrepid aggnihes ,nakgnewelesid hadum gnilap gnay avitka

ayapU .kiab gnay sak naraulegnep nad naamirenep metsis utaus kutnu

reb gnay iskasnart nimajnem iauses nakukalid surah sak nagned nagnubuh

d halet gnay rudesorp nad metsis nagned nanamaek agajnem kutnu nakpateti

.tubesret sak

taubid uluhad hibelret aynkadneh naajrekep utaus nakukalem malaD

nakrabmaggnem gnay naped ek nagnadnap iaynupmem gnay naanacnerep

isnatnuka metsis malad aguj utigeB .naahasurep iapacid naka gnay naujut

ibelret .huruleynem araces aynlanoisarepo sinej iuhatekid surah uluhad h

nanipmip ,kiab nagned nakanacnerid gnay isnatnuka metsis aynada nagneD

,naahasurep ladom ,gnatu ,atrah aynnalaj isawagnem tapad naahasurep

.naahasurep nabeb nad natapadnep

naiaru nakrasadreB metsis utaus awhab salej tahilret sata id takgnis

gnay lisah nakirebmem tapad kiab nagned nakpaisrepid gnay isnatnuka

,naahasurep pudih nagnusgnalek igab itrareb helo kiratret silunep uti anerak


3

P isnatnukA metsiS isaulavE luduj nagned naitilenep nakukalem naamirene

saK .saK naraulegneP nad

.B halasaM nasumuR

.1 hadus gniretaC iduB id sak naamirenep isnatnuka metsis hakapA iauses

iroet nagned ?

.2 hadus gniretaC iduB id sak naraulegnep isnatnuka metsis hakapA iauses

iroet nagned ?

.C naitileneP naujuT

.1 iuhategnem kutnU gnay sak naamirenep isnatnuka metsis hakapa

naskalid iroet nagned iauses hadus gniretaC iduB id naka .

.2 gnay sak naraulegnep isnatnuka metsis hakapa iuhategnem kutnU

naskalid iroet nagned iauses hadus gniretaC iduB id naka .

.D naitileneP taafnaM

.1 iretaC iduB igaB gn

padahret ruku kolot nakidajid tapad nakparahid ini naitilenep lisaH

naraulegnep nad naamirenep isnatnuka metsis aynkadit kiab naialinep

.gniretaC iduB adap ada gnay sak


4

.2 satisrevinU igaB

id isubirtnok nakirebmem tapad nakparahid ini naitilenep lisaH malad

aynsusuhk isnatnuka gnadib malad nauhategnep umli nagnabmegnep

.isnatnuka metsis ianegnem

.3 acabmeP igaB

nad nauhategnep habmanem tapad nakparahid ini naitilenep lisaH

kahip igab nakusam - isnatnuka metsis padahret tanimreb gnay kahip

gnep nad naamirenep .sak naraule

.4 siluneP igaB

urab namalagnep nad nauhategnep habmanem tapad ini naitilenep lisaH

helorepid gnay umli nakparenem kutnu anaras iagabes iakapid tapad atres

.hailuk ukgnab id amales silunep

.E nasiluneP akitametsiS

I BAB nauluhadneP

naka ini baB ,halasam gnakaleb ratal ianegnem nakiarugnem

nad ,naitilenep taafnam ,naitilenep naujut ,halasam nasumur

.nasilunep akitametsis

II BAB akatsuP nauajniT

iroet ianegnem nakiaruid naka ini bab malaD - gnay iroet

y ,kipot idajnem gnay halasam nagned nagnubuhreb gnatnet utia

,isnatnuka metsis ,metsis ,nretni nailadnegnep ,rila nagab ,rudesorp


5

isnatnuka metsis ,sak naamirenep isnatnuka metsis naraulegnep

.uluhadret naitilenep lisah nad ,sak

III BAB naitileneP adoteM

sinej gnatnet isireb ini baB d tapmet ,naitilenep na ,naitilenep utkaw

,naitilenep kejbo nad kejbus ,nakulrepid gnay atad kinket

nalupmugnep .atad sisilana kinket nad ,atad

VI BAB naahasureP mumU narabmaG

gnay naahasurep mumu narabmag gnatnet naiaru isireb ini baB

harajes itupilem gnay ,itilenep silutid nagnabmekrep nad

naahasurep nad naahasurep isasinagro rutkurts ,naahasurep isakol ,

.naitilenep gnukudnem gnay nial atad

V BAB nasahabmeP nad ataD sisilanA

iauses nasahabmep nad atad sisilana gnatnet isireb ini bab malaD

ni bab malaD .ada gnay iroet nagned isaulave lisah nakijasid naka i

metsis isnatnuka naamirenep sak nad isnatnuka metsis naraulegnep

.sak

IV BAB putuneP

nasahabmep nad sisilana lisah irad nalupmisek nakijaynem ini baB

anerak helO .naahasurep igab taafnamreb nikgnum gnay ,uti


6

nalupmisek isireb putunep naras nad - igab taafnamreb gnay naras

.naahasurep


7

II BAB

AKATSUP NAUAJNIT

.A metsiS

.1 metsiS naitregneP

kopmolekes halada aynrasad adap metsis ,)2 :1002( idayluM turuneM

isgnufreb gnay ,aynnial gnay nagned utas nagnubuhreb tare gnay rusnu

amasreb - .utnetret naujut iapacnem kutnu amas

:9991( otnayigoJ turuneM nemele irad nalupmuk halada metsis ,)2 -

.utnetret naujut iapacnem kutnu iskaretnireb gnay nemele

.2 metsiS kitsiretkaraK

3 :1002( otnayigoJ turuneM - kitsiretkarak ikilimem metsis utaus ,)5

: tafis uata

.a metsiS nenopmoK

nopmok halmujes irad iridret metsis utauS gnilas gnay ne

utaus kutnebmem amasajrekeb gnilas aynitra gnay ,iskaretnireb

nenopmoK .nautasek - metsis bus utaus apureb tapad metsis nenopmok

naigab uata - apareb iludep kadit metsis paiteS .metsis irad naigab

nenopmok gnudnagnem ulales ,aynlicek - a nenopmok metsisbus uat -

kutnu metsis irad tafis iaynupmem metsisbus paiteS .metsisbus

metsis sesorp ihuragnepmem nad utnetret isgnuf utaus naknalajnem


8

gnay metsis utaus iaynupmem tapad metsis utauS .nahurulesek araces

.metsis arpus tubesid gnay raseb hibel

.b siS sataB met

utaus aratna isatabmem gnay haread nakapurem metsis sataB

.aynraul nagnukgnil nagned uata aynnial gnay metsis nagned metsis

utaus iagabes gnadnapid metsis utaus naknikgnumem ini metsis sataB

is irad pukgnil gnaur nakujnunem metsis utaus sataB .nautasek mets

.tubesret

.c metsiS rauL nagnukgniL

satab raul id tapadret gnay utauses alages halada raul nagnukgniL

metsis raul nagnukgniL .metsis isarepo ihuragnepmem nad metsis

.tubesret metsis nakigurem aguj tapad nakgnutnugnem tafisreb tapad

m gnay raul nagnukgniL metsis irad igrene nakapurem nakgnutnugne

nagnukgnil nakgnadeS .arahilepid nad agajid patet surah naikimed nad

kadit aggnihes ,nakiladnekid nad nahatid surah nakigurem gnay raul

.metsis irad pudih nagnusgnalek uggnaggnem

.d metsiS gnubuhgneP

apurem gnubuhgneP nagned metsisbus ratna aratnarep aidem nak

naknikgnumem ini gnubuhgnep iulaleM .aynnial gnay metsisbus

rebmus - .aynnial metsisbus ek metsisbus irad rilagnem ayad rebmus

narauleK )tuptuo( nakusam idajnem naka metsisbus utaus irad )tupni(

gnay metsisbus kutnu nagneD .gnubuhgnep iulalem nagned aynnial


9

gnay metsisbus nagned iskaretnireb tapad metsisbus utas gnubuhgnep

.nautasek utas kutnebmem aynnial

.e metsiS nakusaM )tupnI(

.metsis malad ek nakusamid gnay igrene halada metsis nakusaM

( natawarep nakusam apureb tapad atad nakusaM tupni ecnanetniaM )

( langis nakusam nad tupni ecnanetniaM .)tupni langiS igrene halada

.isareporeb tapad tubesret metsis ayapus nakkusamid gnay tupni langiS

.naraulek naktapadid kutnu sesorpid gnay igrene halada

.f metsiS narauleK )tuptuO(

nad haloid gnay igrene irad lisah halada metsis narauleK

tapad narauleK .anugreb gnay naraulek idajnem nakisakifisalkid

.nial gnay metsisbus igab nakusam nakapurem

.g metsiS nahalogneP )ssecorP (

abugnem gnay naigab halada nahalogneP idajnem nakusam h

.naraulek

.h metsiS narasaS )sevitcejbO(

metsis utauS .narasas uata naujut iaynupmem itsap metsis paiteS

.ihunepid tapad aynnarasas uata naujut akij lisahreb nakatakid

.B isnatnukA metsiS

.1 isnatnukA metsiS naitregneP

isasinagro halada isnatnuka metsis ,)3 :1002( idayluM turuneM

kutnu apur naikimedes isanidrookid gnay naropal nad natatac ,rilumrof


01

anug nemejanam helo nakhutubid gnay nagnauek isamrofni nakaideynem

.naahasurep naalolegnep nakhadumem

malad reltteS isnatnuka metsis nakisinifednem )4 :1991( nawdiraB

rilumrof halada - natatac ,rilumrof - rudesorp ,natatac - tala nad rudesorp - tala

nautasek utaus ahasu ianegnem atad halognem kutnu nakanugid gnay

malad malad kilab napmu naklisahgnem kutnu naujut nagned simonoke

naropal kutnebmem - kutnu nemejanam helo nakulrepid gnay naropal

kahip igab nad aynahasu isawagnem - nagnitnepekreb gnay nial kahip

agabmel nad ,rutiderk ,mahas gnagemep itrepes - hatniremep agabmel

.isarepo lisah ialinem kutnu

.2 rusnU - isnatnukA metsiS rusnU

uneM 3:1002( idayluM tur - rusnU ,)5 - malad tapadret gnay rusnU

:halada isnatnuka metsis

.a rilumroF

uata makerem kutnu nakanugid gnay nemukod halada rilumroF

iagabes nakatakid aguj rilumroF .iskasnart aynidajret tatacnem

awitsirep ini rilumrof nagned anerak nemukod malad idajret gnay

.ajrek satrek malad ek )nakisatnemukodid( makerid isasinagro

ianut nalaujnep rutkaf utiay ,rilumrof hotnoc halada ini tukireB


11

ianuT nalaujneP rutkaF 1.2 rabmaG

)77 :1002( idayluM

.b lanruJ

amatrep isnatnuka natatac nakapurem lanruJ kutnu nakanugid gnay

atad nad nagnauek atad sakgnirem nad ,nakisakifisalkgnem ,tatacnem

iD .rilumrof halada lanruj malad natatacnep isamrofni rebmuS .aynnial

nakisakifisalkid aynilak amatrep kutnu nagnauek atad lanruj malad

iauses gnay nagnologgnep turunem naka gnay isamrofni nagned

.nagnauek naropal malad nakijasid

.c raseB ukuB

( raseb ukuB regdel lareneg gnineker irad iridret ) - gnay gnineker

tatacid halet gnay nagnauek atad sakgnirem kutnu nakanugid

.lanruj malad aynmulebes gninekeR - ini raseb ukub malad gnineker


21

rusnu nagned iauses nakaidesid - nakijasid naka gnay isamrofni rusnu

.nagnauek naropal malad

.d utnabmeP ukuB

adareb gnay nagnauek atad nagnologgnep halada utnabmep ukuB

gnineker irad iridret ,raseb ukub id - bmep gnineker icnirem gnay utna

ukub malad utnetret gnineker malad mutnacret gnay nagnauek atad

.raseb

.e naropaL

tapad gnay nagnauek naropal halada isnatnuka sesorp rihka lisaH

agrah naropal ,nahatid abal naropal ,igur abal naropal ,acaren apureb

naropal ,iskudorp kokop ,nailebmep ayaib naropal ,nalaujnep ayaib

gnatu ratfad nad ,gnatuip rumu ratfad ,nalaujnep kokop agrah naropal

.rayabid naka gnay

.C rudesorP naitregneP

:1002( idayluM turuneM 5 ,lakirelk nataigek naturu utaus halada rudesorp ,)

aparebeb naktabilem aynasaib gnay ,hibel uata nemetraped utas malad gnaro

gnay naahasurep iskasnart magares araces nanagnanep nimajnem kutnu taubid

gnalureb idajret - .gnalu

irebmem ,gnutihgnem ,nakadnaggnem ,silunem utiay lakirelk nataigeK

nabmem nad ,hadnimem ,hilimem ,ratfadnem ,edok .nakgnid


31

.D gaB rilA na )trahc wolF(

.1 rilA nagaB naitregneP

rila nagaB )trahc wolf( nagab halada )trahc( rila nakkujnunem gnay

)wolf( ,otnayigoJ( .akigol araces metsis rudesorp uata margorp malad id

.)987 :5002

.2 sineJ - 697 :9991,otnaigoJ( rilA nagaB sineJ - )608

.a naajrekep sura nakkujnunem gnay rila nagab utiay metsis rila nagaB

.metsis irad nahurulesek araces

.b irad sura nakkujnunem gnay rila nagab utiay nemukod rila nagaB

nasubmet kusamret rilumrof nad naropal - .aynnasubmet

.c rila nagab nagned pirim gnay rila nagab utiay kitameks rila nagaB

rabmag aynnakanugid adap katelret aynnaadebrep ipatet metsis -

lobmis naanuggnep niales nial gnay natalarep nad retupmok rabmag

.rila nagab

.d ces naksalejnem gnay nagab halada margorp rila nagaB icnir ara

hakgnal - .margorp irad hakgnal

.e sesorp nakrabmaggnem gnay rila nagab halada sesorp rila nagaB

.rudesorp utaus malad

( nemukod rila nagab hotnoc halada ini tukireB )trahcwolf tnemucod

irad sak naamirenep metsis revO - eht - retnuoC - selaS .


41

rabmaG 2.2 irad saK naamireneP metsiS revO - eht - selaS retnuoC

)674 :1002( idayluM


51

.2 rabmaG 2 irad saK naamireneP metsiS revO - eht - selaS retnuoC )natujnaL( 774 :1002( idayluM )

.E nretnI nailadnegneP metsiS

.1 nretnI nailadnegneP naitregneP

idayluM turuneM 361:1002( itupilem nretni nailadnegnep metsis ,)

naruku nad ,edotem ,isasinagro rutkurts - nakisanidrookid gnay naruku


61

naladnaek nad naitiletek kecegnem ,isasinagro naayakek agajnem kutnu

aynihutapid gnorodnem nad ,isneisife gnorodnem ,isnatnuka atad

akajibek .nemejanam n

.2 nretnI nailadnegneP metsiS kokoP naujuT

nailadnegnep metsis isinifed turunem nretni nailadnegnep naujuT

:utiay sata id nretni

.a isasinagro natatac nad naayakek agajneM

.b isnatnuka atad naladnaek nad naitiletek kecegneM

.c isneisife gnorodneM

.d orodneM nemejanam nakajibek aynihutapid gn

.3 nretnI nailadnegneP metsiS rusnU

rusnU - :halada nretni nailadnegnep malad rusnu

.a lanoisgnuf bawaj gnuggnat nakhasimem gnay isasinagro rutkurtS

saget araces .

gnuggnat naigabmep akgnarer nakapurem isasinagro rutkurtS

bawaj tinu adapek lanoisgnuf - kutnu kutnebid gnay isasinagro tinu

nataigek nakanaskalem - nahasimeP .naahasurep kokop nataigek

kutnu nakukalid iskasnart utaus malad lanoisgnuf bawaj gnuggnat

tinu iagabreb rejanam nagnat ek iskasnart pahat iagabreb igabmem

sasinagro kadit iskasnart pahat aumes aggnihes kutnebid gnay i

malad naikimed nagneD .ajas isasinagro tinu utas helo nakukalid

tapadret iskasnart tinu utaus naanaskalep kcehc lanretni tinu aratna id

.aratnarep


71

.b nakirebmem gnay natatacnep rudesorp nad gnanewew metsiS

nudnilrep naayakek padahret pukuc gnay nag nad ,natapadnep ,gnatu ,

.ayaib

rasad sata idajret aynah iskasnart paites ,isasinagro malaD

iujuteynem kutnu gnanewew ikilimem gnay tabajep irad isasiroto

.tubesret iskasnart aynidajret

kiab gnay natatacnep rudesorP makerid gnay atad nimajnem naka

takgnit nagned isnatnuka natatac malad tatacid rilumrof malad

.iggnit gnay naladnaek nad naitiletek

gnay nakusam nimajnem naka isasiroto metsis naikimed nagneD

rudesorp ,ayntujnaleS .isnatnuka sesorp igab ayacrepid tapad

nad itilet gnay isamrofni naklisahgnem naka kiab gnay natatacnep

ayaib nad ,natapadnep ,gnatu ,naayakek ianegnem ayacrepid tapad

.isasinagro utaus

.c tinu paites isgnuf nad sagut nakanaskalem malad tahes gnay kitkarP

.isasinagro

araC - pmetid aynmumu gnay arac malad naahasurep helo hu

:tahes gnay kitkarp nakatpicnem

)1 gnay katecret turu romonreb rilumrof naanuggneP

.gnanewreb gnay helo nakbawajgnuggnatrepid aynnaiakamep

)2 nawayrak gnorodnem tapad gnay kadadnem naaskiremeP

y naruta nagned iauses aynsagut nakanaskalem halet gna

.nakparetid


81

)3 iapmas lawa irad nakanaskalid helob kadit iskasnart paiteS

ada apnat ,isasinagro tinu utas uata gnaro utas helo rihka

.nial isasinagro tinu uata gnaro irad nagnat rupmac

)4 malad tabajep isnednepedni agajnem kutnu natabaj naratupreP

alem hagecnem tapad aggnihes aynsagut nakanask

.akerem aratna id nalokgnokesrep

)5 .kahreb gnay nawayrak igab ituc nalibmagnep nasuraheK

)6 nagned naayakek kisif nakococnep nakadaid kidoirep araceS

.aynnatatac

)7 kecegnem kutnu sagutreb gnay isasinagro tinu nakutnebmeP

rusnu sativitkefe - .nial gnay nretni nailadnegnep rusnu

.d .aynbawaj gnuggnat nagned iauses aynutum gnay nawayraK

idajnem gnay gnadib maladid netepmok nad rujuj gnay nawayraK

araces aynnaajrekep nakanaskalem tapad naka aynbawaj gnuggnat

.fitkefe nad nesisife

.F saK naamireneP isnatnukA metsiS

aahasurep sak naamireneP utiay ,amatu rebmus aud irad lasareb n

.gnatuip irad sak naamirenep nad ianut nalaujnep irad sak naamirenep

.1 ianuT nalaujneP irad saK naamireneP

.a nataigeK ispirkseD

arac nagned naahasurep helo nakanaskalid ianut nalaujneP

.uluhad hibelret gnarab agrah narayabmep nakukalem ilebmep


91

nakharesid halet gnarab nad naahasurep amiretid gnau haleteS

.naahasurep helo tatacid nalaujnep naidumek ,ilebmep adapek

.b naamireneP rudesorP ianuT nalaujneP irad saK

nakanaskalid tapad ianut nalaujnep irad sak naamirenep rudesorP

:tukireb iagabes rudesorp iulalem

)1 againariw adapek gnusgnal gnarab nasemem ilebmeP selas(

)nosrep .nalaujnep naigab id

)2 ,ilebmep irad narayabmep amirenem asak naigaB tapad gnay

.tiderk utrak uata ,idabirp kec,ianut gnau apureb

)3 kutnu namirignep naigab nakhatniremem nalaujnep naigaB

.ilebmep adapek gnarab nakhareynem

)4 .ilebmep adapek gnarab nakhareynem namirignep naigaB

)5 .knab ek amiretid gnay sak nakroteynem asak naigaB

)6 B lanruj malad nalaujnep natapadnep tatacnem isnatnuka naiga

.nalaujnep

)7 ianut nalaujnep irad sak naamirenep tatacnem isnatnuka naigaB

.sak naamirenep lanruj malad

.c tiakreT gnay isgnuF

nalaujnep irad sak naamirenep metsis malad tiakret gnay isgnuF

alada ianut :h


02

)1 nalaujneP isgnuF

,nailebmep redro amirenem bawaj gnuggnatreb ini isgnuF

nalaujnep rutkaf nakhareynem nad ,nalaujnep rutkaf isignem

.sak isgnuf ek narayabmep nagnitnepek kutnu ilebmep adapek

)2 saK isgnuF

sak amirenep iagabes bawaj gnuggnatreb ini isgnuF irad

.ilebmep

)3 gnaduG isgnuF

ilebmep nasepid gnay gnarab nakpaiynem sagutreb ini isgnuF

.namirignep isgnuf ek tubesret gnarab nakhareynem atres

)4 namirigneP isgnuF

nad gnarab sukgnubmem kutnu bawaj gnuggnatreb ini isgnuF

yabid halet gnay gnarab nakhareynem .ilebmep adapek ra

)5 isnatnukA isgnuF

iskasnart tatacnep iagabes bawaj gnuggnatreb ini isgnuF

ak naamirenep nad nalaujnep .nalaujnep naropal taubmem nad s

.d nemejanaM helo nakulrepiD gnay isamrofnI

irad nemejanam helo nakulrepid aynmumu gnay isamrofnI

aamirenep :halada ianut nalaujnep sak n

)1 uata kudorp sinej turunem nalaujnep natapadnep halmuJ

.utnetret utkaw akgnaj amales kudorp kopmolek

)2 .ianut nalaujnep irad amiretid gnay sak halmuJ


12

)3 utkaw akgnaj amales laujid gnay kudorp kokop agrah halmuJ

.utnetret

)4 nad amaN malad nakulrepid ini isamrofnI .ilebmep tamala

.utnetret kudorp nalaujnep

)5 .laujid gnay kudorp satitnauK

)6 .nalaujnep nakukalem gnay againariw amaN

)7 .gnanewreb gnay tabajep isasirotO

.e nakanugiD gnay nemukoD

ad sak naamirenep metsis malad nakanugid gnay nemukoD ir

ianut nalaujnep :utiay

)1 ianuT nalaujneP rutkaF

isamrofni iagabreb makerem kutnu nakanugid ini nemukoD

nalaujnep iskasnart ianegnem nemejanam helo nakulrepid gnay

.ianut isgnufreb gnay nalaujnep isgnuf helo isiid nalaujnep rutkaF

ayabmep ratnagnep iagabes sak isgnuf adapek ilebmep helo nar

iskasnart natatacnep kutnu rebmus nemukod iagabes nad

nakmirikid ini nasubmeT .nalaujnep lanruj malad ek nalaujnep

hatnirep iagabes namirignep isgnuf adapek nalaujnep isgnuf helo

alet gnay ilebmep adapek gnarab nahareynep nakanaskalem h

isgnufreb aguj ini rutkaf nasubmeT .sak isgnuf ek narayabmep

isgnuf helo naklepmetid gnay sukgnubmep pils iagabes

isakifitnedi tala iagabes ,sukgnubmep sata id namirignep

.gnarab nasukgnub


22

)2 saK retsigeR atiP

isgnuf helo naklisahid ini nemukoD arac nagned isnatnuka

ini sak retsiger atiP .sak retsiger nisem nakisarepognem

isgnuf helo nakraulekid gnay sak naamirenep itkub nakapurem

ianut nalaujnep rutkaf gnukudnep nemukod nakapurem nad sak

.nalaujnep lanruj malad tatacid gnay

)3 selaS draC tiderC pilS

helo katecid ini nemukoD retnec drac tiderc gnay knab

gnay naahasurep adapek nakharesid nad tiderk utrak naktibrenem

laujnem gnay naahasurep igaB .tiderk utrak atoggna idajnem

isgnuf helo isiid ini nemukod ,asaj uata gnarab isgnufreb nad sak

a iagabes tal gnay knab irad ianut gnau higanem kutnu

halet gnay nalaujnep iskasnart kutnu ,tiderk utrak nakraulegnem

.tiderk utrak gnagemep adapek nakukalid

)4 gnidaL fo lliB

irad gnarab nahareynep itkub nakapurem ini nemukoD

adapek gnarab nalaujnep naahasurep natukgna naahasurep

malad namirignep isgnuf helo nakanugid ini nemukoD .mumu

nalaujnep yrevileD no hsaC ( DOC ayngnarab nahareynep gnay )

.mumu natukgna naahasurep helo nakukalid

)5 nalaujneP rutkaF DOC

DOC nalaujnep makerem kutnu nakanugid ini nemukoD .

submeT naggnalep adapek nakharesid DOC nalaujnep rutkaf na


32

naahasurep uata ,sop rotnak ,naahasurep natukgna naigab iulalem

gnarab naamirenep nagnat adnat nakatnimid nad mumu natukgna

helo gnarab aynamiretid halet itkub iagabes naggnalep irad

.naggnalep

)6 oteS itkuB knaB r

naroteynep itkub iagabes sak isgnuf helo taubid ini nemukoD

.knab ek sak helo nakharesid nad rabmel 3 taubid rotes itkuB

.knab ek sak naroteynep nagned naamasreb ,knab ek sak isgnuf

haletes knab irad ilabmek atnimid aynnasubmet rbamlel auD

atadnatid sak naroteynep itkub iagabes knab helo pacid nad inagn

adapek sak isgnuf helo nakharesid knab rotes itkuB .knab ek

iagabes isnatnuka isgnuf helo iakapid nad ,isnatnuka isgnuf

irad sak naamirenep iskasnart natatacnep kutnu rebmus nemukod

ek ianut nalaujnep .sak naamirenep lanruj malad

)7 nalaujneP kokoP agraH isalutipakeR

kutnu isnatnuka isgnuf helo nakanugid ini nemukoD

.edoirep utas amales laujid gnay kudorp kokop agrah sakgnirem

tnuka isgnuf helo nakanugid ini nemukoD nemukod iagabes isna

igab gnukudnep bmep agrah tatacnem kutnu lairomem itkub natau

.laujid gnay kudorp kokop

.f nakanugiD gnay isnatnukA natataC

d nakanugid gnay isnatnuka natataC irad sak naamirenep mala

ianut nalaujnep :halada


42

)1 nalaujneP lanruJ

kutnu isnatnuka isgnuf helo nakanugid nalaujnep lanruJ

.nalaujnep atad sakgnirem nad tatacnem

)2 saK naamireneP lanruJ

kutnu isnatnuka isgnuf helo nakanugid sak naamirenep lanruJ

irad aynaratnaid ,rebmus iagabreb irad sak naamirenep tatacnem

.ianut nalaujnep

:sak naamirenep lanruj hotnoc halada ini tukireB

3.2 rabmaG saK naamireneP lanruJ )011 :1002( idayluM


52

)3 mumU lanruJ

lanruj ,ianut nalaujnep irad sak naamirenep iskasnart malaD

kokop agrah tatacnem kutnu isnatnuka isgnuf helo nakanugid ini

.laujid gnay kudorp

)4 naaidesreP utraK

aamirenep iskasnart malaD utrak ,ianut nalaujnep irad sak n

tatacnem kutnu isnatnuka isgnuf helo nakanugid naaidesrep

.laujid gnay kudorp agrah ayngnarukreb

)5 gnaduG utraK

anerak isnatnuka natatac iagabes kusamret kadit ini natataC

apmisid gnay naaidesrep satitnauk atad isireb aynah .gnadug id n

kutnu nakanugid gnadug utrak ,ianut nalaujnep iskasnart malaD

.laujid gnay kudorp satitnauk ayngnarukreb tatacnem

.g rudesorP nagniraJ

rudesorp nagniraJ irad sak naamirenep metsis kutnebmem gnay

ianut nalaujnep :tukireb iagabes halada

)1 rudesorP nalaujneP redrO

irad redro amirenem nalaujnep isgnuf ini rudesorp malaD

kutnu ianut nalaujnep rutkaf taubmem nad ilebmep

ek gnarab agrah narayabmep nakukalem ilebmep naknikgnumem

isgnuf nad gnadug isgnuf naknikgnumem kutnu nad sak isgnuf

paiynem namirignep adapek nakharesid naka gnay gnarab nak

.ilebmep


62

)2 saK naamireneP rudesorP

agrah narayabmep amirenem sak isgnuf ini rudesorp malaD

apureb( narayabmep adnat nakirebmem nad ilebmep irad gnarab

adapek )ianut nalaujnep rutkaf adap ”sanul“ pac retsiger atip

lebmep nakukalem tubesret ilebmep naknikgnumem kutnu i

.namirignep isgnuf irad aynilebid gnay gnarab nalibmagnep

)3 gnaraB nahareyneP rudesorP

f ini rudesorp malaD gnarab nakhareynem namirignep isgnu

.ilebmep adapek

)4 ianuT nalaujneP natatacneP rudesorP

udesorp malaD natatacnep nakukalem isnatnuka isgnuf ini r

lanruj nad nalaujnep lanruj malad ianut nalaujnep iskasnart

tatacnem aguj isnatnuka isgnuf ,uti gnipmas iD .sak naamirenep

utrak malad laujid gnay gnarab naaidesrep ayngnarukreb

.naaidesrep

)5 aK naroteyneP rudesorP knaB ek s

naksurahgnem sak padahret nretni nailadnegnep metsiS

adap amiretid gnay sak aumes knab ek areges nagned naroteynep

gnay sak nakroteynem sak isgnuf ini rudesorp malaD .irah utaus

ianut nalaujnep irad amiretid .hunep halmuj malad knab ek


72

)6 saK naamireneP natatacneP rudesorP

sorp malaD de naamirenep tatacnem isnatnuka isgnuf ,ini ru

knab rotes itkub rasadreb sak naamirenep lanruj malad ek sak

.sak isgnuf iulalem knab irad amiretid gnay

)7 nalaujneP kokoP agraH natatacneP rudesorP

ni rudesorp malaD isalutipaker taubmem isnatnuka isgnuf i

utrak malad tatacid gnay atad nakrasadreb nalaujnep kokop agrah

isnatnuka isgnuf ,ini isalutipaker nakrasadreB .naaidesrep

kutnu rebmus nemukod iagabes lairomem itkub taubmem

malad ek nalaujnep kokop agrah natatacnep .mumu lanruj

.h saK naamireneP nretnI nailadnegneP rusnU

metsis malad ada aynsurahes gnay nretni nailadnegnep rusnU

:tukireb iagabes halada ianut nalaujnep irad sak naamirenep

)1 isasinagrO

)a sak isgnuf irad hasipret surah nalaujnep isgnuF

gnay nalaujnep isgnuF surah isarepo isgnuf nakapurem

isgnuf nakapurem gnay sak isgnuf irad nakhasipid

.nanapmiynep sak naamirenep paites nakbabeynem ini laH

gnilas gnay isgnuf aud helo nakanaskalid ianut nalaujnep irad

.kecegnem


82

)b snatnuka isgnuf irad hasipret surah sak isgnuF i

kokop isgnuf irad nakhasipid surah isnatnuka isgnuF

naayakek agajnem kutnu nakduskamid ini laH .nial gnay

.isnatnuka naladnaek nad naitiletek nimajnem nad naahasurep

aynidajret hagecnem naka ini kokop isgnuf audek nahasimeP

nalaujnep irad sak naanuggnep kutnu asak naigab helo ianut

.aynidabirp nagnitnepek

)c isgnuf helo nakanaskalid surah ianut nalaujnep iskasnarT

isgnuf nad ,namirignep isgnuf ,sak isgnuf ,nalaujnep

isnatnuka .

ianut nalaujnep iskasnart paites aynnakanaskalid nagneD

naka isgnuf iagabreb helo nretni nakecegnep aynada atpicret

.aynnial isgnuf helo tubesret isgnuf paites naajrekep

)2 natatacneP rudesorP nad isasirotO metsiS

)a isgnuf helo isasirotoid ilebmep irad redro naamireneP

nalaujnep rutkaf rilumrof nakanuggnem nagned nalaujnep

.ianut

)b sak naamirenep isgnuf helo isasirotoid sak naamireneP

nalaujnep rutkaf adap ”sanul“ pac nakhububmem arac nagned

.tubesret rutkaf adap retsiger atip nalepmenep nad.ianut

)c nagned iuluhadid knab tiderk utrak nagned nalaujneP

enep knab irad isasiroto naatnimrep .tiderk utrak tibr


92

)d namirignep isgnuf helo isasirotoid gnarab nahareyneP

adap ”nakharesid hadus“ pac nakhububmem arac nagned

.ianut nalaujnep rutkaf

)e atacneP isnatnuka natatac malad ek nat ha sata nakrasadid sur

nemukod nagned iripmalid gnay rebmus nemukod

ep .pakgnel gnay gnukudn

)f helo nakukalid surah isnatnuka natatac malad ek natatacneP

.uti kutnu gnanewew irebid gnay nawayrak

)3 taheS gnay kitkarP

)a katecret turu romonreb ianut nalaujnep rutkaF

.nalaujnep isgnuf helo nakbawajgnuggnatrepid

)b iretid gnay sak halmuJ rotesid ianut nalaujnep irad am

iskasnart nagned amas gnay irah adap knab ek aynhurules

.ayntukireb ajrek irah uata ianut nalaujnep

)c araces sak isgnuf nagnat id ada gnay sak odlas nagnutihgneP

.nretni askiremep isgnuf helo kadadnem araces nad kidoirep

.i nagaB nalaujneP irad saK naamireneP metsiS nemukoD rilA

ianuT

nalaujnep irad saK naamirenep metsis irad nemukod rila nagaB

2.2 rabmag adap tahilid tapad ianut


03

.2 P irad saK naamireneP metsiS gnatui

.a nataigeK ispirkseD

naamirenep ,ianut nalaujnep irad nialeS irad lasareb aguj sak

,kiab gnay nretni nailadnegnep metsis nakrasadreB .gnatuip nasanulep

nimajnem surah gnatuip nasanulep irad sak naamirenep metsis

nawayrak helo nakub naahasurep helo rutibed irad sak aynamiretid

.aynamirenem kahreb kadit gnay

.b ay isgnuF tiakreT gn

gnatuip irad sak naamirenep metsis malad tiakret gnay isgnuF

:halada

)1 tairaterkeS isgnuF

tairaterkes isgnuf ,gnatuip irad sak naamirenep metsis malaD

tarus nad kec naamirenep malad bawaj gnuggnatreb nauhatirebmep

tairaterkes isgnuF .naahasurep rutibed arap irad sop iulalem

rasad sata nauhatirebmep tarus ratfad taubmem kutnu sagutreb

kec amasreb amiretid gnay nauhatirebmep tarus .rutibed arap irad

)2 nahiganeP isgnuF

nahiganep nakukalem naahasurep akiJ uip gnusgnal gnat

lem rutibed adapek nahiganep isgnuf ,naahasurep higanep iula

arap adapek nahiganep nakukalem kutnu bawaj gnuggnatreb

gnay higatid gnay gnatuip ratfad nakrasadreb naahasurep rutibed

.isnatnuka isgnuf helo taubid


13

)3 saK isgnuF

atreb ini isgnuF isgnuf irad kec naamirenep sata bawaj gnuggn

iulalem nakanaskalid gnatuip irad sak naamirenep akij( tairaterkes

gnatuip irad sak naamirenep akij( nahiganep isgnuf irad uata )sop

iulalem nakanaskalid aguj sak isgnuF .)naahasurep higanep

nu bawaj gnuggnatreb em kut irad amiretid gnay sak nakroteyn

ges tubesret isgnuf iagabreb .hunep halmuj malad knab ek are

)4 isnatnukA isgnuF

natatacnep malad bawaj gnuggnatreb isnatnuka isgnuF

nad sak naamirenep lanruj malad ek gnatuip irad sak naamirenep

d ek gnatuip ayngnarukreb .gnatuip utrak mala

)5 nretnI askiremeP isgnuF

askiremep isgnuf ,gnatuip irad sak naamirenep metsis malaD

sak nagnutihgnep nakanaskalem malad bawaj gnuggnatreb nretni

,uti gnipmas iD .kidoirep araces sak isgnuf nagnat id ada gnay

reb nretni askiremep isgnuf nakukalem malad bawaj gnuggnat

gnay sak natatac naitiletek kecegnem kutnu ,knab isailisnoker

.isnatnuka isgnuf helo nakaraggnelesid

.c nakanugiD gnay nemukoD

D gnatuip irad sak naamirenep malad nakanugid gnay nemuko

:halada


23

)1 nauhatirebmeP taruS

ini nemukoD duskam uhatirebmem kutnu rutibed helo taubid

amirenem gnay naahasurep igaB .aynnakukalid gnay narayabmep

iagabes nakanugid ini nauhatirebmep tarus ,gnatuip irad sak

malad id gnatuip ayngnarukreb natatacnep malad rebmus nemukod

.gnatuip utrak

)2 taruS ratfaD nauhatirebmeP

isalutipaker nakapurem nauhatirebmep tarus ratfaD

isgnuf uata tairaterkes isgnuf helo taubid gnay sak naamirenep

iulalem nakanaskalid gnatuip irad sak naamirenep akiJ .nahiganep

nauhatirebmep tarus ratfad nataubmep ,naahasurep higanep

kalid .nahiganep isgnuf helo naku

)3 knaB roteS itkuB

naroteynep itkub iagabes sak isgnuf helo taubid ini nemukoD

retid gnay sak i knab rotes itkuB .knab ek gnatuip irad am

iakapid nad ,isnatnuka isgnuf adapek sak isgnuf helo nakharesid

agabes isnatnuka isgnuf helo natatacnep kutnu rebmus nemukod i

naamirenep lanruj malad ek gnatuip irad sak naamirenep iskasnart

.sak

)4 isnatiuK

taubid gnay sak naamirenep itkub nakapurem ini nemukoD

nakukalem halet gnay rutibed arap igab naahasurep helo

.akerem gnatu narayabmep


33

.d nretnI nailadnegneP rusnU

gnatuip irad sak naamirenep metsis malad nretni nailadnegnep rusnU

:tukireb iagabes halada

)1 isasinagrO

)a nad nahiganep isgnuf irad hasipret surah isnatnuka isgnuF

.sak naamirenep isgnuf

nakatpicnem kutnU kcehc lanretni gnay nahiganep isgnuf

uata kec amirenem nad higanem kutnu bawaj gnuggnatreb

isgnuf irad nakhasipid surah rutibed irad ianut gnau

nakukalem kutnu bawaj gnuggnatreb gnay sak naamirenep

tnemsrodne lisah ianut gnau nad kec nakroteynem nad kec

ker ek nahiganep .knab id naahasurep orig gnine

)b .isnatnuka isgnuf irad hasipret surah sak naamirenep isgnuF

isgnuf nagned nakgnubagid helob kadit isnatnuka isgnuF

naanuggnep nanikgnumek iradnihgnem kutnu ,nanapmiynep

kukalid gnay nagnarucek iputunem kutnu isnatnuka natatac na

.nawayrak helo

)2 natatacneP rudesorP nad isasirotO metsiS

)a kutneb malad narayabmep nakukalem kutnu atnimid rutibeD

oriG( naukubhadnimep arac nagned uata aman sata kec

.)teyliB

ek hutaj rutibed irad sak naamirenep iradnihgnem kutnU

arap nakbijawem naahasurep ,nawayrak idabirp nagnat


43

nagned narayabmep nakukalem kutnu aynrutibed

nagned uata naahasurep aman sata kec nakanuggnem

.naukubhadnimep kutnu teylib orig nakanuggnem

)b ep isgnuF rasad sata aynah nahiganep nakukalem nahigan

isgnuf helo taubid gnay higatid surah gnay gnatuip ratfad

.isnatnuka

metsis iulalem kecid surah nahiganep isgnuf nataigeK

.isnatnuka sata nahiganep nakukalem aynah nahiganep isgnuF

alet gnay gnatuip ratfad rasad helo taubid gnay opmet hutaj h

kadit nahiganep isgnuf naikimed nagneD .isnatnuka isgnuf

naidumek rutibed irad gnatuip nahiganep nakukalem nikgnum

nagnitnepek kutnu tubesret nahiganep lisah gnau nakanuggnem

.utnetret utkaw akgnaj kutnu aynidabirp

)c tiderkgneP isnatnuka isgnuf helo gnatuip utnabmep gnineker na

nauhatirebmep tarus sata nakrasadid surah )gnatuiP naigaB(

.rutibed irad lasreb gnay

p naayakek halada gnatuiP nagnarugneP .naahasure

et surah isnatnuka natatac malad tatacid gnay gnatuip padahr

nakrasadid .hihas gnay nemukod sata

)3 taheS gnay kitkarP

)a arac atireb malad makerid surah sak nagnutihgnep lisaH

areges nagned knab ek hunep rotesid nad sak nagnutihgnep


53

nakukalem nretni askiremep isgnuf kidoirep araceS

id tubesret nagnutihrep lisah nad sak nagnutihgnep maker

nagnutihgnep araca atireb tubesid gnay nemukod utaus malad

malad knab ek rotesid areges tubesret sak ,gnutihid iaseleS .sak

.hunep halmuj

)b ( nakisnarusaid surah risak nad higanep araP dnob ytiledif

)ecnarusni

bawaj gnuggnat iharesid gnay nawayrak akiJ gnau agajnem

gnuggnanem naka isnarusa ,nagnarucek nakukalem tubesret

lubmit gnay naigurek okisir tubesret nagnarucek irad tabika .

)c asak naigab nagnat id ada gnay kiab( nanalajrep malad saK

nakisnarusaid surah )naahasurep higanep nagnat id nupuam

( hsac - ni - as ef nad hsac - ni - ecnarusni tisnart ).

gnay gnau apureb naahasurep naayakek ignudnilem kutnU

isnarusa putunem tapad naahasurep ,higanep helo awabid hsac

tisnart ni nagnat id ada gnay sak naayakek ignudnilem kutnU .

isnarusa putunem tapad nahasurep ,asak naigab efas ni hsac .

.e gnatuiP irad saK naamireneP metsiS rudesorP

ireneP naahasurep higanep iulalem gnatuip irad sak naam

:ini tukireb rudesorp nagned nakanaskalid

)1 ayntaas hadus gnay gnatuip ratfad nakirebmem gnatuip naigaB

.nahiganep naigab adapek higatid


63

)2 naigaB nakapurem gnay ,higanep nakmirignem nahiganep

.rutibed adapek nahiganep nakukalem kutnu ,naahasurep nawayrak

)3 tarus nad aman sata kec amirenem nahiganep naigaB

( nauhatirebmep timmer - ecivda ecnat .rutibed irad )

)4 naigab adapek kec nakhareynem nahiganep naigaB .asak

)5 adapek nauhatirebmep tarus nakhareynem nahiganep naigaB

.gnatuip utrak malad ek gnitsop nagnitnepek kutnu gnatuip naigab

)6 sak naamirenep adnat iagabes isnatiuk mirignem asak naigaB

.rutibed adapek

)7 kec sata naidumek ,knab ek kec nakroteynem asak naigaB tubesret

nakukalid tnemesrodne .gnanewreb gnay tabajep helo

)8 nakukalem naahasurep knaB gniraelc knab ek tubesret kec sata

.rutibed

.f iulaleM gnatuiP irad saK naamireneP metsiS nemukoD rilA nagaB

naahasureP higaneP

nahiganep nakanaskalem higanep naigaB naahasurep gnatuip

naigab helo taubid gnay higatid gnay gnatuip ratfad nakrasadreb

.rayabid muleb gnay rutkaf pisra uata gnatuip utrak rasad sata gnatuip

iulalem nahiganep naigab helo nakropalid rutibed irad nahiganep lisaH

tfaD .nauhatirebmep tarus ratfad helo nakharesid nauhatirebmep tarus ra

gnatuip naigaB .gnatuip naigab adapek nahiganep naigab

tarus ratfad malad nakropalid gnay nahiganep lisah nakgnidnabmem

ini arac nagneD .higatid gnay gnatuip ratfad nagned nauhatirebmep


73

o kecid higanep naigab nataigek .gnatuip naigab hel tarus ratfaD

nahiganep naigab helo nakharesid kec nagned iripmalid nauhatirebmep

nakukalem asak naigaB .asak naigab ek tnemesrodne nad kec sata

tatacnem lanruj naigaB .knab ek kec nakroteynem naidumek

iulalem gnatuip irad sak naamirenep malad id ini naahasurep higanep

.knab rotes itkub nakrasadreb sak naamirenep lanruj

iulalem sak naamirenep metsis nemukod rila nagab rabmaG

.ini tukireb iagabes halada naahasurep higanep


83

saK naamireneP metsiS 4.2 rabmaG naahasureP higaneP iulalem gnatuiP irad )594 :1002( idayluM


93

.G K naraulegneP isnatnukA metsiS sa

.1 ( nataigeK ispirkseD liceK saK anaD metsiS )

nagned nakukalid tapad kadit gnay naahasurep malad sak naraulegneP

anad iulalem nakanaskalid tapad kec nakaraggnelesid gnay licek sak

isautkulfreb odlas metsis nagned gnitautculf( - dnuf - ecnalab - )metsys uata

metsys tserpmi .

.a isautkulfreB odlaS metsiS gnitautculF( - dnuF - ecnalaB - )metsyS

anad naaraggneleynep ,isautkulfreb odlas metsis malaD licek sak

:tukireb iagabes rudesorp nagned nakukalid

)1 gnineker tibednerm nagned tatacid licek sak anad nakutnebmeP

.licek sak anad

)2 gnineker tiderkgnem nagned tatacid licek sak anad naraulegneP

lfreb ini gnineker odlas taas paites aggnihes ,licek sak anad .isautku

)3 iauses halmuj nagned nakukalid licek sak anad ilabmek naisigneP

.licek sak anad gnineker tibednem nagned tatacid ,naulrepek

irad isautkulfreb licek sak anad gnineker odlas ,ini metsis malaD

.utkaw ek utkaw

.b metsyS tserpmI

malaD metsys tserpmi nakukalid licek sak anad naaraggneleynep ,

:tukireb iagabes

)1 tatacid nad kec nagned nakukalid licek sak anad nakutnebmeP

sak anad gnineker odlaS .licek sak anad gnineker tibednem nagned


04

,aynmulebes nakpatetid halet gnay irad habureb helob kadit licek

ucek .ignarukid ota nakkianid tubesret odlas akij ila

)2 itkuB .lanruj malad tatacid kadit licek sak anad naraulegneP - itkub

pisra malad ajas naklupmukid licek sak anad naraulegnep

.licek sak anad gnagemep helo nakaraggnelesid gnay aratnemes

)3 anad ilabmek naisigneP gnay haipur halmujes nakukalid licek sak

naisigneP .licek sak naraulegnep itkub nalupmuk malad mutnacret

gnineker tibednem nagned nakukalid ini licek sak anad ilabmek

kadit licek sak anad gninekeR .sak gnineker tiderkgnem nad ayaib

gnep nagned huragnepret naikimed nagneD .licek sak anad naraule

utiay ,nakukalid hadum licek sak anad padahret nasawagnep

sak anad gnutihgnem kadadnem araces uata kidoirep araces nagned

naatnimrep nagned habmatid ada gnay gnau halmuJ .licek

trepid muleb gnay licek sak naraulegnep nad nakbawajgnuggna

odlas nagned amas surah ,licek sak anad naraulegnep itkub

.raseb ukub malad mutnacret gnay licek sak anad gnineker

.2 liceK saK anaD metsiS malad nakanugiD gnay nemukoD

.a rauleK saK itkuB

k naraulegnep hatnirep iagabes isgnufreb ini nemukoD irad sa

malad mutnacret gnay rasebes sak isgnuf adapek isnatnuka isgnuf

.tubesret nemukod ini nemukod ,licek sak anad metsis malaD

taas adap nad licek sak anad nakutnebmep taas adap nakulrepid

.licek sak anad ilabmek naisignep


14

.b saK naraulegneP naatnimreP liceK

kutnu licek sak anad iakamep helo nakanugid ini nenrukoD

.licek sak anad gnagemep ek gnau atnimem anad gnagemep igaB

halet itkub iagabes isgnufreb ini nemukod ,licek sak

helo nakpisraid ini nemukoD .aynhelo licek sak aynnakraulekid

sak anad gnagemep .licek sak anad iakamep aman turunem licek

.c liceK saK naraulegneP itkuB

kutnu licek sak anad iakamep helo taubid ini nemukoD

.licek sak anad naiakamep nakbawajgnuggnatrepmem nemukoD

itkub magned iripmalid ini - nad licek sak anad naraulegnep itkub

nakharesid anad gnagemep adapek licek sak anad iakamep helo

nagned licek sak anad metsis malaD .licek sak metsys tserpmi ,

nemukod nagned iripmalid licek sak naraulegnep itkub

gnagemep helo aratnemes pisra malad napmisid ayngnukudnep

nep naulrepek kutnu licek sak anad .licek sak anad ilabmek nasisig

malaD metsys tserpmi itkub natatacnep nakukalid kadit

malaD .isnatnuka natatac malad licek sak naraulegnep

gnitautculf - dnuf - metsys ecnalab licek sak naraulegnep itkub ,

helo nakharesid ayngnukudnep nemukod nagned iripmalid

ep tatacid kutnu isnatnuka isgnuf adapek licek sak anad gnagem

.licek sak anad naraulegnep lanruj malad


24

.d liceK saK ilabmeK naisigneP naatnimreP

kutnu licek sak anad gnagemep helo taubid ini nemukoD

raulek sak itkub naktaubid raga gnatu naigab adapek atnimem

.licek sak anad ilabmek naisignep anug sak anad metsis malaD

nagned licek metsys tserpmi kutnu atnimid gnay halmuj ,

gnau halmuj rasebes halada licek sak anad ilabmek naisignep

itkub malad mutnacret gnay nagned iauses nakraulekid gnay ianut

nad naraulegnep pisra malad naklupmukid gnay licek sak a

nagned licek sak anad metsis malaD .licek sak anad gnagemep

gnitautculf - dnuf - metsys ecnalab sak anad ilabmek naisignep ,

halet gnay ianut gnau halmuj adap nakrasadid kadit licek

legnep itkub nagned iauses nakraulekid numan ,licek sak narau

gnay ianut gnau naraulegnep nahutubek nagned iauses

.licek sak anad gnagemep helo nakarikrepid

.3 liceK saK anaD metsiS malad nakanugiD gnay isnatnukA natataC

.a ( saK naraulegneP lanruJ lanruoJ tnemesrubsiD hsaC )

anad metsis malaD nakanugid ini isnatnuka natatac ,licek sak

licek anad nakutnebmep malad sak naraulegnep tatacnem kutnu

rebmus nemukoD .licek sak anad ilabmek naisignep malad nad

naraulegnep lanruj malad natatacnep rasad iagabes iakapid gnay

ay raulek sak itkub halada sak halet gn isgnuf helo "sanul" pacid

.sak C sak naraulegnep lanruj hotno tukireb itrepes tahilid tapad


34

5.2 rabmaG saK naraulegneP lanruJ 1 :1002( idayluM 06)

.b ( keC retsigeR retsigeR kcehC )

anad metsis malaD nakanugid ini isnatnuka natatac ,licek sak

nem kutnu kutnu nakraulekid gnay naahasurep kec tatac

licek sak anad ilabmek naisignep nad nakutnebmep .

.c liceK saK anaD naraulegneP lanruJ

licek sak anad naraulegnep iskasnart tatacnem kutnU

suhk lanruj nakulrepid iagabes isgnufreb sugilakes ini lanruJ .su

naraulegnep tabika iagabes lubmit gnay natibednep isubirtsid tala

sak anad metsis malad nakanugid aynah ini lanruJ .licek sak anad

nagned licek gnitautculf - dnuf - metsys ecnalab .


44

.4 liceK saK anaD metsiS malad tiakreT gnay isgnuF

.a saK isgnuF

,kec isignem malad bawaj gnuggnatreb ini isgnuF

isasiroto nakatnimem ek kec nakhareynem nad ,kec sata adap

licek sak anad nakutnebmep taas adap licek sak anad gnagemep

abmek naisignep taas adap nad .licek sak anad il

.b isnatnukA isgnuF

gnuggnatreb isnatnuka isgnuf ,licek sak anad metsis malaD

:sata bawaj

)1 egnep natatacneP licek sak naraul nad ayaib tukgnaynem gnay

esrep .naaid

)2 .licek sak anad nakutnebmep iskasnart natatacneP

)3 ilabmek naisignep natatacneP lanruj malad licek sak anad

.kec retsiger uata sak naraulegnep

)4 lanruj malad licek sak anad naraulegnep natatacneP

malad( licek sak anad naraulegnep gnitautculf - dnuf - ecnalab

metsys .)

)5 adapek isasiroto nakirebmem gnay raulek sak itkub nataubmeP

lad sak isgnuf mutnacret gnay rasebes kec nakraulegnem ma

.tubesret nemukod malad

nakukalem kutnu bawaj gnuggnatreb aguj ini isgnuF

gnay gnukudnep nemukod nahihasek nad napakgnelek isakifirev

.raulek sak itkub nataubmep rasad iagabes iakapid


54

.c iceK saK anaD gnagemeP isgnuF l

sak anad nanapmiynep sata bawaj gnuggnatreb ini isgnuF

irad isasiroto nagned iauses licek sak anad naraulegnep ,licek

ilabmek naisignep naatnimrep nad ,kujnutid gnay utnetret tabajep

.licek sak anad

.d ianuT narayabmeP nakulremeM gnay isgnuF

lada ini isgnuF ha isgnuf - isgnuf nakulremem gnay

.ianut narayabmep

.e nretnI askiremeP isgnuF

sata bawaj gnuggnatreb ini isgnuf ,sak metsis malaD

( licek sak anad nagnutihgnep tnuoc hsac nad kidoirep araces )

ini isgnuF .sak natatac nagned aynnagnutihgnep lisah nakococnep

aguj kadadnem araces naaskiremep sata bawaj gnuggnatreb

( tidua desirprus nagnat id ada gnay licek sak anad odlas padahret )

.licek sak anad gnagemep

.5 liceK saK anaD metsiS nemukoD rilA nagaB

anad metsis malaD rudesorp utiay ,rudesorp agit tapadret licek sak

nad naatnimrep rudesorp ,licek sak anad nakutnebmep

rudesorp nad ,licek sak anad naraulegnep nabawajgnuggnatrep

.licek sak anad ilabmek naisignep

.a liceK saK anaD nakutnebmeP rudesorP

nad nakutnebmep rudesorP nagned licek sak a metsys tserpmi

nagned licek sak anad nakutnebmep rudesorp nagned amas


64

gnitautculf - dnuf - ecnalab .metsys tatacnem gnatu naigaB

sak itkuB .raulek sak itkub malad id licek sak anad nakutnebmep

tarus nagned iripmalid gnay raulek anad nakutnebmep nasutupek

.asak naigab ek gnatu naigab helo nakharesid licek sak

kec taubmem asak naigab ,tubesret raulek sak itkub nakrasadreB

sak itkub nad licek sak anad anad gnagemep adapek nakharesid

d haletes lanruj naigab adapek nakharesid raulek sanul pac ihububi

malad sak naraulegnep tatacnem lanruj naigaB .asak naigab helo

.kec retsiger

licek sak anad nakutnebmep rudesorp nemukod rila nagaB

.tukireb iagabes nakrabmagid tapad


74

liceK saK anaD nakutnebmeP rudesorP 6.2 rabmaG

M :1002( idaylu 635 )


84

.b anaD naraulegneP nabawajgnuggnatreP nad naatnimreP rudesorP

liceK saK

)1 gnitautculF - dnuf - metsys ecnalab

nagned licek sak anad metsis malaD gnitautculf - dnuf -

etsys ecnalab ,m ukub malad id licek sak anad gnineker odlas

naisignep halmuj nagned iauses isautkulfreb nakraibid raseb

.licek sak anad naiakamep nad

ianut gnau nakhareynem licek sak anad gnagemep haleteS

licek sak anad gnagemep ,licek sak anad iakamep adapek

akhareynem nemukod atreseb licek sak naraulegnep itkub n

itkub nakrasadreB .lanruj naigab ek ayngnukudnep

tatacnem naka lanruj naigab ,licek sak naraulegnep

sak naraulegnep lanruj malad id licek sak anad naraulegnep

ek sak anad naraulegnep iskasnart natatacneP .licek nagned lic

licek sak anad naraulegnep itkub kopmolek utas tatacnem

licek sak naraulegnep itkuB .utnetret utkaw akgnaj amales

,utnetret utkaw akgnaj kutnu lanruj naigab helo naklupmukid

malad aynisalutipaker lisah tatacid nad ,isalutipaker naktaubid

lanruj .licek sak anad naraulegnep

naraulegnep itkub nakhareynem naidumek lanruj naigaB

itkub rasad satA .ayaib utrak naigab adapek licek sak

naicnir tatacnem ayaib utrak naigab ,licek sak naraulegnep

.ayaib utrak malad licek sak anad irad nakraulekid gnay ayaib


94

rudesorp nemukod rila nagab rabmag halada ini tukireB

licek sak naraulegnep nabawajgnuggnatrep nad naatnimrep

nagned gnitautculf - dnuf - ecnalab .metsys

liceK saK naraulegneP nabawajgnuggnatreP nad naatnimreP rudesorP 7.2 rabmaGliceK saK anaD metsiS malad nagned gnitautculF - dnuF - ecnalaB metsyS M :1002( idaylu 935 )


05

)2 tserpmI metsys

malaD metsys tserpmi kadit licek sak anad naraulegnep

.isnatnuka natatac malad tatacid anad gnagemeP licek sak

turunem licek sak naatnimrep nemukod nakpisragnem aynah

sak anad naraulegnep akiJ .licek sak anad iakamep aman dajba

,licek sak nad iakamep helo nakbawajgnuggnatrepid halet licek

sak naraulegnep itkub nakpisragnem licek anad gnagemep

malid licek nad licek sak naraulegnep naatnimrep nagned irip

nemukoD .ayngnukudnep nemukod - ini nemukod

naatnimrep rasad iagabes iakapid kutnu naklupmukud

gnay anad halmuj rasebes licek sak anad ilabmek naisignep

.nakraulekid halet

rabmag halada ini tukireB rudesorp nemukod rila nagab

licek sak naraulegnep nabawajgnuggnatrep nad naatnimrep

nagned tserpmi metsys .


15

8.2 rabmaG rudesorP naatnimreP nabawajgnuggnatreP nad saK anaD naraulegneP

nagned liceK saK anaD metsiS malad liceK metsyS tserpmI 1002 ( idayluM )735 :


25

.c liceK saK anaD ilabmeK naisigneP rudesorP

)1 gnitautculF - dnuf - metsys ecnalab

nagned licek sak anad ilabmek naisignep rudesorP

gnitautculF - dnuf - metsys ecnalab nariskat sata nakrasadid

sak anad gnagemep helo nakulrepid gnay ianut gnau halmuj

.licek

nakukalid licek sak anad ilabmek naisignep naatnimreP

rilumrof nakanuggnem nagned licek sak anad gnagemep helo

nakharesid gnay licek sak anad ilabmek naisignep naatnimrep

nagned iripmalid kadit tubesret nemukoD .gnatu naigab adapek

ek sak naraulegnep itkub ,aygnukudnep nemukod nad lic

anad gnagemep helo nakharesid halet tubesret nemukod anerak

natatacnep nagnitnepek kutnu lanruj naigab adapek licek sak

sak itkub taubmem gnatu naigab ulaL .licek sak naraulegnep

ad nakmutnacid gnay haipur halmuj rasebes raulek mal

raulek sak itkuB .licek sak anad ilabmek naisignep naatnimrep

itkuB .gnatu naigab helo raulek sak itkub retsiger malad tatacid

ek rabmel raulek raulek sak - ek gnatu naigab helo nakharesid 2

ayaib naicnir natatacnep nagnitnepek kutnu ayaib utrak naigab

daehrevo ayaib nad ,mumu nad isartsinimda ayaib ,kirbap

.natukgnasreb gnay ayaib utrak malad narasamep

ayngnukudnep nemukod nagned iripmalid raulek sak itkuB

nakrasadreB .asak naigab ek gnatu naigab helo nakharesid


35

m asak naigab ,tubesret raulek sak itkub aman sata kec taubme

keC .kec sata isasiroto nagnat adnat nakatnimem nad

sak itkub nad licek sak anad gnagemep adapek nakharesid

pac ihububid haletes lanruj naigab adapek nakharesid raulek

.asak naigab helo sanul

)2 metsys tserpmI

d ilabmek naisignep rudesorP nagned licek ana tserpmi

metsys halet gnay ianut gnau halmuj sata nakrasadid

.licek sak naraulegnep itkub turunem nakraulekid

nakukalid licek sak anad ilabmek naisignep naatnimreP

rilumrof nakanuggnem nagned licek sak anad gnagemep helo

aisignep naatnimrep ini nemukoD .licek sak anad ilabmek n

nemukod nad licek sak naraulegnep itkub nagned iripmalid

licek sak anad gnagemep helo nakharesid ayngnukudnep

raulek sak itkub taubmem gnatu naigaB .gnatu naigab adapek

mrep malad nakmutnacid gnay haipur halmuj rasebes naatni

malad tatacid raulek sak itkuB .licek sak ilabmek naisignep

raulek sak itkuB .gnatu naigab helo raulek sak itkub retsiger

ek rabmel raulek - naigab ek gnatu naigab helo nakharesid 2

ayaib naicnir natatacnep nagnitnepek kutnu ayaib utrak

daehrevo irbap ayaib nad ,mumu nad isartsinimda ayaib ,k

.natukgnasreb gnay ayaib utrak malad narasamep


45

ayngnukudnep nemukod nagned iripmalid raulek sak itkuB

nakrasadreB .asak naigab ek gnatu naigab helo nakharesid

ata kec taubmem asak naigab ,tubesret raulek sak itkub aman s

keC .kec sata isasiroto nagnat adnat nakatnimem nad

sak itkub nad licek sak anad gnagemep adapek nakharesid

pac ihububid haletes lanruj naigab adapek nakharesid raulek

.asak naigab helo sanul

ilabmek naisignep rudesorp nemukod rila nagab rabmaG

anad malad licek sak tserpmi metsys .tukireb iagabes halada


55

9.2 rabmaG rudesorP nagned liceK saK anaD ilabmeK naisigneP naatnimrePmetsyS tserpmI 5 :1002 ( idayluM 14 )


65

9.2 rabmaG rudesorP nagned liceK saK anaD ilabmeK naisigneP naatnimreP

metsyS tserpmI )natujnaL( 5 :1002 ( idayluM )24


75

.H uluhadreT naitileneP

kaynab ,naahasurep igab isnatnuka metsis ayngnitnep tagnigneM

metsis kipot nagned naitilenep nakukalem kiratret gnay itilenep ,isnatnuka

naitilenep irad lisah rasadreB .sak naraulegnep nupuata naamirenep aynsusuhk

nad ,uyahaR IRPK ,oloS raynA gnaraK lucnumodiS riA umaJ TP ,uluhadret

adap anerak kiab hadus aynmumu adap atrakaygoY tesffO idnA VC

anaskalem halet tubesret naahasurep naamirenep kiab isnatnuka metsis nak

isnatnuka metsis nakgnadeS .neisife nad kiab nagned sak naraulegnep nupuata

gnabaC aisenodnI narayaleP TP adap sak naraulegnep nad naamirenep

TP adap isnatnuka metsiS .kiab nagned anaskalret muleb X TP nad gnarameS

leP kadit utiaY .nakiabrep ulrep hisam gnarameS gnabaC in

gnay ianut naraulegnep kutnu licek sak anad metsis aynnakaraggnelesid

muleb ,licek fitaler aynhalmuj odlas padahret nretni askiremep isgnuf kutnebid

id hisam gnadak ianut araces sak naraulegnep nad ,sak sak odlas irad naklibma

naraulegnep isnatnuka metsis nakgnadeS .nalisahgnep irad rebmusreb gnay

nataigek raga nakiabrep nakulremem hisam X TP adap ada gnay sak

aparebeb tapadret atres ,fitkefe nagned nalajreb tapad naahasurep lanoisarepo

sis adap nahamelek aynaratnaid ,naahasurep helo nakanugid ini taas gnay met

pakgnel gnaruk gnay natatacnep nad tapet gnaruk gnay isasinagro rutkurts

kadit naahasurep malad babes .sak naraulegnep lanruj taubmem


85

BAB III

NAITILENEP ADOTEM

.A naitileneP sineJ

.1 susaK idutS

naka gnay naitilenep sineJ utaus utiay ,susak iduts halada nakukalid

aggnihes satabret aynisalupop gnay utnetret kejbo padahret naitilenep

satabret ukalreb aynah ini naitilenep nakrasadreb libmaid gnay nalupmisek

.utnetret utkaw adap ukalreb nad itiletid gnay kejbo igab

.B nad tapmeT naitileneP utkaW

.1 naitilenep tapmeT

nalaJ id naktamalareb gnay gniretaC iduB id nakukalid ini naitileneP

81,oN nigniraW - .atrakaygoY ,odnebgnaraK 22

.2 naitilenep utkaW

nalub adap nakukalid ini naitileneP iluJ – rebmetpeS 1102 .

.C naitileneP kejbO nad kejbuS

.1 uS naitilenep kejb

.a naahasurep nanipmiP

.b unem taubmep nad nalaujnep naigaB

.c nagnauek nad naukubmep naigaB


95

.d naigaB naajnalebmep

.e iskudorp naigaB

.f gnadug naigaB

.g namirignep naigaB

.2 naitilenep kejbO

naamirenep isnatnuka metsis halada ini naitilenep malad kejbO sak

nad isnatnuka metsis ,gniretaC iduB adap ada gnay sak naraulegnep

isgnuf ianegnem aynsusuhk - ,isgnuf nemukod rudesorp nad ,natatac , gnay

nagned natiakreb .sak naraulegnep nad naamirenep

.D nakulrepiD gnay ataD

.1 naahasurep nagnabmekrep nad harajeS .

.2 atac nad nemukoD sak naamirenep iskasnart malad nakanugid gnay nat

,isnatiuk ,nalaujnep aton itrepes isalutipaker nad ,nalaujnep isalutipaker

sak naamirenep .

.3 sak naraulegnep iskasnart malad nakanugid gnay natatac nad nemukoD

itrepes itkub - sak naraulegnep iskasnart itkub , isalutipaker .sak naraulegnep

.4 sak naamirenep isnatnuka metsis rudesorp nad edoteM .

.5 sak naraulegnep isnatnuka metsis rudesorp nad edoteM .


06

.E ataD nalupmugneP kinkeT

.1 aracnawaW

arac nagned nakukalid gnay atad nalupmugnep kinkeT nakadagnem

adapek gnusgnal araces bawaj aynat adapek nad naahasurep nanipmip

naigab - .naitilenep kejbus idajnem gnay nial naigab kutnu ini kinkeT

atnet nasalejnep helorepmem isgnuf ,naahasurep mumu narabmag gn -

nad ,natatac ,nemukod ,isgnuf rudesorp reb gnay nagned natiak naamirenep

sak .sak naraulegnep nad

.2 isavresbO

arac nagned atad nalupmugnep kinket nakapurem isavresbO

raga naitilenep kejbo padahret gnusgnal araces natamagnep nakukalem

naamirenep metsis gnatnet salej narabmag tapadnem sak naraulegnep nad

k .sa

.3 isatnemukoD

nad naklupmugnem nagned nakukalid gnay atad nalupmugnep kinkeT

gnay naahasurep adap ada gnay atad uata nemukod irajalepmem

naamirenep metsis nagned nagnubuhreb sak anug sak naraulegnep nad

.nakhutubid gnay atad ipakgnelem

.F sisilanA kinkeT ataD

nahalasamrep bawajnem kutnu nakanugid gnay atad sisilana kinkeT

amatrep , gniretaC iduB adap sak naamirenep isnatnuka metsis hakapa utiay

:tukireb iagabes nakukalid tapad iroet nagned iauses hadus


16

.1 utiay naitilenep irad lisah atad nakispirksedneM isnatnuka metsis gnatnet

.gniretaC iduB adap sak naamirenep

.2 adap sak naamirenep isnatnuka metsis naanaskalep nakgnidnabmeM

gnay iroet nagned naahasurep ada . rusnU - halada nakgnidnabid gnay rusnu

:tukireb iagabes

.a isgnuF - isgnuf metsis malad tiakret gnay sak naamirenep

)1 isgnuF - irad sak naamirenep metsis malad tiakret gnay isgnuf

,gnadug isgnuf ,sak isgnuf ,nalaujnep isgnuf utiay ianut nalaujnep

.isnatnuka isgnuf nad ,namirignep isgnuf

T nalaujnep irad sak naamirenep nagnubuhreb gnay iskasnar

ianut surah isgnuf ,sak isgnuf ,nalaujnep isgnuf helo nakanaskalid

isnatnuka isgnuf nad ,namirignep . nalaujnep isgnuF surah hasipret

sgnuf irad f nad sak i .isnatnuka isgnuf irad hasipret sak isgnu

)2 F isgnu - irad sak naamirenep metsis malad tiakret gnay isgnuf

ip nasanulep isgnuf ,nahiganep isgnuf ,tairaterkes isgnuf utiay gnatu

.nretni askiremep isgnuf nad ,isnatnuka isgnuf ,sak

F isnatnuka isgnu nakanaskalid ganep isgnuf irad hasipret nahi

f atreS .sak naamirenep isgnuf nad hasipret sak naamirenep isgnu

isnatnuka isgnuf irad .

.b sak naamirenep isnatnuka metsis malad nemukoD

)1 irad sak naamirenep isnatnuka malad nakanugid gnay nemukoD

,sak retsiger atip ,ianut nalaujnep rutkaf :utiay ianut nalaujnep


26

gnidal fo llib ,pils selas drac tiderc itkub ,DOC nalaujnep rutkaf ,

,knab rotes nad er .nalaujnep kokop agrah isalutipak

isasirotoid nad katecret turu romonreb ianut nalaujnep rutkaF

.gnanewreb gnay isgnuf helo

)2 irad sak naamirenep isnatuka malad nakanugid gnay nemukoD

,nauhatirebmep tarus ratfad ,nauhatirebmep tarus :utiay gnatuip

itkub .isnatiuk nad ,knab rotes

.gnanewreb gnay isgnuf helo taubid surah nemukoD

.c sak naamirenep isnatnuka natataC

isnatnuka metsis malad nakanugid gnay isnatnuka natataC

lanruj ,nalaujnep lanruj :utiay ianut nalaujnep irad sak naamirenep

.gnadug utrak nad ,naaidesrep utrak ,mumu lanruj ,sak naamirenep

P nemukod sata nakrasadid isnatnuka natatac malad ek natatacne

gnay rebmus atreS .gnanewreb gnay isgnuf helo isasirotoid nad taubid

nawayrak helo nakukalid surah isnatnuka natatac malad ek natatacnep

.gnanewreb gnay

.d sak naamirenep rudesorP

sak naamirenep isnatnuka metsis kutnebmem gnay rudesorp nagniraJ

nalaujnep irad :utiay ianut rudesorp ,nalaujnep redro rudesorp

natatacnep rudesorp ,gnarab nahareynep rudesorp ,sak naamirenep

natatacnep rudesorp ,knab ek sak naroteynep rudesorp ,ianut nalaujnep

.nalaujnep kokop agrah naatacnep rudesorp nad ,sak naamirenep


36

J rp nagnira irad sak naamirenep metsis kutnebmem gnay rudeso

irad sak naamirenep rudesorp nad ianut nalaujnep surah gnatuip

netsisnok araces inagnatid .gnanewreb gnay isgnuf helo

.3 d gnay lisah sata nalupmisek kiraneM isaulavegnem irad helorepi metsis

amirenep isnatnuka na sak .gniretaC iduB adap

.4 naras nakirebmeM - naamirenep isnatnuka metsis gnatnet naras sak gnay

nagned iauses gnay nad nakparetid tapad isidnok .naahasurep

nahalasamrep bawajnem kutnu nakanugid gnay atad sisilana kinkeT

audek , snatnuka metsis hakapa utiay gniretaC iduB adap sak naraulegnep i

:tukireb iagabes nakukalid tapad iroet nagned iauses hadus

.1 isnatnuka metsis gnatnet utiay naitilenep irad lisah atad nakispirksedneM

nep narauleg .gniretaC iduB adap sak

.2 ulegnep isnatnuka metsis naanaskalep nakgnidnabmeM adap sak nara

gnay iroet nagned naahasurep ada . rusnU - halada nakgnidnabid gnay rusnu

:tukireb iagabes

.a isgnuF - sak naraulegnep metsis malad tiakret gnay isgnuf metsis( anad

licek sak ) .

isgnuF - sak anad metsis malad tiakret gnay isgnuf utiay licek

isgnuf ,licek sak anad gnagemep isgnuf ,isnatnuka isgnuf ,sak isgnuf

.nreti askiremep isgnuf nad ,ianut narayabmep nakulremem gnay


46

.b malad tiakret gnay nemukoD sak naraulegnep sak anad metsis nagned

licek

sak itkub :utiay duskamid gnay nemukoD naatnimrep ,raulek

naatnimrep nad ,licek sak naraulegnep itkub ,licek sak naraulegnep

licek sak ilabmek naisignep .

.c malad tiakret gnay isnatnuka natataC sak naraulegnep metsis nagned

licek sak anad

halada duskamid gnay isnatnuka natataC naraulegnep lanruj ,sak

naraulegnep lanruj nad ,kec retsiger anad .licek sak

.d licek sak anad metsis malad rudesorP

anad metsis malaD anad nakutnebmep rudesorp tapadret licek sak

naraulegnep nabawajgnuggnatrep nad naatnimrep rudesorp ,licek sak

.licek sak anad ilabmek naisignep rudesorp nad ,licek sak anad

paiT - isgnuf helo netsisnok araces inagnatid surah rudesorp pait

.gnanewreb gnay

.3 em irad helorepid gnay lisah sata nalupmisek kiraneM isaulavegn metsis

isnatnuka naraulegnep .gniretaC iduB adap

.4 naras nakirebmeM - p isnatnuka metsis gnatnet naras naraulegne sak gnay

nagned iauses gnay nad nakparetid tapad isidnok .naahasurep


56

VI BAB

NAAHASUREP MUMU NARABMAG

.A naahasureP nagnabmekreP nad harajeS

gnadib id karegreb gnay naahasurep utas halas halada gniretaC iduB

aud ratikes nakiridid ini naahasureP .gniretac gnay nuhat mane hulup ,ulal

b helo 5891 nuhat adap utiay ukales radnanuM kaksI kapa sugilakes nanipmip

.naahasurep kilimep aretup irad lasareb gniretaC iduB aman nahilimeP

.iduB amanreb gnay kilimep kilimep irad halada ini naahasurep lawa ladoM

kahip naktabilem apnat irtsi nad alumeS .aynsinsib naker uata naahasurep raul

irad nanasep inayalem halaynah ini naahasurep nataigek rotnak namet tapmet

kaynab tulum ek tulum irad naidumek ,nasira araca kutnu ajrekeb kilimep

namet - namalek amaL .nasemem ialum gnay nial namet m rotnak kahip ialu

araca kutnu nagnir nanakam nasemem - rotnak id araca . gnaulep tahileM

m iagabreb taubmem kilimep ,tubesret rawatid kutnu unem isairav maca nak

.naggnalep adapek unem nagned kiratret nup akereM halet gnay nakrawatid

ini gniretac asaj nakanuggnem gnires nad ada taas a .arac irah nikameS ,

nanasep inayalem ialum nad rotnak raul kahip helo lanekid ialum ini gniretac

.isrop naubir iapacnem ini taas gnay takgninem suret gnay halmuj malad

gniretac helo naknahatrepid ulales nanayalep atres asar nad anraw naudapreP

i .in


66

:tukireb iagabes halada ini naahasurep irad naujut nupadA

.1 .naahasurep igab kayal gnay abal uata nagnutnuek helorepmeM

.2 nagnapal akubmeM ajrek ,naahasurep ratikes takaraysam igab saul gnay

t naktakgninem utnabmem sugilakes nad naruggnagnep ignarugnem fara

.takaraysam pudih

.B naahasureP isakoL

alages nakukalem naahasurep tapmet halada naahasurep isakoL

:naitregnep aud ikilimem naahasurep isakoL .aynsatifitka

.1 gnay naahasurep isakol utiay ,rotnak itra malad naahasurep isakoL

sinimda nasuru kutnu nakanugid .isaler nagned nagnubuh nad isart

.2 gnay naahasurep isakol utiay ,iskudorp itra malad naahasurep isakoL

uata nanapmiynep tapmet nad iskudorp sesorp nataigek kutnu nakanugid

.gnadug

C iduB ,odnebgnaraK ,22 ,02 ,81.oN nigniraW nalaJ id katelret gnireta

rakaygoY at nakanugid nad ,tapmet agit irad irdidret gnay apmet kutnu t

nanapmiynep ,iskudorp nagnubuh nad isartsinimda nasuru kutnu nad ,tala

.isaler nagned

.C isasinagrO rutkurtS

etaC iduB adap iggnitret naasaukeK nanipmip adap katelret gnir

.naahasurep malad nupadA tkurts iaynupmem gniretaC iduB ,ini isasinagro ru

nad nalaujnep naigab ,nagnauek nad naukubmep utiay naigab aparebeb


76

,unem taubmep naigab ,namirignep rotanidrook ,iskudorp sawagnep

ijasumarp ,gnadug naigab ,namirignep naigab ,iskudorp naigab ,naajnalebmep

.natubares aganet nad

nalaujnep naigab ,nagnauek nad naukubmep naigab ihawabmem kilimeP

paiT ,namirignep rotanidrook nad ,iskudorp sawagnep ,unem taubmep nad -

gnay nagned utas aratna natiakreb gnilas isasinagro rukurts malad naigab pait

.nial

kutnU naigab natiakretek iuhategnem - iduB adap ada gnay naigab

.gniretaC iduB isasinagro rutkurts nagab halada ini tukireb ,gniretaC

gniretaC iduB isasinagrO rutkurtS

rabmaG 4 gniretaC iduB isasinagrO rutkurtS .1.

naahasureP nanipmiP

rotanidrooK .namirigneP

& nalaujneP unem taubmep

sawagnePiskudorP

naukubmeP nagnaueK&

ijasumarP namirigneP gnaduG iskudorP naajnalebmeP


86

gnisam gnanewew nad saguT – :tukireb iagabes halada naigab gnisam

.1 naahasureP nanipmiP

:halada ayngnanewew nad saguT

.a .naahasurep mumu nakajibek nakutnenem gnanewreB

.b gnay ahasu nad nataigek sata bawajgnuggnanep iagabes kadnitreB

.naahasurep aman sata nakukalid

.c .naahasurep malad ailanosrep rutagneM

.d m nad rutagneM nakharagne .nahawab adapek sagut

.e .raulek sak nad kusam sak padahret nakecegnep nakukaleM

.2 unem taubmep nad nalaujneP


.a .nemusnok irad redro amireneM

.b M tatacne amiretid gnay redro .nanasep ukub malad ek

.c unem ratfad taubmeM ..

.d gnep hatniremeM nahab naada .naajnalebmep naigab adapek

.e gnep hatniremeM .gnadug naigab ek nanamsarp tala naada

.3 nagnauek nad naukubmeP


.a .nemusnok irad narayabmep amireneM

.b .nanasep aton taubmeM

.c .gnatuip nasanulep kutnu isnatiuk taubmeM

.d tatacneM .sak naamirenep

.e .sak naraulegnep naarikrep gnutihgneM


96

.f .nanipmip irad sak atnimeM

.g .sak napmiyneM

.h nakukaleM .kosamep adapek narayabmep

.i .sak nakulremem gnay naigab adapek sak nakirebmeM

.j .sak naraulegnep iskasnart itkub amireneM

.k .sak naraulegnep tatacneM

.l .sak naraulegnep nad sak naamirenep nakropaleM

.m .iawagep ijaggneM

.4 iskudorp sawagneP


.a .iskudorp aynnalaj isawagneM

.5 namirigneP rotanidrooK

.a iskudorp naigab irad amiretid gnay nanasep kecegneM

.b .namirignep aynnalaj rinidrookgneM

.6 aduG gn

:halada aygnanewew nad saguT

.a .gnadug id tala ataneM

.b .iakapid naka gnay tala nakpaiyneM

.c .namirignep naigab ek iakapid kadneh gnay tala nakhareyneM

.d .gnadug irad raulek nad kusam gnay tala halmuj gnutihgneM

.e .hacep/kasur gnay tala nakropaleM


07

.7 namirigneP


.a .nemusnok ek nanasep mirigneM

.b .nasemep/ilebmep adapek aton nakhareyneM

.c .nasemep/ilebmep irad narayabmep amireneM

.d .isakol ek tala mirigneM

.8 iskudorP

halada ayngnanewew nad saguT

.a .iskudorp sesorp nakukaleM

.b d gnay nahab nakropaleM .naajnalebmep naigab ek nakulrepi

.9 naajnalebmeP

:halada naajnalebmep naigab gnanewew nad saguT

.a .iskudorp naigab irad sibah gnay nahab naropal amireneM

.b .iakapid naka gnay nahab kecegneM

.c orp nahutubek kutnu nahab ajnaleB .iskud

.d ajnaleb kutnu ianut gnau atnimeM nad naukubmep naigab ek

.nagnauek

.e .nagnauek nad naukubmep naigab adapek naajnaleb nakropaleM

.f .iskudorp naigab ek iskudorp nahab nakhareyneM

.01 ijasumarP

:halada ijasumarp gnanewew nad saguT

.a .nanakam nakijayneM

.b .umat inayaleM


17

.c .nakasam ataneM

.11 natubares aganeT


.a nagnapal id ijasumarp utnabmeM

.b gnirip icucneM

.c ayntapmet id tala ataneM

.D ailanosreP

.1 gniretaC iduB id nawayraK naamireneP rudesorP

arac nagned nakukalid gniretaC iduB id nawayrak naamireneP nolac

naidumek ,naahasurep ek gnatad tapad gnusgnal tanimreb gnay nawayrak

nakukalem kutnu naahasurep nanipmip nagned gnusgnal umetreb

aracnawaw solol gnay ajrekep nolac igaB .gnusgnal araces aracnawaw

l tapad akam ,nakpatetid gnay airetirk ihunemem atres .ajrekeb gnusgna

kilimep irad aynhunepes kah halada nawayrak naamireneP

isakifilauk sata nakrasadid ,urab nawayrak naamirenep malaD .naahasurep

apnat naahasurep isasinagro malad naajrekep utaus kutnu nakulrepid gnay

agnolog nad ,sar ,amaga ,ukus nakadebmem .n tarayS - ajrekep igab tarays

agob gnatnet nauhategnep ikilimem aynlasim ,iridnesret nakpatetid naka

.unem taubmep iagabes ramalem gnay ajrekep nolac kutnu

patet nawayrak irad iridret gniretaC iduB id ada gnay ajrek aganeT

awayraK .patet kadit nawayrak nad naukubmep naigab irad iridret patet n

,iskudorp sawagnep ,unem taubmep nad nalaujnep naigab ,nagnauek nad

naigab nad ,gnadug naigab ,namirignep naigab ,namirignep rotanidrook


27

aganet halada patet kadit gnay ajrek aganet nakgnadeS .naajnalebmep

skudorp ajrek ajrekeb kutnu liggnapid akereM .natubares nad ,ijasumarp ,i

ijasumarp atres iskudorp ajrek aganet aynkaynab nad nanasep ada taas

kutnU .amiretid gnay nanasep halmuj nakrasadreb liggnapid gnay

nanakam isrop nagned ijasumarp ajrek aganet halmuj nagnidnabrep utiay

.ijasumarp utas nakhutubmem isrop 05 nanamsarp nanasep paites

gnaro aud nakhutubmem sutares nanamsarp nanasep akij aggniheS

kutnu natubares aganet helo utnabid tubesret ijasumarP .ijasumarp

.gnirip icucnem

.2 ajreK aganeT halmuJ

nakapurem ajreK aganeT gnitnepret gnay iskudorp rotkaf utas halas

rotkaf gnipmasid - ,ajrek aganet rotkaf apnaT .nial gnay iskudorp rotkaf

.racnal nagned nalajreb naka kadit iskudorp sesorp

gniretaC iduB naahasurep malad ada gnay ajrek aganet nupadA

ikilimem ad nakididnep ratal ir naigabmep nagned anajras aggnih DS

:tukireb iagabes

.a unem taubmep nad nalaujnep naigab nawayraK gnaro 1 =

.b nagnauek nad naukubmep naigab nawayraK gnaro 1 =

.c iskudorp sawagneP gnaro 1 =

.d namirignep rotanidrooK gnaro 2 =

.e namirignep naigab nawayraK gnaro 5 =

.f gnadug naigab nawayraK gnaro 1 =

.g naajnalebmep naigab nawayraK gnaro 2 =


37

.h iskudorp naigab nawayraK gnaro 51 =

.i ijasumarP gnutnagret =

nanasep halmuj

.j natubares aganeT gnutnagret =

.nanasep halmuj

.E ajreK iraH nad ajreK maJ

:tukireb iagabes halada gniretaC iduB nawayrak kutnu ajrek maJ

.1 unem taubmep nad nalaujnep naigaB nineS : - 00.80.kp( utbaS -

.)00.61kp

.2 nagnauek nad naukubmep naiagaB nineS : - 00.80.kp( utbaS –

.)00.61kp

.3 iskudorP sawagneP nanasep amatrep maj irad :

aggnih nanasep iaseles

.4 namirigneP rotanidrooK : nanasep amatrep maj irad

rihkaret nanasep aggnih

.5 namirignep naigaB nanasep amatrep maj irad :

rihkaret nanasep aggnih

.6 gnadug naigaB 00.70 kp : - 00.61kp

.7 naajnalebmep naigaB utkawes : - nakhutubid utkaw

tkaw ( )malam nad igap : fitkefe u

.8 iskudorp naigaB .nanasep gnutnagret :

.9 ijasumarP .nanamsarp gnutnagret :


47

.01 natubares aganeT .nanasep halmuj gnutnagret :

.F naijaggneP metsiS

C iduB adap ada gnay nawayrak naijaggnep metsiS halada gnireta

.tukireb iagabes

.1 P patet iawage

,unem taubmep nad nalaujnep naigab irad iridret patet iawageP

,nagnauek nad naukubmep rotanidrook ,iskudorp sawagnep

namirignep ,namirignep .gnadug nad ,naajnalebmep ,

.a ,nagnauek nad naukubmep ,unem taubmep nad nalaujnep naigaB

.namirignep rotanidrook nad ,iskudorp sawagnep

gnay natapadnep irad gnutnagret nanalub ijag aynraseB

:tukireb iagabes utiay ,naahasurep helorepid

)1 00,000.000.002 pR .d.s pR = 00,000.000.1

)2 0.002 pR 00,000.00 – 00,000.000.003 pR 00,000.052.1 pR =

)3 00,000.000.003 pR > 00,000.005.1 pR =

.b namirignep naigaB

gnutnagret namirignep naigab kutnu nanalub ijag aynraseB

00,000.005 pR utiay naahasurep id ajrekeb nawayrak aynamal irad -

.00,000.057 pR

.c nalebmeP naigaB naaj

rasebes kokop ijag naktapadnem naajnalebmep naigaB

00,000.005pR - 00,000.007pR


57

.d gnaduG naigaB

rasebes naahasurep irad kokop ijag helorepmem gnadug naigaB

00,000.005pR

.2 patet kadit iawageP

.a iskudorp ajrek aganeT

nanasep halmuj irad gnutnagret iskudorp aganet ijag halmuJ

tukireb iagabes naksumurid tapad gnay

𝑎𝑙𝑚𝑢𝑗 ℎ 𝑖𝑠𝑟𝑜𝑝 𝑛𝑎𝑛𝑎𝑠𝑒𝑝 𝑟𝑒𝑝 ℎ 𝑖𝑟𝑎 𝑥 𝑝𝑅 005 , 00𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑇 𝑎𝑔𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑡 𝑖𝑠𝑘𝑢𝑑𝑜𝑟𝑝

.b ijasumarP

iduB ijasumarp aganet kutnU pR rasebes ijaggnem gniretaC

.nanamsarp ilak utas paites 00,000.53

.c natubares aganeT

,00,000.03 pR narayabmep amirenem natubares aganeT - kutnu

.nanamsarp ilak utas paites


67

V BAB

SISILANA NASAHABMEP NAD ATAD

.A isnatnuka metsis hakapa utiay amatrep halasam bawajnem kutnU

.iroet nagned iauses hadus gniretaC iduB adap sak naamirenep

.1 K naamireneP isnatnukA metsiS ianuT nalaujneP irad sa adap iduB

gniretaC

.a isnatnukA metsiS ispirksiD ianuT nalaujneP irad saK naamireneP

gniretaC iduB adap

irad lawareb gniretaC iduB adap sak naamirenep isnatnuka metsiS

naigab ek utiay rotnak ek nopelenem uata gnatad nemusnok taas

nad nalaujnep naigab naidumeK .unem taubmep nad nalaujnep

sret unem taubmep ukub adap nasepid gnay unem tatacnem tube

nalaujnep naigab ,tubesret nanasep ukub nakrasadreB .nanasep susuhk

tubesret unem ,irah rep unem ratfad taubmem unem taubmep nad

naigab kutnu amatrep rabmel .rabmel mane kaynabes taubid

bmel ,nagnauek nad naukubmep nad nalaujnep naigab kutnu audek ra

rabmel ,naajnalebmep naigab kutnu agitek rabmel ,unem taubmep

,gnadug naigab kutnu amilek rabmel ,iskudorp naigab kutnu tapmeek

.namirignep naigab kutnu maneek rabmel nad

ratfad nakkococnem nagnauek nad naukubmep naigaB unem

hadus akiJ .nanasep ukub nagned amiretid gnay amatrep rabmel


77

aton taubmem naka nagnauek nad naukubmep naigab ,iauses

naigab adapek nakirebid gnay rabmel utas kaynabes nalaujnep

.nasemep/ilebmep adapek nakharesid kutnu namirignep

unem ratfad haleteS naigab helo amiretid agitek rabmel

nahutubek ajnaleb areges tubesret naajnalebmep naigab ,naajnalebmep

nahab - nahab nakhareynem nad kasamem kutnu nahab - tubesret nahab

.iskudorp naigab adapek

naajnalebmep naigab irad nahab amirenem iskudorp naigab haleteS

d iskudorp naigab halurab ,tapmeek rabmel unem ratfad amiremem na

nalaujnep naigab irad aynamiretid gnay ratfad nagned iauses kasamem

nakharesid naka nanasep lisah ,gnatam hadus akiJ .unem taubmep nad

.namirignep naigab ek nakkococnem naka namirignep naigaB ratfad

naigab irad amiretid gnay nanasep nagned maneek rabmel unem

.iskudorp

unem ratfad nagned iauses tala nakpaiynem naka gnadug naigaB

adap gnadug irad nakraulekid gnay tala tatacnem ulal amilek rabmel

alet gnay talA .natalarep aynkusam raulek natatac ulal nakpaisid h

.namirignep naigab ek nakharesid

naigab ,unem ratfad nagned iauses nad ratnaid pais nanasep haleteS

adap aynnakhareynem nad nanasep nakmirignem areges namirignep

aynamiretid gnay nalaujnep aton nagned amasreb nasemep/ilebmep

p naigab irad .nagnauek nad naukubme


87

amirenem naka namirignep naigab ,nakharesid aton haleteS

naka nasemep/ilebmep ,kadit akiJ .nasemep/ilebmep irad narayabmep

naigab ek gnatad nagned gnusgnal narayabmep nakukalem

amiretid gnay aton awabmem nagned nagnauek nad naukubmep .ayn

irad narayabmep amirenem namirignep naigab akiJ

narayabmep gnau nakhareynem naka ai akam ,nasemep/ilebmep

awabmem apnat nagnauek nad naukubmep naigab adapek tubesret

.)nasemep/ilebmep awabid aton( nalaujnep aton

m nagnauek nad naukubmep naigab haleteS narayabmep amirene

nanasep ukub malad ek ayntatacnem naka ai ,namirignep naigab irad

.natukgnasreb gnay unem naigab adap ”sanul“ naksilunem nagned

nagnauek nad naukubmep naigab helo tatacid tubesret sak naamireneP

.sak ukub malad id

naka amiretid gnay saK nad naukubmep naigab helo nakharesid

nagned nakkococid sak ukub naidumeK .nanipmip adapek nagnauek

akiJ .naahasurep nanipmip helo amiretid gnay ianut gnau halmuj

nialeS .tubesret sak ukub inagnatadnanem ulal nanipmip ,iauses hadus

ukubmep naigab ,sak ukub isalutipaker taubmem aguj nagnauek nad na

.nalaujnep

.b irad saK naamireneP isnatnukA metsiS malaD tiakreT gnay isgnuF

ianuT nalaujneP


97

)1 nalaujnep isgnuF

helo nakanaskalid gniretaC iduB adap nalaujnep isgnuF

tubesret naigaB .unem taubmep nad nalaujnep naigab halada

adap ayntatacnem nad nasemep irad redro amirenem gnay naigab

taubmem kutnu rasad idajnem naka aynitnan gnay nanasep ukub

.unem ratfad

)2 sak isgnuF

naigab helo nakanaskalid gniretaC iduB adap sak isgnuF

amirenem sagutreb gnay nagnauek nad naukubmep tatacnem nad

helO .namirignep isgnuf irad nupuata nasemep irad narayabmep

pakgnarem aguj gniretaC iduB adap ada gnay sak isgnuf uti anerak

.isnatnuka isgnuf iagabes

)3 isgnuF gnadug

tala nakpaiynem sagutreb gnadug isgnuF - kadneh gnay tala

areynem nad iakapid uti nialeS .namirignep naigab adapek aynnakh

tala tatacnem sagutreb aguj gnadug naigab - nad kusam gnay tala

.gnadug irad raulek

)4 namirignep isgnuF

nanasep nakhareynem bawaj gnuggnatreb namirignep isgnuF

b helo taubid gnay aton nakhareynem nad nemusnok adapek naiga

amirenem atres nasemep adapek nagnauek nad naukubmep

malad aretret gnay halmuj nagned iauses nasemep irad narayabmep

.nalaujnep aton


08

)5 isnatnuka isgnuF

naigab helo nakanaskalid isnatnuka isgnuf ,gniretaC iduB adaP

sagutreb gnay nagnauek nad naukubmep nalaujnep aton taubmem

adapek nakharesid kutnu namirignep naigab adapek nakirebid nad

irad amiretid gnay narayabmep tatacnem uti haleteS .nasemep

pakgnarem sak isgnuf gniretaC iduB adap idaJ .namirignep naigab

.isnatnuka isgnuf iagabes

naiarU isgnuf - sak naamirenep metsis malad tiakret gnay isgnuf

.ini tukireb lebat malad mukgnarid tapad sata id nalaujnep irad

1.5 lebaT isgnuF namukgnaR - T gnay isgnuF iakre metsiS malad t

P irad saK naamireneP nalaujne ianuT

iroeT itkarP k

naahasureP

nagnareteK adA kadiT

ada nalaujneP isgnuF √ ini isgnuf gniretaC iduB iD

nalaujnep naigab helo nakanaskalid.unem taubmep nad

saK isgnuF √ ini isgnuf gniretaC iduB iD naukubmep naigab helo nakanaskalid pakgnarem sak isgnuF .nagnauek nad

.isnatnuka isgnuf iagabes gnaduG isgnuF √ ini isgnuf gniretaC iduB iD

tala nakpaisrepmem - nad tala kusam nad raulek gnay tala tatacnem

.gnadug id eP isgnuF namirign √ kahreb ini isgnuf gniretaC iduB iD

nasemep irad narayabmep amirenem namirignep nakukalem taas adap

.nanasep isnatnukA isgnuF √ gniretaC iduB adap isnatnuka isgnuF

.sak isgnuf helo nakanaskalid


18

F isgnu - isgnuf utiay iroet adap ada gnay isgnuf ,nalaujnep

atnuka isgnuf nad ,namirignep isgnuf ,gnadug isgnuf ,sak isgnuf isn

.gniretaC iduB adap nakparetid hadus

metsis malad tapadret gnay nretni nailadnegnep rusnU

gnay isasinagro rutkurts naksurahgnem ,sak naamirenep isnatnuka

j gnuggnat nakhasimem metsis kutnU .saget araces lanoisgnuf bawa

nalaujnep isgnuf ,ianut nalaujnep irad sak naamirenep isnatnuka

isgnuf irad hasipret surah sak isgnuf ,sak isgnuf irad hasipret surah

isgnuf helo nakukalid surah ianut nalaujnep iskasnart nad isnatnuka

,nalaujnep .isnatnuka isgnuf nad ,namirignep isgnuf ,sak isgnuf

arem hisam sak isgnuf ,gniretaC iduB adaP iagabes pakgn

nakhelobrepid namirignep isgnuf uti nialeS .isnatnuka isgnuf kutnu

taas adap narayabmep amirenem utiay ,sak isgnuf nakanaskalem

irignep nakanaskalem .nam tiakret gnay isgnuf uti anerak helO

muleb ianut nalaujnep irad sak naamirenep isnatnuka metsis malad

.iroet nagned iauses

isgnuf aynnalajreb nagneD - t gnay isgnuf nagned iauses kadi

nem ,gniretaC iduB adap iroet isgnuf adapek gnaulep nakidaj - isgnuf

gnay laH .sak naanughalaynep nakukalem kutnu natukgnasreb

nawayrak utas halas taas adap naidajek nagned itkubret tubesret

aynamiretid gnay sak nakroteynem kadit namirignep isgnuf irad

nasala nagned sak isgnuf adapek nasemep/ilebmep irad

m muleb nasemep/ilebmep .aynnanasep rayabme


28

metsis nagneD ay gn isgnuf nakhasimem kadit nagned sak

sak naamirenep malad isnatnuka isgnuf kilimep taubmem ,

naahasurep malad id tabilret kaynab kutnu naahasurep utiay

.lanretni nakecegnep nakukalem ayngnires nagned

.c nemukoD gnay d nakanugiD saK naamireneP mala ianuT nalaujneP irad

.i ianut nalaujnep rutkaF

ianut nalaujnep rutkaf taubmem kadit gniretaC iduB kutnu

nemejanam helo nakulrepid gnay isamrofni iagabreb makerem

nem makerem kutnU .ianut araces rayabid gnay iskasnart ianeg

gabreb ianegnem nemejanam nakulrepid gnay isamrofni ia

gnay nananasep ukub iulalem tahilem aynah aynasaib ,iskasnart

,nasemep nopelet romon ,nasemep tamala nad aman tatacnem

.nalaujnep agrah nad ,satitnauk ,nanasep sinej ,nanasep laggnat

nalaujnep rutkaf nupualaW naukubmep naigab ipatet ,taubid kadit

aman tatacnem gnay ianut nalaujnep aton taubmem nagnauek nad

.nalaujnep agrah nad ,nanasep halmuj ,nanasep sinej ,ilebmep

)2 sak retsiger atiP

,sak retsiger nisem nakanuggnem kadit gniretaC iduB aneraK

tip ada kadit akam itkub iagabes nakanugid tapad gnay retsiger a

aynah nagnauek nad naukubmep naigaB .sak naamirenep

naigab id nanasep ukub adap ”sanul“ nasilut nakhububmem

.sanul rayabid halet gnay nanasep


38

)3 pils selas drac tiderC

nakanuggnem nagned narayabmep amirenem kadit naahasureP

ada kadit aggnihes ,tiderk utrak pils selas drac tiderc naahasureP .

.ianut gnau nakanuggnem nagned narayabmep amirenem

)4 gnidaL fo lliB

nakanuggnem kadit naahasureP fo llib gnidal anerak fo llib

gnidal naahasurep irad gnarab nahareynep itkub iagabes nakanugid

iduB adaP .mumu natukgna naahasurep adapek gnarab laujnep

naigab helo gnusgnal araces nakharesid nanasep ,gniretaC

.nasemep/ilebmep adapek naahasurep namirignep

)5 nalaujnep rutkaF yrevileD no hsaC C( )DO

nalaujnep makerem kutnu nakanugid DOC nalaujnep rutkaF

adapek nakharesid DOC nalaujnep rutkaf nasubmeT .DOC

uata ,sop rotnak ,naahasurep natukgna naigab iulalem naggnalep

nagnat adnat nakatnimid nad mumu natukgna naahasurep

semep irad gnarab naamirenep halet awhab itkub iagabes na

kadit gniretaC iduB .naggnalep helo gnarab aynamiretid

.DOC nalaujnep rutkaf nakanuggnem

)6 knab rotes itkuB

itkub iagabes sak isgnuf helo taubid knab rotes itkuB

taas adap taubid knab rotes itkuB .knab ek sak naroteynep

ukalem nagnauek nad naukubmep naigaB .knab ek sak narotes nak

knab ek naroteynep nakukalem hanrep kadit gniretaC iduB adap


48

nanipmip adapek nakharesid tubesret amiretid gnay gnau anerak

.knab rotes itkub ada kadit ini lah malad aggnihes naahasurep

)7 isalutipakeR nalaujnep kokop agrah

taubmem hanrep kadit nagnauek nad naukubmep naigaB

.nalaujnep kokop agrah isalutipaker

nemukoD - tapad sata id nakrabajid halet gnay nemukod

.tukireb iagabes lebat kutneb malad ek mukgnarid

2.5 lebaT isnatnukA metsiS malad nakanugiD gnay nemukoD

ianuT nalaujneP irad saK naamireneP iroeT kitkarP

naahasureP nagnareteK

adA kadiT ada

ianut nalaujnep rutkaF √ nakanuggnem kadit naahasureP ipatet ,ianut nalaujnep rutkaf

aton nakanuggnem naahasurep.nalaujnep

sak retsiger atiP √ P nakanuggnem kadit naahasureretsiger nisem kadit aggnihes

.sak retsiger atip ada pils selas drac tiderC √ iduB adap ada gnay narayabmeP

.ianut araces halada gniretaC gnidal fo lliB √ nanasep nakhareynem nahasureP

naigab iulalem nasemep adapek ada kadit aggnihes namirignep

.gnidal fo llib DOC nalaujnep rutkaF √ kadit naahasureP nakanuggnem

nalaujnep rutkaf DOC nalaujnep , kutnu nakanugid aynah ini rutkaf

.DOC nalaujnep rotes itkuB knaB √ nad naukubmep naigaB

nagnauek kadit roteynem hanrep ipatet ,knab ek gnau

nakhareynem sak naamirenep adapek .nanipmip

agrah isalutipakeRnalaujnep kokop

√ taubmem kadit gniretaC iduB kokop agrah isalutipaker

nalaujnep


58

tapad sata id lebat iraD nemukod ada kadit awhab iuhatekid

gniretaC iduB malad id nakparetid gnay iroet nagned iauses gnay

naamirenep isnatnuka metsis malad nakanugid gnay nemukoD

nasalejnep iraD .nalaujnep aton utiay gniretaC iduB adap sak

nemukod awhab naklupmisid tapad tubesret adap nakanugid gnay

.iroet nagned iauses muleb gniretaC iduB

nagned iauses muleb nakanugid gnay nemukod nupikseM

nagned iauses hadus taubid gnay nalaujnep aton ipatet naka ,iroet

irad sak naamirenep malad nakulrepid gnay nemukod nahutubek

ianut nalaujnep .gniretaC iduB adap

.e isnatnukA metsiS malad nakanugiD gnay isnatnukA natataC

ianuT nalaujneP irad saK naamireneP

)1 nalaujneP lanruJ

kutnu nalaujnep lanruj nakanuggnem kadit gniretaC iduB

isalutipaker nakanuggnem naknialem ,nalaujnep atad sakgnirem

nalaujnep .nagnauek nad naukubmep naigab helo taubid gnay

nakitnagid nalaujnep lanruj gniretaC iduB malad id aggniheS

.nalaujnep isalutipaker helo aynisgnuf

)2 saK naamireneP lanruJ

lanruj taubmem kadit nagnauek nad naukubmep naigaB

gniretaC iduB ipatet ,sak naamirenep ukub nakanuggnem aynah

.sak


68

)3 mumU lanruJ

naka aynitnan gnay mumu lanruj taubmem kadit gniretaC iduB

.kokop agrah tatacnem kutnu nakanugid

)4 naaidesreP utraK

utrak nakanuggnem kadit gniretaC iduB kutnu naaidesrep

naigaB .iskudorp rupad id nahab naaidesrep isatum isawagnem

kutnu nakulrepid gnay nahab kecegnem naka naajnalebmep

gnay ajas apa nahab iuhatekid naka aggnihes nakasam taubmem

.nakasam taubmem kutnu nakhutubid nad sibah

)5 gnaduG utraK

iduB iagabes ipatet ,gnadug utrak nakanuggnem kadit gniretaC

aynkusam raulek natatac nakanuggnem gniretaC iduB aynitnag

.gnadug id natalarep

gnay sak naamirenep metsis malad isnatnuka natatac namukgnaR

.tukireb iagabes naklupmisid tapad sata id nakiaruid halet


78

.5 lebaT 3 A natataC isnatnuk irad saK naamireneP metsiS maladT nalaujneP ianu

iroeT kitkarPnaahasureP

nagnareteK

adA kadiTada

nalaujnep lanruJ

√ lanruj taubmem kadit gniretaC iduB isalutipaker taubmem ipatet ,nalaujnep

.nalaujnep lanruJ naamirenep

sak √ j taubmem kadit gniretaC iduB lanru

sak naamirenep taubmem aynah ipatet ukub sak naamirenep tatacnem kutnu

.sak mumu lanruJ √ lanruj taubmem kadit gniretaC iduB

itnaggnep natatac ada kadit nad mumu.mumu lanruj kutnu

naaidesrep utraK √ iulalem lortnokid kadit naaidesrePnaaidesrep utrak nakukalid ipatet ,

naigab helo gnusgnal araces.naajnalebmep

gnadug utraK √ natatac nagned itnagid gnadug utraKnatalarep aynkusam raulek .

iduB helo taubid gnay sak naamirenep kutnu isnatnuka natataC

gnay nalaujnep isalutipaker utiay anahredes tagnas hisam gniretaC

isireb gnay sak ukub ,nalaujnep lanruj nagned amas aynisgnuf

raulek natatac nad ,raulek sak nad kusam sak natatac gnatnet

ynkusam .gnadug utrak nagned amas isgnufreb gnay natalarep a

gnay ada kadit iroet nagned iauses gnay natatac nupualaW

natatac ipatet ,nakanugid - ihunemem hadus taubid halet gnay natatac

nad gniretaC iduB adap sak naamirenep natatacnep kutnu nahutubek

m tapad hadus iauses hadus gnay natatac irad isgnuf nakitnaggne

.iroet nagned


88

.f iraD saK naamireneP metsiS kutnebmeM gnay rudesorP nagniraJ

anuT nalaujneP i

.1 nalaujneP redrO rudesorP

unem taubmep nad nalaujnep naigab ini rudesorp malaD

ukub malad ayntatacnem ulal nasemep irad redro amirenem

unem ratfad taubmem ai tubesret nanasep ukub iraD .nanasep

naukubmep naigab ek nakhares id gnay rabmel mane kaynabes

jnalebmep naigab ,nagnauek nad naigab ,iskudorp naigab ,naa

.namirignep nad ,gnadug

gnisam ,amiretid gnay unem ratfad iraD - gnay naigab gnisam

ratfad nagned iauses ajrekeb naka gniretaC iduB adap tapadret

iauses halet ini nalaujnep redro rudesorP .aynamiretid gnay unem

.iroet nagned

.2 rP saK naamireneP rudeso

sak isgnuf ini rudesorp malaD nad naukubmep naigab utiay

iulalem nuputa nasemep irad narayabmep amirenem nagnauek

narayabmep amirenem uluhad hibelret gnay namirignep naigab

naigab sak amirenem taas adaP .nanasep mirignem taas

aukubmep ukub adap ”sanul“ nasilut nakhububmem naka n

helo nakanaskalid aynah sak naamirenep aynsuraheS .nanasep

,uti anerak helO .namirignep isgnuf iulalem apnat ajas sak isgnuf

.iroet nagned iauses muleb sak naamirenep rudesorp


98

.3 gnaraB nahareyneP rudesorP

isgnuF nasemep adapek nanasep nakhareynem namirignep

nad naukubmep naigab helo taubid gnay aton nagned iauses

naigab ,tubesret nanasep nahareynep taas adaP .nagnauek

narayabmep amirenem kutnu nakhelobrepid namirignep

aheS .nakhares ai halet gnay aton nakrasadreb isgnuf aynsur

laH .ajas nanasep nakmirignem sagutreb aynah namirignep

iduB adap gnarab nahareynep rudesorp taubmem tubesret

.iroet nagned iauses muleb gniretaC

.4 ianuT nalaujneP natatacneP rudesorP

ini rudesorp malaD nagnauek nad naukubmep naigab gnay

purem sak isgnuf iagabes sugilakes aguj isnatnuka isgnuf naka

malad ianut nalaujnep iskasnart natatacnep nakukalem

natatacnep rudesorP .sak ukub nad nalaujnep isalutipaker

isnatnuka isgnuf helo nakukalid aynah aynsurahes ianut nalaujnep

isgnuf irad hasipret gnay rudesorp ,uti anerak helO .sak

iauses muleb gniretaC iduB adap ianut nalaujnep natatacnep

.iroet nagned

.5 knaB ek saK naroteyneP rudesorP

ahret nretni nailadnegnep metsiS naksurahgnem sak pad

naroteynep sak aumes knab ek areges nagned adap amiretid gnay

d ipatet nakA .sak isgnuf helo nakukalid gnay irah utaus mala

ini rudesorp nagnauek nad naukubmep naigab sak nakroteynem


09

ek amiretid gnay aggniheS .hunep halmuj malad nanipmip adap

ek sak naroteynep rudesorp ada kadit gniretaC iduB adap .knab

.6 saK naamireneP natatacneP rudesorP

esorp malaD d ,ini ru nagnauek nad naukubmep naigab

em adap naakrasadreb sak ukub malad ek sak naamirenep tatacn

aynsuraheS .”sanul“ nasilut irebid hadus gnay nanasep ukub

isgnuf helo nakanaskalid ini rudesorp irad hasipret gnay isnatnuka

.iroet nagned iauses muleb ini rudesorp ,uti irad akaM .sak isgnuf

.7 nalaujneP kokoP agraH natatacneP rudesorP

taubmem isnatnuka isgnuf aynsurahes ini rudesorp malaD

gniretaC iduB ipatet nakA .nalaujnep kokop agrah isalutipaker

.nalaujnep kokop agrah natatacnep nakukalem kadit

sak naamirenep isnatnuka metsss kutnebmem gnay rudesorP

.tukireb lebat adap tahilid tapad ianut nalaujnep irad


19

4.5 lebaT naamireneP isnatnukA metsiS kutnebmeM gnay rudesorP nagniraJ

aujneP irad saK ianuT nal iroeT kitkarP


adA kadiT ada

nalaujnep redro rudesorP √ nalaujnep redro rudesorP isgnuf helo nakanaskalid iauses hadus nad nalaujnep

iroet nagned sak naamirenep rudesorP √ adap sak naamirenep rudesorP

helo nakanaskalid gniretaC iduB namirignep isgnuf nad sak isgnuf sak naamirenep rudesorp aggnihes

.iroet nagned iauses muleb nahareynep rudesorP

gnarab √ helo nakanaskalid ini rudesorP

aguj gnay namirignep isgnuf amirenem irad narayabmep

rudesorP aggniheS .naggnalep iauses muleb gnarab nahareynep

.iroet nagned natatacnep rudesorP

ianut nalaujnep √ nalaujnep natatacnep rudesorP

helo nakukalid ianut isgnuf pakgnarem gnay isnatnuka tatacid atres sak isgnuf iagabes

aker adap nad nalaujnep isalutip natatacnep rudesorP .sak ukub iauses muleb ianut nalaujnep

.iroet nagned sak naroteynep rudesorP

knab ek √ gniretaC iduB adap sak isgnuF

amiretid gnay sak nakroteynem kadit aggniheS .nanipmip adapek ek sak naroteynep rudesorp ada

.knab natatacnep rudesorP

sak naamirenep √ naamirenep natatacnep rudesorP

isgnuf helo nakanaskalid sak pakgnarem gnay isnatnuka rudesorP .sak isgnuf iagabes muleb sak naamirenep natatacnep

.iroet nagned iauses natatacnep rudesorP

nalaujnep kokop agrah √ nakanaskalem kadit gniretaC iduB

kokop agrah natatacnep rudesorp.nalaujnep


29

isnatnuka metsis kutnebmem gnay rudesorp nagniraJ

muleb gniretaC iduB adap ianut nalaujnep irad sak naamirenep

.iroet nagned iauses

metsis kutnebmem gnay rudesorp nagniraJ isnatnuka

nakanaskalid gnay ada hisam ianut nalaujnep irad sak naamirenep

irad tahilid tapad tubesret laH .gnanewreb kadit gnay isgnuf helo

,ianut nalaujnep natatacnep rudesorp ,sak naamirenep rudesorp

aumes gnay sak naamirenep natatacnep rudesorp nad

lid nakapurem aguj sugilakes gnay sak isgnuf helo nakanaska

nakhelobrepid namirignep isgnuf uti nialeS .isnatnuka isgnuf

.sak naamirenep rudesorp malad tabilret

isnatnuka metsis kutnebmem gnay rudesorp nagniraJ

ok kadit aguj ianut nalaujnep irad sak naamirenep aneraK .netsisn

isgnuf helo nakanaskalid gnadak sak naamirenep rudesorp malad

gnay namirignep isgnuf helo nakanaskalid gnadakret nad sak

.namirignep rudesorp naanaskalep taas narayabmep amirenem

isnatnuka metsis kutnebmem gnay rudesorp nagniraj nagneD

enep nagned iauses kadit gnay ianut nalaujnep irad sak naamir

gnay sak naamirenep isnatnuka metsis uggnaggnem tapad ,iroet

halasam aparebeb irad itkubret ini laH .gniretaC iduB adap ada

sak naamirenep metsis aynnalajreb patet irad tabika lubmit gnay

.ada gnay


39

sak naamirenep nagneweleynep nial aratna tubesret halasaM

namirignep isgnuf irad nawayrak utas halas helo nakukalid gnay

rudesorp nakanaskalem taas narayabmep amirenem gnay

adapek nakrotesid kadit tubesret amiretid gnay saK .namirignep

a nagned sak isgnuf .rayabmem muleb nasemep/ilebmep nasal

.g rila nagaB s irad gniretaC iduB adap sak naamirenep isnatnuka metsi

ianut nalaujnep

gniretaC iduB adap sak naamirenep isnatnuka metsis rila nagaB

.tukireb rabmag adap tahilid tapad ianut nalaujnep irad


49

nalaujneP naigaB naukubmeP naigaB uneM taubmeP nad K nad nagnaue

naigab iraD namirignep

1.5 rabmaG rilA nagaB saK naamireneP isnatnukA metsiS p gniretaC iduB ada d ira

ianuT nalaujneP

ialuM

amireneM irad redro

ilebmep

ukub isigneMnanasep

6

5

4

3

2

unem ratfaD 1

nanasep ukuB

2 uneM ratfaD ukuBnanasep

ukub nakkococneM 1 rabmel nanasep

ratfad nagned2 rabmel unem

aton taubmeM nanalaujnep nalaujnep

2

T 1

3

4

5

6

1

2

atoNnalaujnep

8

amireneM irad narayabmepnamirignep naigab

nakhububmeM adap ”sanul“ nasilut

nanasep ukub

ukuBnanasep

ukuBnanasep

7

7

sak ukuB

T

iaseleS

ukuBnanasep

isalutipakeRnalaujneP


59

naigaB naigaB naigaB naajnalebmeP iskudorP gnaduG

naigab iraD naajnalebmep

iskudorp naigab eK namirignep naigab eK namirignep naigab eK

.5 rabmaG 1 rilA nagaB S p saK naamireneP isnatnukA metsi gniretaC iduB ada d ira

ianuT nalaujneP )natujnaL(

3

3 unem ratfaD

nahab ajnaleB ratfad rasadreB 3 rabmel uneM

T

4

unem ratfaD 4

iauses kasameM rabmel unem nagned

4 rabmel

T

5

5 unem ratfaD

tala nakpaiyneM unem ratfad iauses

5 rabmel

tala tatacneMraulek gnay

nakhareyneM naigab ek nahab

iskudorp

nahab tsilkecneM ratfad nagned

4 rabmel unem

nakhareyneM naigab ek tala

namirignep

nakhareyneM naigab ek nakasam

namirignep

T

natataC raulek

aynkusam natalarep


69

namirigneP naigaB

naigaB iraD naigab iraD nasemep/ilebmep iraD iskudorp gnadug

nakhareynem haletes nalaujnep aton

nagnauek nad naukubmep naigab eK amasreb nakharesiD

nanasep ilebmep kutnU

.5 rabmaG 1

rilA nagaB S p saK naamireneP isnatnukA metsi gniretaC iduB ada d iraianuT nalaujneP )natujnaL(

6 unem ratfaD atoN nalaujnep

6 8

atoNnalaujnep

6 unem ratfaD

T

roteyneM ek narayabmep

naukubmep naigabnagnauek nad

amireneM irad narayabmep

nasemep/ilebmep

nakhareyneM ek nanasep

ilebmep

ratfad tsilkecneM unem 6 aton nagned

nalaujnep , ,nakasamtala nad


79

.2 K naamireneP isnatnukA metsiS gnatuiP nasanuleP irad sa adap iduB

gniretaC

.a gnatuiP nasanuleP irad saK naamireneP isnatnukA metsiS ispirkseD

gniretaC iduB adap )naahasureP higaneP iulaleM(

irad lasareb gniretaC iduB helo ikilimid gnay gnatuiP

naigaB .gniretac nanasemep rayabmem muleb gnay ilebmep/nasemep

nagnauek nad naukubmep aynikilimid gnay gnatuip gnutihgnem naka

adapek aynhiganem naka ulal ,nanasep ukub nakrasadreb

naigab ,gnatuip narayabmep amirenem haleteS .nasemep/ilebmep

rabmel utas kaynabes isnatiuk taubmem nagnauek nad naukubmep

.nasemep/ilebmep adapek nakirebid gnay naigab ,uti haleteS

ukub adap ”sanul“ nasilut nakhububmem nagnauek nad naukubmep

.sak ukub malad ayntatacnem nad natukgnasreb gnay nanasep

.b irad saK naamireneP isnatnukA metsiS malad tiakreT gnay isgnuF

gnatuiP nasanuleP

)1 tairaterkes isgnuF

niretaC iduB adaP isgnuF .tairaterkes isgnuf ada kadit g

iulalem nakukalid gnatuip irad sak naamirenep akij ada tairaterkes

iulalem uata sop kcol - xob - noitcelloc nalp .

)2 nahiganep isgnuF

nakanaskalid gniretaC iduB adap ada gnay nahiganep isgnuF

nauek nad naukubmep naigab helo nanasep ukub nakrasadreb nag

.”sanul“ nasilut ihububid muleb gnay


89

)3 sak isgnuF

nad naukubmep naigab helo nakanaskalid ini isgnuF

isgnuF .gnatuip nasanulep narayabmep amirenem utiay ,nagnauek

nad nahiganep isgnuf iagabes pakgnarem gniretaC iduB adap sak

sgnuf .isnatnuka i

)4 isnatnuka isgnuF

natatacnep malad bawaj gnuggnatreb isnatnuka isgnuF

gnatuip irad sak naamirenep naigab tubesret lah malaD .

gnatuip nasanulep halmujes tatacnem nagnauek nad naukubmep

.sak ukub malad ek aynamiretid gnay

)5 nretni askiremep isgnuF

nretni naaskiremep isgnuF malad bawaj gnuggnatreb

at id ada gnay sak nagnutihgnep nakanaskalem sak isgnuf nagn

nad kidoirep araces gnay sak natatac naitiletek kecegnem kutnu

isnatnuka isgnuf helo nakaraggnelesid nanipmip ,ini lah malaD .

nakanaskalem gnay .nretni askiremep isgnuf

isgnuf salejrepmem kutnU - metsis malad tiakret gnay isgnuf

p nasanulep irad sak naamirenep isnatnuka gnatui lebat taubid akam ,

gniretaC iduB id kitkarp nagned iroet aratna nakgnidnabmem kutnu

.tukireb iagabes


99

5.5 lebaT namukgnaR isgnuF - isnatnukA metsiS malad tiakreT gnay isgnuF

P irad saK naamireneP gnatui

iroeT

itkarP k naahasureP

nagnareteK adA kadiT ada

tairaterkes isgnuF √ kutnu nakanugid tairaterkes isgnuF nasanulep irad sak naamirenep iulalem uata sop iulalem gnatuip

kcol - xob - noitcelloc nalp . nahiganep isgnuF √ isgnuf gniretaC iduB adaP

naigab helo nakukalid nahiganep.nagnauek nad naukubmep

sak isgnuF √ sak isgnuf gniretaC iduB adaP isgnuf iagabes pakgnarem

.isnatnuka isgnuf nad nahiganep isnatnuka isgnuF √ isgnuf gniretaC iduB adaP

iagabes pakgnarem isnatnuka.sak isgnuf nad nahiganep isgnuf

isgnuFnretni naaskiremep

√ naasakiremep gniretaC iduB adaP helo gnusgnal nakukalid nretni

.nanipmip

adap ada gnay isgnuf awhab tahilid tapad sata id lebat iraD iroet

isgnuf nad ,isnatnuka isgnuf ,sak isgnuf ,nahiganep isgnuf utiay

isgnuf aynaH .gniretaC iduB adap ada halet nretni naaskiremep

kutnu nakanugid tubesret tubesret isgnuf anerak ada kadit tairaterkes

iulalem gnay gnatuip nasanulep irad sak naamirenep iulalem uata sop

kcol - xob - noitcelloc nalp .

naamirenep malad tiakret gnay isgnuf iagabreb gniretaC iduB adaP

isgnuf utiay ajas gnaro utas helo nakanaskalid hisam gnatuip irad sak

isgnuf iagabes nad sak isgnuf iagabes pakgnarem gnay nahiganep

.isnatnuka isnatnuka metsis malad tiakret gnay isgnuf uti anerak helO


001

anamid iroet iauses muleb gnatuip nasanulep irad sak naamirenep

isgnuf nad nahiganep isgnuf irad hasipret surah isnatnuka isgnuf

gnuf irad hasipret surah sak naamirenep isgnuf atres ,sak naamirenep is

.isnatnuka

isgnuf agitek padahret nahasimep nakukalem gniretaC iduB akiJ

nahabmat kutnu ijag ayaib nahabmat nakulremem naka akam ,tubesret

anerak helO .nahiganep isgnuf nakanaskalem naka gnay nawayrak

ahret nahasimep nakukalem kadit gniretaC iduB haluti isgnuf agitek pad

.tubesret

.c irad sak naamirenep isnatnuka metsis malad nakanugid gnay nemukoD

natuip nasanulep g

)1 nauhatirebmep taruS

uhatirebmem kutnu rutibed helo taubid aynasaib ini nemukoD

nakanugid ini taruS .aynnakukalid gnay narayabmep duskam

natatacnep malad rebmus nemukod kutnu naahasurep helo

nauhatirebmep tarus ,gnatuip utrak malad gnatuip ayngnarukreb

gniretaC iduB .raulek sak itkub nasubmet apureb aynasaib ini

nemukod iagabes nauhatirebmep tarus nakanuggnem kadit

natatacnep malad rebmus gnay nasemeP .gnatuip ayngnarukreb

nagned gnusgnal umetreb tapad ayngnatu rayabmem kadneh

nakulremem kadit aggnihes nagnauek nad naukubmep naigab

.nauhatirebmep tarus


101

)2 nauhatirebmep tarus ratfaD

isalutipaker nakapurem nauhatirebmep tarus ratfaD

naamirenep tarus ratfaD .nahiganep isgnuf helo taubid gnay sak

naamireneP .gniretaC iduB helo taubid kadit ini nauhatirebmep

laggnat adap sak naamirenep iagabes tatacid naka gnatuip irad sak

.sak ukub adap tatacid nad gnatuip nasanulep taas

)3 knab rotes itkuB

nay saK nagnauek nad naukubmep naigab helo amiretid g

nanipmip adapek nakharesid ipatet ,knab ek rotesid kadit

.knab rotes itkub ada kadit aggnihes naahasurep

)4 isnatiuK

kutnu isnatiuk taubmem nagnauek nad naukubmep naigaB

natu rayabmem hadus naggnalep awhab itkub isnatiuK .ayng

.naggnalep adapek nakharesid tubesret

d nasakgniR isnatnuka metsis malad nakanugid gnay nemuko

irad sak naamirenep nasanulep gnatuip tapad gniretaC iduB adap

.tukireb lebat adap tahilid


201

6.5 lebaT metsiS malad nakanugiD gnay nemukoD isnatnukA

P irad saK naamireneP gnatui iroeT kitkarP


adA kadiTada

nauhatirebmep taruS √ kadiT iauses id naadaek nagned gniretaC iduB adaP .gniretaC iduB rayabmem naka gnay nasemep

ayngnatu gnusgnal umetreb tapad naigab nagned nad naukubmep

ini nemukod aggnihes nagnauek.nakulrepid kadit

tarus ratfaDnauhatirebmep

√ kadit gniretaC iduB adaP ratfad ada naamireneP .nauhatirebmep tarus ukub malad tatacid gnatuip irad sak

.sak knab rotes itkuB √ nasanulep irad amiretid gnay saK

,knab ek rotesid kadit gnatuip naknialem nakrotesid nanipmip ek.naahasurep

isnatiuK √ naigab helo taubid isnatiuK nad naukubmep gnay nagnauek

naggnalep adapek nakirebid itkub iagabes gnatu aynsanul

.naggnalep

nemukoD sak naamirenep isnatnuka metsis malad tiakret gnay

taruS .iroet nagned iauses muleb gnatuip nasanulep irad

kadit knab rotes itkub nad ,nauhatirebmep tarus ratfad ,nauhatirebmep

kadit gnamem tubesret nemukoD agiteK .gniretaC iduB adap tapadret

o nakulrepid gnay naadaek nagned iauses kadit nad gniretaC iduB hel

isnatiuk utiay iakapid hadus gnay nemukoD .gniretaC iduB adap ada

isnatiuK .naahasurep adap nahutubek nagned iauses halet gnay

.nagnauek nad naukubmep naigab helo taubid tubesret


301

.d saK naamireneP metsiS naahasureP higaneP iulaleM gnatuiP irad

higanep iulalem gnatuip irad sak naamirenep metsis rudesorP

tahilem kutnU .iroet nagned iauses kadit gniretaC iduB adap

naamirenep rudesorp nakgnidnabmem tapad atik tubesret naadebrep

lem gnatuip nasanulep irad sak adap ada gnay naahasurep higanep iula

.iroet adap ada gnay rudesorp nagned gniretaC iduB

rudesorp nagnidnabrep lebat nakapurem ini tukireB naamirenep

uip irad sak gniretaC iduB adap naahasurep higanep iulalem gnat

.iroet nagned


401

7.5 lebaT higaneP iulaleM gnatuiP irad saK naamireneP rudesorP

P .naahasure iroeT naahasureP kitkarP

)1 nakirebmem gnatuip naigaB

hadus gnay gnatuip ratfad naigab adapek higatid ayntaas

.nahiganep )2 nahiganep naigaB

gnay ,higanep nakmirignem nawayrak nakapurem nakukalem kutnu ,naahasurep

.rutibed adapek nahiganep )3 amirenem nahiganep naigaB

tarus nad aman sata kec( nauhatirebmep timmer - ecnat

ecivda .rutibed irad ) )4 nahiganep naigaB

adapek kec nakhareynem.asak naigab

)5 naigaB nahiganep tarus nakhareynem

nauhatirebmep naigab adapek nagnitnepek kutnu gnatuip

.gnatuip utrak malad ek gnitsop )6 isnatiuk mirignem asak naigaB

sak naamirenep adnat iagabes.rutibed adapek

)7 kec nakroteynem asak naigaB kec sata naidumek ,knab ek

nakukalid tubesret tnemesrodne ewreb gnay tabajep helo .gnan

)8 nakukalem naahasurep knaBgniraelc ek tubesret kec sata

.rutibed knab

)1 nagnauek nad naukubmep naigaB

gnay gnatuip halmuj gnutihgnemnanasep ukub adap ada

)2 nagnauek nad naukubmep naigaB.nahiganep nakukalem

)3 naigaB nagnauek nad naukubmep amirenem gnatuip narayabmep

irad ianut araces.nasemep/ilebmep

)4 nagnauek nad naukubmep naigaB utas aynah isnatiuk taubmem nakrasadreb ajas rabmel

.aynamiretid gnay nasanulep )5 nagnauek nad naukubmep naigaB

adapek isnatiuk nakhareynem adnat iagabes nasemep/ilebmp

nulep .gnatuip nasa )6 nagnauek nad naukubmep naigaB

”sanul” nasilut nakhububmem gnay nanasep ukub adap

.natukgnasreb )7 nagnauek nad naukubmep naigaB

adap gnatuip nasanulep tatacem.sak ukub

)8 nagnauek nad naukubmep naigaB aynnahigat lisah nakroteynem

nanipmip adapek .naahasurep )9 nakukalem naahasurep nanipmiP

gnay sak padahret nakecegnep.sak ukub adap amiretid

)01 naahasurep nanipmiP adap nagnat adnat nakhububmem halet adnat iagabes sak ukub

.tubesret natatac aynisasirotoid


501

gnatuip nasanulep irad sak naamirenep rudesorP adap ada gnay

aynah ada gnay rudesorP .iroet nagned iauses muleb gniretaC iduB

nanipmip atres nagnauek nad naukubmep naigab naktabilem

tubesret rudesorp aynsuraheS .nretni askiremep iagabes naahasurep

isgnuf naktabilem - isgnuf itrepes gnanewreb gnay isgnuf ,nahiganep

anamid nretni naaskiremep isgnuf nad ,isnatnuka isgnuf ,sak isgnuf

f isnatnuka isgnu nakanaskalid ganep isgnuf irad hasipret nad nahi

f atres ,sak naamirenep isgnuf irad hasipret sak naamirenep isgnu

isnatnuka isgnuf .

.e isnatnukA metsiS rilA nagaB gnatuiP nasanuleP irad saK naamireneP

gniretaC iduB adap

nasanulep irad sak naamirenep isnatnuka metsis rila nagaB

.tukireb rabmag adap tahilid tapad gniretaC iduB adap gnatuip


601

nagnaueK nad naukubmeP naigaB

ilebmep kutnU

2.5 rabmaG adap gnatuiP nasanuleP irad saK naamireneP isnatnukA metsiS rilA nagaB

gniretaC iduB

ialuM

halmuj gnutihgneM ukub adap gnatuip

nanasep

nakukaleMnahiganep

amireneMgnatuip narayabmep

taubmeMisnatiuk

isnatiuK

nakhububmeM adap ”sanul“ nasilut

nanasep ukub

nanasep ukuB

sak ukuB

T

iaseleS

nanasep ukuB

ukuBnanasep

1

1

nanasep ukuB


701

isaulave nakrasadreB naklupmisid tapad ,sak naamirenep metsis adap

iduB adap sak naamirenep isnatnuka metsis nahurulesek araces awhab

sak naamirenep malad isgnuf aparebeB .iroet nagned iauses muleb gniretaC

utas helo nakanaskalid hisam hasipret araces naknalajid surah gnay gnaro

.amas gnay em tubesret laH nun t tu malad tabilret kaynab hibel kutnu kilimep

.lanretni nakecegnep iulalem naahasurep nakanugid gnay nemukod ,uti nialeS

iauses muleb aguj gniretaC iduB adap sak naamirenep isnatnuka metsis malad

ukod kaynaB .iroet nagned nakparetid kadit iroet nagned iauses gnay nem

aton itrepes ada hadus gnay nemukod ,naikimed nupikseM .naahasurep adap

nemukod kutnu nahutubek ihunemem hadus isnatiuk nad nalaujnep

.gniretaC iduB adap isidnok nagned iauses gnay sak naamirenep

d gnay natataC isireb gnay sak ukub utiay anahredes tagnas hisam taubi

isireb gnay nalaujnep isalutipaker atres ,raulek sak nad kusam sak gnatnet

nakanuggnem aynah gnay natatac nagneD .naahasurep nalaujnep latot gnatnet

tnu natatacnep nahasimep ada muleb itrareb sak ukub nad sak naamirenep ku

.sak naraulegnep

irad kusam gnay natapadnep tahilem tapad hadus kilimep nupualaW

araces tatacid sak naamirenep akij kiab hibel naka ,nalaujnep isalutipaker

natatacnep nahasimep nagned aggniheS .sak naraulegnep irad hasipret

tubesret gnatnet salej hibel gnay isamrofni nakirebmem naka nakparahid ,

nakukalem kutnu nakhadumem atres sak naraulegnep nad sak naamirenep

gnay nawayrak helo nakukalid gnay natatacnep naranebek naka nakecegnep

.natukgnasreb


801

uka metsis malad tiakret gnay rudesorP gnay sak naamirenep isnatn

,nagnauek nad naukubmep naigab naktabilem gniretaC iduB adap nalajreb

helo nakukalid gnay nretni naaskiremep naigab atres ,namirignep naigab

anerak ,netsisnok araces inagnatid muleb tubesret rudesorP .kilimep

tapad sak naamirenep taas adap namirignep naigab iulalem nakanaskalid

nad naukubmep naigab iulalem uata nasemep ek nanasep nakhareynem

nakukalem kutnu rotnak ek gnusgnal gnatad nasemep akij nagnauek

.narayabmep

.B isnatnuka metsis hakapa utiay audek halasam bawajnem kutnU

legnep .iroet nagned iauses hadus gniretaC iduB adap sak narau

.1 saK naraulegneP isnatnukA metsiS ispirkseD

naukubmep naigab nagned gnusgnal nagnubuhreb sak naraulegneP

gnau nakanuggnem nagned nakanaskalid sak naraulegneP .nagnauek nad

nakirebid halet gnay ianut nad naukubmep naigab adapek nanipmip

naarikrep gnutihgnem naka nagnauek nad naukubmep naigaB .nagnauek

naigab taas adap uti anerak helo ,.nakukalid naka gnay naraulegnep halmuj

halmuj ,nanipmip adapek ianut sak atnimem nagnauek nad naukubmep

b atnimid gnay .nakukalid naka gnay naraulegnep nagned iauses isautkulfre

naamirenep nakhareynem nagnauek nad naukubmep naigab taas adaP

sak atnimem naka nagnauek nad naukubmep naigab ,nanipmip adapek sak

kutnu naraulegnep isalutipaker nakropalem atres ayntukireb naraulegnep

itkub nagned iatresid nakukalid halet gnay sak - naraulegnep iskasnart itkub

.sak


901

.2 d tiakreT gnay isgnuF atnukA metsiS mala eP isn saK naraulegn nagned

liceK saK anaD metsiS nakanuggneM

.a aK isgnuF .s

nakatnimem ,kec isignem malad bawaj gnuggnatreb ini isgnuF

kec nakhareynem nad ,kec sata isasiroto ek sak anad gnagemep adap

naisignep taas adap nad licek sak anad nakutnebmep taas adap licek

.licek sak anad ilabmek

niretaC iduB adap ada gnay sak isgnuF malad bawaj gnuggnatreb g

iakapid naka aynitnan gnay nanipmip adapek ianut gnau atnimem

naraulegnep nagned natiakreb gnay narayabmep nakukalem kutnu

.naahasurep

.b .isnatnukA isgnuF

nad naukubmep naigab helo nakanaskalid ini isnatnuka isgnuF

em utiay nagnauek naraulegnep tatacn - nakukalid gnay naraulegnep

gniretaC iduB adap ada gnay isnatnuka isgnuF .naahasurep helo

.sak isgnuf iagabes pakgnarem

.c liceK saK anaD gnagemeP isgnuF

naigab helo gnagepid aguj licek sak anad gnagemep isgnuF

utiay ,nagnauek nad naukubmep kutnu sak halmujes napmiynem

naraulegnep iayaibmem - isgnuf aggniheS .naahasurep naraulegnep

nad sak isgnuf iagabes pakgnarem aguj licek sak anad gnagemep

.isnatnuka isgnuf


011

.d T narayabmeP nakulremeM gnay isgnuF ianu

narayabmep nakulremem gnay halada ini isgnuF .ianut naigaB

naigab utiay gniretaC iduB malad ianut narayabmep nakulremem gnay

naigab nad ,naajnalebmep naigab ,nagnauek nad naukubmep

.namirignep

.e I askiremeP isgnuF nretn

metsis malaD anad sak licek sata bawaj gnuggnatreb ini isgnuf ,

ak anad nagnutihgnep ( licek s tnuoc hsac nad kidoirep araces )

aguj ini isgnuF .sak natatac nagned aynnagnutihgnep lisah nakococnep

( kadadnem araces naaskiremep sata bawaj gnuggnatreb desirprus

tidua id ada gnay licek sak anad odlas padahret ) gnagemep nagnat

nuF .licek sak anad .naahasurep nanipmip helo nakukalid tubesret isg

isgnuf sakgnir araceS - sak naraulegnep malad tiakret gnay isgnuf

licek sak anad metsis nagned .ini tukireb lebat malad nakijasid tapad


111

8.5 lebaT isgnuF - y isgnuF tiakreT gna d tsiS mala isnatnukA me naraulegneP

liceK saK anaD metsiS nagned saK iroeT kitkarP


adA kadiTada

sak isgnuF √ gnuggnatreb gniretaC iduB id sak isgnuF adapek ianut gnau atnimem malad bawaj kutnu nakanugid gnay kilimep ini sak isgnuF .sak naraulegnep nad naukubmep naigab helo nakanaskalid

.nagnauek isnatnukA isgnuF √ naigab helo nakanaskalid isnatnuka isgnuF

tatacnem utiay nagnauek nad nakubmep .sak naraulegnep

gnagemeP isgnuFliceK saK anaD

√ licek sak anad gnagemep isgnuF helo nakanaskalid nad naukubmep naigab

,isnatnuka isgnuf ,sak isgnuF .nagnauek licek sak anad gnagemep isgnuf nad

.amas gnay nawayrak helo nakanaskalid gnay isgnuF

nakulremeMT narayabmeP ianu

√ rayabmep nakulremem gnaY na ianut ,nagnauek nad naukubmep naigab halada naigab nad ,naajnalebmep naigab

.namirignep askiremeP isgnuF

nretnI √ .nanipmip helo nakukalid nakecegneP

isgnuf awhab naklupmisid tapad ,sata id nasalejnep nakrasadreB -

metsis malad tiakret gnay isgnuf iduB adap sak naraulegnep isnatnuka

isgnuf nupualaW .iroet nagned iauses muleb gniretaC - ada gnay isgnuf

iduB adap ada gnay sak isgnuf ipatet ,nakparetid hadus iroet adap

sak isgnuf nagned adebreb gnay bawajgnuggnat naknalajnem gniretaC

iroet adap ada gnay naahasurep adap aynnaataynek adap aneraK .

licek sak anad nakutnebmep malad kec nakanuggnem kadit tubesret

adap nakgnadeS .licek sak anad ilabmek naisignep taas adap nupuata

kec padahret bawajgnuggnatreb sak isgnuf awhab naktubesid iroet


211

nakutnebmep malad naisignep taas adap nupuata licek sak anad

isgnuF .licek sak anad ilabmek - anad metsis malad tiakret gnay isgnuf

iduB adap ipatet ,hasipret araces nakanaskalid iroet adap licek sak

sak anad gnagemep isgnuf nad ,isnatnuka isgnuf ,sak isgnuf gniretaC

m licek .amas gnay nawayrak helo nakanaskalid hisa

.3 nemukoD malad nakanugiD gnay isnatnukA metsiS saK naraulegneP

liceK anaD metsiS nagned

.a raulek sak itkuB

isgnuf irad sak naraulegnep hatnirep iagabes isgnufreb ini nemukoD

t gnay rasebes sak isgnuf adapek isnatnuka nemukod malad mutnacre

.tubesret isnatnuka isgnuf nad sak isgnuf gniretaC iduB malad iD

itkub nakanuggnem kadit aggnihes ,ajas gnaro utas helo nakanaskalid

.raulek sak

.b liceK saK naraulegneP naatnimreP

anad iakamep helo nakanugid ini nenrukoD atnimem kutnu licek sak

.licek sak anad gnagemep ek gnau kadit ini nemukod ipatet nakA

sak iakamep gniretaC iduB malad iD .gniretaC iduB helo nakanugid

apnat nagnauek nad naukubmep naigab adapek gnau atnimem tapad

.ini nemukod

.c liceK saK naraulegneP itkuB

kutnu licek sak anad iakamep helo taubid ini nemukoD

.licek sak anad naiakamep nakbawajgnuggnatrepmem iduB adaP

itkub iakamem kadit sak nakanuggnem gnay naigab paites gniretaC


311

sak anad naiakamep nakbawajgnuggnatrepmem malad sak naraulegnep

akereM .licek gnay sak naraulegnep iskasnart itkub nakhareynem aynah

.nailebmep aton itrepes aynnakukalid

.d .liceK saK ilabmeK naisigneP naatnimreP

atnimem kutnu licek sak anad gnagemep helo taubid ini nemukoD

gnep anug raulek sak itkub naktaubid raga gnatu naigab adapek naisi

.licek sak anad ilabmek .ini nemukod nakanuggnem kadit gniretaC iduB

adapek ianut gnau atnimem gnusgnal nagnauek nad naukubmep naigaB

surah gnay naraulegnep halmuj naarikrep nagned iauses nipmimep

.nakrayabid

p ada gnay sak naraulegnep malad nemukoD ada gnay nad iroet ada

.tukireb lebat adap tahilid tapad gniretaC iduB adap


411

9.5 lebaT gnay nemukoD D nakanugi u kutn P naraulegne metsiS nagned saKliceK saK anaD

iroeT kitkarPnaahasureP

nagnareteK

adA kadiT adA

raulek sak itkuB √ ini nemukoD id nakanugid kadit nad sak isgnuF .gniretaC iduB malad helo nakanaskalid isnatnuka isgnuf

.amas gnay nawayrak naatnimreP

sak naraulegneplicek

√ .gniretaC iduB id nakparetid kadiT ek gnau atnimem tapad sak iakameP nagnauek nad naukubmep naigab

apnat naatnimrep nakanuggnem.licek sak naraulegnep

naraulegnep itkuBlicek sak

√ gniretaC iduB adap sak naraulegneP itkub nakanuggnem nakitkubid

.sak naraulegnep iskasnart naatnimreP

ilabmek nasisigneplicek sak

√ .gniretaC iduB id nakparetid kadiT nad naukubmep naigab irah paiteS adapek gnau atnimem nagnauek nagned iauses naahasurep nanipmip gnay nahutubek halmuj naarikrep

.rayabid surah

iauses gnay sak naraulegnep nemukoD nagned gnay ada kadit iroet

nakparetid .gniretaC iduB adap halada nakanugid gnay nemukoD

adapek nakujaid naka gnay sak naraulegnep naarikrep nagnutihrep

n itrepes sak naraulegnep iskasnart itkub nemukod nad nanipmip ato -

.sak naraulegnep nagned nagnubuhreb gnay aton nasalejnep iraD

apad tubesret malad nakanugid gnay nemukod awhab naklupmisid t

nagned iauses muleb gniretaC iduB adap sak naraulegnep iskasnart

.iroet

gnay iroet nagned iauses gnay nemukod ada kadit nupualaW

itkub ipatet ,gniretaC iduB helo nakparetid - sak naraulegnep itkub


511

on itrepes at - kutnu pukuc hadus sak naraulegnep iskasnart aton

metsis malad nakanugid gnay nemukod nahutubek ihunemem

iduB adap licek sak anad metsis nakanuggnem nagned sak naraulegnep

.gniretaC

.4 saK naraulegneP malad nakanugiD gnay natataC saK anaD metsiS nagned

iceK l

.a ( saK naraulegneP lanruJ lanruoJ tnemesrubsiD hsaC .)

kutnu nakanugid ini isnatnuka natatac ,licek sak anad metsis malaD

malad nad licek anad nakutnebmep malad sak naraulegnep tatacnem

ep kadit gniretaC iduB adaP .licek sak anad ilabmek naisign

nakanuggnem .sak ukub nakanuggnem ipatet sak naraulegnep lanruj

.b ( keC retsigeR retsigeR kcehC )

ka natatac ,licek sak anad metsis malaD kutnu nakanugid ini isnatnu

nem nad nakutnebmep kutnu nakraulekid gnay naahasurep kec tatac

licek sak anad ilabmek naisignep dap aneraK . kadit gniretaC iduB a

.kec retsiger ada kadit akam ,kec nakanuggnem

.c .liceK saK anaD naraulegneP lanruJ

nakulrepid licek sak anad naraulegnep iskasnart tatacnem kutnU

isubirtsid tala iagabes isgnufreb sugilakes ini lanruJ .susuhk lanruj

mit gnay natibednep .licek sak anad naraulegnep tabika iagabes lub iduB

nagnauek nad naukubmep naigab ,ini lanruj taubmem kadit gniretaC

.sak naraulegnep tatacnem kutnu sak ukub nakanuggnem


611

gnay isnatnuka natatac nagnidnabrep halada ini tukireb lebaT

aratna licek sak anad metsis nagned sak naraulegnep malad nakanugid

.gniretaC iduB adap ada gnay nagned iroet

5 lebaT 01. y natataC akanugiD gna isnatnukA metsiS malad n eP saK naraulegn

nagned liceK saK anaD metsiS iroeT kitkarP


adA kadiTada

naraulegneP lanruJsaK

√ kadit gniretaC iduB iD naraulegnep lanruj nakanuggnem

.sak ukub nakanuggnem ipatet ,sak kec retsigeR √ iduB id naadaek nagned iauses kadiT

gniretaC nakanuggnem kadit anerak kec retsiger ada kadit akam kec nakanugid gnay kec tatacnem kutnu

.naahasurep naraulegnep lanruJ

liceK saK √ naraulegnep gniretaC iduB adaP

.sak ukub malad tatacid sak

malad nakanugid gnay natatac aratna nakgnidnabmem lisah iraD

nagned iroet adap ada gnay licek sak anad metsis nagned sak naraulegnep

tapad naahasurep sak naraulegnep malad nakanugid gnay natatac

tsis malad tiakret gnay isnatnuka natatac awhab nnaklupmisid isnatnuka me

.iroet nagned iauses muleb gniretaC iduB adap ada gnay sak naraulegnep

iduB id anerak naahasurep id nakparetid tapad kadit kec retsigeR

nakanuggnem kadit aguj naahasureP .kec nakanuggnem kadit gniretaC

k tatacnem kutnU .sak naraulegnep lanruj nanipmip irad amiretid gnay sa

,licek sak ilabmek naisignep nupuata nakutnebmep iagabes naahasurep

.sak ukub nakanuggnem aynah nagnauek nad naukubmep naigab


711

naisignep kutnu nupuata nakutnebmep kutnu sak naamirenep aynsuraheS

races tatacid licek sak ilabmek nupuata sak naamirenep irad hasipret a

naraulegnep lanruj nakanuggnem kadit aguj naahasureP .sak naraulegnep

naahasurep sak naraulegnep iskasnart tatacnem kutnu anerak ,licek sak

.sak ukub nakanuggnem aynah

.5 rudesorP liceK saK anaD metsiS malaD

.a eP rudesorP liceK saK anaD nakutnebm

kadit gniretaC iduB ,licek sak anad nakutnebmep taas adaP

nanipmip irad ianut gnau amirenem naknialem ,kec nakanuggnem

.sak naraulegnep kutnu nakhutubid gnay halmuj nagned iauses

anad nakutnebmep rudesorP naigab helo nakanaskalid licek sak

.nagnauek nad naukubmep

gnay licek sak anad nakutnebmep rudesorp nakgnidnabmem kutnU

lebat nakanuggnem tapad iroet nagned gniretaC iduB adap ada

.tukireb


811

5 lebaT 11. liceK saK anaD nakutnebmeP rudesorP

iroeT kitkarP naahasureP

)1 tatacnem gnatu naigaB licek sak anad nakutnebmep sak itkub retsiger malad

.raulek )2 nakhareynem gnatu naigaB

gnay raulek sak itkub tarus nagned iripmalid anad nakutnebmep nasutupek

.asak naigab ek licek sak )3 kec taubmem asak naigaB

aman sata adnat atnimem nad kec sata isasiroto nagnat

.raulek sak itkub nakrasadreb )4 nakhareynem asak naigaB

anad gnagemep adapek kec raulek sak itkub nad licek sak naigab adapek nakharesid pac ihububid haletes lanruj

.asak naigab helo sanul )5 tatacnem lanruj naigaB

malad ek sak naraulegnep.kec retsiger

)1 nad naukubmep naigaB gnutihgnem nagnauek gnay sak latot naarikrep

.nakhutubid )2 nad naukubmep naigaB

naarikrep tatacnem nagnaueksak naraulegnep

)3 nad naukubmep naigaB atnimem nagnauek irad sak naraulegnep

adreb nanipmip nakras naarikrep nagnutihrep

sak naraulegnep )4 nad naukubmep naigaB

irad sak amirenem nagnaueknanipmip

)5 nad naukubmep naigaB tatacnem nagnauek irad sak naamirenep

sak ukub malad ek nanipmip )6 nad naukubmep naigaB

sak napmiynem nagnauek.nanapmiynep katok malad

nakutnebmep rudesorp awhab tahilid tapad tubesret lebat iraD

akiJ .iroet nagned iauses muleb gniretaC iduB adap licek sak anad

naktabilem aynsurahes tubesret rudesorp malad ,iroet nakrasadreb

.naahasurep malad naigab aparebeb gniretaC iduB adap ipateT

naigab helo nakanaskalid aynah licek sak anad nakutnebmep rudesorp

naigab utiay sak isgnuf aynsuraheS .nagnauek nad naukubmep

utiay isnatnuka isgnuf irad hasipret araces nakanaskalid nagnauek


911

c ,uti nialeS .naukubmep naigab natata rudesorp malad nakanugid gnay

.sak ukub nakanuggnem halada licek sak anad nakutnebmep

uraheS s .hasipret araces tatacid licek sak naamirenep ayn

.b rila nagaB gniretaC iduB adap licek sak anad nakutnebmep rudesorp

rila nagaB k sak anad nakutnebmep rudesorp iduB adap lice

.ini tukireb rabmag adap tahilid tapad gniretaC


021


malad napmisiD nanapmiynep katok

3.5 rabmaG

esorP rilA nagaB p liceK saK anaD nakutnebmeP rud gniretaC iduB ada

ialuM

naarikrep gnutihgmeM sak naraulegnep

irad sak naraulegnep atnimeM naarikrep rasadreb nanipmip

sak naraulegnep

sak amireneMnanipmip irad

tatacneMsak naamirenep

tatacneMnaarikrep

sak naraulegnep

nagnutihreP

naarikrepsak naraulegnep

1

1

nagnutihreP naarikrep

sak naraulegnep


sak naraulegnep

sak ukuB

T

napmiyneMsak

iaseleS


121

.c saK naraulegneP nabawajgnuggnatreP nad naatnimreP rudesorP liceK

,licek sak naraulegnep nabawajgnuggnatrep nad rudesorp malaD

adapek ianut gnau nakhareynem nagnauek nad naukubmep naigab

,sak naraulegnep nakukalem haleteS .sak nakhutubmem gnay naigab

iskasnart itkub nakhareynem sak nakanuggnem gnay naigab

raulegnep nad naukubmep naigab adapek aynnakukalid gnay sak na

tatacnem nagnauek nad naukubmep naigab naidumeK .nagnauek

.sak ukub malad tubesret naraulegnep

sak naraulegnep nabawajgnuggnatrep nad naatnimrep rudesorP

lebat adap tahilid tapad gniretaC iduB adap licek .tukireb


1 22

21.5 lebaT rudesorP saK naraulegneP nabawajgnuggnatreP nad naatnimreP

liceK iroeT naahasureP kitkarP

)1 anad gnagemeP licek sak ianut gnau nakhareynem licek sak anad iakamep adapek nagned iripmalid gnay anad naraulegnep naatnimrep

ek rabmel licek sak - .2 )2 licek sak anad gnagemeP

itkub nakhareynem licek sak anad naraulegnep nemukod atreseb naigab ek ayngnukudnep

.lanruj )3 gaB tatacnem lanruj nai

id licek sak anad naraulegnep anad naraulegnep lanruj malad itkub nakrasadreb licek sak

.sak naraulegnep )4 nakhareynem lanruj naigaB

ek licek sak naraulegnep itkub.ayaib utrak naigab

)5 tatacnem ayaib utrak naigaB nakraulekid gnay naicnir irad

utrak malad licek sak anad itkub nakrasadreb ayaib

.licek sak anad naraulegnep

)1 licek sak anad gnagemeP adapek gnau nakhareynem

.licek sak anad iakamep )2 nakukalem sak iakameP

.sak naraulegnep )3 naklupmugnem sak iakameP

naraulegnep iskasnart itkubsak

)4 nakhareynem sak iakameP naraulegnep iskasnart itkub naigab adapek sak

.nagnauek nad naukubmep )5 nad naukubmep naigaB

itkub askiremem nagnauek sak naraulegnep iskasnart kutneb iagabes irad nabawajgnuggnatrep

.sak iakamep )6 nad naukubmep naigaB

atacnem nagnauek t ek tubesret naraulegnep nakrasadreb sak ukub malad naraulegnep iskasnart itkub

.sak

naraulegnep nabawajgnuggnatrep nad naatnimrep rudesorp malaD

gnay nemukod nakanuggnem kadit gniretaC iduB ,licek sak anad

emukod nakanuggnem ipatet ,iroet nagned iauses iskasnart itkub n

ukub malad ek natatacnep rasad iagabes iakapid gnay sak naraulegnep

hisam isnatnuka isgnuf nad licek sak anad gnagemep isgnuF .sak


321

rudesorp uti anerak helO .amas gnay gnaro helo nakanaskalid

d naraulegnep nabawajgnuggnatrep nad naatnimrep adap licek sak ana

.iroet nagned iauses muleb gniretaC iduB

.d naraulegnep nabawajgnuggnatrep nad naatnimrep rudesorp rila nagaB

gniretaC iduB adap licek sak anad

nabawajgnuggnatrep nad naatnimrep rudesorp rila nagaB

anad naraulegnep adap tahilid tapad gniretaC iduB adap licek sak

.tukireb rabmag


421

saK iakameP nagnaueK nad naukubmeP naigaB

sraid iapmas nakpi licek sak ilabmek naisignep taas

4.5 rabmaG nagaB d naatnimreP rudesorP rilA awajgnuggnatreP na nab

gniretaC iduB adap liceK saK anaD naraulegneP

ialuM

adapek gnau atnimeM nad naukubmep naigab

nagnauek

nakukaleM naraulegnep

sak

naklupmugneM iskasnart itkubsak naraulegnep

iskasnart itkuB naraulegnep

sak

1

1


sak

askiremeM nabawajgnuggnatrep

sak naiakamep


sak

sak ukuB

T

iaseleS


521

.e liceK saK anaD ilabmeK naisigneP rudesorP

gniretaC iduB adap licek sak anad ilabmek naisignep rudesorP

licek sak anad ilabmek naisignep taas adaP .iroet nagned adebreb

nad naukubmep naigab ipatet ,kec nakanuggnem kadit naahasurep

nakrasadreb nanipmip irad gnusgnal ianut gnau amirenem nagnauek

rep .naraulegnep halmuj naarik

licek sak anad ilabmek naisignep rudesorp ,salej hibel ayapuS

.tukireb lebat adap tahilid tapad


621

31.5 lebaT rudesorP liceK saK anaD ilabmeK naisigneP

iroeT naahasureP kitkarP )1 anad gnagemeP licek sak

naatnimrep taubmem sak anad ilabmek naisignep adapek nakharesid gnay licek iripmalid apnat gnatu naigab

.gnukudnep nemukod )2 itkub taubmem gnatu naigaB

halmuj rasebes raulek sak nakmutnacid gnay haipur naisignep naatnimrep malad

.licek sak ilabmek aynraseB gnutnagret atnimid gnay sak nahutubek halmuj nagned

rayabid naka gnay )3 itkub tatacnem gnatu naigaB

itkub retsiger malad raulek sak.raulek sak

)4 nakhareynem gnatu naigaBek rabmel raulek sak itkub - 2

ayaib utrak naigab adapek )5 nem ayaib utrak naigaB tatac

utrak malad ek ayaib naicnir.ayaib

)6 nakhareynem gnatu naigaB naigab ek raulek sak itkub

.asak )7 sata kec taubmem asak naigaB

adnat nakatnimem nad aman nad kec sata isasiroto nagnat

nakharesid gnagemep adapek sak itkuB .licek sak anad adapek nakharesid raulek ihububid haletes lanruj naigab

.asak naigab helo sanul pac )8 tatacnem lanruj naigaB

malad ek sak naraulegnep.kec retsiger

)1 nad naukubmep naigaB ukub nakropalem nagnauek

ned iatresid gnay sak nagaton - iskasnart aton

adapek sak naraulegnep.nahasurep nanipmip

)2 nad naukubmep naigaB isasiroto atnimem nagnauek

.sak ukub adap )3 nad naukubmep naigaB

gnutihgnem nagnauek.sak naraulegnep naarikrep

)4 nad naukubmep naigaB tatacnem nagnauek

rikrep nagnutihrep naa.sak naraulegnep

)5 nad naukubmep naigaB atnimem nagnauek irad sak naraulegnep nakrasadreb nanipmip naarikrep nagnutihrep

.sak naraulegnep )6 nad naukubmep naigaB

irad sak amirenem nagnauek.nanipmip

)7 nad naukubmep naigaB tatacnem nagnauek

irad sak naamirenep .nanipmip

)8 nad naukubmep naigaB sak napmiynem nagnauek

.nanapmiynep katok malad )9 nad naukubmep naigaB

ek ayntatacnem nagnauek.sak ukub malad


721

gniretaC iduB adap licek sak anad ilabmek naisignep rudesorP

muleb .iroet nagned iauses isgnuF - apadret gnay isgnuf rudesorp adap t

helo nakanaskalid licek sak anad ilabmek naisignep gnaro utas

da muleb aggnihes amas gnay nawayrak araces isgnuf nahasimep a

natataC .isnatnuka isgnuf iagabes pakgnarem sak isgnuf anamid saget

ilabmek naisignep rudesorp malad nakanugid gnay licek sak anad

tatacid licek sak naamirenep aynsuraheS .sak ukub nakanuggnem

.hasipret araces

.f rilA nagaB iduB adaP liceK saK anaD ilabmeK naisigneP rudesorP

gniretaC

rila nagaB adap licek sak anad ilabmek naisignep malad rudesorp

gniretaC iduB .tukireb rabmag adap tahilid tapad


821


helo isasirotoiD kilimep

malad napmisid katok nanapmiynep

5.5 rabmaG duB adap liceK saK anaD ilabmeK naisigneP rudesorP rilA nagaB gniretaC i

ialuM

isalutipaker nakropaleM nagned sak naraulegnep

iskasnart itkub iatresidsak naraulegnep

itkuB iskasnart naraulegnep

sak

sak ukuB

atnimeM

sata isasiroto natatacnep naraulegnepsak ukub adap

gnutihgneM naarikrep

naraulegnep sak

tatacneM

naarikrep naraulegnep

sak

iskasnart itkuB

naraulegnepsak

nagnutihreP


T

1

1


sak naraulegnep

atnimem naraulegnep nanipmep irad sak naarikrep rasadreb

sak naraulegnep

amireneM irad saknanipmip

tatacneM

naamirenepsak

napmiyneM

sak

nagnutihreP


sak ukuB

T

iaseleS


921

nagned sak naraulegnep isnatnuka metsis nahurulesek araceS

muleb gniretaC iduB adap tapadret gnay licek sak anad metsis nakanuggnem

isgnuf irad tahilid tapad tubesret laH .iroet nagned iauses - tiakret gnay isgnuf

agned sak naraulegnep isnatnuka metsis malad utiay licek sak anad metsis n

hisam licek sak anad gnagemep isgnuf nad ,isnatnuka isgnuf ,sak isgnuf

aguj nakanugid gnay nemukod uti nialeS .amas gnay gnaro helo nakanaskalid

naraulegnep kutnu iakapid gnay nemukoD .iroet nagned iauses gnay ada kadit

p sak itkub halada gniretaC iduB ada - araceS .sak naraulegnep iskasnart itkub

rudesorp nahurulesek - gniretaC iduB adap licek sak anad metsis malad rudesorp

nakanaskalid kaynab hibel gnay ,iroet nagned nakgnidnabid anahredes hibel

agnauek nad naukubmep naigab helo .n

,naahasurep adap nalajreb halet gnay sak naraulegnep metsis nagneD

pukuc gnay nasalejnep nakirebmem kadit naklisahid gnay nagnauek naropal

nakbabesid tubesret laH .sak naraulegnep irusulenem kutnu kilimep igab

ad id tatacid aynah sak naraulegnep anerak utas idajnem gnay sak ukub mal

gnay nagnauek nad naukubmep naigab uti nialeS .sak naamirenep nagned

gnay nawayrak helo nakukalid isnatnuka isgnuf nad sak isgnuf nakapurem

kilimep aggnihes ,amas natilusek aynada nanikgnumek isketednem kutnu

gnay nagnarucek .natukgnasreb gnay nawayrak helo nakukalid


031

IV BAB

PUTUNEP

nalupmiseK .A

.1 sak naamirenep isnatnuka metsis padahret isaulave lisaH iduB adap

iduB adap sak naamirenep isnatnuka metsis awhab nakkujnunem gniretaC

sret laH .iroet nagned iauses muleb gniretaC :irad tahilid tapad tube

.a isgnuf nupualaW - isgnuf gnay malad tiakret metsis isnatnuka

malad ipatet ,gniretaC iduB adap nakparetid halet sak naamirenep

.saget araces isgnuf nahasimep ada muleb aynnaanaskalep

.b naamirenep malad tiakret gnay isnatnuka nemukoD ada gnay sak

.isnatiuk nad nalaujnep aton halada naahasurep adap gnay nemukoD

.gniretaC iduB adap nakparetid kadit iroet nagned iauses

.c helo nakanugid gnay sak naamirenep isnatnuka natataC iduB

,sak ukub utiay gniretaC nalaujnep isalutipaker natatac nad , raulek

natalarep aynkusam . gnay ada kadit iroet nagned iauses gnay natataC

.gniretaC iduB adap nakparetid

.d helo nakanaskalid gnay ada hisam nalajreb halet gnay rudesorP

tabilret gnay namirignep isgnuf itrepes ,gnanewreb kadit gnay isgnuf

ep rudesorp maladid .sak naamiren rudesorp taubmem tubesret laH

.netsisnok kadit idajnem nalajreb gnay


131

.2 nep isnatnuka metsis padahret isaulave lisaH narauleg sak iduB adap

: gniretaC

gniretaC iduB adap tapadret gnay sak naraulegnep isnatnuka metsiS

.iroet nagned iauses muleb sak naraulegnep metsis naanaskalep malaD

bawajgnuggnat nahasimep ada muleb licek sak anad metsis nagned

iagabes pakgnarem gniretaC iduB adap sak isgnuF .saget araces lanoisgnuf

nemukoD .isnatnuka isgnuf iagabes nad licek sak anad gnagemep isgnuf

kret gnay kadit iroet nagned iauses gnay licek sak anad metsis malad tia

kutnu gniretaC iduB helo nakanugid gnay nemukoD .nakparetid gnay ada

itkub halada sak naraulegnep - sak naraulegneP .sak naraulegnep itkub

urem aguj gnay sak ukub nakanuggnem nagned tatacid hisam tapmet nakap

naisignep nad nakutnebmep rudesorP .sak naamirenep kutnu natatacnep

nawayrak gnaroes helo nakanaskalid licek sak anad metsis malad ilabmek

.ajas nagnauek nad naukubmep naigab

.B naraS

.1 P isnatnukA metsiS saK naamirene

.a ep isnatnuka metsis malaD isgnuf nad sak isgnuf ,sak naamiren

aggnihes amas gnay gnaro utas helo nakanaskalid hisam isnatnuka

nakukalem kutnu nawayrak igab natapmesek akubmem tapad

iputunem kutnu isnatnuka natatac habugnem nagned nagnarucek

iabes akaM .aynnakukalid gnay nahamelek surah sak isgnuf aynk

kutnu naujut nagned isnatnuka isgnuf irad hasipret araces nakanaskalid


231

ep aynidajret hagecnem naanughalayn nawayrak helo sak gnay

natukgnasreb . gniretaC iduB adap ada gnay sak naamirenep uti nialeS

,namirignep naigab utiay namirignep isgnuf helo nakukalid tapad

sak isgnuf iulalem nakanaskalid aynah sak naamirenep aynkiabes

.nagnauek naigab utiay

.b sak naamirenep nemukoD taC iduB helo nakanugid gnay halada gnire

nakanuggnem kadit tubesret nemukoD .isnatiuk nad nalaujnep aton

aguj taubid gnay nemukoD .isasirotoid kadit nad katecret turu romon

tubesret laH .nasemep/ilebmep adap nakharesid nad rabmel utas aynah

natukgnasreb gnay nawayrak gnukudnem tapad kutnu

,uti lah hagecnem kutnU .nemukod naanuggnep nakanughalaynem

isnatiuk nad nalaujnep aton nakanuggnem naahasurep aynkiabes

isasirotoid aguj aynkiabes nemukoD .katecret turu romon nagned

gnay nemukod atreS .sak naamirenep taas adap ”sanuL“ pac nagned

d kutnu rabmel utas anamid ,rabmel agit kaynabes taubi

utas nad naukubmep naigab kutnu igal rabmel utas ,nasemep/ilebmep

gnay nemukod ada aggniheS .nagnauek naigab kutnu rihkaret rabmel

isalutipaker malad ek natatacnep rebmus iagabes nakanugid tapad

mirenep helo nakanaskalid aynkiabes nemukod nataubmeP .sak naa

.nagnauek naigab

.c gnay isnatnuka natataC nagned natiakreb iduB adap sak naamirenep

C raulek natatac nad sak ukub ,nalaujnep isalutipaker utiay gnireta

naamirenep aynkiabeS .gnadug id natalarep aynkusam tatacid sak


331

aratna natatacnep aggniheS .sak naamirenep isalutipaker malad

.hasipret araces nakaraggnelesid sak naraulegnep nad sak naamirenep

,sata id naksilutid halet gnay nemukod nataubmep naras nagneD

renep isalutipaker malad natatacnep awhab nakparahid sak naami

nad kiab nagned isasirotoret halet gnay nemukod sata nakrasadid

naigab irad hasipret gnay isnatnuka naigab helo nakukalid natatacnep

.nagnauek

.d isgnuf naktabilem hisam gniretaC iduB adap sak naamirenep rudesorP

tubesret isgnuf anamid namirignep irad narayabmep amirenem

nasemep/ilebmep taas adap sak isgnuf iulalem uata nasemep/ilebmep

nad naukubmep naigab nawayrak ek rayabmem nad rotnak ek gnatad

kadit idajnem sak naamirenep rudesorp taubmem ini laH .nagnauek

aynah narayabmep aynkiabeS .netsisnok .ajas nagnauek naigab iulalem

.e sak naamirenep isnatnuka metsis rila nagaB

.1 .ianut nalaujnep irad sak naamirenep isnatnuka metsis rila nagaB

ianut nalaujnep irad sak naamirenep isnatnuka metsis rila nagaB

tukireb iagabes halada naras nagned iauses gnay


431

nalaujneP naigaB nagnaueK naigaB uneM taubmeP nad

ilebmeP kutnU

1.6 rabmaG

iS rilA nagaB d saK naamireneP isnatnukA mets ianuT nalaujneP ira

ialuM

amireneM irad redro

ilebmep

ukub isigneMnanasep

6

5

4

3

2

1 unem ratfaD

ukuBnanaseP

1 2

T

5

6

7

8

1

ukuBnanaseP

2 unem ratfaD

ukub nakkococneM 1 rabmel nanasep

unem ratfad nagned2 rabmel

aton taubmeM nalaujnep

3

2

nalaujnep atoN 1

3

3

ukuBnanasep

amireneM irad narayabmepnamirignep naigab

nakhububmeM ukub adap ”sanul“pac

nanasep

ukuBnanasep

4

9

2 4

3

bmeM nakhubu ”sanul“pac rabmel nalaujnep aton adap

,1 3nad 2

p atoN 2 nalaujne

3

2

p atoN 1 nalaujne

T

T

11

01

p atoN 1 nalaujne

ukuBnanasep


531

naigaB naigaB naigaB naajnalebmeP iskudorP gnaduG

naigab iraD naajnalebmep

iskudorp naigab eK

namirignep naigab eK namirignep naigab eK

.6 rabmaG 1 iS rilA nagaB d saK naamireneP isnatnukA mets ianuT nalaujneP ira

)natujnal(

5

nahab ajnaleB ratfad rasadreb 3 rabmel unem

nakhareyneM naigab ek nahab

iskudorp

3 unem ratfaD

T

7

6

unem ratfaD 4

nahab tsilkecneM ratfad nagned

4 rabmel unem

kasameMunem iauses

nakhareyneM naigab ek nakasam

namirignep

T

5 unem ratfaD

nakpaiyneM iauses tala

unem

tala tatacneMraulek gnay

nakhareyneM naigab ek tala

namirignep

natataC raulek

aynkusamnatalarep

T


631

namirigneP naigaB naukubmeP naigaB raD naigab i naigab iraD

iskudorP gnaduG

amasreb nakharesiD ilebmep aiv ,nanaseP

.6 rabmaG 1 iS rilA nagaB ianuT nalaujneP irad saK naamireneP isnatnukA mets

)natujnal(

8 9

ratfaD 6 unem 1 nalaujnep atoN

unem ratfad tsilkecnem aton nagned 6 rabmel

,nakasam ,1 rabmel nalaujneptala nad

nakhareyneM ek nanasep

nasemep/ilebmep

1 nalaujnep atoN

6 unem ratfaD

T

11

2 nalaujnep atoN

isalutipakeR naamirenep

sak

T

iaseleS

01

isalutipakeRnalaujnep


731

.2 irad sak naamirenep metsis rila nagaB gnatuip nasanulep

gnay gnatuip nasanulep irad sak naamirenep metsis rila nagaB

.tukireb rabmag adap tahilid tapad naras adap itrepes

nagnaueK naigaB naukubmeP naigaB

ilebmeP kutnU

.6 rabmaG 2

irad saK naamireneP metsiS rilA nagaB gnatuiP nasanuleP

ialuM

halmuj gnutihgneM ukub adap gnatuip

nanasep

nakukaleM nahiganep

amireneM narayabmep

gnatuip

taubmeMisnatiuk

3 2

1 isnatiuK

ukuBnanasep

1

3

2

1 isnatiuK

ukuBnanasep

”sanul“ pac nakirebmeM ,nanasep ukub adap

,2,1 rabmel isnatiuk 3 nad

3

2

1 isnatiuK

ukuB

nanasep

T

T

2

2

2 isnatiuK

isalutipakeR naamireneP

sak

T

iaseleS

ukuBnanasep

isalutipakeRnalaujnep

1


831

.2 gniretaC iduB adap saK naraulegneP isnatnukA metsiS

gniretaC iduB adap sak naraulegnep isnatnuka metsis aynkiabeS

isnatnuka metsis aneraK .isautkulfreb odlas metsis nakanuggnem

pirim gniretaC iduB id nalajreb halet gnay sak naraulegnep metsis nagned

.isautkulfreb odlas

.a isgnuF - adap sak naraulegnep rudesorp. nakanaskalem gnay isgnuf

laH .ajas nawayrak utas helo nakanaskalid aynah gniretaC iduB

natukgnasreb gnay nawayrak igab gnaulep nakirebmem naka tubesret

k naanughalaynep nakukalem kutnu naahasurep aynkiabeS .sa

naigab nagned licek sak anad gnagemep naigab nakhasimem

.naukubmep

.b licek sak anad naraulegnep metsis malad nakanugid gnay nemukoD

naarikrep nagnutihrep nad sak naraulegnep ikasnart itkub utiay

taas adap aynkiabeS .sak naraulegnep gnau amirenem nagnauek naigab

iatresid tubesret naamirenep ,licek sak anad iagabes nanipmip irad sak

nemukod iagabes nakparetid tapad raulek sak itkuB .nemukod nagned

naigab adapek sak gnau nakhareynem naahasurep nanipmip taas adap

taas adap utiay nagnauek anad ilabmek naisignep nad nakutnebmep

.licek sak

.c adap sak naraulegnep isnatnuka metsis malad nakanugid gnay natataC

halada gniretaC iduB ukub sak nakhasimem kadit gnay natatacnep

aratna sak naamirenep iskasnart nagned legnep aynsuraheS .sak narau

mirenep naa sak nad naraulegnep sak .hasipret araces tatacid


931

.sak naraulegnep isalutipaker malad ek tatacid tapad sak naraulegneP

nad nakutnebmep kutnu kilimep irad amiretid gnay sak ,uti nialeS

anad ilabmek naisignep saK .sak ukub malad id tatacid aguj licek sak

sak anad ilabmek naisignep nad nakutnebmep kutnu amiretid gnay

tatacid tapad licek nagned naamirenep susuhk natatac nakanuggnem

.licek sak

.d p rila nagaB licek sak anad naakutnebmep rudesor

p rila nagaB licek sak anad naakutnebmep rudesor iauses gnay

.tukireb rabmag adap tahilid tapad naras nagned


041

nagnaueK naigaB naukubmeP naigaB

napmisiD malad

katok nanapmiynep

3.6 rabmaG liceK saK anaD naakutnebmeP rudesorP rilA nagaB

ialuM

naarikrep gnutihgmeM naraulegnep sak

itkub taubmeMraulek sak

2

sak naraulegnep atnimem rasadreb nanipmip iradsak naraulegnep naarikrep

1 raulek sak itkuB

2

1 raulek sak itkuB

T 1

1

1 raulek sak itkuB

naamirenep susuhk sak

licek

sak amireneMnanipmip irad

napmiyneMsak

T


141

.e naraulegnep nabawajgnuggnatrep nad naatnimrep rudesorp rila nagaB

anad licek sak

nabawajgnuggnatrep nad naatnimrep rudesorp rila nagaB

tapad naras nagned iauses halet gnay licek sak anad naraulegnep

.tukireb rabmag adap tahilid


241

sak iakameP nagnaueK naigaB naukubmeP naigaB

iapmas nakpisraiD ilabmek naisigneP licek saK

6 rabmaG 4. ulegneP nabawajgnuggnatreP naD naatnimreP rudesorP rilA nagaB nara

liceK saK anaD

ialuM


sak

adapek gnau atnimeM nad naukubmep naigab

nagnauek

nakukaleMsak naraulegnep

naklupmugneM iskasnart itlkubsak naraulegnep

1

1


sak

gnau nakhareyneMsak atnimep adapek

itkub taubmeMsak naraulegnep

pac nakhububmeM itkub adap ”sanul“

iskasnart sak naraulegnep

itkuBsak naraulegnep

nart itkuB iskas

naraulegnepsak

2

2

itkuBsak naraulegnep


sak

iaseleS

T

isalutipakeR naraulegnep

sak


341

.f licek sak anad ilabmek naisignep rudesorp rila nagaB

anad ilabmek naisignep rudesorp rila nagaB itrepes gnay licek sak

.tukireb rabmag adap tahilid tapad naras adap


441

nagnaueK naigaB naukubmePnaigaB

helo isasirotoiD kilimep

malad napmisid nanapmiynep katok

6 rabmaG 5. liceK saK anaD ilabmeK naisigneP rudesorP rilA nagaB

ialuM

isalutipaker nakropaleMnagned sak naraulegnep iatresid

sak naraulegnep iskasnart itkub


sak

isalutipakeR naraulegnep

sak

1

1

2

naamirenep susuhk sak

licek

T

iaseleS

isasiroto atnimeM isalutipaker sata

sak naraulegnep

gnutihgmeM naarikrep

sak naraulegnep

taubmeM sak itkub

raulek

2

1 raulek sak itkuB

1 raulek sak itkuB

naraulegnep atnimem nanipmep irad sak naarikrep rasadreb

sak naraulegnep

amireneM irad saknanipmip

napmiyneMsak

2

1 raulek sak itkuB

T

2

2

1 raulek sak itkuB


541

AKATSUP RATFAD

.0991.ikaZ ,nawdiraB edoteM nad rudesorP nanusuyneP isnatnukA metsiS .EFPB :atrakaygoY - MGU

.9991 .acsisnarF naamireneP isnatnukA metsiS nretnI nailadnegneP sativitkefE saK ianuT nalaujneP iraD . nakisakilbupiD kadiT ispirkS satisrevinU .

.atrakaygoY ,amrahD atanaS

8002 ,acsisnarF metsiS padahreT nretnI nailadnegneP metsiS isaulavE ..saK naraulegneP nad naamireneP isnatnukA kadiT ispirkS

nakisakilbupiD . rahD atanaS satisrevinU .atrakaygoY ,am

8002 .irdnaksiS ,paharaH .saK naraulegneP nad naamireneP isnatnukA metsiS . nakisakilbupiD ispirkS . .nadeM ,aratU aretamuS satisrevinU

.7891 ,otnanraH 1 isnatnukA metsiS atrakaygoY ,EFPB .amatreP isidE .

.9991 .otnayigoJ ,onotraH sisilanA natakedneP :isamrofnI metsiS niaseD nad

sinsiB isakilpA ketkarP nad iroeT rutkurtsreT idnA .audeK isidE .atrakaygoY,tesffO

.5002 .otnayigoJ ,onotraH natakedneP :isamrofnI metsiS niaseD nad sisilanA

sinsiB isakilpA ketkarP nad iroeT rutkurtsreT udeK isidE . idnA .aatrakaygoY,tesffO

.1002 .idayluM isnatnukA metsiS ,adaM hajaG satisrevinU .agiteK isidE .atrakaygoY

.8002 .gigeW ,ohorguN isnatnukA metsiS nagnacnareP nad isaulavEsaK naraulegneP . nakisakilbupiD kadiT ispirkS atanaS satisrevinU .

,amrahD .atrakaygoY

.7002 .ardneH ,ayajiwarP nalaujneP isnatnukA metsiS nagnacnareP nad sisilanA .ianuT nakisakilbupiD kadiT ispirkS . ,amrahD atanaS satisrevinU

.atrakaygoY

.0102 .isnatnukA idutS margorP ispirkS nasiluneP naudnaP atanaS satisrevinU .ygoY ,amrahD atraka

,enallipS .8002 .J semaJ sinsiB naitileneP igolodoteM nakateC .

.atrakaygoY ,amrahD atanaS satisrevinU.amatreP


641

.0002 .suropotsirhC ,rabuS metsiS malaD nretnI nailadnegneP sativitkefEsaK naraulegneP isnatnukA . nakisakilbupiD kadiT ispirkS isrevinU . sat .atrakaygoY ,amrahD atanaS

5002 .adI ,adisoR TP saK naraulegneP nad naamireneP isnatnukA metsiS.ispirkS .gnarameS aisenodnI narayaleP .gnarameS iregeN satisrevinU .


NARIPMAL


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