pertemuan 1 manajemen pelabuhan
TRANSCRIPT
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MT-404
MANAJEMEN OPERASI KEPELABUHAN
DAN ASDP
Hartati
Sekolah Log
medipak
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TUJUAN PERKULIAHAN:
Mahasiswa diharapkan mampu untuk memahami konsep dasarsistem pelabuhan, fasilitas pelabuhan, aspek-aspek perencanamanajemen pengoperasian, dan perawatan.
Mahasiswa diharapkan mampu menghitung terkait aspek peremanajemen pengoperasian dan perawatan pelabuhan dan faspelabuhan.
Mahasiswa diharapkan mampu untuk memahami sistem ASDP, k
pengembangan ASDP, manajemen ASDP, dan pola operasi ASD
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BUKU REFERENSI
1. Soedjono Kramadibrata, Perencanaan Pelabuhan, Penerbit ITB, 2002;
2. Bambang Triatmodjo, Perencanaan Pelabuhan, Beta Offset, Yogyakarta, 2
3. Nasution, M.N., Manajemen Transportasi, Ghalia Indonesia, 2008;
4. Lasse, D.A., Manajemen Muatan, Aktivitas Rantai Pasok di Area Pelabuhan
RajaGrafindo Persada, Jakarta, 2014;5. Lasse, D.A., Manajemen Peralatan, Aspek Operasional dan Perawatan,
RajaGrafindo Persada, Jakarta, 2012.
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PENILAIAN:
Tugas & Kuis (20%)
Ujian Tengah Semester (35%)
Ujian Akhir Semester (45%)
Kehadiran minimal 80%
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Contact me:
e-mail : [email protected]
HP : 081 321 954 680
by call, SMS, whatsapp, line
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PRE TEST
1. Sebutkan beberapa fasilitas pelabuhan laut yang Anda ketahui!
2. Sebutkan jenis-jenis kapal yang Anda ketahui!
3. Sebutkan 4 (empat) pelabuhan penyeberangan di Indonesia (2 asal-tujua
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SISTEM ANGKUTAN LAUT
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SARANA ANGKUTAN LAUT
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• Panjang• Lebar
• Kedalaman
Ukuran UtamaKapal
Kapasitas Angkut
Ukuran kapal dan kapasitas dapat dijelaskan dengan 2 (dua) cara yaitu: ukuatau kapasitas angkut. Masing-masing adalah sangat berbeda, tapi saling b
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UKURAN UTAMA KAPAL
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PANJANG KAPAL
• L (o.a), Length overall : Ukuran ekstrem panjang kapal, dihitung mulai dari tekstrem haluan sampai dengan titik ekstrem buritan kapal.
• L (p.p), Length between perpendiculars: Ukuran jarak, dihitung mulai titik ekdari designed load water line pada titik perpotongan haluan dan poros kem
• AP, After perpendicular : Garis tegak buritan letaknya pada tinggi kemudibelakang pada sumbu poros kemudi.
• FP, Fore perpendicular : garis tegak haluan merupakan perpotongan antaragaris muat.
• L (w.l), Length of water line: jarak mendatar antara ujung garis air yang ddari titik perpotongan dengan tinggi buritan hingga titik perpotongan dentinggi haluan dan diukur pada bagian luar tinggi buritan dan tinggi halua
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UKURAN LINIER KAPAL
• Midship: titik tengah dari L (pp).
• Midship section: bentuk bidang/ irisan kapal melaluititik midship.
• Breadth/Beam: lebar ekstrem badan kapal melalui titikmidship.
• Depth: kedalaman ekstrem badan kapal melalui titikmidship.
• Draft, draught atau “sarat”: ukuran kedalaman esktremantara designed load water line dengan titik terendahkapal.
• Freeboard : jarak vertikal dari garis air sampaigeladak lambung bebas atau garis geladak (deck
line).
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KAPASITAS ANGKUT
DWT (Dead Weight Ton)
• Besaran selisih dari displacement (berat air yang dipindahkanakibat terapungnya kapal) kapal yang penuh muatan (extreeweight ) dan kapal kosong (light weight ), dihitung dalam satuanMetrik → = loaded displacement – light displacement
BRT (Bruto Registered Ton) atau GT (Gross Tonnage)
• Volume atau isi sebuah kapal dikurangi dengan jumlah isi sejuruangan tertentu untuk keamanan kapal, dalam satuan RegistTon, dengan satu unit Registered Ton adalah 2,83 m3.
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• Vessels can be classified bytheir purpose in:
• Naval Ships
• Civil Ships
• Civil ships are classified
according the use thateveryone will have.
Civil Ships
TroopShips
IndustrialShips
ServiceShips
TechnicalShips
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Troop Ships
Industrial Ships
Service Ships
Technical Ships
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• Troop Ships: Are shipsdesigned to carry freightand passengers
Troop Ships
Freighters
PassengerShips
SpecialTroop Ships
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• Freighters: Are vesselsdesigned to carry freight.
Freighters
GeneralCargo ships
SpecializedCargo Ships
LiquidCargo Ships
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• General Cargo Ships:General cargo includesitems which are packed orunpacked. They usuallyhave spacious holds whichoccupy the larger part ofthe hull.
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FREIGHTERS
• Specialized Cargo Ships: The cargo is
carefully distributed according to its type
and requirement of special conditions.
Freighters
GeneralCargo Ships
SpecializedCargo Ships
Reefers
Timbers
Containers
Barges
Ro-Ro
Bulks
Heavy
Cattles
LiquidCargo Ships
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SPECIALIZED CARGO
• Reefer Cargo Ships: They transport
perishable food such as fruit, vegetables,
meat, fish and dairy, having a carrying
capacity of 8,000 - 12,000 t.
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SPECIALIZED CARGO
• Timbers Carrier Ships: One-
decked ships designed to carry
logs and beams; carrying
capacity - 5,000 - 20,000 t,
speed - 13-15 knots.
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SPECIALIZED CARGO
• Barges-Carrying Ships: This type of ships
pertains to the category of containerships
but the principle is slightly different.
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SPECIALIZED CARGO
• Ro-Ro Ships: Used for transporting motor
vehicles and other wheeled equipment. Ro-
Ro is short for roll-on roll-off ships and is
thus called because cargo is carried on
wheeled containers or trailers.
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SPECIALIZED CARGO
• Bulk Carriers: Bulk cargo is a wide term.
Heavy bulk-carriers usually transport ore,
coal and coke, building materials, such as
cement and gravel. Light bulkers carry
grain, salt and sugar.
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SPECIALIZED CARGO
• Heavy Cargo Ships: Heavy cargo vessels
can be divided into: Semi-submersible
heavy lift ships, conventional heavy lift
ships, tow barges and dock ships. Their
construction and stability allows them to
carry extremely large and heavy objects.
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SPECIALIZED CARGO
• Flo-Flo Ships: Float-on/Float-off or
semisubmersible ships, provide the
capability to load, transport and offload
outsized military cargo independent of
port equipment traditionally used for
handling large or extremely heavy cargo,
such as tug boats, barges, landing craft,
floating cranes, and single anchor leg
mooring systems. Lifts range from
approximately 50 to as much as 45,000
tons.
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SPECIALIZED CARGO
• Cattles Ships: as the name implies, these
ships transport cattle.
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FREIGHTERS
• Liquid Cargo Ships: They transport cargo
in liquid form.
Freighters
GeneralCargo Ships
SpecializedCargo Ships
LiquidCargo
Tanke
LPG
LNG
Chemic
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LIQUID CARGO
• Liquid Petroleum Gas: built to carry liquid
gases, either natural gases or products of
oil processing (methane, propane, butane),
for chemical industry; speed 12-20 knots;
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LIQUID CARGO
• Liquid Natural Gas: An LNG carrier is a
tank ship designed for transporting
liquefied natural gas (LNG)
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LIQUID CARGO
• Chemical Ships: They transport chemicals
such as sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid and
ammoniac.
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TROOP SHIPS
• Passengers Ships: They transport people.
PassengersShips
Liners
Cruise
Coastwis
Yachts
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PASSENGERS SHIPS
• Liners Ships: Liners sail on one and same
route (be it through rivers, seas or oceans)
according to a timetable.
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PASSENGERS SHIPS
• Cruise Ships: Their purpose is to take
tourists to journeys.
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PASSENGERS SHIPS
• Coastwise Ships: Not large inland-going
ships which sail close to the coast between
two or more ports; Their seats for
passengers vary from 40 to 600.
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PASSENGERS SHIPS
• Yachts: crafts, propelled either by sail or
by power, used for having fun.
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SPECIAL TROOP SHIPS
• Ferrys: Designed to carry wagons, vehicles
and passengers by serving as a bridge
between two ports, located at the opposite
ends of rivers, bays, canals, etc.
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CIVIL SHIPS
• Industrial Ships: Designed to draw out
raw materials and food resources from
sea.
IndustrialShips
ExtractiveShips
Processing
Ships
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INDUSTRIAL SHIPS
• Extractive Ships: Ships used solely for
catching
ExtractiveShips
Trawlers
Seiners
Whalers
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EXTRACTIVE SHIPS
• Trawlers: The most widespread type of
fishing vessel; The name "trawler" comes
from "trawl" - a fishing net which is
dragged along the sea floor.
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EXTRACTIVE SHIPS
• Seiners: Seiners use a peculiar kind of net
(a purse seine) which hangs vertically in
the water and has a rope at its bottom
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EXTRACTIVE SHIPS
• Whalers: Ships designed for hunting
whales
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INDUSTRIAL SHIPS
• Processing Ships: Their main purpose is toreceive the catch from extractive ships,
process it into usable products and bring it
to ports.
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CIVIL SHIPS
• Service Ships: Vessels which serve themerchant fleets and operate in harbors,
inland waters and water areas
Service Ships
Ships Providi
Auxiliary Shi
Ships ProvidiSafety
Ships withspecial
purposes
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SERVICE SHIPS
• Ships Providing: navigation throughdifferent waters.
ShipsProviding
HydrograpShips
Pilots Boat
Lightships
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SHIPS PROVIDING
• Pilots Boats: Small vessels that carry apilot to a ship and then bring him back to
the port.
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SHIPS PROVIDING
• Lightships: Small vessels painted red andequipped with light and radio-signal
devices and anchored at places which are
dangerous for ships to pass through.
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SERVICE SHIPS
• Auxiliary Ships: Vessel speciallydesigned to help others ships.
AuxiliaryShips
Icebreake
Tugboat
Push Tug
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AUXILIARY SHIPS
• Icebreakers: These are ships maintainingnavigation in winter by leading other
vessels across ice tracks (and breaking ice-
floes).
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AUXILIARY SHIPS
• Tugboats: High-speed vessels with anapproximate length of 60 meters, used for
towing barges and damaged ships and
taking them across narrow canals or
fairways.
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AUXILIARY SHIPS
• Push Tugs: Vessels used for pushing anassembly of barges; Push tugs have very
high superstructures which allow to keep a
watch on the vessels in front and way
ahead.
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SERVICE SHIPS
• Ships Providing Safety: Ships speciallydesigned to attended any emergency at
sea.
Ships ProvidingSafety
Rescue Ship
Fireboats
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SHIPS PROVIDING SAFETY
• Rescue Boats: Powerful high-speed crafts,able to operate in any conditions and
being furnished to save ships which have
damage or have suffered an accident
onboard and need urgent help.
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SHIPS PROVIDING SAFETY
• Fireboats: Fitted out to fight fire aboardships and floating platforms (e.g. oil drills)
by spraying foam and water from a
distance of 60-100 meters.
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SERVICE SHIPS
• Ships with Special Purposes: As his nameimplies are ships designed to special
services.
Ships withSpecial Purposes
Research Shi
Training Ship
Floating “hous
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SHIPS WITH SPECIAL PURPOSES
• Research Ships: ships used for exploringwaterways, surveying the sea bottom and
ocean processes, locating natural resources
(petroleum, cobalt, copper, iron, etc.) and
observing marine life.
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SHIPS WITH SPECIAL PURPOSES
• Training Ships: For training cadets.
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SHIPS WITH SPECIAL PURPOSES
• Floating “houses”: hospitals, hotels,exhibitions, workshops, laboratories ships.
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CIVIL SHIPS
• Technical Ships: Ships which providetechnical service and create the necessary
conditions for ship navigation.
TechnicalShips
Dredges
SuctionDredges
FloatingDocks
Others
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TECHNICAL SHIPS
• Dredges: These are floating vessels usedto make sea- or river-floors deeper (for
example, this is done when ports and
canals are built or simply maintained).
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TECHNICAL SHIPS
• Suction Dredges: These crafts have asuction device which gathers sand from the
sea floor and carries it away with a system
of pipes to land or to another deep place
in water which has to be made shallower.
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TECHNICAL SHIPS
• Others: floating cranes, power stations andworkshops; cable laying ships; oil collector
ships (they surround the oil spills and clear
them); drill ships; offshore drilling rig
supply vessels;
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CONCLUSION
The presentation aims to describe all types ofships by explaining their typical features,
through the use of pictures. It dells mainly on
troop ships, because they form the world's
merchant fleet and contribute essentially to
world trade and transportation.