performing art theater di semarangrepository.unika.ac.id/18961/1/07110049 - dea vania -...
TRANSCRIPT
PROYEK AKHIR ARSITEKTUR
Periode LX, Seme$ter Gasal, Tahun 2011/2012
LANDASAN TEORI DAN PROGRAM
Performing Art Theater di Semarang
Penekanan De~ain
Teater Postmodern
Permasalahan Dominan
Akustik dalam Bangunan Teater
Diajukan untuk memenuhi s~bagian persyaratan
memperoleh gelar Sarjana Teknik Arsitektuf
Disusun Oleh:
Dea Vania 07.11.0049
Dosen Pembimbing:
Ir. A M.S. Darmawan, MBLDG
HALAMAN PENGESAHAN
PROYEK AKHtR ARSITEKTUR
Periode lIX, Semester Genap, Tahun 2010/2011
PROGRAM STUD.I ARSITEKTUR, FAKUL TAS ARSITEKTUR D.AN D.ESAIN
UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK SOEGIJAPRANATA
Judul
Penekanan D.esain
Permasalahan D.ominan
Penyusun
Pembimbing
Penguji
: Performing Art Theater di Semarang
: Teater Postmodern
: Akustik dalam Bangunan Teater
: Oea Vania, 07.11.0049
: Jr. A.M.S. Oarmawan, MBLDG
: fr. Yulita Titik S, MT
Moediartianto, ST, MSc
Ir. Robert Rianto W, MT
Semarang, 28 Oktober 2011
Mengetahui dan mengesahkan
Dekan Ketua Koordinator
Fakultas Arsitektur dan Desain Program Studi Arsitektur Proyek Akhir Arsite1<tur
Suskiyatno, MT
NPP. 058.1.1992.124
ii
Ir. BPR. Gandhi. MSA
NPP.058.1.1986.015
HALAMAN PENGESAHAN
PROYEK AKHIR ARSITEKTUR
Periode LX, Semester Gasal, Tahun 2011/2012
PROGRAM STUDI ARSITEKTUR, FAKULTAS ARSITEKTUR DAN DESAIN '
UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK SOEGIJAPRANATA
Judul
Penekanan Desa1n
Permasalahan bominan
Penyusun
Pembimbing
Penguji
Penguji
NPP.058.1.1988.034
: Performing Art Theater di Semarang
: Teater Postmodern
: Akustik daJam Bangunan Teater
: Dea Vania, 07.1 1.0049
: Ir. A.M.S. Darmawan, MBLDG
: ir. Yulita Titik S, MT
Moediartianto, ST, MSc
Ir. Robert Rianto W, MT
Semarang, 28 Oktober 2011
Mengetahui dan mengesahkan
Pembimbing
Ir. A.M.S. Darmawan, MBLDG
NPP.058.7.1978.002
Penguji Penguji
Ir. Robert Rianto W, MT
NPP. 058.1 .1993.1 4~
ii
PRAKATA
Puji Syukur kepada Tuhan Yang Maha Esa, yang telah melimpahkan berkahnya
kepada penulis sehingga dapat menyelesaikan dengan baik Landasan T eori dan
Program Proyek Akhir Arsitektur Periode LX dengan judul PERFORMING ART
THEATRE di SEMARANG. Landasan Teori dah Program ini ditunjukan untuk
memenuhi sebagian persyaratan memperoleh gelar Sarjana Teknik Arsitektur
Universitas Katolik Soegijapranata Semarang.
Dalam penyusunan Landasan Teori dan Program Proyek Akhir Arsitektur
Periode LX ini, penulis mendapatkan banyak bantuan baik berupa pengarahan,
dorongan, perijinan maupun bantuan serta doa yang diberikan oleh banyak pihak
sehingga penulis mampu menyelesaikan Landasan Teori dan Program ini meskipun
jauh dari sempurna. Pada kesempatan ini, perkenankan penulis menyampaikan rasa
terima kasih yang sebesar-besarnya kepada berbagai pihak yang tetah membantu,
memberikan dOfongan, petunjuk serta rnemberikan perijinan dalam penyusunan
Landasan Teori dan Program ini. Ucapan terima kasih ini terutama saya ucapkan
kepada:
1. Bapak Ir. BPR. Gandhi, MSA selaku Dosen Koordinator Proyek Akhir Arsitektur
Periode LX.
2. Bapak Ir. AMS Darmawan, MBLDG selaku Dosen Pembimbing yang tetah banyak
meluangkan waktu dan pikiran untuk membimbing, memberikan petunjuk, saran dan
waktunya kepada penulis sehingga Landasan Teari dan Program ini dapat
diselesaikan.
ii
iii
3. Teman-teman di Program Studi Arsitektur yang selalu mendukung dan mendorong
dalam proses perkuliahan dan proses penyelesaian Landasan Teori dan Program
ini.
4. Serta pihak-pihak lain yang telah membantu penulis baik secara langsung maupun
tidak langsung hingga terselesaikannya makalah ini.
Akhir kata, semoga makalah ini dapat memberikan manfaat bagi semua pihak
yang membutuhkan.
Sen1arang, 30 September 2011
Dea Vania
iii
iv
DAFTAR lSI
Halaman Judul ................................................................................................... i
Prakata ........ ......................................................... .............................................. ii
Daftar lsi ............................................................................................................. iv
Daftar T abel ....................................................................................................... xi
Daftar Gambar .. ... .... ........................................................................................... xii
Daftar Bagan .......... ...... ...................................................................................... xviii
BAB I PENDAHULUAN ...................................................................................... 1
1.1 Latar Belakang Proyek ............................................................................. ... 1
1.1.1 Ide .................................................................................................... 1
1.1.2 Alasan Pemilihan Judul.. .......................... ........................................ 1
1.1.2.1 Ketertarikan ........................................................................ 1
1.1.2.2 Kepentingan Mendesak ...................................................... 2
1.1.2.3 Kebutuhan ......................................................................... . 2
1.1.2.4 Keterkaitan ......................................................................... 2
1.2 Tujw;m dan Sasaran Pembahasan .............................................................. 3
1.3 Lingkup Petnbahasan .................................................................................. 3
1.4 Metoda Pembahasan ............................................... ... .. .............................. 4
1.4.1 Metoda Pengumpulan Data ............................................................. 4
1.4.1.1 Pengumpulan Data Primer .................... .. .............. .... ......... 4
1.4.1.2 Pengumpulan Data Sekunder ............................... ............. 5
------t -:-4-j!- Metoda-Penyusnnarrd-arrAnalis- ................................................... .
v
1.4.3 Metoda Pemprograman ......... ...................................................... .. .. 5
1.4.4 Metoda Perancangan Arsitektur. ..................................................... . 5
1.5 Sistematika Pembahasan ............................................................................ 6
BAB II TINJAUAN PROYEK .......... ... ........ .... ........................... ..... ..... .... ........ ..... 8
2.1 Tinjauan Umum ........................................................................................... 8
2.1.1 Gambaran Umum ...................... ......... ............................................. 8
2.1.1.1 Teater Kontemporer ........................................................... 11
2.1.1.2 Konser Musik ...................................................................... 13
2.1.2 Latar Belakang-Perkembangan-Trend .... ...... .. ................................. 15
2.1.3 Sasaran yang Akan Dicapai. ............................................................ 16
2.2 Tinjauan Khusus .......................................................................................... 17
2.2.1 Terminologi ................................................. ..................................... 17
2.2.1.1 Pengertian Epistemologis ................................................... 17
2.2.1.2 Latar Belakang Sejarah ...................................................... 17
2.2.2 Kegiatan ........................................................................................... 22
2.2.2.1 Pelaku ................................................................................ 22
2.2.2.2 Aktivitas .............................................................................. 24
2.2.2.3 Fasilitas .............................................................................. 25
2.2.2.4 Peralatan/Prasarana ............................... _ ...... .................... 37
2.2.3 Spesifikasi dan Persyaratan Desain ................................................ 39
2.2.3.1 Spesifikasi Desain ........ ...................................................... 39
2.2.3.2 Persyaratan Desain ............................................................ 45
2.2.4 DElskripsi Konteks Desa/Kota ........................................................... 46
vi
2.2.4.1 Penetapah Kota/Kabupaten ...................... ..... ... .... ....... ...... 46
2.2.4.2 Ur~ensi Proyek ................................................................... 50
2.2.4.3 Relevansi Proyek ............................................................... 51
2.2.5 Studi Banding/Komparasi Kasus Proyek Sejenis ......... ..... .. ... .... ...... 51
2.2.5.1 Studi Banding ..................................................................... 51
2.2.5.2 Studi Kasus .... ......................... ........................................... 58
2.2.6 Permasalahan Desain ...................................................................... 68
2.2.6.1 Arsitektur .............................. .............................................. 68
2.2.6.2 Bangunan ................................................. .......... ................ 68
2.2.6.3 Lingkungan ..................... ... ...... .................. ......................... 69
2.3 Kesimpulan, Batasan, dan Anggapan ......... ................................................ 69
2.3.1 Kesimpulan ...................................................................................... 69
2.3.2 Batasan ............................................................................................ 69
2.3.3 Anggapan .................................................................... .... .... ............ 70
BAB III ANALISA PENDEKATAN PROGRAM ARSITEKTUR. ........................... 71
3.1 Analisa Pendekatan Arsitektur .................................................................... 71
3.1.1 Studi Aktifitas ..................... ... .................. ... ... .... ............................... 71
3.1.1.1 Kelompok Aktifitas .............................................................. 71
3.1.1.2 Studi Pemakai/Pelaku ...... ......... .... ..................................... 73
3.1.1.3 PolaKegiatan .................. ................................................... 77
3.1.1.4 Kategorisasi Aktifitas .......................................................... 81
3.1.2 Studi Fasilitas ..... ... ....................................................... .................... 85
3.1.2.1 Pendekatan Kebut~han dan Sifat RI,Jang ........................... 85
vii
3.1.2.2 pora Ruang ........... ... ........................................................... 90
3.1.2.3 Pola Hubungan Ruang Skala Makro ... ............................... 91
3.1.2.4 Pola Hubungan Ruang Skala Mikro ......................... .......... 91
3.1.2.5 Indoor/Outdoor ................. ...................... .............. .... .......... 94
3.1.2.6 Studi Besaran Ruang ...................... .. .... .................. .. ......... 94
3.1.2.7 Studi Besaran Ruang Khusus ................ ..... .... .. ................. 101
3.1.2.8 Studi Besaran Bangunan dan Lahan .................................. 119
3.1.2.9 Studi Citra Arsitektural.. ..................... ................... ............ ,. 120
3.2 Analisa Pendekatan Sistem Bangunan .................................................... .. . 120
3.2.1 Studi Sistem Struktur dan EnClosure .............. ............ ..................... 120
3.2.2 Studi Sistem Utilitas .......... ............................................................... 131
3.2.2.1 Jaringan Air Bersih ......................... .. .... 0 ............................. 132
3.2.2.2 Jaringan Air Kotor. .............................................................. 132
3.2.2.3 Pengelolaan Sampah ......................................................... 133
3.2.2.4 Jaringan Listrik .... .. .. ..... ...................................................... 133
3.2.2.5 Sistem Penghawaan .................. .. ...................................... 134
3.2.2.6 Sistem Jaringan Kebakaran ............................................... 135
3.2.2.7 Sistem Penangkal Petir .............................. ........................ 139
3.2.2.8 Sistem Transportasi Vertikal.. ............................................. 139
3.2.2.9 Sistem Keamanan Bangunan ............................................. 141
3.2.2.10 Jaringan Komunikasi ......................................................... 142
3.2.2.11 Sistem Pencahayaan ........ .. ............... ............................... 145
3.2.2.12 Sistem Akustik ................ .. ... .. ............................................ 153
viii
3.2.3 Studi Pemanfaatan Teknologi. ......................................................... 153
3-.3 Analisa Konteks Lingkungan ....................................................................... 155
3.3.1 Analisa Pemilihan Lokasi ................................................................. 155
3.3.1.1 Deskripsi Alternatif Lokasi .................................................. 156
3.3.1.2 Kriteria Pemilihan Lokasi .................................................... 162
3.3.1.3 Pemilihan Lokasi ....... ......................................................... 162
3.3.2 Analisa Pemilihan Tapak ................................................................. 164
BAB IV PROGRAM ARSITEKTUR. .................................................................... 173
4.1 Konsep Program ......................................................................................... 173
4.2 Tujuan Perancangan, Faktor Penentu Perancangan, Faktor Persyaratan
Perancangan ...................................................................................................... 174
4.2.1 Tujuan Perancangan ........................................................................ 174
4.2.2 Faktor Penentu Perancangan .......................................................... 174
4.2.3 Faktor Persyaratan Perancangan .................................................... 175
4.3 Program Arsitektur ...................................................................................... 176
4.3.1 Program Kegiatan ............................................................................ 176
4.3.1.1 Program Ruang .................................................................. 176
4.3.1.2 Program Besaran Ruang .................................................... 180
4.3.1.3 Studi Besaran Bangunan dan Lahan .................................. 183
4.3.1.4 Pola Ruang ......................................................................... 185
4.3.1.5 Indoor/Outdoor ................................................................... 185
4.3.2 Program Sistem Struktur. ................................................................. 185
4.3.3 Program Sistem Utilitas ................................................................... 186
ix
4.3.3.1 Jaringan Air Bersih ..... .............................................. .......... 186
4.3.3.2 Jaringan Air Kotor. ........ ......................... ..... ....... ................. 186
4.3.3.3 Sampah .......................................... ............ ....... ................. 187
4.3.3.4 Jaringan Ustrik ......... .......................................................... 187
4.3.3.5 Sistem Penghawaan .......... ... ..................... ....... ...... ........... 187
4.3.3.6 Sistem Jaringan Kebakaran ............................................... 187
4.3.3.7 Sistem Penangkal Petir ...................................................... 188
4.3.3.8 Sistem Transportasi Vertikal. ............. ........ .............. ........... 188
4.3.3.9 Sistem Keamanan Bangunan ....................................... ...... 188
4.3.3.10 Jaringan Komunikasi ......................................................... 188
4.3.3.11 Sistem Pencahayaan ........................................................ 188
4.3.3.12 Sistem Akustik ................................................................... 189
4.3.3.13 Studi Pemanfaatan Teknologi ........................................... 189
4.3.4 Program Lokasi dan Tapak .............................................................. 191
4.3.4.1 Program Lokasi .................................................................. 191
4.3.4.2 Program Tapak ................................................................... 194
4.3.4.3 Perbaikan Iklim Mikro Setempat.. ....................................... 196
4.3.4.4 Perlindungan Bangunqn ..................................................... 196
4.3.4.5 Piljhan Bahan Penutup Tanah ............................................ 197
BAS V KAJIAN TEOR1 ....................................................................................... 198
5.1 Kajian Teori Penekanan Desain .................................................................. 198
5.1.1 Uraian Interpretasi dan Elaborasi Penekanan Desain ..................... 198
5.1.2 Penerapan Teori Penekanan Desain ..... ............................. ........ .. ... 200
x
5.2 Kajian teori Permasalahan Dominan ............ .. .... ...................... .. ................. 200
5.2.1 Uraian Interpretasi dan Elaborasi Permasalahan Dominan ............. 200
5.2.2 Studi Literatur. .................................................................................. 201
5.2.3 Kemungkinan Penerapan Teori Permasalahan Dominan ..... ...... ..... 212
Daftar Pustaka .......... .. ........................ ... ...... .... .. ...................... ... .... ............ .. .... .. 221
xi
DAFTAR TABEl
. Tabel 3.1 Jumlah Personil Kelompok Pengelola ............................................. ...... 76
Tabel 3.2 Kategorisasi Keglatan Kelompok Pengunjung ....................................... 81
Tabel3.3 Kategorisasi Kegiatan Kelompok Pengisi Acara .................................... 81
T abel 3.4 Kategorisasi Kegiatan Direktur .. .. ................................... ....................... 82
Tabel3.5 Kategoris9si Kegiatan Perkantoran ....................................................... 84
Tabel3.6 Kategorisasi Kegiatan Staff Teknik ........................................................ 84
Tabel3.7 Kategorisasi Kegiatan Staff Perlengkapan ............................................ 85
T abel 3.8 T abel F asilitas Utama ............................................................................ 86
Tabel3.9 Tabel Fasilitas Pengunjung ................................................................... 87
Tabe13.10 Tabel Fasilitas Servis ...... .. ........ ........................................................... 87
Taber 3.11 Tabat Fasilitas Pengelola ..................................................................... 88
Tabe13.12 5tudi Besaran Ruang ........................................................................... 94
Tabel 3.13 Keseluruhan Fasilitas ........................................................................... 101
T abel 3.14 Perhitungan Waktu Dengung ............................................................... 112
Tabe13.15 Perbandingan Struktur ... .............................................. ...... ................... 129
Tabet 3.16 PenHaian Lokasi ....... ............................................................... ............ . 162
Tabel 3.1'7' Penilaian Skala Koridor Jalan ............................................................... 166
Tabel4.1 Tabel Kegiatan dan Ruang ... ................................................................. 176
Tabel4.2 Tabel Besaran Ruang ........................................................... ... ............. 180
Tabel4.3 Perhitungan Waktu Dengung ......................... ....................................... 182
Tabel 5.1 Perbandingan Struktur ........................................................................... 204
xii
DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 2.1. Pertunjukkan Seni Musik .................... ..... ...............•.......................... 9
Gambar 2.2. Pertunjukkan Seni Tari ...................................................................... 10
Gambar 2.3 Drama ................................................................................................ 10
Gambar 2.4 Konser Musik ...................................................... ............................... 15
Gambar 2.5 Acara Lawakan .................................................................................. 16
Gampar 2.6 Panggung ......... ........................ ......................................................... 25
Gambar 2.7 Ruang Latihan .......................... ......... .. .. .......... .................................. 26
Gambar 2.8 Auditorium ......................................................................................... 26
Gambar 2.9 Ruang Backstage ....................... ....................................................... 26
Gambar 2.10 Lobby ............................................................... ....... .. ........................ 27
Gambar 2.11 Foyer ................................................................................................ 27
Gambar 2.12 Ticketing ................ ................... ........................................................ 28
Gambar 2.13 RuangGanti ............... ...................................................................... 28
Gambar 2.14 Ruang Peralatan .................................................. ............................ 29
Gambar 2.15 Ruang Audio Control ...................... .................................................. 29
Gambar 2.16 Galery ............................................................................................... 29
Gambar 2.17 Loading Dock ................................................................................... 30
Gambar 2.18 Absence Corner .......... .... .. ............................................................... 30
Gambar 2.19 Ruang Control Panel .. ~ ................................................................ , ..... 31
Gambar 2.20 Ruang Cleaning Servis ...................................................................... 31
Gambar 2.21 Operator CCTV ..... ... .. ............ ...... ..................... ....................... ...... ... 32
xiii
Gambar 2.22 Kantin .......... .... .. .. ........................................ ..... ..... ... ... ...... ................ 32
Gambar 2.23 Area Parkir ........................................................................................ 32
Gambar 2.24 Ruang Genset ................... .................................... ............. ............... 33
Gambar 2.25 Gudang .......................................................... .. .................................. 33
Gambar 2.26 Toilet. ................................................................................................. 34
Gambar 2.27 Ruang Satpam .................................................................................. 34
Gambar 2.28 ·Mushola ................................................................... .......................... 34
Gambar 2.29 Ruang Istirahat Staff .......................................................................... 35
Gambar 2.30 Ruang Pengisi Acara ......................................................................... 35
Gambar 2.31 Ruang Perawatan Bangunan ............................................................ 35
Gambar 2.32 Kantor Pengelola .......... ............. ... ..................................................... 36
Gambar 2.33 Ruang Tamu ....... ............ .............................. .... ................................. 36
Gambar 2.34 Ruarig Rapat ..................................................................................... 37
Gambar 2.35 Ruang Staff ....................................................................................... 37
Gambar 2.36 Simbol Tunadaksa ............................ ... ............... ............... ............... . 42
Gambar 2.37 Peta Pembagian Wilayah Kabupaten ............................................... .47
Gambar 2.38 Peta Sydney Myer Music Bowl .......................................................... 52
Gambar 2.39 Sydney Myer Music Bowl .................................................................. 52
Gambar 2.40 Roman Theatre, Caesarea, Israel ..................................................... 53
Gambar 2.41 Hollywood Bowl ......... .......................................................... ...... ........ 55
Gambar 2.42 Atraksi di Hollywood Bowl .. .......................... .. ................................... 55
Gambar 2.43 Auditorium ......................................................................................... 56
Gambar 2.44 Atraksi Efek di Hollywood Bowl ..................... ................ .. .......... ........ 56
Gambar 2.45 Sydney Opera House ........................................................................ 59
Gambar 2.46 Concert Hall Sydney Opera House .................................................... 59
xiv
Gambar 2.47 Balai Sarbini ...................... .... ............................................................ 60
Gambar 2.48 Gambar Kerja Concert Hall Balai Sarbini .......................................... 61
Gambar 2.49 Concert Hall Balai Sarbini. ............. ................. .. ................................. 61
Gambar 2.50 Layout Panggung .. .. .. .. ................. ......................................... .......... .. 62
Gambar 2.51 Stage ................ ... .............................................................................. 62
Gambar 2.52 Gambar Kerja Lantai Dasar ......................................... .. .............. .. .... 63
Gambar 2.53 Keong Mas ........................................................................................ 64
Gambar 2.54 Foyer Area ............................................................. ........... .............. ... 64
Gambar 2.55 Sitting Area ........................................................................................ 64
Gambar 2.56 Ticketing ......... .. ........... .. ................. ................................................... 64
Gambar 2.57 Souvenir Shop .................................................... ............................... 64
Gambar 2.58 Entrance Teater ................................................... .. ............................ 64
Gambar 2.59 Lubang Udara ........... .. ................ .. ................ .. .. ........ ...... .. ... ........... .. . 65
Gambar 2.60 Toilet. .......... ....... .. ...... ..................... ..... ............... ................... .. .... ...... 65
Gambar 2.61 Gambar Kerja Holy Stadium .................................. .. ...... .. .... .. ............ 66
Gambar 2.62 Kondisi Ruang Teater. ....................................................................... 66
Gambar 2.63 Struktur Atap ................................................. ............ ..... ..... .............. 66
Gambar 2.64 Auditorium .. ...... .. ................. ................. ............... .............................. 66
Gambar 3.1 Panggung Procenium ....................................................................... 103
Gambar 3.2 Panggung Terbuka .. .. ....................................................................... 104
Gambar 3.3 Panggung Arena .. .. .......................................... ................ .. .............. 105
Gambar 3.4 Stage Permanen ................................. .. ........................................... 107
Gambar 3.5 Ukuran Kursi .. .. ....... ..................... ... ....... ................ .. ........ ................. 107
Gambar 3.6 Auditorium ... .. ............................. .. .. ............ .. ......... .. .............. ........... 108
Gambar 3.7 Penggambaran Jarak Auditorium Dengan Panggung .......... ........ .. .. 109
xv
Gambar 3.8 Standar Tunadaksa .............. ........ .. .................................................. 118
Gambar 3.9 Ramp Tunadaksa ... ... .......................................................... ... ......... . 118
Gambar 3.10 Toilet Tunadaksa .... ... .......................... _ ....... ... ....... ........ .. ... ............ 118
Gambar 3.11 Pondasi Sumuran ....... ............. .. ......... .. ........................................... 121
Gambar 3.12 Pondasi Tiang Pancang .................................................................. 121
Gambar 3.13 Dinding Batubata ....................... ........................ ... ................ .... ...... . 124
Gambar 3.14 Dinding Hebel .................................................................................. 125
Gambar 3.15 Struktur Kabel.. .......................................... .... .......... .. ......... ... .......... 126
Gambar 3.16 Struktur Membran ............... ......... ... ..... ................ .. ....... ....... ............ 127
Gambar 3.17 Struktur Spaceframe ....... .... ................. ........ ...... .. .... ........................ 128
Gamba,. 3.18 Lantai Keramrk ................................................................................ 130
Gambar 3.19 Beton Bertulang ..................................................... .......................... 131
Gambar 3.20 Plafond Gypsum .............................................................................. 131
Gambar 3.21 Jet Nossle Air Conditioning ............................................................. 135
Gambar 3.22 Fire Extinguisher .•......... .................................................................. 136
Gambar 3.23 Sprinkler .............................................................................. ............ 136
Gambar 3.24 Hydrant Pillar ...... .. ........ .. ................................................................. 137
Gambar 3.25 Hydrant Box ..................................................................................... 137
Gambar 3.26 Detector ........................................................................................... 138
Gambar 3.27 Alarm ............................................................................................... 138
Gambar 3.28 Petlangkal Petir Faraday .................... ............................................. 139
Gambar 3.29 Penangkal Petir Radioaktif .............................................................. 139
Gambar 3.30 Ramp ............................................................................................... 140
Gambar 3.31 Lift .................................................................................................... 141
Gambar 3.32 CCTV ............................................................................................... 141
xvi
Gambar 3.33 Speaker .......... ................. ....... ............................... ......... ...... ........... 142
Gambar 3.34 Amplification Speaker. ... ...................................... .... ............ ............ 142
Gambar 3.35 Intercom ....................................................... ........ , .................. ... ..... 145
Gambar 3.36 Skylight ...... ........ ................... ... .......... ................... ..... .......... ............ 147
Gambar 3.37 Panel Sun Shading ......... ........ ........ ... .... ... ... ...... ..... ..... ... ... ..... ........ . 148
Gambar 3.38 Solar Skin ............... ..... ... .............................................. ................... 148
Gambar 3.39 Lampu LED ............ ... ..... ... ......................... ......... .. .......................... 149
Gambar 3.40 Lampu TL ........................................................................................ 151
Gambar 3.41 Spot Light ........................................ .. .............................................. 152
Gambar 3.42 Spot Light Panggung .................................................... .. ................. 152
Gambar 3.43 Rangkaian Spot Light Panggung ..................................................... 152
Gambar 3.44 Pembagian BWK ............................................................................. 155
Gambar 3.45 Peta Pembagian BWK ....... .............................................................. 156
Gambar 3.46 Lokasi Tapak .. ...... ...... ...... ... ........................... ................................. 166
Gambar 3.47 Tapak ...... .................. .............. .. ....................................... .. .. ........... 168
Gambar 3.48 Foto Tapak 1 ..................... ... ................................ .. ... .. ............ .... .... 168
Gambar 3.49 Foto Tapak 2 ................................................................................... 168
Gambar 3.50 Foto Tapak 3 .............................................................. .. ................... 169
Gambar 3.51 Foto Tapak 4 ................................................................................... 169
Gambar 3.62 Foto Tapak 5 .................. ................................................................. 170
Gambar 4.1 Auditorium ........................................................................................ 181
Gambar 4.2 Lokasi Tapak .................................................... , .... ... ........................ 194
Gambar 5.1 Auditorio de Tenerife Seitlich ........ .. ........... .. .. .. ............ .. .......... ......... 198
Gambar 5.2 Disney Hall, CA, Los Angeles ...... .. .. ...... .. ......................................... 198
Gambar 5.3 Arah Penyebaran Bunyi. ....................................................... ............ 204
xvii
Gambar 5.4 Pertambahan Insulasi Bunyi. .. .............................................. ............ 211
Gambar 5.5 Pengerjaan Akustik Pad a Dinding .................................................... 212
Gambar 5.6 Refleksi Suara Panggung Terbuka ................................................... 213
Gambar 5.7 Pemantulan Sumber Bunyi. ............................................................... 216
xviii
DAFTAR BAGAN
Bagan 2.1 Struktur Organisasi Kelompok Pengelola ............................................ 24
Bagan 3.1 Struktur Organisasi Kelompok Pengelola ............................... ... .......... 76
Bagan 3.2 Bagan Kegiatan Pengunjung ....... .. ...... .......................................... ... ... 77
Bagan 3.3 Bagan Kegiatan Pengisi Acara ........................................... .... .... ......... 78
Bagan 3.4 Bagan Kegiatan Direktur ........................ ........ .. ....... .......... .. .... ... .... , ..... 79
Bagan 3.5 Bagan Kegiatan Kantor .......... .... .......................................................... 79
Bagan 3.6 Bagan Kegiatan Staff Peralatan ........................................................... 80
Bagan 3.7 Bagan Kegiatan Staff Tata Usaha ........................................................ 80
Bagan 3.8 Bagan Pola Ruang ............................................................................... 90
Bagan 3.9 Bagan Hubungan Pola Ruang ............................................................. 90
Bagan 3.10 Bagan Hubuhgan Ruang Skala Makro ................................................ 91
Bagan 3.11 Bagan Hubungan Ruang Fasilitas Utama ........................................... 92
Bag,an 3.12 Bagan Hubungan Ruang Fasilitas Pendukung .... ............................... 92
Ba~an 3.13 Bagan Hubungan Ruang Fasilitas Servis ............................................ 93
Bagan 3.14 Bagan Hubungan Ruang Fasilitas Pengelola ...................................... 93
Bagan 3.15 Bagan Air Bersih Up Feed Sistem ...................................................... 132
Bagan 3.16 Bagan Air Kotor ................................................................................... 132
Bagan 3.17 Bagan Pembuangan Sampah ............................................................. 133
Bagan 4.1 Pola Ruang Skala Makro ................ .. ................................................... 185