Perbandingan Beberapa Standar Karbon dalam Proyek

Kehutanan/Berbasis Lahan

Samyanugraha

Juni 2013

Literatur

• Options for REDD+ Voluntary Certification to Ensure Net GHG Benefits, Poverty Alleviation, Sustainable Management of Forests and Biodiversity Conservation (Merger et.al., 2011)

• Field perspective comparison of forest carbon and forest management standards (NEPCon, 2012)

• Review of Forestry Carbon Standards (2009) -Development of a tool for organizations to identify the most appropriate forestry carbon credit (Lopes, 2009)

• Comparison of Carbon Offset Standards for Climate Forestation Projects participating in the Voluntary Carbon Market (Merger et.al., 2008)

Beberapa Standar Karbon dengan Proyek AFOLU:

• Sertifikasi manfaat dampingan (co-benefit) • Tidak mengatur GRK (CO2e)

• Hanya menerima proyek aforestasi/reforestasi • Fokus ke aspek praktis, transparan, co-benefit

• Menerima A/R, REDD, IFM, ALM • Lebih bervisi pasar (inovasi dan kredibilitas)

• Fokus ke proyek hutan masyarakat (grassroot/community level)

• Khusus proyek di AS/Amerika Utara • Kemungkinan akan linking dengan system cap-

and-trade • Mengadopsi tools dari A/R CDM dan VCS

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Perbandingan Beberapa Standar Berdasarkan Fitur Karbon (1)

Sumber: Merger et.al., 2008

Sumber: Lopes, 2009

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Sumber: Merger et.al., 2011

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Perbandingan Beberapa Standar Karbon Secara Luas ( NEPCon, 2012)

Penyelarasan dengan kebijakan Pemerintah

Beberapa Kutipan:

• Market‐based instruments for enhancing sustainability are only effective if they are credible and have an impact on the ground (NEPCon, 2012)

• Voluntary certification provides useful practical experience that should feed into the design of the international REDD+ regime (Merger, et.al., 2011)

• REDD+ is not only a GHG reduction mechanism, but—if properly designed—REDD+ activities have the potential to deliver significant additional benefits such as poverty alleviation, sustainable forestry production management, and the protection of biodiversity. (Merger, et.al., 2011)

• This trade-off between achieving legitimacy and economic efficiency of standards is a major difficulty of standard setting and has led to specialized standards by project type, scope and modality. (Merger, et.al., 2011)

Untuk didiskusikan:

• Kerangka kebijakan (legal framework): – Tenurial lahan

– Persyaratan khusus

– Pembagian kredit

• Safeguard: – Keterlibatan masyarakat

– Distribusi pendapatan?

• Karbon: – Additionality

– Rekam guna lahan & baseline

– Leakage

– Non-permanence

– Periode kredit

– Waktu verifikasi

– Metodologi

– Validator/verifikator

• Lainnya?

Kesimpulan Sementara dan Rekomendasi:

• Merancang panduan/ketentuan pengembangan proyek AFOLU bagi SKN memerlukan trade-off antara aspek ekonomis, teknis, sosial, lingkungan dan kebijakan eksisting.

• Ketentuan bisa ditetapkan dari yang praktis dulu, dapat segera diterapkan, untuk diperbaiki kemudian bersamaan sejalan dengan lessons learned yg didapat.