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Rmqmu Hosmnao

Rmuon Nmlouo 6 Sme}og Rmuameoqon

Qoh rmunog oao nmlouo hoyo aon

emuoaoe , ai jono smeolion josyo

uohoq qiaoh jmnllmuklkqi smeoloionyonl òin

Fkgn C Co`gk}n

Smeoloi joh`}h fosjoni aon ukgoni , yonl airmu`mnlhori amnlon oho` e}ai aon hmgmnaohjmuamho , jon}sio smfoh ògiunyo oaoòg s}oq} ruieoai , qmqori ruieoai ini j}ò*j}ò `meig

jmu}rohon rkqmnsi , yonl gou}s emuhmjeonl*qmu}s jmnmu}s }nq}h jmnfoai ruieoai yonl

smjr}uno aon jmncoroi q}f}on mhsisqmnsinyo . Iq}òg ronlliòn aon q}los jon}sio .Smg}e}nlon amnlon iq} aio aiemui goh*goh ososi , yoiq} goh*goh jon}sio smeoloi jon}sio

Aio qiaoh gonyo emugoh jmnll}nohon goh*gohnyo iq} , qmqori f}lo |ofie

jmnll}nohonnyo houmno gonyo smcouo amjihion aio aoroq jmnlmjeon q}los gia}rnyoaon jmncoroi q}f}on mhsisqmnsinyo .

]nq}h jmncoroi rmuhmjeonlon ruieoainyo yonl |ofou aon jm|}f}ahon hmsmfogqmuoon

insoni smrmn}gnyo , jon}sio qiaoh jmnc}h}ri aiuinyo smnaiui jmòinhon jmjmu`}honsmsojonyo . Go` iq} emuouqi eog|o jon}sio gou}s soìnl jmjeonq} aon soìnl jm`mnlhori

K`mg smeoe iq} jon}sio |ofie aon f}lo emugoh }nq}h gia}r aoòj g}e}nlon , rmulo}òn

aon hmufo sojo amnlon smsojonyo, eoih smcouo `mros jo}r}n smcouo qmqor aoòj ihoqon*ihoqon yonl rmujonmnq . Go` iq} aiqonaoshon aoòj Amhòuosi ]nitmuso` Goh*goh Ososi

REE 6 Smqior kuonl jmjr}nyoi hm|ofieon qmugoaor josyouohoq aon gonyo ai siq} aio

aoroq jmnlmjeonlhon ruieoainyo smcouo jmuamho aon rmn}g .

K`mg smeoe iq} jon}sio smeoloi s}oq} hmgou}son jmjemnq}h emujocoj*jocoj hmsoq}on

sksio` oqo} josyouohoq . Ruio aon |oniqo jmnihog aon jmjemnq}h hm`}oulo , yoiq}

hmsoq}on sksio` aosou yonl roìnl hmci` . Hm`}oulo oaoòg hmsoq}on sksio` aosou yonl ro inl hmci` . Hm`}oulo oaoòg hmsoq}on emuhm`kjrkh yonl oòjiog aon aosou

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amjihion roso` ?4 oyoq 3 Amhòuosi ]nitmuso` Goh*goh Ososi jon}sio qmusme}q . Kuonl

jmnaiuihon amso, hkqo , rukrinsi , rmuh}jr}òn , aolonl , kòg uolo , hmsmnion aon òin

smeoloinyo .

Ohon qmqori hm`}oulo aon òin*òin hmsoq}on sksio` yonl emus}jemu roao hmjo}on emeos

jon}sio }nq}h gia}r emusojo aon emhmufo sojo, em`}j aoroq jmjmn}gi hme}q}gon*hme}q}gonnyo sm`mnlhornyo . Joho roao qinlhoq rmuhmjeonlon qmuqmnq} jon}sio

jmjmu`}hon hmsoq}on sksio` yonl `meig emsou , yonl jojr} jmnonloni smloò }u}son

emusojo }nq}h jmnfojin hmsmfogqmuoon }j}j aoòj ouqi hmsmfogqmuoon jon}sio yonl`mnlhor eoli smj}o onllkqonyo . Hmsoq}on sksio` smu}ro iq} oaoòg nmlouo . Kuonl

kuonl Ukjo|i h}nk jmnyme}qnyo Ums R}eìco , ouqinyo }u}son oqo} hmrmnqinlon r}eìc .

Smf}jòg kuonl emuloe}nl aon jmjemnq}h nmlouo }nq}h jmnfojin hmsmfogqmuoon }j}j,

yonl qiaoh aoroq ai|}f}ahon k`mg jmumho josinl*josinl jo}r}n hmsoq}on*hmsoq}onsksio` yonl `meig hmci` aon qmueoqos u}onl ìinlh}r smuqo fonlho}onnyo . Amnlon amjihion

nmlouo oaoòg s}oq} hmgou}son aoòj ouqi eog|o jon}sio gou}s jmjemnq}h nmlouo aon

gia}r smeoloi |oulonyo .

Gohihoq, Q}f}on aon Q}los Nmlouo

K`mg smeoe iq} nmlouo hiuonyo aoroq aieoqosi smeoloi s}oq} hmsoq}on sksio` oqo} kulonisosi

yonl jmnlonq}u aon jmnmuqiehon g}e}nlon*g}e}nlon onqouo rouo |oulonyo amnlon

hmh}osoon amji qmucoroinyo hmsmfogqmuoon }j}j. Yonl aijohs}a amnlon kulonisosiioòg smhm`kjrkh kuonl yonl amnlon rmjeolion q}los aon hmufo sojo jmnlmfou s}oq}

q}f}on emusojo . @m|oq rmjeolion q}los iq} smqior onllkqonyo jmjr}nyoi q}los qmuqmnq}

aoòj uonlho hmsm`}u}gon , yonl eioso aisme}q d}nlsi . Hmufo sojo amji qmucoroinyoq}f}on emusojo iq} rmuqojo*rmuqojo aifojin amnlon oaonyo rmjeolion q}los yonl fmòs

aon qmuouog roao q}f}on emusojo iq} , aon hma}o amnlon oaonyo rijrinon yonl

jmjemuihon eijeinlon , jmòh}hon hkkuainosi hmlioqon*hmlioqon rouo onllkqo aonjmnloaohon rmnlo|oson olou smloò sms}oq} emufoòn amnlon eoih aon josinl*josinl

onllkqo jmnaoroqhon eolion yonl |ofou aoòj emeon aon gosi` }sogo emusojo . Smqior

kulonisosi jmjr}nyoi r}c}h rijrinon yonl aismuoghon hmroao smkuonl oqo}smhm`kjrkh rmq}los qmuqinlli . Aoòj kulonisosi nmlouo r}c}h rijrinon iq} oaoòg

rmjmuinqog aoòj ouqi yonl `}os . Q}losnyo ioòg jmnloq}u olou kulonisosi amnlon

eolion*eolionnyo emufoòn amnlon òncou aon jmnlmfou q}f}onnyo amnlon couo yonl qmroq

aon mdisimn .

Smònf}qnyo nmlouo jmnloq}u aon jmnmuqiehon g}e}nlon*g}e}nlon onqouo rouo |oulonyo

amnlon hmh}osoon . Nmlouo oaoòg s}oq} kulonisosi hmh}osoon aon josyouohoq yonlemusonlh}qon oaoòg josyouohoq hmh}osoon . ]nq}h jmnfojin qmucoroinyo hmsmfogqmuoon

}j}j , nmlouo aoroq jmjohso rouo |oulonyo , yoiq} jmnll}nohon hmhmuosoon disih

smfo}g rmu`} , olou rmuoq}uon*rmuoq}uon aon hmr}q}son*hmr}q}sonnyo aiòhsonohon .

Ohon qmqori nmlouo e}honòg q}f}on . Smrmuqi hmsoq}on*hmsoq}on sksio` òin , nmlouo oaoòg

}nq}h hmrmnqinlon rouo |oulonyo . Q}f}on nmlouo s}aog eouonl qmnq} `meig aouiroao

hmrmnqinlon*hmrmnqinlon rouo |oulonyo aoòj ouqi eog|o q}f}onnyo iq} ioòg

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hmsmfogqmuoon }j}j sm`}u}g eonlso. Noj}n e}honòg }naonl*}naonl , `mjeolo

`mjeolo , hmjof}on i`j} rmnlmqog}on aon hme}aoyoon yonl jmnfoai qiqih qkòh aon

q}f}on nmlouo , jmòinhon jon}sio amnlon jouqoeoqnyo , q}f}on*q}f}onnyo , hme}q}gon*hme}q}gon aon q}los*q}losnyo . Qioao hmsmfogqmuoon }j}j smòin hmsmfogqmuoon `mnlhor

kuonl*kuonl . Jmjof}hon hmsmfogqmuoon }j}j qoh òin ioòg jmjof}hon rmuhmjeonlon

kuonl*kuonl iq} aon jmninlhoqhon gouhoq jmumho . Nmlouo jmnl}sogohon hknaisi eoihaon jmninlhoqhon gouhoq jmumho . Nmlouo jmnl}sogohon hknaisi eoih yonl airmu`}hon

rouo |oulonyo }nq}h jm|}f}ahon rmuhmjeonlon aiui aon eohoq*eohoq jmumho smrmn}g

j}nlhin .

]ns}u*}ns}u hmsmfogqmuoon }j}j iq} ai soq} rigoh ioòg aigkujoqinyo goh*goh kuonl*

kuonl oqo} hmrosqion g}h}j aon ai òin rigoh qmusmaionyo eouonl*eouonl aon foso*foso

hme}q}gon gia}r eoli smj}o onllkqo josyouohoq aon nmlouo oqo} hmjohj}uon }j}j .Aoòj uonlho iq} nmlouo nmlouo gou}s jmnmlohhon g}h}j aon hmoaiòn ai soq} rigoh

aon jmnfojin olou eouonl*eouonl aon foso*foso qmusme}q eoli smj}o ai òin rigoh .

Smrmuqi hiqo ìgoq ai oqos , nmlouo e}honòg q}f}on qmqori smeoloi hmsoq}on ruieoai*ruieoaiaio oaoòg souono }nq}h jmjeonq} rouo |oulonyo aon jm`mnlhori jmumho amnlon go`*go`

yonl qiaoh aoroq ai}sogohon k`mg jmumho josinl*josinl smcouo sm|ofounyo . Nmlouooaoòg }nq}h jmnloeai roao hmrmnqinlon uohyoq . Ohon qmqori f}lo e}hon q}los nmlouo

}nq}h jmnonloni smloò }u}son uohyoq , smginllo uohyoq qiaoh rmu`} emue}oq sms}oq} aon

jmnonqihon smloò sms}oq} aoui nmlouo . Q}los nmlouo oaoòg s}esiamu , jmjemuihon

s}esiai}j oqo} eonq}on hmroao kuonl*kuonl yonl qiaoh jojr} jmjmn}gi hme}q}gon*hme}q}gon jmumho smnaiui sm|ofounyo . Oro yonl aoroq aihmufohon k`mg kuonl*kuonl aon

hmsoq}on*hmsoq}on yonl `meig hmci` smrmuqi hm`}oulo , josyouohoq amso , rmu}sogoon*

rmu}sogon s|osqo aon òin smeoloinyo qiaoh rmu`} aiqonloni k`mg nmlouo . Q}los nmlouooaoòg smhmaou jmjeonq} aon jm`mnlhori emueoloi hmh}uonlon kuonl*kuonl aon

hm`kjrkh*hm`kjrkh yonl `meig hmci` qmusme}q .

Onqouo òin nmlouo jmòh}hon q}los s}esiaimunyo amnlon jmuonlsonl hmlioqon*hmlioqon

uohyoq , jmnl}sogohon hsmijeonlon aon hkkuainosi onoqouo lk`knlon*lk`knlon ,

jmjemuihon rmny}`}gon aon eijeinlon , jmòh}hon rmnlo|oson aon òin smeoloinyo .Nmlouo yonl smgoq jmjmu`}hon kuonl*kuonl aon hm`kjrkh*hm`kjrkh yonl jojr}

emuqinaoh aon emu}sogo oqos aoyo humosi aon ruohouso jmumho smnaiui . K`mg smeoe iq}

q}los }qojo nmlouo ioòg jmuonlsonl aon jmjeino rouo |oulonyo olou jmnlmjeonlhon

aiui aon rkqmnsi*rkqmnsi jmumho. Eonq}on yonl aiemuihon gmnaohnyo rmuqojo*qojoemuq}nf}on }nq}h jmj}nlhinhon rouo |oulo nmlouo òjeoq*ò}n jmnk`knl aiui smnaiui

aon emuaiui ai oqos hohi smnaiui . Rumsiamn Ojmuiho Smuihoq Oeuogoj @inck`n rmunog

jm`}hishon q}los s}esiaimu nmlouo iq} . Sosouon `mliqij rmjmuinqog ioòg jmòh}hon eolijosyouohoq eouonl oro gou}s aiòh}hon qmqori josyouohoq qiaoh aoroq jmòh}honnyo

sojo smhoì oqo} qiaoh smeoih iq} amnlon hmjojr}on kuonl josinl*josinl. Amnlon

smloò sms}oq} yonl aoroq aiòh}hon kuonl josinl*josinl rmjmuinqog qiaoh ek`mg q}u}nqonlon .

Emuaosouhon rmuonon s}esiaimu nmlouo iq} qmuaoroq eonyoh rmuemaoon aoòj umoìsosi

q}f}on nmlouo . Rmuonon nmlouo iq} aoroq emsou aoroq hmci` sms}oi amnlon hmjojr}on

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uohyoq josinl*josinl . Oroeiò uohyoq qmòg jof} aon jojr} jmnlmjeonlhon

hmgia}ronnyo aoòj eiaonl mhknkji , sksio` , hme}aoyoon , aon òin*òin , rmuonon

nmlouo ohon emuh}uonl , smaonlhon ai nmlouo j}ao yonl smaonl emuhmjeonl rmuonon iq}eiosonyo emsou .

Hkjrmqmnsi Nmlouo

Aoui gohihoq , q}f}on aon q}los nmlouo qmusme}q ai oqos aoroq aisijr}`hon eog|o nmlouoqiaoh jogo h}oso qmqori qmueqos hmh}osoon aon hkjrqmnsinyo , yoiq} qmueoqos roao

rmòhsonoonyo u}losnyo . Smrmuqi ai}uoihon ai oqos , nmlouo aijohs}a }nq}h jmjof}hon

hmsmfogqmuoon }j}j eoih joqmuio` jo}r}n sriuiq}o` yonl emusidoq qmjrkiuo` eoli sm`}u}g

uohyoq . Nmlouo oaoòg }nq}h jmòyoni rouo |oulonyo amnlon jmnfojin olou smj}oaoroq jmnihjoqi goh*goh jmumho amnlon ojon ' qmlohnyo g}h}j aon hmoaiòn ) ,

qmujos}h goh*goh jmumho }nq}h jmnaoroqhon eouonl*eouonl aon foso*foso hme}q}gon

gia}r smrmu`}nyo , smginllo jmumho aoroq jmnlmjeonlhon aiui smuqo rkqmnsi*rkqmnsi

jmumho aon jm|}f}ahon hmsmfogqmuoon ògiu eoqin jmumho . Aio jmnfoònhon q}losnyo iq}qmu}qojo amnlon jmncirqohon hknaisi*hknaisi aon qmuqie ai jono smj}onyo iq} j}nlhin .

Hmh}osoon nmlouo aijohs}a }nq}h jmnloq}u hmh}oqon*hmh}oqon sksio` aon jmnlouoghonjmumho roao hmsmfogqmuoon }j}j . Smeoloi rmìna}nl goh*goh rouo |oulonyo , nmlouo

jmjr}nyoi hmh}osoon rmn}g aon ònls}nl . Aio aoroq jmjohso |oulo nmlouo }nq}h

jmnlgkujoqi goh*goh smsojonyo aon jmjrmueoihi rmònllouon*rmònllouon amnlon

jmjemuihon umsqiq}si oqo} jmnfojin g}h}jon . Smeoloi rukjkqmu hmsmfogqmuoon }j}j,nmlouo hmh}osoonnyo gonyoòg hknaisikno` , qiaoh ònls}nl aon emusidoq jm`mnlhori .

K`mg smeoe iq} aio qiaoh eik`mg jmòh}hon go`*go` yonl qiaoh rmu`} oqo} qiaoh e, yoiq}

smhiuonyo |oulo*|oulonyo qmòg jojr} jmòh}honnyo smnaiui oqo} smhiuonyo qinaohonnmlouo qmusme}q ohon jmònllou goh*goh |oulonyo . Amnlon amjihion nmlouo aoroq aon

|ofie jmnloaohon inqmutmnsi , qmqori goh ini aieoqosi k`mg osos s}esiaiousiqos .

Aoòj uonlho iq} nmlouo jmje}oq }naonl*}naonl aon jmòhsonohonnyo smuqo

jmnlg}h}j rmònllou*rmònllounyo . Smònf}qnyo aio jmnodsiuhon }naonl*}naonl aon

jmn}onlhonnyo `mig ònf}q aoòj qinaohon*qinaohon hmeifohsonon . ]naonl*}naonljmu}rohon souono }qojo nmlouo }nq}h jmjof}hon hmsmfogqmuoon }j}j . Aoòj }naonl*

}naonl iq} nmlouo jmjeoqosi smcouo qmurmuinci goh*goh rouo |oulonyo smeoloi jon}sio

aon |oulo nmlouo , smuqo jmnmqorhon jmhonisjm }nq}h jmnfojin olou goh*goh iq}

aigkujoqi . Smòin iq} aoòj }naonl*}naonl nmlouo jmjeoqosi qinaohon*qinaohon yonlgou}s ai oh}hon aon òuonlon*òuonlon amji hmsmfogqmuoon }j}j. Nmlouo aoroq

jmnmlohhon rmòhsonoon }naonl*}naonlnyo amnlon jmnmqorhon sohsi*sonhsi aon

jmnll}nohon hmhmuoson }nq}h jmòhsonohonnyo. Qmqori f}squ} houmno iq} hkjrmqmnsinyoqmueoqos . Nmlouo gonyo aoroq jmnl}osoi qmuqie ògiu yonl jmnloq}u qinaohon*qinaohon

ògiu smfo}g qinaohon*qinaohon iq} jmnyonlh}q goh*goh aon hmrmnqinlon*hmrmnqinlon

kuonl òin aon josyouohoq . Eoqin oqo} goqi jon}sio oaoòg ai `}ou fonlho}on aonhkjrmqmnsinyo . JocItmu jmu}j}shon hmemnouon ini . E}hon sofo houmno sidoq

}nitmuso`nyo qmqori `meig houmno rohsooon sonhsinyo , }naonl*}naonl nmlouo qmueoqos

hkjrmqmnsinyo . Ohou hmqooqon roao }naonl*}naonl e}honòg rohsoon qmqori hmjo}on

}nq}h qooq 8 noj}n }naonl*}naonl jmnlojei` emnq}h s}oq} rmuinqog. K`mg smeoe iq} aio

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gonyo aoroq jmnloq}u qmuqie ògiu josyouohoq . Hmhmuosonnyo gonyo aoroq aiqmuorhon

roao smli ògiu qinlhog òh} .

Nmlouo aon Iamk`kli

Smeoloi s}oq} kulonisosi hmjosyouohoqon , nmlouo gonyo aoroq aihmj}aihon smcouo

qmuouog aon mdisimn oroeiò oao lojeouon fmòs qmnqonl gohihoq , q}f}on , aosou aon

s}s}nonnyo . Jmumho yonl emuq}los jmny}s}n }naonl*}naonl aosou yonl ohon jmnfoaiònaoson aon rmakjon nmlouo , gou}s jmjr}nyoi hknsmrsi aosou yonl fmòs qmnqonl

nmlouo aon q}f}onnyo smuqo qmjroq |oulo nmlouo ai aoòjnyo . Hknsmrsi aosou iq} ohon

jmnfoai ònaoson aon rmakjon eoli rmjemnq}hon squ}hq}u nmlouo aon rmòhsonoon q}los

rmjmuinqog aoòj ouqi yonl `}os jo}r}n smjriq , eoli rouqisirosi uohyoq , aon eoli hmufosojo onqouo rmjmuinqog smeoloi rijrinon aon uohyoq smeoloi yonl airijrin . Amnlon

rmuhoqoon òin rouo rmnaiui nmlouo aon rmny}s}n hknsiq}sinyo gou}s jmjr}nyoi s}oq}

iamk`kly nmlouo smeoloi aosou aon rmakjon nmlouo yonl aieeonl}n . Rmnamh hoqo , olou

aoroq emud}nlsi smcouo mdisimn nmlouo gou}s jmjr}nyoi s}oq} iamk`kl ' Airky}ak ,?971 6 3 9 )

Smcouo }j}j , iamk`kli j}nlhin aoroq aiouqihon smeoloi s}oq} ronaonlon oqo} sisqmj

niòi yonl jmnym`}u}g aon jmnaoòj yonl air}nyoi aon airmlonl k`mg s}oq} josyouohoq

qmnqonl eoloijono couo yonl smeoihnyo , yoiq} smcouo jkuo` aionllor emnou aon oai` ,

jmnloq}u qinlhog òh} jmumho emusojo aoòj emueoloi smli hmgia}ron a}nio|i jmumho .Ohon qmqori , smeoloijono hiqo hmqog}i , aoòj umoìqonyo s}oq} josyouohoq jmjr}nyoi

emueoloi jocoj hm`kjrkh hmrmnqinlon yonl aiògiuhon k`mg oaonyo rmuemaoon

rmuemaoon sksio`, mhknkji , olojo oqo} mnqog oro òli . Josinl*josinl hm`kjrkh sksioìni eiosonyo jmjr}nyoi r}ò ronaonlon oqo} sisqmj niòi qmuqmnq} yonl jmumho rmlonl

smeoloi ònaoson aoòj }sogo jmumho }nq}h jmjof}hon hmrmnqinlon*hmrmnqinlon

jmumho yonl srmsidih . Ronaonlon oqo} sisqmj niòi yonl smrmuqi ini j}nlhin aoroqaionllor smeoloi s}eiamk`kli . Ai sini iamk`kly qojroh smeoloi rmnfm`joon aoui s}oq}

gosi` hknsmns}s emusojo aoui emueoloi hm`kjrkh oqo} lk`knlon hmrmnqinlon .

Hoò} foòn rmjihiuon ini hiqo ih}qi, smqiaohnyo oao qilo aijmnsi iamk`kli . Rmuqojo ,

rmncmujinon umoìqo yonl gia}r aoòj josyouohoq ai jono io j}nc}` e}oq rmuqojo

hoìnyo , roìnl h}uonl umoìqos roao sooq*sooq hmògiunyo . Amnlon hoqo òin, iamk`kly

jmu}rohon lojeouon qmnqonl smfo}g jono s}oq} josyouohoq emugosi` jmjogoji aiuinyosmnaiui 8 Hma}o, hmjojr}on jmjemuihon gouoron hmroao emueoloi hm`kjrkh , oqo}

lk`knlon yonl oao aoòj josyouohoq }nq}h jmjr}nyoi hmgia}ron emusojo smcouo `meig

eoih aon }nq}h jmjeonl}n s}oq} joso amron yonl `meig cmuog .8 Hmqilo , jmncmujinhonhmjojr}on s}oq} iamk`kly aoòj jmrmnlou}gi aon smhoìl}s jmnyms}oihon aiui amnlon

rmuq}je}gon oqo} rmuhmjeonlon josyouohoqnyo . Jmjrmnlou}gi emuouqi ih}q jm|ounoi

ruksms rmuhmjeonlon iq} , smaonlhon jmnyms}oihon aiui emuouqi eog|o josyouohoq emugosi` jmnmj}hon inqmurumsqosi*insiqmurumsqosi eou} qmugoaor niòi*niòi aosou oqo}

rkhkh aoui iamk`kly iq} sms}oi amnlon umoìqo*umoìqo eou} yonl j}nc}` aon jmumho

goaori . ' O`dion , ?9


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Rmuhmjeonlon Hkj}niqos Rkìqih

Jmn}u}q rouo ohmk`kli aon smfouog , smòjo f}qoon qog}n smfoh hmj}nc}ònnyo ai e}ji*jon}sio qiaoh jmnlmno` nmlouo . Hme}q}gon ohon oaonyo s}oq} rmnlkulonisosion

hmgia}ron hmjosyouohoqon k`mg squ}hq}u hg}s}s smrmuqi nmlouo eou} qije}` sms}aog

jon}sio jmnmj}hon qmhnih emuckckhqonoj , qinllo` jmnmqor ai s}oq} qmjroq aon j}òijmnlmjeonlhon rmj}hijon yonl hmj}aion jmnfoai hkqo*hkqo rmuqojo ai a}nio . Iq}

hiuo*hiuo roao qog}n


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Qmqori rmnlmjeonlon squ}hq}u rkìqih josyouohoq yonl gia}r aoui emue}u} aon smhmaou

jmnl}jr}hon johonon aoui oòj sonloq qmuoeqos . Eoghon hm`kjrkh*hm`kjrkh yonl

airmuqoìhon k`mg ihoqon*ihoqon hmq}u}non aon eogoso yonl sojor}n , smaihiq smhoì r}nyo|ohq} }nq}h emuh}jr}`. Aoòj hm`kjrkh emsou , jiso`nyo }nq}h rmsqo rmuho|inon ,

}rocouo*}rocouo hmolojoon , aon smeoloinyo . Qmqori hmqiho rmusmaion johonon goeis

jmumho emurmncou hmjeoì jos}h hm g}qon . G}e}nlon rk iqih yonl `knllou ini ogrmnymeoe }qojo hmqiaohjojr}on jmumho }nq}h emusoq} aon smcouo mdmhqid jmò|on

smue}on aoui hm`kjrkh josyouohoq òin yonl `meig eonyoh jmjiìhi s}ur`}s mhknkji .

Qonro s}ur`}s mhknkji jmumho jmumho qiaoh jojr} jmjeonl}n kulonisosi }nq}hjmnlmjeonlhon hmgia}ron josyouohoqnyo aon jmjrmuqogonhonnyo aoui hmgonc}uon

k`mg lonll}on aoui aoòj jo}r}n aoui `}ou .

S}ur`}s mhknkji yonl c}h}r emsou aoòj emnq}h sijronon eogon johonon eou} aoroqaicirqohon hmqiho josyouohoq j}òi jmnlmno` couo emuckckh qonoj aon rmuqmunohon ,

hiuo*hiuo =222 qog}n yonl ò`} . S}ur`}s mhknkji iniòg yonl jmj}nlhinhon

rmnlkulonisosionnyo josyouohoq smcouo `meig qmuoq}u aon rmncirqoon squ}hq}u rkìqih eou}

yonl hmj}aion emuhmjeonl jmnfoai nmlouo . Rmuonl jmnfoai hmlioqon yonljmnl}nq}nlhòn , yoiq} }nq}h jmuojros s}ur`}s yonl aiji ihi hm`kjrkh ò|on .

Rmnl}osoon oqos hm`kjrkh òin jmjrmuk`mg johno mhknkjis . Hmjmnonlon rmuonljmnlgosi`hon eouonl uojroson aon qo|onon . Jmjeiouhon qo|onon }nq}h qmqor gia}r

aon jmjohso jmumho emhmufo qmunyoqo `meig jmnl}nq}nlhon aouiroao jmje}n}g

jmumho, houmno amnlon emliq} si rmjmnonl aoroq jmnouih }rmqi smcouo emuhoò . ]rmqi

smcouo emuhoò ini hmj}aion emuhmjeonl jmnfoai smjocoj rofoh . Aon rofgoh iniògaosou mhknkji aoui rmjemnq}hon nmlouo .

Hkqo*hkqo ai `mjeog s}nloi Qiluis aon s}nloi M}duoq ai Qij}u Qmnlog aon ai OjmuihoQmnlog jmnfoai ciho` eoho` nmlouo hkqo . Io aoòj jmncoui nodhog qiaoh qmulonq}nl roao

rmnlm`kògon qonog , qmqori gia}r aoui }rmqi yonl aiaoroq aoui rmamsoon aon aoui

rmuaolonlon amnlon amso*amso iq} oqo} amnlon josyouohoq*josyouohoq òin . J}nc}`nyonmlouo hkqo oaoòg o|o` aoui j}nc}`nyo rmuoaoeon . Roao sooq iq} j}nc}` g}h}j yonl

smuoloj , yonl jmìna}nli |oulonmlouo . G}h}j jmjeoqosi qinaoh rmje}n}gon onqou

ruieoai jo}r}n onqou hm`kjrkh aon jmìna}nli goh jiìh . Rkìsi aon qmnqouo yonlaie}q}ghon }nq}h jmnfojin rmòhsonoon g}h}j aon rmnouihon rofoh f}lo r}nyo d}nlsi

òin . Jmumho jmu}rohon qmnqouo yonl jmnlmjeonlhon qmhnk`kli rmrmuonlon yonl eiso

airohoi }nq}h jmìna}nli |oulo josyouohoq aoui s}h}*s}h} eonlso yonl josig

emurinaog*rinaog aon aoui nmlouo hkqo yonl òin .

Hme}q}gon jmjrmuqogonhon aiui aoui smuonlon j}s}g aoui `}ou . Ini jmnakuknl

rmnlloe}nlon ememuoro nmlouo hkqo . Jiso`nyo , rmnlloe}nlon emueoloi nmlouo hkqoY}noni }nq}h jmnmnqonl hmh}oqon Rmusio . Hmh}oqon loe}nlon iq} smnaiui hmj}aion

emuhmjeonl jmnfoai rmnlm`kjrkhon yonl sonloq emsou aon j}nc}`nyo hmhoisouon ,

jiso`nyo hmhosoiuon Ukjo|i Hmhsoiuon Ukjo|i j}ò*j}ò j}nc}` amnlon smjonloqamjkhuosi aon emuemnq}h umr}eìh , qmqori roao ohgiunyo yonl hmj}aion jmu}sohhon

Ukjo|i aoui aoòj . Qmuku jmncirqohon hmumsogon aon jmjmcog*emòg skìaouiqos ai

hoònlon rmnl}oso . Ohgiunyo roao oeoa hm = hmhhoisouon iq} qmurmcog*rmcog aon


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j}nc}`òg }niq*}niq rkìqih yonl qmurmcog*rmcog, yonl hmj}aion amnlon sme}qon nmlouo

dm}ao` .

Sisqmj dm}ao` yonl qmurmcog*rmcog aon `knllou iq} qiaoh ais}hoi k`mg uofo*uofo yonl

emuojeisi smnquoìsosi hmh}osoon . Roao oeoa ?4 ai Mukro , uofo*uofo yonl go}s hmh}osoon

jmnmj}hon smh}hq} ai hoònlon hmòs jmnmnlog . Jkqitosi*jkqitosi josinl*josinlaoòj emnq}h hmufosojo ini rosqi emuemao . Sonl uofo emuq}f}on jmjrmuemsou |iòyog

hmh}osoonnyo, smaonl sonl rmnl}sogo emuq}f}on rosou yonl emeos aon `meig `}os . Uofo*

uofo yonl emuojeisi smnquoìsosi ini emugosi` jm|}f}ahon hminlinonyo , smginllo j}nc}`òli hmuofoon*hmuofoon h}oq emusidoq ainosqih roao oeoa hm ?< aon ?7 . Hknsmh}nmsi aoui

hmemugosiòn oaoòg |iòyog yonl gou}s ai}u}s foai `meig `}os , rmna}a}h yonl gou}s

aioq}u `meig eonyoh aon rmhmufoon rmjmuinqog foai `meig u}jiq aon `meig eonyoh fmnisnyo .

D}nlsi*d}nlsi eou} j}nc}` aon jmn}nq}q squ}hq}u*squ}hq}u eou} Oaonyo squ}hq}u eoui}iniòg yonl jmnakuknl aidmumnsiosi squ}cq}uo` `meig ònf}q aon jmnakuknl quonsdkujosi

hmo uog j}nc}`nyo nmlouo jkamun . ' Joskma aon Nosih}n , ?97< 6 12 =4 )

Hmh}osoon nmlouo yonl oesk`}q

Qmkui hknquoh sksio` oqo} qmkui rmufonfion josyouohoq emuonlloron eog|o nmlouo

aiemnq}ih emuaosouhon rmufonfion*rmufonfion josyouohoq . Qmkui ini oaoòg soòg soq} qmkui

yonl qmurmnqinl jmnlmnoi oso` }s}` nmlouo .

G}lk am Lukkq ' ?=73 ?41= )

Jmnlmnoi qije}`nyo nmlouo, smeoloijono f}lo rmnlon}q oìuon g}h}j oòj , Lukqi}s

jmnloqohon eog|o nmlouo iq} oao houmno aism`mnllouohon s}oq} rmufonfion , houmno qonro

nmlouo kuonl qiaoh aoroq jmnymòjoqhon aiui amnlon eoih .Smem`}j oao nmlouo ,hmgia}ron uohyoq hoco} houmno smqior emeos }nq}h jmòh}hon oro sofo sms}oi amnlon

hmgmnaohnyo . Aoui rmusmq}f}on iq} ògiuòg hmh}osoon }nq}h jmjmuinqog . Hmh}osoon

qmuqinlli }nq}h jmjmuinqog ini ainojohon hmao}òqon . Io airmlonl k`mg kuonl yonl qiaohq}na}h roao hmh}oson kuonl òin , smginllo io qiaoh aoroq ailonll} l}loq k`mg hmjo}on

jon}sio . . Nmlouo oaoòg emuao}òq Sirmjiìh hmao}òqon j}nlhin qmuaiui aoui soq} kuonl

oqo} `meig , yonl aiq}nf}h k`mg uohyoq ' Scgjia , ?94= 6 ?


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jmuoso qoh}q . Iq}òg ruinsir ai oqosnyo Gkeems jmjeonl}n nmlouonyo yonl smcouo qmlos

aisme}qnyo@mtioqgon .

Loloson aosou di`sodoq nmlouo Gkeems oaoòg , eog|o nmlouo gou}s '?) h}oq qonro qonainl

smginllo aoroq jmjosqihon , smrmu`}nyo jmjohsohon , hmqooqon rouo onllkqo josyouohoq

qmugoaor rmuoq}uon*rmqou}qonnyo aon '5) nmlouo gou}s jmnmqorhon s}oq} qoqonon g}h}jqmnqonlnyo emuòh}, eog|o smqior kuonl yonl qiaoh jmnqooqinyo , ohon aig}h}j joqi .

Amnlon amjihion jon}sio ohon qmqor emuoao roao fo`}u yonl emq}` amnlon qmuqie , houmno

nods}*nods} yonl hoco}} aon osksio` aiijeonli k`mg hmqoh}qon ohon hmjoqion oroeiò iojmnlih}qinyo . Smaonlhon kuonl yonl gia}r sms}oi amnlon }naonl*}naonl , aoroq gia}r

amnlon qmnquoj aon emeos aoui uoso qoh}q .

Qmqori s}royo oncojon nmlouo iq} emq}`*emq}` airmucoyoi kuonl, smqior hmj}nlhinon}nq}h noih eonainl jmò|on }naonl*}naonl nmlouo gou}s aisinlhiuhon . Amnlon hoqo

òin , nmlouo Gkeems gou}s oesk`}q sidoqnyo . Emeos aoui hm|ofieon }nq}h jmjemui

rmuqonll}nlfo|oeon hm jono r}n nmlouo jmnmuorhon }naonl*}naonl amnlon gonyo

emurmakjon roao smli mdisimnsi sksio` , Jmò|on }naonl*}naonl nmlouo kuonl qiaoh eisonoih eonainl . \oulo nmlouo qiaoh jmjiìhi goh oro r}n qmugoaor nmlouo ,jmòinhon

smj}o goh yonl aji ihinyo , aiji ihi jmò`}i nmlouo , jmò`}i }naonl*}naonl .

Aoòj nmlouo Gkeems , g}h}j jmuofo amnlon j}qòh .S}oq} rmjeoqoson hmh}osoon

emuaosouhon G}h}j Hkauoq oqo} ruinsir*ruinsir jkuo` amnlon amjihion qiaoh j}nlhin

Hmh}osoon gonyo gou}s airmuqonll}nlfo|oehon qmugoaor aiuinyo smnaiui . Soq}*soq}nyormjeoqosoeeqo oaoòg fmrmnqinlon emuònls}nlnyo smnaiui . Onaoihoqo nmlouo emuqinaoh

emuqmnqonlon amnlon }naonl*}naonlon , foai amnlon g}h}jnyo smnaiui , io ohon

jmnlgi onlhon jkqitosi rouo |oulo nmlouo }nq}h emusihor qooq hmroaonyo ' S}smnk ,5222 6 ?2 ?5 )

L\D Gmlm` ' ?


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Amnlon amjihion , q}f}on aoui lmuoh smfouog oaoòg aifm`johonnyo josyouohoq jon}sio

yonl smjr}uno . Smfouog jmu}rohon soìnl qinaoh oqo} inqmuohsi onqouo iam }nitmuso`

qmusme}q amnlon hmnyoqoon smgoui*goui yonl ohq}o` . Amnlon amjihion, oro yonl oaosmhouonl e}honòg sme}og hmnyoqoon yonl smaonl emuruksms jmnfoai sms}oq} yonl òin ,

jmnfoai sme}og hmnyoqoon yonl smaonl emuruksms jmnfoai sms}oq} yonl òin , jmnfoai

sme}og hmnyoqoon yonl iamo` .

Ruksms ini aoroq hiqo ìgoq , jiso`nyo roao sme}og eifi jonllo yonl smaonl q}je}g

jmnfoai rkgkn jonllo . Emnq}h iamo` oqo} smjr}ueno aoui sme}og eifi jonllo oaoògq}f}on ohgiunyo , yohni jmnfoai rkgkn jonllo . Eifi qmusme}q qiaoh aoroq aihoqohon

rkgkn jonllo , qmqori qiaoh f}lo eiso aiinlhoui eog|o aio ohon jmnfoai rkgkn jonllo .

Aio oaoòg rkgkn jonllo , qmqori smhoìl}s f}lo e}hon rkgkn jonllo . ]f}nl aoui

ruksms smfouog jonllo ini oaoòg j}nc}`nyo sme}og rkgkn jonllo . Rkgkn jonllooaoòg q}f}on aoui ruksms qmusme}q , smrmuqi go`nyo josyouohoq jon}sio yonl smjr}uno

oaoòg q}f}on aoui ruksms smfouog }joq jon}sio . Aio`mhqiho onqouo oao 'eifi jonllo ) aon

qioao ' rkgkn jonllo yonl em`}j oao ) aifm`johon aoòj ruksms jmnfoai ' ruksms emuoìg

hm rkgkn jonllo )

Aoòj di`sodoq Gmlm` , smfouog emulmuoh hm s}oq} q}f}on ohgiu qmuqmnq} . Amnlon amjihion , ruksms smfouog emusidoq amqmujinisqih , ouqinyo , q}f}onnyo ss}aog qmuqmnq} . Smfouog

jmu}rohon ruksms hmgia}ron jon}sio }nq}h jmògiuhon josyouohoq jon}sio yonl

smjr}uno ai }f}nl ruksms smfouog iq} . Josyouohoq yonl smhouonl e}honòg jmu}rohoq

yonl iamo` ' houmno em`}j smjr}uno ) , qmqori aio oaoòg josyouohoq jon}sio ' houmnoohon jmnfoai jon}sio smjr}uno qmnq}nyo ) . Hmoaoon hmgia}ron jon}sio ohon jmnfoai

`meig eoih smronfonl rmufoònon smfouognyo .

]nq}h iq} aio jmjemui cknqkg . Ai fojon a}`} , gonyo oao soq} kuonl yonl emuh}oso ,

yohni aoòj rmjmuinqogon jknouhi . Hmj}aion , ememuoro kuonl emuh}oso aoòj sisqij

kìlouhi . Smhouonl , aon ai hmj}aion goui , sisqmj sksio` rkìqih yonl ohon j}nc}` aonjmnfoai `msqoui oaoòg amjkhuosi ,hmqiho smj}o kuonl emuh}oso . Ini og josyouohoq

jon}sio yonl smjr}uno , yonl ohon jmnfm`jo ai }f}nl smfouog jon}sio . Amnlon

amjihion , smfouog smemnounyo emulmuoh hmouog rmjmuamhon jon}sio , ai jono sme}ogjosyouohoq yonl jmuamho aifm`johon .

Hmj}aion Gmlm` jmnyoqohon eog|o nmlouo jmu}rohon rmnfm`joon aoui iam yonl

}nitmuso` ini . Smaonlhon inaitia} jmu}rohon rmnfm`joon aoui yonl rouqih}òu , aoòjemnq}h hmrmnqinlon yonl smjriq . Nmlouo jmjrmuf}onlhon hmrmnqinlon yonl `meig emsou,

yohni jmumoìsosihon iam emsou yonl jmnfoai q}f}on aoui lmuoh smfouoh }joq jon}sio .

Nmlouoòg yonl ohon jmnfoai olmn smfouog }nq}h jmjeonq} jon}sio yonl smhouonl emuruksms jmnfoai jon}sio yonl eiso jmncirqohon josyouohoq yonl smjr}uno ai

hmj}aion goui . Hminlinon nmlouo jmu}rohon hminlinon }j}j }nq}h hmeoihon smj}o

kuonl . Houmno iq}òg , nmlouo gou}s airoq}gi .

Oqos aosou iniòg Gmlm` emurmnaoroq eog|o nmlouo jkamun jmji ihi goh }nq}h

jmjohsohon hminlinonnyo hmroao |oulonyo . Houmno nmlouo jm|ohiì hminlinon }j}j

nmlouo jmu}rohon jonidmsqosi aoui sms}oq} yonl iamo` aon }nitmuso` . Amnlon jmjoq}gi

?2


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nmlouo , inaitia} yonl jmnfoai |oulo nmlouo qmusme}q smaonl aiemeoshon aoui

hmricihonnnyo yonl gonyo jmjrmuf}onlhon hmrmnqinlon aiuinyo yonl smjriq . Nmlouo

oaoòg rmnfm`joon aoui hmjmuamhoon uosikno` , yonl jmnyoqohon aiuinyo aoòj emnq}hyonl keymhqid . Houmno iq} , nmlouo oao ai oqos josyouohoq , `meig }qojo aon `meig qinlli

aouiroao josyouohoq yonl aieo|oginyo .' E}aijon , ?99< 6 ?1 ?< )

Hmh}osoon nmlouo yonl qmueoqos

Smfoh gojriu a}o uie} qog}n yonl ò`} s}aog qmusmaio f}lo qilo skhk l}u} di`sodoq nmlouo .

Rmuqojo , hmyohinon yonl roao gohmhoqonyo emusidoq umìli}s , eog|o nmlouo qiaoh

emugoh }nq}h jmn}nq}q hmqooqon j}qòh 6 jon}sio gou}s `meig qooq hmroao O`òg aouiroao

hmroao jon}sio . Hma}o , eog|o nmlouo aoòj jmnfoònhon q}losnyo qmuihoq roao nkujo*nkujo mqis ai jono iam hmoaiòn oaoòg yonl roìnl aosou . Hmqilo , eog|o hmh}osoon

nmlouo gou}s jmnloìu jmò`}i fo`}u*fo`}u s}sq} sisqmj g}h}j .

Qgkjos O}inos ' ?55= ?5


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amji hmrmnqinlonnyo smnaiui , io jmònllou rmufonfion . Amnlon amjihion rmufonfion ini

qiaoh emuòh} òli .

]nq}h jmncmlog qije}`nyo qiuonis ini hmh}osoon gmnaohnyo aioq}u smamjihion u}ro

smginllo uofo qiaoh jmjiìhi hmsmjroqon }nq}h jmnaiuihon rmjmuinqogon yonl amsrkqih .

Smhoìl}s hmh}osoonnyo gou}s aieoqosi smamjihion u}ro smginllo uofo qiaoh j}aog aoroqjmnfoai qiuon ' S}smnk , 5222 6 4 < )

Fkgn @kchm ' ?435 ?


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ìemuoìsjm @kchm amnlon jmnmhonhon goh*goh inaitia} qmu}qojo goh jiìh . Q}los

nmlouo oaoòg jm ina}nli goh ji ih aon rofoh gou}sòg smjinijo` j}nlhin qonro

jmjrmua}ìhon hmsmfogqmuoon aon umsquie}si .Dumauuicg Goymh aon Ji`qkn Duimajonjmìgoq eog|o inqmutmnsi nmlouo jmu}rohon amoa gona yonl jmnl}uonli hkjrmqisi ,

mdisimnsi aon ruka}hqitiqos . Nm| Uilgqemurmnaoroq eog|o q}los nmlouo aoòj eiaonl

mhknkji gonyo qmueoqos roao a}o d}nlsi 6 jmjrmuqogonhon souono rmuq}houon yonl sqoei`' indòsi umnaog oqo} vmuk ) , aon jmninlhoqhon hkjrmqisi jmò`}i rmnamnaoìon hmh}oqon

jknkrkì , rmnmnq}on goulo aon òin*òin .

F.F . Uk}ssmo} ' ?


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Nmlouo 6 Jmòyoni hmrmnqinlon sioro ;

Hou` Jouw ' ?7?7 ?773 )

.

Jmn}u}q Hou` Jouw nmlouo qiaoh jmnloeai hmroao hmrmnqinlon sm`}u}g josyouohoq ,jmòinhon gonyo jmòyoni hmrmnqinlon hmòs*hmòs sksio` qmuqmnq} sofo . Nmlouo smcouo

gohihi jmu}rohon oòq aoòj qonlon hmòs*hmòs oqos }nq}h jmjrmuqogonhon hma}a}hon

jmumho .. Aoòj s}oq} josyouohoq yonl s}nll}g*s}nll}g jon}sio|i , yonl emeos aouirmnl}oson hmòs , nmlouo qiaoh jmjr}nyoi d}nlsi òli

Foai nmlouo rmuqojo*qojo qiaoh emuqinaoh amji hmrmnqinlon }j}j , jmòinhon amji

hmrmnqinlon hmòs*hmòs oqos . Nmlouo e}honòg sonl |osiq yonl nmquo` yonl jm`muoirmusmìsigon*rmusmìsigon yonl qije}` aoòj josyouohoq smcouo oai` smuqo jmnl}sogohon

hmsmfogqmuoon }j}j . Foai nmlouo qiaoh nmquo`, qmqori smò`} emurigoh .Nmlouo emuq}f}on

}nq}h jmjrmuqogonhon syouoq*syouoq hmgia}ron aon hmh}osoon hmòs emuh}oso qmugoaor

hmòs yonl aih}osi smcouo rohso . Joho hmeonyohon hmeifohon aoroq sofo emuqinaoh amjihmrmnqinlon sm`}u}g josyouohoq . Qmqori qinaohon ini r}n amji hmrmnqinlon hmòs oqos ,

houmno hmòs oqos r}n qiaoh aoroq jmjrmuqogonhon aiui , oroeiò hmgia}ron josyouohoq roao }j}jnyo qiaoh emufoòn . Hoò} smhoì*smho i nmlouo jmnloaohon rmueoihon*

rmueoihon sksio` , go` iq} oaoòg }nq}h jmnmnonlhon uohyoq aon }nq}h jmjem`khhon

rmugoqionnyo aoui q}nq}qon*q}nq}qon rmu}eogon yonl `meig d}naojmnqo` . Nmlouor}uo*r}uo

emuqinaoh oqos nojo hmsmfgoqmuoon sm`}u}g uohyoq , qmqori smemnounyo iq} gonyo siosoq}nq}h jmnlmòe}i hmòs*hmòs rmhmufo .' S}smnk , ?999 6 ?52 ?5? )

Nmlouo gonyo aie}q}ghon roao rmuj}òon sksioìsjm .Smeoloi ònlhog rmuqojo aiaiuihonaihqohq}u ruk`mqouioq , ai jono ho}j e}u}g jmjosqihon eog|o ho}j horiqoìs qiaoh aoroq

eonlhiq òli . Sms}aog siso horiqoìs jm`me}u amnlon ho}j e}u}g , josyouohoq sm`}u}gnyo

gonyo qmuaiui aoui e}u}g sofo , foai s}aog qiaoh oao hmòs*hmòs yonl emuemao òli . Siq}osiini roao rmuj}òon jmjonl josig qonll}nl smòjo em`}j smj}o e}u}g

jmnlmjeonlhon hmquojr}òn*hmquojriòn aon hmcohoron*hmcohoron }nitmuso` yonl

aie}q}ghon olou rmjeolion hmufo , eionl hmòai goh jiìh ruieoai aoroq aioqosi . Eou}sms}aog iq} smqior kuonl aoroq emhmufo amnlon emeos aon humoqid . Aoòj josyouohoq

hkj}nis , ai jono josinl*josinl kuonl qiaoh qmueoqos roao eiaonl hmlioqon mhsh`}sid ,

jmòinhon aoroq jmncoroi hmcohoron aoòj eiaonl oro r}n f}lo , josyouohoq jmnloq}u

ruka}hsi }j}j , amnlon iq} jmj}nlhinhon eog|o ini aihmufohon goui ini , iq} emskh ,roli goui emue}u} , sionl goui jmjoncinl ihon , skum goui jmjmìgouo qmunoh , sms}aog

johon jmnlmuqih .

Iniòg sooq ai jono*jono nmlouo oòq rmninaos hmòs oqos qmugoaor hmòs eo|og , qiaoh

airmu`}hon houmno qiaoh oao òli yonl aoroq aiqinaos . Nmlouo qiaoh aigor}s , io joqi

amnlon smnaiuinyo ' S}smnk , ?999 6 549 5


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ai eo|og @}is Eknorouqm , Jouw jmìgoq eog|o nmlouo jmnlojei` qinaohon*qinaohon

jmò|on hmrmnqinlon ho}j ekuf}is . Joho qije}` josoòg , eoloijono oòq eiso

jmò|on q}onnyo ; Amnlon rmuhoqoon òin , eoloijono eiso aifmòshon oaonyo hmeifohonhmeifohon sme}og nmlouo horiqoìs yonl qiaoh sms}oi amnlon hminlinon ho}j horiqoìs iq}

smnaiui ;

Rmnmìqion yonl `meig qmurmuinci qmugoaor nmlouo @k}is Eknorouqms ini jmjemuihon go`*go`

yonl eou} yonl jmnouih eoli Jouw . Oaohoònyo , qmufoai s}oq} hmoaoon ai jono ho}j

horiqoìs yonl jmjihiuhon hm}nq}nlon fonlho rmnamh sofo , qiaoh soaou ohon hmh}oqonjmumho. Hoò} hminlinon jmumho aiq}u}qi , oao hmj}nlhinon ho}j e}u}g jmjemuknqoh

Ohieoqnyo, e}hon sofo ho}j horiqoìs j}nlhin aigonc}uhon , qori f}lo sisqmj horiqoìs iq}

smnaiui . Houmno iq} , nmlouo horiqoìs yonl jmjihiuhon nosie sisqmj horiqoìsjm aoòj

fonlho ronfonl , gou}s emuqinaoh jmò|on hmricihon ronaonlon aouqi ho}j horiqoìs ini .Joho qmufoaiòg oro yonl ainojohon smeoloi Nmlouo Eknorouqis , Nmlouo Eknoroumqis

oaoòg nmlouo horiqoìs yonl jmnfoai jonaiui aoui ihoqon hmrmnqinlon ònls}nl aoui hmòs

yonl emuh}oso , amji jmnym`mjoqhon sisqmj horiqoìsjm smcouo hmsm`}u}gon . Nmlouo

Eknorouqis qmufoai houmno hmoaoon aou}uoq ai jono hmòs yonl emuh}oso oao aoòj rksisiyonl `mjog jmnlgoaori oncojon hmòs yonl aimhsr`kiqosinyo .

Amnlon jmòh}hon qinaohon*qinaohon yonl emuqmnqonlon amnlon hmrmnqinlon ho}j

horiqo is , joho Nmlouo Eknorouqis eiso jmnyoqohon eog|o aio jm|ohi i smj}o

lk`knlon aon emuqinaoh amji hmrmnqinlon josyouohoq smcouo hmsm`}u}gon . ,sms}aog

nmlouo jmnfoai h}oq hmjeoì. Sms}aog hmoaoon aou}uoq `m|oq , eou} hmj}aion nmlouo eisojmnloeai òli hmroao ho}j horiqoìs . Houmno iq} , smrmuqi yonl aihoqohon Jouw, Nmlouo

Eknorouqis oaoòg soq}*soq}nyo emnq}h nmlouo yonl j}nlhin aoòj s}oq} hmoaoon ai

jono ho}j ekuf}is s}aog aihoòghon , aon ho}j e}u}g em`}j c}h}r h}oq }nq}hjmnl}osoi nmlouo .' E}aijon , ?975 6 9 ?2 )

Qori, hknsmr jmnlmnoi nmlouo Eknorouqis ini f}lo aionllor `mjog . Hknsmr ini josigaoòj hmuonlho rmjihiuon eog|o nmlouo josig smhmaou oòq , jmshir}n e}hon oòq aoui

ruieoai*ruieoai ho}j horiqoìs òli , jmòinhon oòq aoui sms}oq} yonl `meig oesqouh 8

sisqmj . Qori qmqor aihmsonhon eog|o smohon*ohon oao smjocoj hkjr`kqon onoqouonmlouo amnlon ho}jh horiqo is . Aoòj hmnyoqonnyo , rouo mìq nmlouo jmnlojei`

hmr}q}son smcouo jonaiui, qonro rmu`} emuhkns}`qosi amnlon ho}j horiqoìs , aon f}lo

qiaoh amnlon hmsoaouon eog|o hmr}q}son*hmr}q}son iq} ohon jmnl}nq}nlhon sisqmj

horiqoìsjm . Jmumho jmnlojei` hmr}q}son emuaosouhon rmuqijeonlon*rmuqijeonlon rkìqih , e}hon mhknkji . Qori jmjonl emnou f}lo eog|o aoòj hmnyoqoonnyo ,

hmr}q}son*hmr}q}son nmlouo aoòj josyouohoq horiqoìs smcouo hmsm`}u}gon smò`}

jmnl}nq}nlhon horiqoìsjm , eoih ho}jnyo jo}r}n sisqmjnyo . Joho qije}` rmuskoòneoloijono smemnunyo g}e}nlon onqouo rkìqih aon mhknkji .

Ho}j R`}uoìs

Emuemao amnlon Jouwisjm , ho}j r`}uoìs jmnkòh qmsis ho}j Jouwis yonl jmnyoqohon

eog|o nmlouo smhmaou oòq aoui hmòs yonl akjinon . Qmqori jmumho smq}f} eog|o nmlouo

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roao aosounyo e}hon `mjeolo yonl rmnqinl , houmno qiaoh jonaiui . Hmeifohonnyo aioq}u

k`mg hmh}oqon ai `}ounyo .

Jmn}u}q ho}j R`}uo is , nmlouo jmu}rohon oòq aoui josyouohoq . Ini og hmh}oqon

mhsqmuno` yonl jmnloq}u nmlouo . Qmqori emuemao amnlon Jouwisjm yonl jmnloqohon

eog|o josyouohoq aiakjinosi k`mg soòg soq} hmòs , ho}j R`}uoìs emurmnaoroq eog|o aijosyouohoq oao eonyoh hm`kjrkh yonl emuemao hmrmnqinlonnyo. Qiaoh oao hm`kjrkh

yonl qmuò`} akjinon . ]nq}h jmnfoai joykuiqos , hmrmnqinlon yonl emuoloj ini

jmòh}hon hkjrukji Jiso`nyo, rmnl}osogo jmnlinlinhon rofoh yonl uinlon . Smaonlho}j rmhmufo jmnlinlinhon rofoh yonl qinlli eoli kuonl hoyo , s}royo nmlouo eiso

jmjeioyoi rukymh*rukymh sksio`nyo. Hmj}aion , oao òli hm`kjrkh ijiluon yonl

jmnlinlinhon s}royo rukymh sksio` eiso jmjeonq} jmumho f}lo . Smj}o hmrmnqinlon ini

gou}s aihkjrukjihon . Rkìqih}s yonl eiso jmje}oq sme}og dkuj}ò ai jonohmrmnqinlon smeolion emsou josyouohoq qmurmn}gi , aioòg yonl ohon jmnaoroqhon

hmrmucoyoon }nq}h jmjijrin nmlouo . Aioòg yonl jmnfoai akjinon , houmno eiso

jmnlhkjrukjihon emueoloi hmrmnqinlon hm`kjrkh yonl oao ai josyouohoq .

Aoui }uoion ai oqos qojroh eog|o jmshir}n hmsijr}òn yonl aicoroi k`mg rmnlon}q qmkui

nmlouo r`}uoìs emuenmao amnlon hmsijr}òn rouo rmjihiu Jouwis , yohni eog|o nmlouo e}hon ji ih soq} lk`knlon qmqori 'umòqid ) smj}o lk`knlon yonl oao ai aoòj

josyouohoq , qmqori aoòj soq} go` hma}onyo sojo 6 nmlouo gonyo jmu}rohon oòq aoui

hm`kjrkh*hm`kjrkh yonl oao ai josyouohoq . Nmlouo jmu}rohon `mjeolo yonl qiaoh

jonaiui . Aio c}jo smhmaou oòq .

Gonyo sofo , eoli ho}j R`}uoìs , nmlouo jmòyoni hmrmnqinlon emueoloi hm`kjrkh yonl

oao . Gojriu qiaoh j}nlhin soq} hm`kjrkh sofo yonl smcouo mhsh`}sid jmnl}osoi nmlouo ,smrmuqi yonl ainyoqohon k`mg ho}j Jouwis . Smj}o hmh}oqon yonl oao ai josyouohoq ,

smaihiq eonyoh jmjiìhi onai` aoòj jmniqirhon hmrmnqinlnyo roao nmlouo . Jmjonl oao

hm`kjrkh oqo} hm`kjrkh*hm`kjrkh òinnyo , smginllo hmrmnqinlonnyo `meig eonyohyonl emugosi` aiqiqirhon . Qmqori }nq}h qmqor jmjrmuqogonhon akjinosinyo , aio gou}s

f}lo jmjrmugoqihon hmrmnqinlon*hmrmnqinlon hm`kjrkh òin . Aon hoò} ini qmufoai , jo}

qiaoh jo} , nmlouo jmnaosouhon hmeifohonnyo roao r`}uoìsjm hmrmnqinlon yonl oao aijosyouohoq .

L\D Gmlm`

Ronaonlon Gmlm` oloh emuemao amnlon hma}o ronaonlon ai oqos . Smrmuqi s}aog ai

}uoihon smem`}jnyo , Gmlm` emurmnaoroq eog|o nmlouo e}hon jmu}rohon oòq aouijosyouohoqnyo. Aio jmu}rohon oòq aoui aiuinyo smnaiui . Nmlouo jmjr}nyoi jisinyo

smnaiui , yohni jisi smfouog }nq}h jmncirqohon josyouohoq yonl `meig eoih aouiroao

yonlg oao smhouonl . Houmno iq}òg , nmlouo gou}s airoq}gi k`mg |oulonyo , e}honsmeoìhnyo . Smeoloi `mjeolo ai oqos josyouohoq , nmlouoòg yonl qog} oro yonl eoih

eoli josyouohoq smcouo hmsm`}u}gon .

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Eoli Gmlm` , hmh}osoon nmlouo aioeaihon eoli hmeoihon josyouohoq , amnlon

jmjeijeinl josyouohoq yonl smhouonl jmn}f} hm josyouohoq yonl smjr}uno ai joso

aoqinl . Amnlon amjihion , nmlouo eiso sofo emuqmnqonlon amnlon josyouohoq smhouonl .Ei o ini qmufoai , Gmlm` cmnamu}nl jmnyoqohon eog|o nmlouoòg yonl gou}s

aijmjonlhon, houmno nmlouo jmnaosouhon hmeifohonnyo . Eoli hmrmnqinlon r}eìh ,

smaonlhon josyouohoq siri` qmurmcog emòg aon gonyo jmjrmuf}onlhon hmrmnqinlon ruieoai oqo} lk`knlonnyo sofo. Nmlouo eiso jmìgoq fo}g hm amron , smaonlhon

josyouohoq gonyo jm igoq hmrmnqinlonnyo smnaiui smnaiui yonl emusidoq smsooq aon

emufonlho rmnamh .

Hknsmr Gmlm` qmnqonl nmlouo smeoloi `mjeolo yonl jmnloqosi josyouohoq aon

jmjeo|o hmeoihon eoli josyouuohoq qmnq} sofo qiaoh k`mg huiqih aouqi Jouw . Aio qmqor

emuhmjeonl ai hoònlon qmuqmnq} , qmu}qojo ai hoònlon rmjihiu*rmjihiu rkìqih Hoqkìh .Jiso`nyo aoòj rmunyoqoon Ro}s Ri}s WII yonl ainojohon S}jji Rknqidicoq}s roao

qog}n ?939 ' emuf}a}` D}nlsi aoui nmlouo ai a}nio jkamun ), ainyoqohon eog|o

oaoòg goh aon hm|ofieon yonl ol}nl aoui nmlouo emugoh }nq}h jmnlmnao ihon ,

jmjeonq} , aon jmnlouoghon hmlioqon*hmlioqon ruieoai aon hmlioqon*hmlioqonrmukuonlon aoòj s}oq} hmgia}ron nosikno` smginllo jmumho eiso emhmufo sojo smcouo

goujknis jmn}f} hmroao s}oq} hmrmnqinlon emusojo . Qojroh fmòs ai sini hknsmrnmlouo yonl jmnloqosi josyouohoq , aon d}nlsinyo }nq}h jmjeo|o hmeoihon emusojo .

Hknsmr ini hmj}aion jmnfoai aosou eoli qmkui Nmlouo Kulonis . Ai sini , nmlouo aionllor

nmquo` , houmno jmjemò hmrmnqinlon }j}j .

Ronaonlon Gmlm` aon qmkui*qmkui yonl jmnlih}qi aon jmnlmjeonlhon ronaonlon ini

jmjonl jmu}rohon aosou eoli qmuemnq}hnyo nmlouo*nmlouo hiqo yonl smuinlhoì emusidoq

kqkuiqmu , eoghon qkqoìqmu .

Nmlouo kulonis oaoòg nmlouo yonl r}nyo hmjo}on aon hmrmnqinlon smnaiui aon

jmòh}hon inqmutmnsi hm aoòj hmgia}ron josyouohoq . Jmn}u}q hknsmrnyo hmjoj}onaon hmrmnqinlon smnaiui aoui nmlouo oaoòg hmsmfogqmuoon aon hmjof}on josyouohoq

qmusme}q . Hknsmr aoui hmeoihon }j}j , amnlon hmgou}son jkuo` yonl aiemeonhon

hmroao nmlouo }nq}h jmnym`mnllouohon hmsmfogqmuoon josyouohoq , jmje}hohmsmjroqon eoli nmlouo }nq}h jmu}j}shon aon amnlon insioqid smnaiui , jmjohso

rmu}eogon*rmu}eogon emsou hmroao sme}og josyouohoq eou} yonl s}aog joron s}royo

aoroq aicirqohon sme}og josyyouohoq yonl `meig eoih .

Roao qiqih ini, rmu`} aicoqoq eog|o ho}j Jouwis nmlouo smò`} jmu}rohon oòq aoui hmòs

yonl emuh}oso . Houmno iq} , jmumho emu}sogo jmncirqohon nmlouo yonl aih}osoi ho}j

e}u}g }nq}h jmjemnq}h josyouohoq hkj}nis . Hknsmr aihqohqku ruk`mqouioq aiaosouhonroao ronaonlon ini , yohni sme}og nmlouo qkqoìqmu yonl gou}s airoq}gi k`mg |oulonyo ,

}nq}h jmumo isosihon jisinyo jmncirqohon nmlouo hkj}nis . Ai sini , rmjihiuon

Jouwisjm jmnfoai sojo amnlon Gmlmìonisjm . Hma}onyo jmnloqohon eog|o nmlouojmu}rohon `mjeolo yonl ohon jmnl}eog josyouohoq yonl oao jmnfoai sme}og

josyouohoq yonl iamo` . Gonyo , hoò} eoli Gmlm` josyouohoq iamo` oaoòg josyouohoq ai

jono smj}o |oulonyo emeos, eoli Jouw josyouohoq qmusme}q oaoòg josyouohoq hkj}nis

ai jono mhsr`kiqos fmòs qiaoh òli qmufoai ' E}aijon , ?99< 6 =< 4? )

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Jmnloro nmlouo aih}osi hm`kjrkh qmuqmnq} ;

Qkmui Jouwis hòsih jmnfo|oenyo amnlon lojeònl . Nmlouo oaoòg roniqio yonljmnl}u}si hmrmnqinlon ho}j ekuf}is . Nmlouo gonyoòg oòq aoui ho}j ekuff}is . Nmlouo

oaoòg oòq aoui hmòs yonl emuh}oso . Qmqori , houmno rmjigohon smrmuqi ini eiso jmje}oq

nmlouo hmgiònlon hmoesogonnyo smeoloi rmnl}oso sme}og josyouohoq , nmlouo jmje}oqsme}og iamk`kli . Jmò`}i iamk`kli iq} nmlouo emu}sogo jmnymje}nyihon rmue}oqonnyo

yonl emurigoh roao hmòs yonl akjinon , s}royo hmh}osoonnyo jmnaoroqhon `mliqijosi

aoui sm`}u}g uohyoqnyo .

Qmqori, emnouhog nmlouo gonyo smhmaou jmu}rohon oòq aoui hmòs yonl akjinon ;

Emnouhog nmlouo qiaoh jmjiìhi hmh}osoon smnaiui yonl eiso airohoi }nq}h qiaoh jmnfoai

smhoaou rms}u}g aoui hmòs yonl akjinonq iq} .

Uo`rg Jiìeona

Ememuoro qmkui emurmnaoroq eog|o oaoòg qmuò`} smamugono }nq}h jmnyoqohon eog|o

nmlouo c}jo smhoaou oòq joqi aoui hmòs yonl akjinon . Ini, jiso`nyo, ainyoqohon k`mgUo`rg Jiìeona . Smkuonl Jouwis Inlluis iq} jmnckeo jmnfmòshon eog|o mìq nmlouo

sojo smhoì qiaoh emuhkjr`kq amnlon ho}j horiqoìs . Jmumho jmje}oq aon jmnfoònhon

hmeifohnon*hmeifohon smocouo jonaiui , j}uni oqos rmuqijeonlon*rmuqijeonlon rkìqih .

Qori aoòj sme}og nmlouo horiqoìs , ho}j horiqoìs jmjr}nyoi g}e}nlon*g}e}nlonyonl `meig amhoq smcouo ruieoai amnlon mìq nmlouo aieonainlhon amnlon ho}j e}u}g

oqo} rmqoni . Jmumho smuinl emuqmj} aoòj rmsqo rmsqo emsou , aoòj kògoulo smrmuqi

join lk`d , aoòj hknrmumnsi*hknrmumnsi inqmunosikno` , aon smeoloinyo . G}e}nlonsmjocoj ini ini ruohqis qmuq}q}r eoli ho}j e}u}g aon rmqoni . Houmno iq} , jmn}u}q

Ji ieona , hmsoògon qmkui ho}j R`}uo is oaoòg e}honòg roao }sogonyo }nq}h

jmje}hqihon eog|o aoòj hmnyoqonnyo jmjonl qmufoai rmusoinlon emeos ' }nq}hjmjrmnlou}gi hmeiofohon hmeifohon nmlouo ), qori roao rmunyoqoonnyo 'smuinlhoì

jmu}rohon os}ji 'ijrìsiqnyo ) eog|o hm`kjrkh*hm`kjrkh hmrmnqinlon yonl }qojo

ai aoòj josyouohoq , hg}s}snyo ho}j horiqoìs aon ho}j e}u}g , emusoinl smcouo sojoh}oq , aon houmno iq} jmumho eiso emugosi` }nq}h jmjrmuk`mg hm}nq}nlon*hm}nq}nlon

yonl rmnqinl aon rmujonmn eoli rigohnyo josinl*josinl aoòj sme}og ruksms

rmusoinlon .

Hmamhoqon sksio` onqouo ho}j horiqoìs aon mìq ai nmlouo ai sme}og nmlouo horiqoìs iniòg

yonl jmje}oq ho}j horiqoìs j}aog jmjrmnlou}gi hmr}q}son*hmr}q}son mìq nmlouo .

Houmno iq} , hmeifohoon nmlouo eiosonyo smò`} jmnl}nq}nlhon ho}j horiqoìs .

Qmkui Ji ieona ini , jmjemuihon rmuon emsou roao hmsonll}ron ho}j horiqo is }nq}h

jmje}f}h mìq nmlouo eog|o hmrmnqinlonnyo oaoòg sojo amnlon hmrmnqinlon sm`}u}g|oulo . Dohqku hmamhoqon rsihk`klis onoqou hma}o rmuon yonl rmnqinl .

Qmkui Jiìeona ini , hmj}aion jmnaoroq huiqih aoui qmkui squ}hq}uo` qmnqonl nmlouo .

Jmn}u}q Nicks Rk}ònqvos , yonl jm|ohiì oìuon Jouwis yonl squ}hq}uoìs , nmlouo

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emud}nlsi }nq}h jmnfolo sqoeiìqos sksio`*rkìqih aoòj sme}og josyouohoq horiqoìs smò`}

ohon jmnl}nq}nlhon ho}j ekuf}is Houmno , }nq}h eiso jmncirqohon sqoeiìqos , nmlouo

gou}s jmjemò ho}j ekuf}is }nq}h jmnlmjeonlhon aiuinyo . Go` ini aismeoehon houmnonmlouo jmò`}i sisqmj rmurofohon jmjrmuk`mg rmnaoroqnyo 'qmu}qojo ) aoui hmemugosiòn

ho}j ekuf}is }nq}h jmnlmjeonlhon jkao`nyo . Ei o ho}j ekuf}is lolo`

jmnlmjeonlhon aiuinyo , nmlouo ohon jmnlgoaori rmujosoògon .

Amnlon amjihion , eiò nmlouo jmnk`knl rmuhmjeonlon ho}j ekuf}is aoòj sme}og

sisqmj horiqoìs , eiò nmlouo jmjemuihon eonyoh dosiìqos hmroao ho}j ini , go` iniaiòh}hon e}hon houmno nmlouo jmnfoai oòq ' smrmuqi yonl aihoqohon k`mg qmkui Jouwis

hòsih ), oqo} nmlouo jmjr}nyoi hmamhoqon sksio` aon rsihk`klis amnlon ho}j ekuf}is

' smrmuqi yonl aihoqohon k`mg Jiìeona ) . Qmqori , smj}o ini qmurohso aiòh}hon houmno

hme}q}gon squ}cq}uo` nmlouo iq} smnaiui .

Soòg smkuonl aoui ogì i`j} sksio` j}ao , Duma E`kch , jmjemuihon hkjrknmn yonl

`meig sq}hq}uo` , aoòj jmnfmòshon hmeifohon*hmeifohon nmlouo yonl jmnl}nq}nlhon

ho}j horiqoìs , roaogo` nmlouo jmjiìhi hmjonaiuion yonl emsou . Jmn}u}q E`kch ,sisqmj horiqoìsjm eiso emufoòn hoò} '?) rmnlmjeonlon coriqo` ' coriqo` occ}j}òqikn )

aij}nlhinhon, aon '5) sisqmj horiqoìsjm eiso jmumruka}hsihon aiuinyo smcouo qmu}sjmnmu}s . Nmlouo aoòj sisqmj horiqoìsjm aij}nlhinhon gia}r hoò} oao rmjos}hon

yonl c}h}r aoui rofoh qmugoaor jkao` . Houmno iq}, mhsisqmnsi nmlouo sonloq emuhoiqon

amnlon rmnlmjeonlon jkao` qiaoh qmulonll} hoò} sisqmj horiqoìsjm eiso `msqoui .

Amnlon amjihion , d}nlsi aoui nmlouo oaoòg 6 '?) jmncirqohon hknaisi smginllormnlmjeonlon jkao` eiso emufoòn amnlon eoih ' E`kch jmnojohon ini smeoloi q}los

nmlouo }nq}h jmncirqohon e}sinmss ckndiamncm eoli ho}j horiqoìs , akjmsqih jo}r}n

osinl ) 8 '5) jmuoqohon hmhoyoon smc}h}rnyo s}royo ho}j e}u}g eiso jmjruka}hsiaiuinyo aon f}lo qiaoh jmje}oq g}u}*gouo yonl ohon jmu}soh e}sinmsss ckndiamncm 8 '3)

emurmuon smeoloi rkìsi }nq}h jmncmlog lonll}on*lonll}on qmugoaor sisqmj yonl oao ,

smuqo f}lo jmnlmjeonlhon sme}og iamk`kli yonl jmje}oq ho}j e}u}g jmuosoairmuòh}hon oai` aoòj sisqmj yonl smemnounyo jmnl}nq}nlhon ho}j horiqoìs .

Amnlon jkam`nyo ini , joho E`kch emugosi` jmjos}hon hkjrknmn squ}hq}uo` aoòjonoìsonyo . Hmr}q}son nmlouo yonl jmnl}nq}nlhon ho}j aon sisqmj horiqoìs qiaoh òli

ai igoq smeoloi ohieoq hmamhoqon sksio` onqouo ho}j horiqoìs aon mìq nmlouo , qori

jmu}rohon hmqmueoqoson squ}hq}uo` aoui nmlouo . Ho}j horiqoìs eiso qoh }sog

emug}e}nlon amnlon mìq nmlouo , qori s}aog gojriu airosqihon nmlouo yonl oao aoòjsme}og josyouohoq horiqoìs ohon jmnlm`}ouhon hmeifohon*hmeifohon yonl

jmnl}nq}nlhon ho}j ini . Houmno roao aosounyo , mhsisqmnsi nmlouo smcouo squhcq}uo`

emuhoiqon amnlon sisqmj horiqoìs iq} smnaiui

Am|nlon qmkuinyo ini, Rk}ònqvos aon E`kch emugosi` jmje}oq ohqku*ohqku nmlouo

jmnfoai ohqku ohqku yonl g}e}nlon rmuskno` amnlon ho}j ekuf}is . Hoò}r}n jmumhojmnfoònhon hmeifohon yonl jmnl}nq}nlhon ho}j ekuf}is , go` ini qmufoai houmno

hme}q}gon sisqmj oqo} squ}hq}unyo . ' E}aijon, ?99< 6 41


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WII

Rmn}q}r

Hknsmr citi` skcimqy jmu}rohon iamoìsosi qmnqonl s}oq} josyouohoq yonl jonaiui smcouo

mhknkji , sksio` aon rkìqih , yonl umòqid emeos aoui cojr}u qonlon nmlouo . Ai sojrinl

iq} , hmjonaiuion josyouohoq oqo} nmlouo jmu}rohon soòg soq} ruosyouoq qmurmnqinl eoliqmuemnq}hnyo sisqij rk iqih yonl amjkhuoqis . Houmno iq} rmjeicouoon qmnqonl citi`

skcimqy smemnounyo qiaoh eiso airisoghon smrmn}gnyo aoui rmuameoqon jmnlmnoi

amjkhuosi . Gonyo sofo dkh}s qmkui*qmkui qmnqonl amjkhuosi smòjo ini `meig roaormjemnq}hon insiq}si aon squ}hq}u rkìqih amjkhuosi smrmuqi qmucmujin aoui hknsmr*

hknsmr insqiq}siknoìsosi rk iqih . sgoum kd rk|mu , aidmumnsiosi aon srmsioìsosi ,

rmjmuinqogon rmu|ohiòn , squhq}u hmrouqoion , rou`mjmn aon rmji`} . Smjmnqouo iq} .

hknsmr citi` skcimqy jmndkh}shon aiui roao ruosyouoq emuhmjeonlnyo amjkhuosi ai

?5?


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qinlhoq josyouohoq . Ruosyouoq iq} qiaoh òin oaoòg hmjonaiuion josyouohoq ai soq} rigoh

aon qmuemeosnyo josyouohoq aoui cojr}u qonlon nmlouo aon rmnlou}g jmhonisjm rosou

ai rigoh òin . Sinlhoqnyo , citi` skcimqy oaoòg s}oq} ìnlh}nlon inqmuohsi sksio` yonlemuoao ai `}ou rmnlou}g nmlouo aon jkao` yonl qmus}s}n aoui ìnlh}nlon hmgia}ron

josyouohoq roìnl ohuoe smrmuqi hm`}oulo , oksiosi*osksiosi s}houmò , lmuohon

hmjosyouohoqon aon emueoloi emnq}h hkj}nihosi onqou josyouohoq . Ai aoòj ìnlh}nlonsmrmuqi ini josyouohoq jmncirqohon humoqitiqos , jmnloq}u aon jmjkeiìsosi aiui jmumho

smnaiui qonro hmqmuìeoqon nmlouo . Yonl f}lo rmnqinl ai aoòj ciqo*ciqo citi` skcimqy ini

oaoòg eog|o eonl}non josyouohoq qiaoh aiaosouhon roao inqmuohsi yonl emusidoq hmòssmrmuqi hmcmnamu}nlon rouo rmnlon}q qmkui Jouwis jo}r}n nmk Jouwis . Foai ìnlh}nlon

citi` skcimqy e}hon sofo jmjemaohon oqo} jmnouih aiui aoui nmlouo jmòinhon f}lo aoui

rmnlou}g rmusrmhqid }nq}nl u}li squ}hq}u mhknkji rosou horiqoìsjm . Aoòj eogoso yonl

emuemao , Scgjiqqmu jmnlinamnqidihosi eog|o citi` skcimqy gonyo eiso emuhmjeonloroeiò josyouohoq qiaoh jmns}ekuainosihon aiui hmroao nmulouo . Amnlon emliq}

josyouohoq tiso jmjrmuk`mg aon jmjrmuqogonhon goh*goh aon smcouo emusojo*sojo

r}ò jmjrmuf}onlhon hmrmnqinlon*hmrmnqinlon jmumho yonl sog smginllo qiaoh

aijonir}òsi k`mg nmlouo . Ai nmlouo*nmlouo jof} ai jono horiqo isjm qmòg emliq}joqonl aon am|oso , rmnouihon aiui nmlouo aoui hmgia}ron josyouohoq eouonlhoì qiaoh

emliq} jmnfoai josoòg , smginllo amjkhuosi yonl aiaosouhon roao citi` skcimqy eisoemuq}je}g .

Ohon qmqori rmuskoònnyo , oaoòg eog|o ai nmlouo*nmlouo horiqo is j}ao ai A}nio

Hmqilo , nmlouo f}squ} qmnlog emufoyo aon emuhieou . Nmlouo , smrmuqi f}lo aioòjiInaknmsio ai eo|og kuam eou} , jmnihjoqi kqknkjinyo yonl sonloq `}os ai aoòj

jmnloq}u hmgia}ron mhknkji aon rk iqih josyouohoq . Aoòj uonlho rmuq}je}gon

mhknkji aon rmucmroqon ins}squioìsosi , hg}s}snyo rmuoìgon aoui qogor ina}squi s}esiq}siijrku hm ina}squi yonl emukuimnqosi mhsrku , nmlouo e}hon sofo jmnl}naonl itmsqosi aon

eonq}on osinl , jmòinhon f}lo jmncirqohon sqoei iqos rkìqih akjmsqih yonl airmu`}hon

}nq}h jmna}h}nlnyo . Oqos nojo rmuq}je}gon mhknkji, nmlouo jmjrmuh}oq aiuinyoamnlon jmnyinlhiuhon rouo nosiknoìs mhknkj aon rkìqih . Amnlon amjihion , nmlouo

jmjiìg aon jmnym`mhsi jiquo rkìqih aon eisnis yonl jmnl}nq}nlhon aiuinyo jmò`}i

fouinlon hkurkuoqisjm nmlouo . Smòin iq} f}lo cmnamu}nl jmjohso hmgmnaohnyo . jmò`}i rmnamhoqon yonl sonloq qmhnkhuoqis eiukhuoqis . Nmlouo*nmlouo horiqoìsj}ao amnlon

hmcmnamu}nlon smrmuqi iniòg yonl aiinamqidihosi qmkuiqisi smrmuqi L}``mujk KAknnm``

jmò`}i hknsmr nmlouo kqkuiqmu*eiukhuoqis ' e}umo}cuoqic*o}qgkuiqouqion sqoqm ). Ai jono

josyouohoq qiaoh òli jmji ihi ohsms ai aoòj ruksms mhknkji*rkìqih houmnohmsmj}onyo qmòg aiojei` oìg aon aiakjinosi nmlouo yonl emhmufo sojo amnlon ho}j

musoqv coriqo isj yonl gia}r*joqinyo qmulonq}nl dosi iqos , s}esisai , ìsmnsi aon

rukqmhsi nmlouo .

A}o qkrih emuih}q , yohni rmjemuaoyoon rkìqih josyouohoq aon squoqmli rmjeonl}non

aoui eo|og , qojrohnyo hion jmnfoai hmrma}ìon aoui smeolion c}h}r emsou hoònlonohoamjisi, rouo rmnlojei` hmr}q}son , aon hm`kjrkh inqm`mhq}o` ai nmlouo hiqo . Ai

hoònlon i`j}|on aon ruohqisi rk iqih , |ocono qmnqonl rmjemuaoyoon josyouohoq

qmusme}q f}lo johin rkr}òu jonohoò q}nq}qon qmugoaor rmu`}oson hmqmu ieoqon

josyouohoq aoòj rmnlojeiòn hmr}q}son cmnamu}nl jmnloòji rmninlhoqon .

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Emusojoon amnlon iq} , rmulmsmuon rouoailjo 'rouolisj ) ai aoòj |ocono

rmjeonl}non aoui oro yonl aihmno` smeoloi rouoailjo aoui oqos 'qkr*ak|n ) jmn}f}rouoailjo yonl emukuimnqosi aoui eo|og ' e}qqkn*}r ) smjohin jmjrmuk`mg a}h}nlon .

Rmncouion yonl smfoqinyo qmòg aij}òi smjmnfoh rmuqmnlogon q}f}g r}`}gon ini ,

jmncoroi jkjmnq}jnyo smhiqou ohgiu aoso|ouso amòron r}`}gon yonl aie}hqihonamnlon jouohnyo emueoloi }royo jm`mroshon aiui aoui h}nlh}nlon rouoailjo òjo .

Roao hmnyoqonnyo hm|oulonmlouoon jo}r}n citi` skcimqy hmj}aion emuhmjeonlemusojo*sojo aon jmnlgosi`hon emueoloi touiosi rmnamhoqon qmkuiqis jo}r}n ruoljoqis .

Qoh gmuon oroeiò emnonl jmuog yonl jmnyoje}nl hma}onyo , yoiq} hmrma}ìon smuqo

hkjiqjmn qmugoaor hmjeoìnyo josyouohoq oqo}r}n |oulo nmlouo smeoloi r}soq aon

ohqku }qojo eoih aoòj |ocono jo}r}n ruohsis rkìqih aon rmjeonl}non . Eoih rogojciti` skcimqy jo}r}n hm|oulonmlouoon jmnmhonhon qmurmn}ginyo fojinon*fojinon

qmugoaor goh*goh aosou smeoloi ruosyouoq smqior |oulo nmlouo jojr} }nq}h jmòh}hon

q}losnyo aoòj hmgia}ron r}eìh.

Amnlon jmnll}nohon rouoailjo eou} ini , joho aij}nlhinhon huiqih qmugoaor sisqmj

rkìqih yonl jmnmhonhon kuimnqosi rmnl}oqon nmlouo noj}n jmnodihon rmnlmjeonlonsmuqo rmjemuaoyoon citi` skcimqy . Smcouo sij}`qon , rouoailijo ini f}lo jmu}rohon huiqih

oqos jkam` rmnamhoqon rmjeonl}non yonl emukuimnqosi qkr*ak|n , houmno io jmòòihon

rouqisirosi aon osriuosi |oulo nmlouo aoòj rmnlojeiòn hmr}q}son . Smeoìhnyo , io

sonloq jmna}h}nl qmugoaor jkam` rmjeonl}non emukuinmqosi ekqqkj*}r yonl jmjemui rm`}onl eoih eoli rmjogojon aiui 'sm`d*}namusqonainl ) jo}r}n inisioqid josyouohoq

}nq}h emuhmjeonl .

Rouoailjo yonl eou} smqiaohnyo gou}s jmncoh}r qilo aijmnsi }qojo '?) aijmnsi

hmqmuìeoqon ohqid aoòj hkj}niqos , '5) aijmnsi rmjmn}gon goh*goh aosou yoiq} goh

rkìqih , mhknkji , aon goh sksio`*h}`q}uo` , smuqo '3) aijmnsi aio`kl aon hmemuoaoon u}onlr}eìc yonl emeos . Aoui hmqilo aijmnsi iq} aihmjeonlhon hmufo*hmufo rmjmemuaoyoon

smuqo amjkhuoqisosi sms}oi hknqmhs squ}hq}uo` aon gisqkuims josyouohoq .

Amnlon jmnll}nohon ònaoson rouoailjo citi` skcimqy aon hm|oulonmlouoon ini,

hmrmhoon hiqo qmugoaor hmeginmhoon f}lo smjohin aiqinlhoqhon . Soyo yohin eog|o

q}nq}qon }nq}h smjohin airmu`}osnyo hmjonaiuion aon hmsoaouon ohon hmeginmhoon

aoòj josyouohoq Inaknmsio jkamun ohon smjohin qinlli . Aon ini emuouqi eog|o}nidkujiqos jmnfoai smjohin hmgiònlon um`mtonsinyo aoòj jmnlm`kò irk`mhske}a ai

nmlouo hiqo .

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Aodqou R}sqoho

Onamuskn , Emnmaicq. 5225 .Ijolinma Ckjj}niqims. Hkj}niqos*Hkj}niqos Qmueoyonl.

Fohouqo 6 Insiq Rumss .

.

Oyoqukgomai . ?974 .Hmruieoaion E}aoyo Eonlso '@kco` Lmni}s ) ,Fohouqo 6 R}sqoho Foyo

E}aiouafk , Jiuioj . ?77< .Aosou*Aosou I`j} Rkìqih. Fohouqo 6 RQ Luojmaio .

Gouis, Syojs}aain , Rmjeinoon Rkìqih , Amjkhuoqisosi aon Rmjemnq}hon Citi`

Skcimqy 6 Rukem`joqih Hmrouroqoion Inaknmsio ai eo|og Kuam Eou} ,F}uno` I`j}Rkìqih, ?


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?999 .Rkìqih Hm|oulonmlouoon . @onaoson Umamjkhuoqisosi aiInaknmsio . Fohouqo 6 Muònllo.

Isjonqk, Ilnosi}s . Josyouohoq \oulo aon Quonsisi Amjkhuosi, aoòj Inauo F Riìonl .

Jmuj}shon Hmjeoì Hmeonlsoon Inaknmsio . Fohouqo 6 CSIS , 5225 , g`j. 5=1 *544

Jonsy}u , Gojaon G . 522= .Rmnaiaihon Hm|oulonmlouoon . Fohouqo .RQ Luojmaio R}s

qoho ]qojo

Jkmafonqk, L. ?979Roncosiò . Fohouqo 6 RQ Luojmaio .

Uosyia , J Uyoos Rmuhmjeonlon Rmjihiuon qmnqonl Josyouohoq Hm|ouloon F}uno`

I`j} Rkìqih, ?


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