pengukuran tingkat kepuasan konsumen menggunakan integrasi fuzzy-servqual

8/2/2019 PENGUKURAN TINGKAT KEPUASAN KONSUMEN MENGGUNAKAN INTEGRASI FUZZY-SERVQUAL

1/82

o

GM^M PBJDMJ^MV

Puko syugur gbhmnormt Maamh YT^ gmrbjm mtms rmhlmt nmj gmrujom-Jym

pbjuaos nmpmt lbjybabsmogmj tudms mghor ojo nbjdmj fmog.

ûdms Mghor ojo nosusuj ujtug lblbjuho pbrsymrmtmj nmaml lblpbrcabh

dbamr Ymrkmjm ^bgjog, Kurusmj ^bgjog Ojnustro Emguatms ^bgjog Rjovbrsotms

Pblfmjdujmj Jmsocjma Ubtbrmj Kmgmrtm.

ûdms Mghor ojo nmpmt tbrsusuj nbjdmj fmog gmrbjm nugujdmj nmj fmjtumj

nmro fbrfmdmo pohmg, fmog fmjtumj lcroa lmupuj lmtbroa. Cabh gmrbjm otu Pbjuaos

lbjduimpgmj fmjymg tbrolm gmsoh gbpmnm ;

=.

Gbpmnm gbblpmt crmjd tumgu, sbrtm gbaumrdm mtms sblum ncm,

folfojdmj nmj nugujdmj sbhojddm pbjuaos sbamau sblmjdmt nmaml

lbjdbrkmgmj ûdms Mghor ojo.

6.

Ostro nmj Imacj mjmggu tbriojtm, ymjd sbamau lbjnmlpojdo sbtomp

amjdgmhgu nmaml lbjdmrujdo gbhonupmj ojo.

9.

Or. Yuaostocjc, LYi sbamgu Nbgmj Emguatms ^bgjog Rjovbrsotms

Pblfmjdujmj Jmsocjma Ubtbrmj Kmgmrtm.

>.

Or. Yudbjd Prmyotjc, sbamgu Gbtum Prcdrml Ytuno ^bgjog Ojnustro

Rjovbrsotms Pblfmjdujmj Jmsocjma Ubtbrmj Kmgmrtm.

2.

Ofu Or. Yoto Vchmjm, L^ sbamgu pblfolfojd ymjd tbamh

lblfbrogmj fmjtumj, smrmj nmj folfojdmj gbpmnm pbjuaos.

5.

Ofu Or.Aoaog [uamohmh, LYo sbamgu pblfolfojd ymjd tbamh

lblfbrogmj fmjtumj, smrmj nmj folfojdmj gbpmnm pbjuaos.


2/82

oo

4.

Ybauruh ncsbj nmj stme Emguatms ^bgjog ymjd tonmg nmpmt pbjuaos

sbfutgmj smtu pbr smtu.

8.

Gbpmnm smhmfmt-smhmfmt ymjd sbamau lbjncmgmj sbrtm lblfbrogmj

smrmj nmj lmsugmj nmaml pbjdbrkmmj sgropso ojo.

?.

^blmj-tblmj mjdgmtmj 6008, 600? ^bgjog Ojnustro RPJ

Ubtbrmj Kmgmrtm mtms lmsugmj nmj smrmj sbamlm pbjdbrkmmj

^udms Mghor ojo.

=0.

Lmhmsoswm nmj mauljo Emguatms ^bgjog ymjd tonmg nmpmt

nosbfutgmj smtu pbr smtu.

Nmaml pbjyusujmj ampcrmj tudms mghor ojo, pbjuaos lbjymnmro

lmsoh fmjymg gbgurmjdmj. Cabh gmrbjm otu, Pbjuaos lbjdhmrmpgmj grotog

nmj smrmj ymjd lblfmjduj nmro sblum pohmg dujm pbrfmogmj no lmsm

lbjnmtmjd. Yblcdm ampcrmj ojo fbrlmjemmt sblum pohmg.

Kmgmrtm,4 Lbo 60==

Pbjuaos


3/82

ooo

NME^MV OYO

ABLFMV PBJDBYMHMJ

GM^M PBJDMJ^MV ..........................................................................................o

NME^MV OYO ...................................................................................................... ooo

NME^MV ^MFBA ............................................................................................... vo

NME^MV DMLFMV.......................................................................................... voo

NME^MV AMLPOVMJ ......................................................................................vooo

MFY^VMG........................................................................................................... ox

=.=. Amtmr Fbamgmjd .................... ......................................... ................. =

=.6. Pbrulusmj Lmsmamh ....................................................................... 9

=.9. ^ukumj nmj Lmjemmt Pbjbaotomj ....................................................... 9

=.>. Fmtmsmj Lmsmamh ........................................................... ................. >

=.2. Yostblmtogm Pbjuaosmj .......... ......................................... ................. >

6.=. Hmsoa Pbjbaotomj ^brnmhuau ............................................................. 5

6.=.=. Rsmhm Pbjojdgmtmj Gumaotms Pbamymjmj ................................. 5

6.=.6. Mjmaosos Gbpumsmj Pbamjddmj ............................................... 4

6.=.9. Mpaogmso Euzzy-Ybrvquma ...................................................... 8

6.6. Pbjdbrtomj Gbpumsmj Gcjsulbj .................................................... ?

6.9. Kmsm ............................................................................................ =0

6.>. Nolbjso Gumaotms Kmsm .......... ......................................... ................ ==


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ov

6.2. Lbtcnb Ybrvoib ]umaoty ................................................................. =9

6.2.=. Nbeojoso Ybrvoib ]umaoty ....................................................... =9

6.2.6. Pbjbrmpmj Lbtcnb Ybrvoib ]umaoty...................................... =2

6.5. ^bcroEuzzy ................................................................................... =5

6.4. ^bcro Ybt Euzzy............................................................................. =8

6.8. ^romjduamr Euzzy Julfbr............................................................. 60

6.?. NbeuzoeogmsoJoamo .......................................................................... 66

FMF OOO LB^CNCACDO PBJBAO^OMJ

9.=. ^opb Pbjbaotomj ..................... ......................................... ................ 6>

9.6. Rjot Mjmaosos ................... .............................................................. 6>

9.9. ^bgjog nmj Mamt Pbjdulpuamj Nmtm .............................. ................ 6>

9.>. Pcpuamso nmj Ymlpaojd .................................................. ................ 62

9.2. Kbjos Nmtm ..................................................................... ................ 65

9.5. Pbjdcamhmj Nmtm ........................................................... ................ 65

m.

Rko Gbiugupmj Nmtm ................................................................. 65

f.

Pbjdukomj Umaonotms .................................................................. 64

i.Pbjdukomj Vbaomfoaotms ............................................................... 68

n.

Lbjdotbdrmsogmj Euzzy-sbrvquma .............................................. 6?

b.

Nbeuzzoeogmso............................................................................. 90

e.

Pbjdhotujdmj Ygcr Dmp Gumaotms ................................................ 9=

9.4. Fmdmj Lbtcncacdo Pbjbaotomj ....................................................... 96

FMF OU PBJDRLPRAMJ NMJ PBJDCAMHMJ NM^M

>.=. Pbjdulpuamj Nmtm ........................................................................ 99

>.=.= Onbjtotms Vbspcjnbj ............................................................. 99

m. Kbjos Gbamloj ...................................................................... 99


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f. Rsom Vbspcjnbj ................................................................... 9>

>.6. Pbjdcamhmj Nmtm ........................................................... ................ 92

m.

Rko Gbiugupmj Nmtm ............................................................. 92

f. Rko Umaonotms ......................................................................... 95

i.

Rko Vbmfoaotms ....................................................................... >0

n.

Pbjdhotujdmj Joamo Euzzyeogmso Pbrsbpso Pbamjddmj ............. >6

b.

Pbjdhotujdmj Joamo Euzzyeogmso Hmrmpmj Pbamjddmj ............. >>

e. Pbjdhotujdmj Fcfct ............................................................. >5

d.

Pbrhotujdmj Joamo Ybrvquma (Dmp) Mjtmrm Pbrsbpso nmj

Hmrmpmj ............................................................................... >8

FMF U MJMAOYOY NM^M

2.=. Mjmaosos Pbjdukomj Nmtm ................................................................ 20

2.=.=. Mjmaosos Rko Gbiugupmj Nmtm .............................................. 20

2.=.6.

Mjmaosos Rko Umaonotms Nmtm .................................................. 20

2.=.9. Mjmaosos Rko Vbmfoaotms Nmtm ................................................ 20

2.6.. Mjmaosos Pbjdcamhmj Nmtm ............................................................. 2=

2.6.=. Mjmaosos Pbjdhotujdmj Joamo Pbrsbpso Pbamjddmj .................. 2=2.6.6. Mjmaosos Pbjdhotujdmj Joamo Hmrmpmj Pbamjddmj.................. 26

2.6.9. Mjmaosos Pbjdhotujdmj Fcfct ............................................... 29

2.6.>. Mjmaosos Pbjdhotujdmj Joamo Ybrvquma ( Dmp ) Mjtmrm

Pbrsbpso nmj Hmrmpmj ........................................................ 2>

FMF UO GBYOLPRAMJ NMJ YMVMJ

5.=. Gbsolpuamj................................................................................... 25

5.6. Ymrmj ............................................................................................ 28

NME^MV PRY^MGM

AMLPOVMJ M

AMLPOVMJ F

AMLPOVMJ I


6/82

vo

NME^MV ^MFBA

^mfba >.= Kbjos Gbamloj Vbspcjnbj ............................................................. 9>

^mfba >.6 Rsom rbspcjnbj ............................................................................ 92

^mfba >.9 Vbgmp Hmsoa Rko Umaonotms .............................................................. 98

^mfba >.> Joamo Euzzyeogmso Pbrsbpso Pbamjddmj ............................................ >6

^mfba >.2 Joamo Euzzyeogmso Hmrmpmj Pbamjddmj ............................................ >>

^mfba >.5 Joamo Fcfct Ybtomp Grotbrom ............................................................ >5

^mfba >.4 Joamo Ybrvquma (Dmp) mjtmrm Pbrsbpso nmj Hmrmpmj Pbamjddmj ....... >8

^mfba 2.= Rrutmj Joamo Ybrvquma^brfbsmr ..................................................... 25

^mfba 5.= Rrutmj Joamo Ybrvquma^brfbsmr ..................................................... 28


7/82

voo

NME^MV DMLFMV

Dmlfmr 6.= ^romjduamr Euzzy Julfbr L < (m,f,i) .......................................... 6=

Dmlfmr 6.6 Euzzy sbt nmro L=< lbjnbgmto = smlpmo L?< lbjnbgmto ? ... 66

Dmlfmr 9.= Fmdmj Lbtcncacdo Pbjbaotomj ........................................ ................ 96


8/82

vooo

NME^MV AMLPOVMJ

AMLPOVMJ M ; Prceoa Kurusmj ^bgjog Drmeogm Pbjbrfotmj, Pcaotbgjog Jbdbro

Kmgmrtm

AMLPOVMJ F ; Vbgmp Joamo Gubsocjbr Pbjnmhuaumj.

Ymlpba Gubsocjbr Pbjnmhuaumj Pbrsbpso nmj Hmrmpmj.

Gumaotms Pbamymjmj Kurusmj ^bgjog Drmeogm Pbjbrfotmj,

Pcaotbgjog Jbdbro Kmgmrtm.

Pbrhotujdmj Rko Umaonotms nmj Vbaomfoaotms Rjtug ^ojdgmt

Pbrsbpso.

Pbrhotujdmj Rko Umaonotms nmj Vbaomfoaotms Rjtug ^ojdgmt

Hmrmpmj.

AMLPOVMJ I ; Vbgmpotuamso Gubsocjbr Pbrsbpso Pbamjddmj.

Vbgmpotuamso Gubsocjbr Hmrmpmj Pbamjddmj.

Pbjdhotujdmj Joamo Euzzoeogmso Pbamjddmj.


9/82

ox

MFY^VMG

Gbfbrmnmmj ablfmdm pbjnonogmj kogm nopmjnmjd sbfmdmo smamh smtu mspbg

fosjos ymjd iugup lbjkmjkogmj fmjymg gbujtujdmj sbamoj nopmjnmjd nmro sbdo

scsomajym, lmgm gumaotms pbamymjmj sbfumh ablfmdm pbjnonogmj smjdmt pbjtojd

fmdo pbrgblfmjdmj sbfumh ablfmdm pbjnonogmj. Ybamoj otu pbrsmojdmj mjtmr

ablfmdm pbjnonogmj tbrutmlm ablfmdm pbjnonogmj tonmg tbrgbiumao pbrdurumj

tojddo jbdbro sblmgoj gbtmt. Nmaml gcjnoso sbpbrto ojo smjdmt pbjtojd fmdo sumtu

ablfmdm pbjnonogmj nmaml hma ojo Pcaotbgjog Jbdbro Kmgmrtm Kurusmj ^bgjog

Drmeogm nmj Pbjbrfotmj ujtug nmpmt lbjdbjmao nmj lblbjuho gbfutuhmj

gcjsulbjjym nmaml pbamymjmj nmj smrmjm pbjnonogmj, Mnm fbfbrmpm lbtcnb

ymjd fomsm nodujmgmj ujtug lbjdugur gbpumsmj pbamjddmj, smamh smtujym mnmamh

Ybrvoib ]umaoty ( Ybrvquma ). Nmaml pbjoamomj pbrsbpso, bgspbgtmso nmjpblfcfctmj pmnm sbrvquma lbjdhmsoagmj pbjoamomj sbsbcrmjd tbrhmnmp sumtu

grotbrom ymjd fbrsoemt gumaotmtoe mnmamh sufybgtoe nmj sbrojdgmao foms.Nbjdmj lbaohmt gbtbrfmtmsmj ymjd tbrnmpmt nmaml sbrvquma tbrsbfut

lblujdgojgmj mnmjym ojtbdrmso nmj amjdgmh amjkutmj sbhojddm lbjdhmsoagmj

sbsumtu ymjd cfybgtoe nmj rbmaostos ujtug notbrmpgmj. Pbjbaotomj ojo lbjicfm

lbjdojtbdrmsogmjEuzzy-Ybrvquma. Nbjdmj lbjddujmgmj lbtcnb Euzzy-Ybrvquma

nohmrmpgmj nmpmt lbjmjdgmp foms nmj sufybgtovotms ymjd tbrkmno pmnm smmt

lbjdulpuagmj nmtm lbamauo pbjdosomj gubsocjbr. Nmro hmsoa pbjdhotujdmj Joamo

Ybrvquma (dmp) nmro sbaosoh tojdgmt pbrsbpso nmj hmrmpmj lbjujkuggmj smlpmo

sbkmuh lmjm pohmg Kurusmj ^bgjog Drmeogm nmj Pbjbrfotmj Pcaotbgjog Jbdbro

Kmgmrtm tbamh lblfbrogmj pbamymjmj sbsumo nbjdmj gbojdojmj pbamjddmjjym.

Pbrmj fcfct nmaml dmp mgmj lblfbrogmj tojdgmt gbpbjtojdmj sbfbrmpm kmuhpbrmj grotbrom tbrsbfut nmaml lblfbrogmj pbjojdgmtmj gumaotms pbamymjmj sbimrm

lbjybauruh. Ybtbamh lbamauo prcsbs pbjdulpuamj, pbjdhotujdmj nmj pbjdcamhmj

nmtm lbjddujmgmj euzzy sbrvquma lmgm nonmpmtgmj nmtm fmhwm mnm blpmt

procrotms utmlm ymjd hmrus notojdgmtgmj amdo gumaotms pbamymjmjjym ymotu ;

Gblunmhmj pbamjddmj lblojtm fmjtumj gbpmnm gmrymwmj ablfmdm pbjnonogmj

nbjdmj joamo -0,=96. Forcgrmso gmlpus nbjdmj joamo -0,048. Amy Cut gmlpus

nbjdmj joamo -0,0>=. Gbibpmtmj tojnmgmj gmrymwmj ablfmdm pbjnonogmj pmnm smmt

mnm gbauhmj nmro pbamjddmj nbjdmj joamo -0,098. Nbjdmj urutmj nolbjsoBlphmty,

Vbaomfoaoty,^mjdofab, nmj.Mssurmjib.


10/82

x

MFY^VMI^

^hb bxostbjib ce bnuimtocjma ojstotutocjs whbj vobwbn ms cjb mspbit ce thbfusojbss thmt os prclosojd m act ce mnvmjtmdbs oj mnnotocj oj tbrls ce scioma, thbj

thb qumaoty ce mj bnuimtocjma ojstotutocj os vbry olpcrtmjt ecr thb nbvbacplbjt ce

mj bnuimtocjma ojstotutocj. Oj mnnotocj, iclpbtotocj mlcjd bnuimtocjma ojstotutocjs,

bspbiomaay bnuimtocjma ojstotutocjs mrb jct bxblpt pufaoi ujovbrsotobs ojirbmsojday

todht. Oj icjnotocjs aogb thos os vbry olpcrtmjt tc mj bnuimtocjma ojstotutocj oj thos

imsb thb Kmgmrtm Ytmtb Pcaytbihjoi Nbpmrtlbjt ce Drmphoi mjn Pufaoshojd tc fb

mfab tc rbicdjozb mjn lbbt thb jbbns ce iustclbrs oj sbrvoib mjn bnuimtocj

emioaotobs, thbrb mrb sbvbrma lbthcns icllcjay usbn tc lbmsurb iustclbr

smtosemitocj, cjb ce whoih os Ybrvoib ]umaoty (Ybrvquma). Oj thb mssbsslbjt ce

pbribptocjs, bxpbitmtocjs mjn wbodhtojd oj sbrvquma prcnuib mj mssbsslbjt ce m

pbrscj mdmojst qumaotmtovb irotbrom mrb sufkbitovb mjn cetbj fomsbn.

Fy accgojd mt thb aolotmtocjs icjtmojbn oj thbsb sbrvquma maacw ecrojtbdrmtocj mjn eurthbr stbps tc prcnuib sclbthojd thmt os cfkbitovb mjn rbmaostoi tc

olpablbjt. ^hos rbsbmrih mttblpts tc ojtbdrmtb euzzy-Ybrvquma. Fy usojd thb

lbthcn ce Euzzy-Ybrvquma bxpbitbn tc impturb thb foms mjn sufkbitovoty thmt

ciiurs whbj icaabitojd nmtm thrcudh qubstocjjmorbs. Ercl thb rbsuats ce m

imaiuamtocj Ybrvquma vmaub (dmp) ercl thb noeebrbjib fbtwbbj pbribptocj mjn

bxpbitmtocj abvbas ojnoimtb thb bxtbjt tc whoih thb Nbpmrtlbjt ce Drmphoi mjn

Pufaoshojd Kmgmrtm Ytmtb Pcaytbihjoi hms prcvonbn sbrvoibs oj miicrnmjib woth thb

woshbs ce iustclbrs.

^hb rcab ce wbodht oj thb dmp woaa prcvonb m abvba ce ojtbrbst hcw emr thb

rcab ce thbsb irotbrom oj prcvonojd thb cvbrmaa sbrvoib qumaoty olprcvblbjt. Metbr

dcojd thrcudh thb prcibss ce icaabitojd, icujtojd mjn nmtm prcibssojd usojd euzzy

sbrvquma thbj cftmojbn nmtm thmt thbrb mrb ecur lmoj procrotobs thmt shcuan fb

olprcvbn sbrvoib qumaoty, jmlbay; Bmsb ce iustclbrs rbqubstojd mssostmjib tc

blpacybbs ce bnuimtocjma ojstotutocjs woth m vmaub ce -0.=96. Furbmuirmiy imlpus

woth m vmaub ce -0.048. Amy Cut thb imlpus woth m vmaub ce -0.0>=. ^hb spbbn ce

mitocj ojstotutocj blpacybbs mt thb tolb thbrb wbrb iclpamojts ercl iustclbrs

woth m vmaub ce -0.098. Fy crnbr ce thb nolbjsocjs Blphmty, Vbaomfoaoty,

^mjdofab, mjn. Mssurmjib.


11/82

xo

PVCEOA KRVRYMJ ^BGJOG DVMEOGM PBJBVFO^MJ

PCAO^BGJOG JBDBVO KMGMV^M

M.

PCAO^BGJOG JBDBVO KMGMV^M

Pcaotbgjog Jbdbro Kmgmrtm, sbkmrmhjym fbrluam nmro emguatms jcj

dbamr tbgjcacdo Rjovbrsotms Ojncjbsom (EJD^-RO), ymjd gblunomj

lbjkmno Pcaotbgjog Rjovbrsotms Ojncjbsom.

Pcaotbgjog Rjovbrsotms Ojncjbsom nonorogmj 60 Ybptblfbr =?86,

sbkmg 62 Mdustus =?88 lbjkmno lmjnoro nbjdmj jmlm Pcaotbgjog

Jbdbo Kmgmrtm fbrnmsmrgmj Yurmt Gbputusmj Lbjtbro Pbjnonogmj nmj

Gbfunmymmj jclcr; 604/C/=??8.

Gbtogm nonorogmj, nofugm 9 kurusmj; Kurusmj ^bgjog Lbsoj, ^bgjog

Yopoa nmj ^bgjog Babgtrc. Lbjyusua tmhuj =?85 nofugm kurusmj ^mtm

Jomdm, ymjd sbamjkutjym nogblfmjdgmj lbjkmno Kurusmj Mgujtmjso

nmj Kurusmj Mnlojostrmso Jomdm. Pmnm tmhuj =??0 nofugm Kurusmj

^bgjog Drmeogm nmj Pbjbrfotmj, hmsoa gbrkmsmlm mjtmrm Pcaotbgjog

Rjovbrsotms Ojncjbsom (Pcaotbgjog Jbdbro Kmgmrtm) nbjdmj Pusmt

Drmeogm Ojncjbsom. Gblunomj fbbgrkmsmlm nbjdmj P^ ^rmgojnc

Rtmlm, nofugm Prcdrml Ytuno Mamt Fbrmt nofmwmh Kurusmj ^bgjog

Lbsoj ymjd noluamo tmhuj mkmrmj 600=-6006. Pmnm tmhuj 6009

fbgbrkmsmlm nbjdmj P^ Kmsm Lmrdm, nofugm Prcdrml Nopaclm OU

Kmamj^ca.


12/82

xoo

Nbjdmj nblogomj smlpmo smmt ojo pmnm prcdrml Nopaclm OOO lbloaogo

5 (bjml) Kurusmj nbjdmj =9 (todm fbams) Prcdrml Ytuno.

Pcaotbgjog Jbdbro Kmgmrtm (PJK) lbrupmgmj ablfmdm pbjnonogmj

tojddo Nopaclm OOO ymjd nonorogmj ujtug lblbjuho gbfutuhmj YNL

prcebsocjma no ojnustro, fmog ojnustro kmsm lmupuj ojnustro lmjuemgtur.

Pblfbamkmrmj no PJK lbjdmpaogmsogmj Guroguaul Jmsocjma (Gurjms)

pbjnonogmj prcebsocjma sbimrm fbrtmjddujd kmwmf nbjdmj nonugujd

cabh ncsbj-ncsbj prcebsocjma. Yostbljym mnmamh nbjdmj

lblpbrtblugmj oalu nmj tbgjcacdo sbsumo gclpcsosotbcro 22% nmj

prmgtbg >2% ymjd nompaogmsogmj sbimrm hmrlcjos ujtug

lbjdhmsoagmj auausmj ymjd prcebsocjma nmj lblbjuho gumaoeogmso

ojnustro.

=)

Uoso nmj Loso

Nbjdmj gbibjnbrujdmj aojdgujdmj gbmrmh dacfmaosmso nmj

pbrsmojdmj ymjd sblmgoj tbrfugm, lmgm Pcaotbgjog Jbdbro Kmgmrtm

lbjbtmpgmj Uoso nmj Loso 600>-60=0 sbfmdmo fbrogut ;

m)

UOYO

"Lbjkmno Pcaotbgjog Rjddua Fbrtmrme Ojtbrjmsocjma nmaml fonmjd

Vbgmymsm nmj ^mtm Jomdm"

Lmlpu lbjdhmsoagmj ^bjmdm Mhao Lmnym Pcaotbgjog Jbdbro Kmgmrtm

nbjdmj "gjcwabndb, sgoaa, mttotunb" ymjd sbsumo nbjdmj lbloaogo

gblmlpumj prcebsocjma.


13/82

xooo

f)

LOYO

Loso Pcaotbgjog Jbdbro Kmgmrtm 600>-60=0 lbrupmgmj tmhmpmj

pbjimpmomj Uoso, sbfmdmo fbrogut ;

=.

Lbjdhmsoagmj nmj lbjdblfmjdgmj sulfbr nmym lmjusom ymjd

fbrolmj nmj fbrtmqwm gbpmnm ^uhmj _mjd Lmhm Bsm.

6.

Ybfmdmo ojstotuso pbjnonogmj vcgmso ymjd fbrpbrmj mgtoe nmaml

lbjojdgmtgmj gbmhaomj nmj gbtbrmlpoamj ymjd fbrfmsos oalu

pbjdbtmhumj nmj tbgjcacdo tbrmpmj.

9.

Lbjdhmsoagmj tbjmdm tbrmlpoa fbrgumaotms, fbrkowm wormusmhm,

lmjnoro, fbrfunmym nmj fbrwmwmsmj aojdgujdmj sbrtm lmlpu

fbrsmojd no tojdgmt ojtbrjmsocjma.

>.

Lbjojdgmtgmj gblmlpumj pbjioptmmj gmrym jymtm no fonmjd oalu

pbjdbtmhumj nmj tbgjcacdo tbrmpmj ymjd fbrlmjemmt fmdo

lmsymrmgmt nmj fmjdsm Ojncjbsom

F. KRVRYMJ ^BGJOG DVMEOGM NMJ PBJBVFO^MJ

Kurusmj ^bgjog Drmeogm nmj Pbjbrfotmj nofbjtug Norbgtcrmt

Kbjnbrma Pbjnonogmj ^ojddo nmj norbslogmj pmnm tmjddma 8 Cgtcfbr

=??0 nmj lbrupmgmj fmdomj nmro Pcaotbgjog Rjovbrsotms Ojncjbsom

(sbgmrmjd Pcaotbgjog Jbdbro Kmgmrtm). LCR mjtmrm Pcaotbgjog Jbdbro

Kmgmrtm nmj Pusmt Drmeogm Ojncjbsom (PRYDVMEOJ) notmjnmtmjdmjo

pbrtmlm gmao pmnm tmhuj =??8 ymjd fbrmghor tmhuj 6006, gblunomj

LCR nopbrpmjkmjd amdo smlpmo tmhuj 6004. Kurusmj ^bgjog Drmeogm


14/82

xov

nmj Pbjbrfotmj mnmamh smtu-smtujym kurusmj ymjd mnm no Pcaotbgjog

Jbdbro no Ojncjbsom. Ybkmg fbrnorojym hojddm Mdustus tmhuj 6004,

pbamgsmjmmj gbdomtmj mgmnblog lbjddujmgmj smrmjm prmgtbg loaog

Pusmt Drmeogm Ojncjbsom, lbjdojdmt Pcaotbgjog Jbdbro Kmgmrtm fbaul

nmpmt lbjybnomgmjjym. ^mhuj mgmnblog 6004/6008 gbrkmsmlm PJK

nbjdmj PRYDVMEOJ fbrmghor, sbhojddm gbdomtmj fbamkmr lbjdmkmr

Kurusmj ^bgjog Drmeogm nmj Pbjbrfotmj noamgsmjmgmj no dbnujd

Kurusmj ^bgjog Drmeogm nmj Pbjbrfotmj no Gmlpus Pcaotbgjog Jbdbro

Kmgmrtm, Nbpcg. Fbrmghorjym gbrkmsmlm nbjdmj PYRDVMEOJ

lblpbjdmruho prcsbs fbamkmr lbjdmkmr ghususjym Prcdrml Ytuno

^bgjog Drmeogm tbrutmlm nmaml pbamgsmjmmj gbdomtmj prmgtbg

lmhmsoswm.

Kurusmj ^bgjog Drmeogm nmj Pbjbrfotmj tbrnoro nmro 6 prcdrml

stuno, Prcdrml Ytuno ^bgjog Drmeogm (PY^D) nmj Prcdrml Ytuno

Pbjbrfotmj (PYPF). Nmaml pbjybabjddmrmmj pbjnonogmj, Kurusmj

^bgjog Drmeogm nmj Pbjbrfotmj nonugujd stme pbjdmkmr nmro Pusmt

Drmeogm Ojncjbsom, ojnustro Drmeogm (Bspbrm Ymtym, Drmlbnom, Yojmr

Mdmpb Prbss ) nmj Mscsomso Drmeogm (Pbrsmtumj Pbrusmhmj Drmeogm

Ojncjbsom, Ybrogmt Drmeogm Pbrs, Ogmtmj Mhao Drmeogm Ojncjbsom),

ojnustro Pbjbrfotmj (Drmlbnom, Pusmt Fmhmsm, Fmamo Pustmgm),

Mnvbrtosojd nmj mscsomso Pbjbrfotmj (Ogmtmj Pbjbrfot Ojncjbsom,

Ogmtmj Pbjyujtojd Ojncjbsom). Ybkmg mwma fbrnorojym Prcdrml Ytuno

^bgjog Drmeogm nmj Pbjbrfotmj hmjym lmlpu lbjmlpujd 64


15/82

xv

lmhmsoswm fmru (Vbduabr Pmdo = gbams) gmrbjm gbtbrfmtmsmj smrmjm.

^mhuj mgmnblog 6004/6008, Prcdrml Ytuno ^bgjog Drmeogm nmj

Pbjbrfotmj lbjojdgmtgmj gmpmsotms nbjdmj lbjbrolm > gbams

(Vbduabr Pmdo 6 gbams nmj Vbduabr Ycrb 6 gbams) nmj 6 gbams ujtug

Prcdrml Ytuno ^bgog Drmeogm gcjsbjtrmso Nbsmoj Drmeos.


16/82

xvo


17/82

MJMAOYOY GBPRMYMJ PBAMJDDMJ

NBJDMJ PBJNBGM^MJ ER[[_ YBVUOIB ]RMAO^_

NMAML RPM_M PBJOJDGM^MJ GRMAO^MY PBAM_MJMJ

(Ytuno Gmsus Kurusmj ^bgjog Drmeogm nmj Pbjbrfotmj

Pcaotbgjog Jbdbro Kmgmrtm)

YGVOPYO

Nomkugmj Rjtug Lblbjuho Pbrsymrmtmj

Guroguaul Ymrkmjm Ytrmtm-=

Cabh ;

Jmlm ; Ymbeua Olml

JVP ; 08=0.9=2.0==

KRVRYMJ ^BGJOG OJNRY^VO

EMGRA^MY ^BGJOGRJOUBVYO^MY PBLFMJDRJMJ JMYOCJMA UB^BVMJ

KMGMV^M

60==


18/82

=

FMF O

PBJNMHRARMJ

=.=.

Amtmr Fbamgmjd Lmsmamh

Pmnm smmt sbgmrmjd ojo lmsymrmgmt sunmh sblmgoj grotos nmj sunmh

fbrcrobjtmso pmnm gumaotms. Pcaotbgjog Jbdbro Kmgmrtm mnmamh sbfumh

ablfmdm pbjnonogmj ymjd lblpujymo eujdso smjdmt pbjtojd nmaml

lmsymrmgmt tbrutmlm nmaml pbrmjjym lbjibrnmsgmj fmjdsm.

Mpmfoam ablfmdm pbjnonogmj nopmjnmjd sbfmdmo smamh smtu fosjos

ymjd iugup lbjkmjkogmj fmjymg gbujtujdmj sbamoj nopmjnmjd nmro sbdo

scsomajym, lmgm gumaotms pbamymjmj sbfumh ablfmdm pbjnonogmj smjdmt

pbjtojd fmdo pbrgblfmjdmj sbfumh ablfmdm pbjnonogmj. Ybamoj otu

pbrsmojdmj mjtmr ablfmdm pbjnonogmj tbrutmlm ablfmdm pbjnonogmj tonmg

tbrgbiumao pbrdurumj tojddo jbdbro sblmgoj gbtmt. Nmaml gcjnoso sbpbrto

ojo smjdmt pbjtojd fmdo sumtu ablfmdm pbjnonogmj nmaml hma ojo

Pcaotbgjog Jbdbro Kmgmrtm Kurusmj ^bgjog Drmeogm nmj Pbjbrfotmj ujtug

nmpmt lbjdbjmao nmj lblbjuho gbfutuhmj gcjsulbjjym nmaml

pbamymjmj nmj smrmjm pbjnonogmj.

Mnm fbfbrmpm lbtcnb ymjd fomsm nodujmgmj ujtug lbjdugur

gbpumsmj pbamjddmj, smamh smtujym mnmamh Ybrvoib ]umaoty ( Ybrvquma ).

Nmaml pbjoamomj pbrsbpso, bgspbgtmso nmj pblfcfctmj pmnm sbrvquma

lbjdhmsoagmj pbjoamomj sbsbcrmjd tbrhmnmp sumtu grotbrom ymjd fbrsoemt

gumaotmtoe mnmamh sufybgtoe nmj sbrojdgmao foms. Nbjdmj lbaohmt


19/82

6

gbtbrfmtmsmj ymjd tbrnmpmt nmaml sbrvquma tbrsbfut lblujdgojgmj

mnmjym ojtbdrmso nmj amjdgmh amjkutmj sbhojddm lbjdhmsoagmj hmsoa ymjd

cfybgtoe nmj rbmaostos ujtug notbrmpgmj. Pbjbaotomj ojo lbjicfm

lbjdojtbdrmsogmj Euzzy-Ybrvquma, nbjdmj lbjddujmgmj lbtcnb ojo

nohmrmpgmj nmpmt lbjmjdgmp foms nmj sufybgtovotms ymjd tbrkmno pmnm

smmt lbjdulpuagmj nmtm lbamauo pbjdosomj gubsocjbr.

Acdogm euzzy lbrupmgmj sbfumh acdogm ymjd lbloaogo joamo

gbgmfurmj mtmu gbsmlmrmj (euzzyjbss) mjtmrm fbjmr nmj smamh sbhojddm

nmaml tbcro acdogmeuzzysbfumh joamo fosm fbrjoamo fbjmr nmj smamh sbimrm

fbrsmlmmj jmluj fbrmpm fbsmr gbfbjmrmj nmj gbsmamhmj sumtu joamo

tbrdmjtujd gbpmnm fcfct gbmjddctmmj ymjd noloaogojym.

Hma ojo lbjkmno mamsmj lbjdmpm pmnm pbjbaotomj ojo lbjicfm

lbjdgclpmrmsogmj mjtmrmeuzzynbjdmjsbrvoib qumaoty,nolmjm pbjoamomj

sgcr futor pbrtmjymmj pmnm gubsocjbr lbjddujmgmj holpujmj euzzy

(euzzy sbt) ymotu pbjdbaclpcgmj sgcr futor pbrtmjymmj fbrnmsmrgmj

vmromfba fmhmsm (aojduostog vmromfab)ymjd noojtbdrmsogmj nbjdmj lbtcnb

sbrvoib qumaoty.

Fbrnmsmrgmj sbnogot amtmr fbamgmjd lmsmamh nomtms, pbjbaotomj ojo

lblfmhms tbjtmjd pbjdugurmj tojdgmt gbpumsmj pbamjddmj

lbjddujmgmj mpaogmso Euzzy-Ybrvquma nmaml upmym pbrfmogmj nmj

pbjojdgmtmj gumaotms pbamymjmj pbjnonogmj pmnm Kurusmj ^bgjog Drmeogm

Pbjbrfotmj, Pcaotbgjog Jbdbro Kmgmrtm.


20/82

9

=.6.

Pbrulusmj Lmsmamh

Ablfmdm Pbjnonogmj mnmamh sbfumh gbdomtmj ymjd lbamymjo

gcjsulbj, fbrupm luron, soswm, hmhmsoswm nmj kudm lmsymrmgmt ulul

ymjd nogbjma sbfmdmo stmgbhcanbr. Ablfmdm pbjnonogmj pmnm

hmgbgmtjym fbrtukumj lblfbro amymjmj. Cabh sbfmf otu gumaotms

pbamymjmj pmnm ojtotuso pbjnonogmj lbjkmno smjdmt pbjtojd nmj hmrus

lbjkmno procrotms utmlm ujtug sbamau nokmdm nmj notojdgmtgmj.

Rjtug lbjkmdm nmj lbjojdgmtgmj gumaotms pbamymjmj nopbraugmj

mjmaosos sbimrm tbrpmnu tbrhmnmp gumaotms pbamymjmj ymjd tbamh nofbrogmj

sbamlm ojo, nolmjm nbjdmj mjmaosos ojoamh nmpmt nogbtmhuo mpmgmh kmsm

pbamymjmj pbjnonogmj pmnm Pcaotbgjog Jbdbro Kmgmrtm ghususjym Kurusmj

^bgjog Drmeogm Pbjbrfotmj tbamh lblfbrogmj gbpumsmmj gbpmnm

gcjsulbj nmj mpm ymjd lbjkmno hmrmpmj gcjsulbj nmpmt nogbtmhuo

sbsumo nbjdmj urutmj procrotms utmlm.

=.9.^ukumj nmj Lmjemmt Pbjbaotomj

Mnmpuj tukumj nmro pbjbaotomj ojo mnmamh ;

=.

Lbjdbtmhuo gbsbsumomj mjtmrm pbrsbpso nmj hmrmpmj nmro pbjddujm

kmsm pbamymjmj pbjnonogmj Kurusmj ^bgjog Drmeogm Pbjbrfotmj,


6.

Lbjdbtmhuo gbsbsumomj mjtmrm pbrsbpso nmj hmrmpmj nmro pbjddujm

kmsm pbamymjmj emsoaotms pbjujkmjd Kurusmj ^bgjog Drmeogm Pbjbrfotmj,



21/82

>

Mnmpuj lmjemmt ymjd nmpmt nomlfoa nmro pbjbaotomj ojo mnmamh ;

=.

Ybfmdmo lmsugmj fmdo Kurusmj ^bgjog Drmeogm Pbjbrfotmj, Pcaotbgjog

Jbdbro Kmgmrtm nmaml rmjdgm pbjdblfmjdmj gumaotms kmsm pbamymjmj

pbjnonogmj gbpmnm gcjsulbj.

6.

Ybfmdmo bvmaumso pblfmjnojd nmaml pbjbaotomj-pbjbaotomj sbkbjos.

=.>.

Fmtmsmj Lmsmamh

Mdmr pbrlmsmamhmj nmpmt nosbabsmogmj nbjdmj sostblmtos, oalomh,

cfybgtoe nmj tbrmrmh lmgm pbrau nofmtmso, fmtmsmj lmsmamhjym mnmamh

sbfmdmo fbrogut ;

=.

Pbjbaotomj noamgugmj pmnm kmsm pbamymjmj pbjnonogmj nmj smrmjm

pbjujkmjdjym no Kurusmj ^bgjog Drmeogm Pbjbrfotmj, Pcaotbgjog

Jbdbro Kmgmrtm.

6.

Pbjybfmrmj gubsocjbr gbpmnm lmhmsoswm mgtoe mjdgmtmj 6008/600?

tmhuj mgmnblog 60=0/60==.

9.

Lbtcnb ymjd nodujmgmj nmaml pbjbaotomj ojo mnmamh nbjdmj

lbjddujmgmjEuzzy-Ybrvquma.

=.2.

Yostblmtogm Pbjuaosmj

Fmf O Pbjnmhuaumj

No nmamljym lbjimgup amtmr fbamgmjd lmsmamh, pbrulusmj

lmsmamh, tukumj pbjbaotomj, gbdujmmj pbjbaotomj nmj

sostblmtogm pbjyusujmj ampcrmj.


22/82

2

Fmf OO Amjnmsmj ^bcro

Fbroso tbjtmjd tbcro-tbcro lbjdbjmo sbrvoibqumaoty, lbtcnb

euzzynmj tbcro-tbcro amoj ymjd lbjnugujd pbjbaotomj ojo.

Fmf OOO Lbtcncacdo Pbjbaotomj

Fbroso pblfmhmsmj lbjdbjmo amjdgmh-amjdgmh ymjd mgmj

noamgsmjmgmj nmaml pbjbaotomj ojo, ymjd lbrupmgmj tmhmpmj

sostblmtos ujtug lblfmjtu pblbimhmj lmsmamh.

Fmf OU Pbjdulpuamj nmj Pbjdcamhmj Nmtm

Pmnm fmf ojo mgmj nosmkogmj lbjdbjmo pbjdulpuamj nmtm,

pbjdukomj nmtm nmj pbjdcamhmj nmtm.

Fmf U Mjmaosm Nmtm

Pmnm fmf ojo mgmj nosmkogmj lbjdbjmo mjmaosm nmtm nmro

pbjdukomj nmj pbjdcamhmj nmtm.

Fmf UO Pbjutup

Fbroso gbsolpuamj nmro sbrmjdgmomj pblfmhmsmj pmnm fmf

sbfbauljym nmj fbrnmsmrgmj gbsolpuamj tbrsbfut nosmkogmj

smrmj-smrmj ymjd lujdgoj fbrlmjemmt fmdo Ojstmjso.


23/82

5

FMF OO

AMJNMYMJ ^BCVO

6.=.Hmsoa Pbjbaotomj ^brnmhuau

6.=.=. Rsmhm Pbjojdgmtmj Gumaotms Pbamymjmj Nbjdmj PbjnbgmtmjEuzzy

Nmj Lbtcnb Ybrvoib ]umaotyPmnm Pusmt Pbrfbamjkmmj Mssmamml

Hypbrlmrgbt

Mssmamml Hypbrlmrgbt lbrupmgmj sumtu pbrusmhmmj ymjd

fbrdbrmg nmaml fonmjd kmsm ymjd tbrus fbrhufujdmj nbjdmj

pbamjddmj. Nbjdmj nblogomj pbrau mnmjym pbjojdgmtmj gumaotms

pbamymjmj ymjd nofbrogmj sbhojddm pmrm pbamjddmj lbrmsm jymlmj

nmj pums, nmj pbrau mnmjym sbfumh lbtcnb ujtug lbjdugur

gumaotms pbamymjmj Mssmamml Hypbrlmrgbt. Amjdgmh-amjdgmh

pbjdulpuamj nmtm noamgugmj nbjdmj cfsbrvmso nmj pbjybfmrmj

guosocjbr nmro fbfbrmpm grotbrom. Grotbrom-grotbrom tbrbfut nopbrcabh

lbamauo wmwmjimrm nmj stuno pustmgm. Lbtcnb ymjd nodujmgmj

ujtug lbjdugur gumaotms pbamymjmj lbjddujmgmjEuzzy Ybrvquma.

Hmsoa pbjdcamhmj nmtm, nopbrcabh fmhwm joamo euzzy-sbrvquma pbr

irotbrom sbimrm gbsbauruhmj lbloaogo joamo jbdmtoe sbhojddm

Mssmamml Hypbrlmrgbt pbrau lbamgugmj pbrfmogmj nosblum

grotbrom. Hma ojo kudm lbjujkuggmj fmhwm hmrmpmj pbamjddmj

fbaul sbsumo nbjdmj pbrsbpso pbamymjmj ymjd lbrbgm tbrolm.

Nbjdmj Hmsoa tbrsbfut pohmg lmjmkblbj Mssmamml Hypbrlmrgbt

pbrau sbdbrm lbamgugmj pbrfmogmj gumaotms pbamymjmj nblo lbjmrog


24/82

4

pbamjddmj. Grotbrom tblpmt pmrgbr ymjd aums lbrupmgmj hma utmlm

ymjd nogbauhgmj pbamjddmj, sbnmjdgmj grotbroml acgmso ymjd

lunmh nokmjdgmu nmj strmtbdos gurmjd nopbrhmtogmj pbamjddmj

gmrbjm lbloaogo dmp pbrsbpso nmj hmrmpmj pbamjddmj tbrgbioa.

(Ncnog Erbnc Jurnoymjtc, 6008)

6.=.6. Mjmaosos Gbpumsmj Pbamjddmj Nbjdmj PbjnbgmtmjEuzzy Ybrvoib

]umaotyNmaml Rpmym Pbjojdgmtmj Gumaotms Pbamymjmj (Ytuno

Gmsus Pusgbslms Gbrkc)

Yblmgoj gbtmtjym pbrsmojdmj sbrtm pbamjddmj ymjd sblmgoj

sbabgtoe nmj fbrpbjdbtmhumj lbjdhmrusgmj Pusgbslms Gbrkc

Gmrmjdmjymr ujtug sbamau lbjojdgmtgmj gumaotms pbamymjmjjym.

Hma tbrsbfut lbjsymrmtgmj mnmjym pbjdbtmhumj tbjtmjd gcjnoso

pbamymjmj sbamlm ojo, ymotu tbamh sbsumo nbjdmj hmrmpmj pbamjddmj

mtmu fbaul. Pbjbaotomj noamgugmj nbjdmj lbjybfmrgmj gubsocjbr

pbrsbpso nmj hmrmpmj pbamjddmj tbrhmnmp pbamymjmj ymjd smmt ojo

nofbrogmj cabh pohmg Pusgbslms Gbrkc. Nmro hmsoa pbjbaotomj ymjd

tbamh noamgugmj, nonmpmtgmj joamo dmp mjtmrm pbrsbpso nmj hmrmpmj

ymjd iugup sodjoeogmj. Nmro hmsoa pbrhotujdmj nonmpmtgmj joamo dmp

grotbrom pbamymjmj tbrtojddo mnmamh pbamymjmj pblbrogsmmj,

pbjdcfmtmj, nmj pbrmwmtmj ymjd tbpmt sbfbsmr -9,6. Joamo dmp

nolbjso gumaotms kmsm pbamymjmj tbrtojddo mnmamh nolbjso rbaomfoaoty

sbfbsmr -9,=. Ybnmjdgmj joamo dmp mjtmrm pbrsbpso nmj hmrmpmj

pbamjddmj sbfmdmo ojnbgs pbamjddmj mnmamh sbfbsmr -9,95=. Hma ojo

lbjujkuggmj fmhwm gbpumsmj pbjddujm kmsm pbamymjmj no


25/82

8

Pusgbslms Gbrkc tbrhmnmp pbamymjmj ymjd smmt ojo nofbrogmj lmsoh

fbaul tbrimpmo. (Nkujmono, ngg.6005)

6.=.9.

Mpaogmso Euzzy-Ybrvquma Rjtug Onbjtoeogmso Prbebrbjso Gbpumsmj

Gcjsulbj

Cptolmso pbamymjmj gbpmnm gcjsulbj mtmu pblfbao hmrus

noutmlmgmj cabh pohmgpbjdbacam nbmabr, gmrbjm hma ojo lbrupmgmj

smamh smtu tujtutmj ymjd nohmrmpgmj gcjsulbj nmj lbrupmgmj

smamh smtu gujio ujtug nmpmt lblbjmjdgmj pbrsmojdmj nbjdmj

nbmabr-nbmabrymjd amoj tbrutmlm nbmabr-nbmabr pbjybnom gbjnmrmmj

fbgms. Ybhojddm nohmrmpgmj nmpmt lbjojdgmtgmj pbjkumamj.

Lbtcnb sbrvquma lbrupmgmj lbtcnb ymjd nodujmgmj ujtug

lbjdbtmhuo grotbrom-grotbrom gumaotms ymjd hmrus notojdgmtgmj

gumaotms pbamymjmjjymfbrnmsmrgmj dmp ymjd tbrkmno mjtmrm pbrsbpso

nmj hmrmpmj gcjsulbj. Hmsoa pbjbaotomj ymjd tbamh noamgugmj

lbjujkuggmj fmhwm mnm aolm grotbrom ymjd hmrus nopbrhmtogmj nmj

pbrau ujtug notojdgmtgmj pbamymjmjjym cabh pohmg pbjdbacam RN.

Iotrm Ymjtcsm Lctcr ymotu;pbamymjmj gbpmnm pblfbao (iustclbr

sbrvoib) nbjdmj joamo 0,02>, gcjnoso gbjnmrmmj fbgms ymjd

notmwmrgmj nbjdmj joamo 0,0>>, hmrdm gbjnmrmmj ymjd notmwmrgmj

nbjdmj joamo -0,064, gbabjdgmpmj emsoaotms nmj acgmso nbmabr ymjd

strmtbdos nbjdmj joamo 0,024, sbrtm kmlojmjdmrmjso ymjd nofbrogmj

nbjdmj joamo 0,04=(Jmjnorch & Hmrymjtc, 6005)


26/82

?

6.6.

Pbjdbrtomj Gbpumsmj Gcjsulbj

Gctabr (=??4 ; =0). Gbpumsmj pbamjddmj fbrgmot brmt nbjdmj lutu,

lutu lblpujymo nmlpmg amjdsujd pmnm prbstmso prcnug, nmj nblogomj

gbpumsmj pbamjddmj. Rjtug lbjdbtmhuo lmsmamh gbpumsmj gcjsulbj

tbjtmjd gumaotms pbamymjmj ymjd mgmj notbrolm cabh gcjsulbj tbrabfoh

nmhuau hmrus nonmpmt sumtu pbjdbrtomj lbjdbjmo mrto gbpumsmj otu sbjnoro.

Gbpumsmj lbrupmgmj sumtu rbspcj mebgso mtmu blcso sbsbcrmjd tbrhmnmp

sbsumtu hma.

Gbpumsmj gcjsulbj lbrupmgmj gbfutuhmj nmsmr ymjd nmpmt

nodmlfmrgmj sbfmdmo sumtu hma ymjd lbjybjmjdgmj. Gbfutuhmj nmsmr ojo

lujiua gmrbjm mnmjym ncrcjdmj-ncrcjdmj tbrtbjtu ymjd hmrus nosmaurgmj.

Vmsm pums mgmj lujiua kogm ncrcjdmj tbrsbfut tonmg nosmaurgmj lmgm mgmj

lujiua rmsm tonmg pums. Yborojd nbjdmj gblmkumj pbrgblfmjdmj

tbgjcacdo, tujtutmj gcjsulbj mgmj amymjmj ymjd fbrgumaotms sblmgoj

lbjojdgmt.

Nmhuau gcjsulbj lblfbao sumtu prcnug mtmu kmsm hmjym fbrnmsmr

pmnm gbfutuhmj smkm. Ybgmrmjd ojo gcjsulbj abfoh fbrsoemt lbjujtut sbrtm

abfoh lblpbrhmtogmj lmsmamh gumaotms sbhojddm gbpumsmj profmno lbjkmno

sblmiml gbfutuhmj ymjd sbamau ojdoj nopbjuho. Gcjnoso sbpbrto otu

lbjybfmfgmj prcnusbj fbrusmhm lbjnbgmto gcjsulbj. Gbpumsmj

gcjsulbj nmpmt nosolpuagmj sbfmdmo sumtu pbrmsmmj pcsotop mtmu

lbjybjmjdgmj ymjd nopbrcabh sbsbcrmjd tbrhmnmp kmsm ymjd tbamh


27/82

=0

nofbaojym sbtbamh lblfmjnojdgmj hmrmpmj nbjdmj gbjymtmmj ymjd

nofbrogmj kmsm tbrsbfut.

6.9.Kmsm

Kmsm mnmamh sbtomp tojnmgmj mtmu pbrfumtmj ymjd nmpmt notmwmrgmj

cabh sumtu pohmg gbpmnm pohmg amoj, ymjd pmnm nmsmrjym fbrsoemt ojtmjdofab

(tonmg fbrwukun eosog) nmj tonmg lbjdhmsoagmj gbpbloaogmj sbsumtu.

(Gctabr, =??4; 89). Kmsm kudm lbloaogo gmrmgtbrostog utmlm ymjd

lblfbnmgmjjym nbjdmj fmrmjd, ymotu ;

=.Ojtmjdofoaoty(tonmg fbrwukun)

Fbrfbnm nbjdmj fmrmjd ymjd lbrupmgmj cfybg, mamt mtmu fbjnm

sbnmjdgmj kmsm mnmamh pbrfumtmj, gojbrkm mtmu usmhm.

6.Ojsbpmrmfoaoty(tonmg nmpmt noposmhgmj)

Pmnm ululjym kmsm noprcnugso nmj nogcjsulso fbrsmlmmj.

9. Umromfoaoty (fbrufmh-ufmh)

Fbrsoemt vmromfba mrtojym fmjymg vmromso fbjtug, gumaotms nmj kbjosjym

tbrdmjtujd pmnm sompm, gmpmj nmj nolmjm kmsm tbrsbfut nohmsoagmj.

>.Pbrshmfoaoty (nmym tmhmj).

Kmsm tonmg nmpmt nosolpmj, hma ojo tonmg lbjkmno lmsmamh kogm

pbrlojtmmjjym tbtmp gmrbjm ujtug lbjyompgmj pbamymjmj ujtug

pbrlojtmmj tbrsbfut lunmh tmpo mpmfoam fbreaugtumso, fbrfmdmo

pbrlmsmamhmj lujiua.(Gctabr, =??4; 8>).


28/82

==

6.>.

Nolbjso Gumaotms Kmsm

Fbfbrmpm pmgmr pblmsmrmj sbpbrto Pmsurmlmj, [bothmal nmj

Fbrry lbamgugmj fbfbrmpm pbjbaotomj ghusus tbrhmnmp fbfbrmpm kbjos kmsm

nmj lbjdonbjtoeogmso emgtcr ymjd lblpbjdmruho gumaotms kmsm ymjd fomsm

nosbfut sbfmdmo nolbjso gumaotms, ymotu ;

=) Vbaomfoaoty, lbjimgup num hma pcgcg, ymotu gcjsostbjso gbrkm

(pbrecrlmjib) nmj gblmlpumj ujtug nopbrimym (nbpbjnmfoaoty)

6) Vbspcjsovbjbss, ymotu gblmumj pmrm gmrymwmj ujtug lblfbrogmj

kmsm ymjd nofutuhgmj pbamjddmj.

9) ^mjdofabs, ymotu fugto eosog nmro kmsm, fosm fbrupm emsoaotms eosog,

pbrmamtmj ymjd nopbrdujmgmj, rbprbsbjtmso eosog nmro kmsm.

>) Ybiuroty,ymotu mlmj nmro fmhmym, rbsogc mtmu gbrmdu-rmdumj. Mspbg

ojo lbaoputo gbmlmjmj sbimrm eosog, eojmjsoma nmj gbrmhmsommj.

2) Irbnofoaoty, ymotu soemt kukur nmj nmpmt nopbrimym. Grbnofoaotms

lbjimgup jmlm pbrusmhmmj, rbputmso pbrusmhmmj, gmrmgtbrostog

profmno, icjtmit pbrscjba nmj ojtbrmgso nbjdmj pbamjddmj.

5) Icllujoimtocj, mrtojym lblfbrogmj ojecrlmso gbpmnm pbamjddmj

nmaml fmhmsm ymjd nmpmt lbrbgm pmhmlosbrtm sbamau lbjnbjdmr

gbauhmj nmj smrmj pbamjddmj.

4) Rjnbrstmjnojd Gjcwojd ^hb Icstulbr , ymotu usmhm ujtug

lblmhmlo gbfutuhmj pbamjddmj.


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=6

8) Iclpbtbjib, ymotu sbtomp crmjd nmaml pbrusmhmmj lbloaogo

gbtrmlpoamj nmj pbjdbtmhumj ymjd nofutuhgmj mdmrnmpmt

lblfbrogmj kmsm tbrtbjtu.

?) Miibs, lbaoputo gblunmhmj ujtug nohufujdo mtmu notbluo.

=0) Icurtbsy, lbaoputo sogmp scpmj smjtuj, rbspbg, pbrhmtomj nmj

gbrmlmhmj ymjd noloaogo pmrm icjtmit pbrscj.

Nmaml pbrgblfmjdmj sbamjkutjym notblugmj fmhwm sbpuauh nolbjso

ymjd mnm nmpmt normjdgul lbjkmno aolm nolbjso pcgcg, ymotu ;

=) ^mjdofabs (fugto amjdsujd) lbaoputo emsoaotms eosog, pbrabjdgmpmj,

pbdmwmo nmj smrmjm gclujogmso.

6) Vbaomfoaoty (gbmjnmamj) ymotu gblmlpumj lblfbrogmj pbamymjmj

ymjd nokmjkogmj nbjdmj sbdbrm, mgurmt nmj lblumsgmj.

9) Vbspcjsovbjbss (nmym tmjddmp) ymotu gbojdojmj pmrm stmee ujtug

lblfbjtug pmrm pbamjddmj nmj lblfbrogmj pbamymjmj nbjdmj

tmjddmp.

>) Mssurmjib (kmlojmj) ymjd lbjimgup pbjdbtmhumj, gblmlpumj,

gbscpmjmj nmj soemt nmpmt nopbrimym ymjd noloaogo pmrm stme fbfms

nmro fmhmym, rbsogc mtmu gbrmdu-rmdumj.

2) Blphmty (blpmto) lbaoputo gblunmhmj nmaml lbamgugmj hufujdmj,

gclujogmso ymjd fmog, pbrhmtomj profmno nmj lblmhmlo gbfutuhmj

pbamjddmj.


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=9

6.2. LbtcnbYbrvoib ]umaoty

6.2.= Nbeojoso Ybrvoib ]umaoty ;

Ybrvoib qumaoty nmpmt nonbeojosogmj sbfmdmo sbfbrmpm kmuh

pbrfbnmmj mjtmrm gbjymtmmj nmj hmrmpmj pmrm pbamjddmj mtms amymjmj

ymjd notbrolm. Ybrvoib qumaoty nmpmt nogbtmhuo nbjdmj imrm

lblfmjnojdgmj pbrsbpso pmrm pbamjddmj mtms amymjmj nbjdmj

amymjmj ymjd fbjmr-fbjmr lbrbgm tbrolm (Ycbtkoptc, =??4).

Lbjurut Pmrmsurmlmj (Ycbtkoptc, =??4) ; Ybrvoib ]umaoty

nonbeojosogmj lbrupmgmj hmrmpmj sbfmdmo gbojddojmj pmrm pbamjddmj

gbtolfmjdmj amymjmj ymjd lujdgoj nofbrogmj pbrusmhmmj.

Eotzsollcjs & Eotzsollcjs (nmaml Ycbtkoptc, =??4),

lbjymtmgmj fmhwm Ybrvoib ]umaoty nmpmt nogbtmhuo nbjdmj imrm

lblfmjnojdgmj pbrsbpso pmrm pbamjddmj mtms amymjmj ymjd jymtm-

jymtm lbrbgm tbrolm/pbrcabh nbjdmj amymjmj ymjd sbsujdduhjym

lbrbgm hmrmpgmj/ojdojgmj. Kogm gbjymtmmj abfoh nmro ymjd

nohmrmpgmj,lmgm amymjmj nmpmt nogmtmgmj fbrlutu. Ybnmjdgmj kogm

gbjymtmmj gurmjd nmro ymjd nohmrmpgmj lmgm amymjmj nmpmt

nogmtmgmj gurmjdfbrlutu, mpmfoam gbjymtmmj smlm nbjdmj ymjd

nohmrmpgmj lmgmamymjmj nogmtmgmj lblumsgmj.

Voihmrn Guihn nmj Dcanbj (nmaml Ycbtkoptc, =??4) lbjduams

tbjtmjd pbrmj strmtbdos lutu amymjmj pmnm pbamjddmj (nogbjma

nbjdmj ostoamh Ybrvoib ]umaoty), lbjurut lbrbgm, pmnm lmsm ymjd

mgmj nmtojd pmrm pbamjddmj mgmj lblbdmjd pbrmj gujio


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=>

gbfbrhmsoamj pbrusmhmmj. Hma ojo lblmgsm pbrusmhmmj-pbrusmhmmj

ujtug abfoh fbrcrobjtmso bgstbrjma nbjdmj imrm lblfbrogmj

pbamymjmj nbjdmj lutu ymjd sbfmog lujdgoj pmnm pmrm pbamjddmj

lbrbgm.

Nolbjso Ybrvoib ]umaoty mgmj fbrpbjdmruh tbrhmnmp hmrmpmj

pmrm pbamjddmj nmj gbjymtmmj ymjd tbrolm cabh pbamjddmj nmaml

lbjdujmgmj kmsm ymjd nofbrogmj cabh pohmg pbrusmhmmj. Lbjurut

Eotzsollcjs nmj Eotzsollcjs (nmaml Ycbtkoptc, =??4) lbjymtmgmj

fmhwm hmrmpmj pbamjddmj ojo nonmsmrgmj pmnm ojecrlmso ymjd

nosmlpmogmj nmro luaut gb luaut, gbfutuhmj profmno, pbjdmamlmj

nolmsm amau nmj gclujogmso bgstbrjma (ogamj nmj fbrfmdmo fbjtug

prclcso amojjym).

Pmrmsurmlmj, [bothmla nmj Fbrry ( nmaml K. Yuprmjtc, =??4 )

lbjdblugmgmj sbfumh lcnba nmj lbjyusuj fbfbrmpm miumj ymjd

nmpmt nopmgmo sbfmdmo pbnclmj nmaml strmtbdo pbjybsumomj/amjdgmh

mjtmrm ymjd nohmrmpgmj pbamjddmj nbjdmj gojbrkm

crdmjosmso/pbrusmhmmj. Nmaml hma ojo mnm aolm gbsbjkmjdmj (Dmp)

ymjd lbjybfmfgmj pbjymkomj/pbjymlpmomj pbamymjmj tonmg fbrhmsoa,

ymotu ;

=. Gbsbjkmjdmj mjtmrm hmrmpmj gcjsulbj nmj pmjnmjdmj

lmjmkblbj. Nolmjm pohmg lmjmkblbj tonmg sbamau lbrmsmgmj

nbjdmj tbpmt mpm ymjd noojdojgmj mtmu fmdmolmjm pbjoamomj

gcjsulbj tbrhmnmp gclpcjbj pbamymjmj.


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6. Gbsbjkmjdmj mjtmrm pmjnmjdmj/pbrsbpso lmjmkblbj nmj

spbsoeogmso lutu pbamymjmj. Nolmjm pohmg lmjmkblbj lujdgoj

smkm fbaul mtmu tonmg lbjbtmpgmj sumtu stmjnmr gumaotms ymjd

kbams/mnm tbtmpo tonmg rbmaostos.

9. Gbsbjkmjdmj mjtmrm lutu pbamymjmj nmj smkomj/pbjymlpmomj

pbamymjmj ( sbrvoib nbaovbry ) Nolmjm fmjymg emgtcr ymjd

lblpbjdmruho smkomj pbamymjmj. Pbrscmamj utmlm nomjtmrmjym

lujdgoj gmrymwmj ymjd gurmjd tbramtoh/fbgbrkm lbabfoho

gmpmsotmsjym, gcjnoso lbjtma ymjd rbjnmh, pbrmamtmj ymjd rusmg

nmj amojjym.

>. Gbsbjkmjdmj mjtmrm pbjymkomj pbamymjmj nmj gclujogmso

bgstbrjma. Hmrmpmj pbamjddmj nopbjdmruho cabh pbrjymtmmj mtmu

kmjko ymjd luaug-luaug cabh polpojmj pbrusmhmmj lbamauo

ogamj, tbtmpo gbjymtmmj amoj.

2. Gbsbjkmjdmj mjtmrm ymjd nomamlo nmj ymjd nohmrmpgmj.

^brkmno foam lmjm pbamjddmj lbjdugur gojbrkm pbrusmhmmj

nbjdmj imrm ymjd fbrfbnm nmj lbloaogo pbrsbpso ymjd gbaoru

lbjdbjmo gumaotms kmsm.

6.2.6 Pbjbrmpmj Lbtcnb Ybrvoib ]umaoty ;

Lbtcnb sbrvqumalbrupmgmj lbtcnb ymjd nodujmgmj ujtug

lbjdbtmhuo grotbrom-grotbrom gumaotms ymjd hmrus notojdgmtgmj gumaotms

pbamymjmjjym fbrnmsmrgmj dmp ymjd tbrkmno mjtmrm pbrsbpso nmj

hmrmpmj pbamjddmj ( Jurlomjtc; 60067 Jmjnorch, 6005;=6>). Lbtcnb


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=5

sbrvquma sbjnoro tbrnoro nmro num fmdomj, ymotu pbjoamomj nmj

pblfcfctmj. Pbjoamomj noamgugmj nbjdmj lbjybfmrgmj gubsocjbr

nolmjm sbcrmjd pmrtosopmj lbjymtmgmj pbrsbpso nmj bgspbgtmsojym.

Pblfcfctmj noamgugmj nbjdmj lbjybfmrgmj gubsocjbr nolmjm

sbcrmjd pmrtosopmj lblfbrogmj fcfct ( icjstmjt sul rmtojd simab )

ujtug gbaolm nolbjso utmlm kmsm tbrsbfut.

6.5. ^bcro Euzzy

Pbjibtus dmdmsmj acdogm euzzy mnmamh Prce. A. M. [mnbh (=?52)

nmro Imaoecrjom Rjovbrsoty. (Yro Gusulmnbwo 6006 ; 0=). Pmnm projsopjym

holpujmj euzzymnmamh pbraumsmj holpujmj irosp, ymotu holpujmj ymjd

lblfmdo sbgbaclpcg ojnovonu gb nmaml num gmtbdcro,ymotu mjddctm nmj

fugmj mjddctm.

Ybfbaul lujiuajym tbcry acdogm euzzy (euzzy Acdoi), nogbjma

sbfumh acdogm tbdms (Irosp Acdoi) ymjd lbloaogo nmsmr mtmu smamh sbimrm

tbdms. Ybfmaogjym acdogm Euzzy lbrupmgmj sbfumh acdogm ymjd lbloaogo

joamo gbgmfurmj mtmu gbsmlmrmj(euzzyjbss) mjtmrm fbjmr nmj smamh sbimrm

fbrsmlmmj jmluj fbrmpm fbsmr gbfbjmrmj nmj gbsmamhmj sumtu joamo

tbrdmjtujd gbpmnm fcfct gbmjddctmmj ymjd noloaogojym.

Nmaml hmlpor sbtomp sostbl rbgmymsm, nogbjma num sulfbr

ojecrlmso ymjd pbjtojd ; sbjscr ymjd lblfbrogmj pbjdugurmj julbrog

nmro sumtu vmromfba, nmj pmgmr (lmjusom) ymjd lblfbrogmj ojstrugso nmj

nbsgropso tbjtmjd sostbl sbimrm aojduostog. Ojecrlmso ymjd nonmpmtgmj nmro

sbjscr mnmamh ojecrlmso julbrog nmj ojecrlmso ymjd fbrmsma nmro lmjusom


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mnmamh ojecrlmso aojduostog. Ojecrlmso julbrog nojymtmgmj nmaml

foamjdmj, sbnmjdgmj ojecrlmso aojduostog nojymtmgmj nmaml gmtm-gmtm

sbpbrto gbioa, fbsmr, smjdmt fbsmr nmj sbfmdmojym. Pbjnbgmtmj nmaml

rbgmymsm ymjd gcjvbjsocjma hmjym nmpmt lblmjemmtgmj ojecrlmso

julbrog nmj lbjdmamlo gbsuaotmj nmaml lblmjemmtgmj ojecrlmso

aojduostog.

Mamsmj ojecrlmso aojduostog sbrojd norbprbsbjtmsogmj nmaml ostoamh euzzy

mnmamh ;

=)

Gclujogmso ymjd noamgugmj abfoh icicg nmj beosobj kogm noamgugmj

nmaml ostoamh euzzy. Kogm pbrtugmrmj ojecrlmso noamgugmj nmaml

mjdgm-mjdgm mgmj tbrmsm kmjddma, lbsgopuj mjdgm-mjdgm lbloaogo

tojdgmt prbsoso ymjd tojddo.

6)

Pbjdbtmhumj gotm tbjtmjd sumtu hma pmnm nmsmrjym mnmamh euzzy.

Ybrojdgmao gotm lbjdbrto mgmj sumtu tbcro, tbtmpo gotm tonmg ymgoj

sbimrm lbjnbtmoa.

9)

Fmjymg sostbl jymtm ymjd tbramau gclpabgs kogm nodmlfmrgmj nmaml

ostoamh irosp (tbdms). Ybrojdgmao ojecrlmso pbjtojd lbjdbjmo sumtu

sostbl tonmg prbsoso, nmj gmnmjdgmam hmjym ojecrlmso tbrsbfut ymjd

gotm pbrcabh.

Ytrmtbdo ujtug lbjdgclfojmsogmj ojecrlmso julbrog nmj ojecrlmso

aojduostog lbjddujmgmj sostbleuzzy;


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=)

Lbjddujmgmj ojecrlmso julbrog nmj ojecrlmso aojduostog ujtug

lblfmjduj num sostbleuzzyymjd fbrfbnm, gblunomj tbjtugmj rmtm-

rmtmjym ujtug lblpbrcabh sostbleuzzy eojma.

6)

Lbjddujmgmj ojecrlmso aojduostog ujtug lblfmjduj sumtu sostbl

euzzy, gblunomj nomtur pmrmlbtbrjym fbrnmsmrgmj mtms ojecrlmso

julbrog. Yostbl euzzyymjd nopbrcabh mnmamh sostbl ymjd tbrfbjtug

mtms gbnum ojecrlmso julbrog nmj aojduostoi.

6.4.

^bcro Ybt Euzzy

Euzzy Ybt lbrupmgmj pbjdbaclpcgmj sbsumtmu fbrnmsmrgmj

vmromfab fmhmsm (aojduostoi vmromfab), ymjd nojymtmgmj nmaml eujdso

gbmjddctmmj. Nonmaml sblbstm pblfoimrmmj (ujovbrsb ce nosicursb) R,

Eujdso gbmjddctmmj nmro sumtu holpujmj euzzy tbrsbfut fbrjoamo mjtmrm 0,0

smlpmo nbjdmj =,0.

^bcroeuzzysbt ymjd pbrtmlm gmao nopbrgbjmagmj cabh[mnbh (=?52),

tbamh nogblfmjdgmj ujtug lbjybabsmogmj pbrlmsmamhmj nolmjm nbsgropso

mgtovotms, cfsbrvmso nmj pbjoamomj mnmamh sufybgtoe, tonmg pmsto nmj tonmg

prbsososo. Gmtm euzzy ululjym lbjdmrmh pmnm sotumso nolmjm tonmg mnm

fmtms nmro mgtovotms nmj pbjoamomj ymjd nmpmt nonbeojosogmj sbimrm tbpmt.

Ybfmdmo icjtch, gotm nmpmt nbjdmj lunmh lbjddcacjdgmj crmjd ymjd

fbrusom 66 tmhuj gbnmaml gbams abamgo lunm, sblbjtmrm otu tonmg lunmh

ujtug lbjbjtugmj mpmgmh prom ymjd fbrusom 92 tmhuj kudm tbrlmsug

gbnmaml gbams tbrsbfut, gmrbjm gmtm lunm tonmg lbloaogo fmtmsmj ymjd

kbams. Ybsumtu ymjd fbrsoemt euzzy sbpbrto ojo smjdmt sbrojd nokulpmo


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=?

nmaml gbhonupmj sbhmro-hmro, sbpbrto gbams pbjtojd pmnm iustclbr jbbn,

gbams ujtug lcfoa fmdus, nmj sbfmdmojym. Hma ojo nmpmt noprbsbjtmsogmj

nbjdmj fmog nbjdmj lbjddujmgmj tbcroeuzzy.

^bcro sbt euzzy lblfbrogmj smrmjm ujtug lblprbsbjtmsogmj

gbtonmgpmstomj nmj lbrupmgmj mamt ymjd fmdus ujtug pblcnbamj

gbtonmgpmstomj ymjd fbrhufujdmj nbjdmj gbsmlmrmj, gbtonmgprbsosomj nmj

gbgurmjdmj ojecrlmso lbjdbjmo bablbj tbrtbjtu nmro prcfabl ymjd

nohmnmpo. Gbgumtmj ymjd lbjnmsmro tbcro sbt euzzy mnmamh lbjddujmgmj

vmromfba aojduostog nmropmnm vmromfba gumjtotmtoe ujtug lbrbprbsbjtmsogmj

gcjsbp ymjd tonmg prbsoso. Ybt euzzy lbrupmgmj sumtu sbt ymjd

lbjdmjnujd bablbj-bablbj ymjd lblpujymo nbrmkmt gbmjddctmmj ymjd

fbrfbnm-fbnm nmj smjdmt gcjtrms nbjdmj sbt gamsog (irosp), gmrbjm mjddctm

sbt irosp tonmg mgmj lbjkmno mjddctm gbiumao mpmfoam gbmjddctmmjjym

pbjuh nmaml sbt tbrsbfut, sbnmjdgmj nmaml sbteuzzyujtug nmpmt lbjkmno

mjddctm tonmg pbrau abjdgmp.

^bcro tbjtmjd euzzy sbt nojymtmgmj nbjdmj sbfumh sufsbt M nmro

sblbstm X, nolmjm trmjsoso mjtmrm gbmjddctmmj pbjuh nmj fugmj mjddctm

abfoh fbrsoemt drmnuma(fbrnbrmkmt ). Ybfumh joamo nmaml ojtbrvma W0,=\

lblpujymo nbrmkmt gbmjddctmmj (


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nbjdmj eujdso gbmjddctmmj (x) ymjd lbjdhufujdgmj sbtomp bablbj

nbjdmj sumtu joamo nmaml ojtbrvma W0,=\, nmj sbamau nojctmsogmj nbjdmj

pmsmjdmj sbt < {(x, (x)),x }. Gbtogm (x) < 0, xpmsto tonmg fbrmnm

pmnm , kogm (x) < = fbrmrto x sunmh pmsto fbrmnm pmnm . Rjtug gmsus

ymjd amoj nofbro joamo mjtmrm 0 nmj =. Joamo ymjd nofbrogmj tbrsbfut

lbjymtmgmj nbrmkmt gbmjddctmmj x nmaml . Pbjddujmmj ojtbrvma W0,=\

lbjybnomgmj prbsbjtmso ymjd sbsumo nmro drmnmso. Hmrus noimtmt fmhwm joamo

gbmjddctmmj ymjd tbpmt tonmg mnm, nmj fomsmjym sufybgtoe nmaml

prmgtbgjym, nmj ymjd pmaojd sbrojd nodujmgmj mnmamh foamjdmj euzzy,

ghususjym tromjduamr euzzy julfbr.

6.8.^romjduamr Euzzy Julfbr

Euzzy julfbr mnmamh spbsoma euzzy sbt < {(x, ),x V=}.Nolmjmx

lblfmwm joamojym gbnmaml dmros rbma V= ; - 1 x 1 + nmj (x)

lbrupmgmj pbjddmlfmrmj gcjtojyu nmro V=

pmnm ojtbrvma tbrnbgmt nmro

W0,=\(Nufcos mjn Prmnb =?48, =?80, nmaml (A.G. Ihmj, bt ma =???)).

Euzzy julfbr nodujmgmj ujtug lbjymtmgmj gcjsbp foamjdmj ymjd

tonmg prbsoso, sbpbrto lbjnbgmto 4, mjtmrm 8 smlpmo ?, hmlpor 2 nmj

sbfmdmojym. Yumtu tromjduamr euzzy julfbr, nojctmsogmj nbjdmj L .

Amjdgmh > ; Lblmsugmj joamo kulamh vmromjs futor nmj joamo

kulamh vmromjs tctma gb nmaml rulus maphm.

2.

Amjdgmh 2 ; Lbjimro rtmfbampmfoam nogbtmhuo sodjoeogmjso ujtug

5.

Amjdgmh 5 ; Lblfumt gbputusmj lblfmjnojdgmj r== nbjdmj rtmfba

gmonmh gbputusmj ; kogm r== : rtmfbafbrmrto rbaomfba nmj r== 1 rtmfba

fbrmrto tonmg rbaomfba.

n.LbjdojtbdrmsogmjEuzzy-sbrvquma

Pbjdojtbdrmsomj Euzzy-Ybrvquma ymjd noamgugmj lbaoputo pblfbjtugmj

lblfbrshop eujitocjnbjdmj ^romjduamr Euzzy Julfbrujtug pbjdugurmj


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pbrsbpso nmj bgspbgtmso pbamjddmj, pbrhotujdmj joamo pbrsbpso nmj

bgspbgtmso pbamjddmj, pbrhotujdmj joamo gbsbjkmjdmj gumaotms amymjmj,

pbrhotujdmj fcfct, pbrhotujdmj joamo sbrvquma tbrfcfct nmj pbjoamomj

tojdgmt gbpbjtojdmj sumtu grotbrom.

Ybtbamh noamgugmj pbjdulpuamj nmtm lbamauo pbjybfmrmj

gubsocjbr, sbamjkutjym noamgugmj prcsbs euzzyeogmso fbrogutjym nbjdmj

pblfbjtugmj ^romjduamr Euzzy Julfbr joamo pbrsbpso nmj bgspbgtmso

pbamjddmj nohotujd nbjdmj imrm sbfmdmo fbrogut;

Rjtug grotbrom gb-o, aojduostog vmromfba gb-k;

=.

^bjtugmj joamo rmtm-rmtm nmro sbtomp vmromfba aojduostog ujtug grotbrom

gb-o nmj kmnogmj joamo rmtm-rmtm tbrsbfut sbfmdmo joamo fd

Gbtbrmjdmj;

o < grotbrom ( =,6,9,.........l )

k < aojduostog vmromfba ( =,6,9,.......g )

6.

Gblunomj fbjtug ^EJs nbjdmj joamo mok< fo(k-o)nmj iok < fo(k+=)

9.

^bjtugmj joamo mo . fo. i oujtug sbtomp sbtomp grotbrom (Jurlomjtc, 6006)

nbjdmj imrm sbfmdmo fbrogut;

Fmtms fmwmh (io);

io.=.=. Onbjtotms Vbspcjnbj

Pmnm onbjtotms rbspcjnbj nonmamllym lbjimgup tbjtmjd

nmtm- nmtm ymjd mnm pmnm rbspcjnbj. Kulamh rbspcjnbj nmaml

pbjbaotomj ojo mnmamh >4 crmjd ymjd lbrupmgmj lmhmsoswm Kurusmj

^bgjog Drmeogm Pbjbrfotmj Pcaotbgjog Jbdbro Kmgmrtm ymjd fbrmsma

nmro amtmr fbamgmjd fbrfbnm-fbnm ymotu lbaoputo kbjos gbamloj, usom

mtmu ulur rbspcjnbj, nmj prcdrml stuno, sbhojddm mgmj

lblfbrogmj pbrsbpso nmj hmrmpmj ymjd fbrfbnm-fbnm lbjdbjmo

gumaotms pbamymjmj ymjd mnm nmj mghorjym mgmj fbrpbjdmruh pmnm

gbpumsmj pbamjddmj.

m. Kbjos gbamloj

Fbrogut ojo mnmamh tmfba lbjdbjmo kbjos gbamloj rbspcjnbj

ymjd lbrupmgmj lmhmsoswm mgtoe Kurusmj ^bgjog Drmeogm


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9>

Pbjbrfotmj Pcaotbgjog Jbdbro Kmgmrtm mjdgmtmj 6008/600?

sbfmdmo fbrogut ;

^mfba >.= Kbjos Gbamloj Vbspcjnbj

Jc Gmtbdcro Erbgubjso Pbrsbjtmsb

= Amgo-Amgo 6= >>,58%

6 Pbrblpumj 65 22,96%

Kulamh >4 =00,00%

Yulfbr; Nmtm prolbr ymjd nocamh, 60==

Nmro tmfba nomtms nmpmt nogbtmhuo fmhwm 6= rbspcjnbj mtmu

>>,58 pbrsbj mnmamh fbrkbjos gbamloj amgo-amgo nmj sosmjym

ymotu 65 mtmu 22,96 pbrsbj mnmamh fbrkbjos fbrkbjos gbamloj

pbrblpumj.

f. Rsom Vbspcjnbj

Rsom mtmu ulur lbrupmgmj gbibjnbrujdmj sbsbcrmjd nmaml

fbrpogor nmj lblfbjtug gbnbwmsmmj. Rlur kudm

lblpbjdmruho gblmtmjdmj pblogormj sbsbcrmjd nmaml

lbloaoh mtmu lbjbjtugmj sbsumtu poaohmj. Nmtm lbjdbjmo usom

rbspcjnbj fbrtukumj ujtug lbjdbtmhuo rmtm- rmtm usom

lmhmsoswm sbfmdmo pbamjddmj Kurusmj ^bgjog Drmeogm

Pbjbrfotmj Pcaotbgjog Jbdbro Kmgmrtm. Fbrogut ojo mnmamh tmfba

lbjdbjmo usom rbspcjnbj ymjd lbrupmgmj lmhmsoswm mgtoe

Kurusmj ^bgjog Drmeogm Pbjbrfotmj Pcaotbgjog Jbdbro Kmgmrtm

mjdgmtmj 6008/600? sbfmdmo fbrogut ;


54/82

92

^mfba >.6 Rsom rbspcjnbj

Jc Gmtbdcro Erbgubjso Pbrsbjtmsb

= 66 ^mhuj 9 5,98%

6 6= ^mhuj 6? 5=,40%

9 60 ^mhuj == 69,>0%

> =? ^mhuj > 8,26%

Kulamh >4 =00,00%

Yulfbr ; Nmtm Prolbr ymjd Nocamh, 60==

Fbrnmsmrgmj nmtm nomtms nmpmt nogbtmhuo fmhwm sbfmdomj fbsmr usom

rbspcjnbj mjtmrm 6= tmhuj ymotu sbfmjymg 6? rbspcjnbj mtmu sbfbsmr 5=,40

pbrsbj, sbnmjdgmj kulamh rbspcjnbj nmj pbrsbjtmsb tbrbjnmh fbrusom abfoh

nmro 66 tmhuj sbfmjymg 9 rbspcjnbj mtmu 5,98 pbrsbj.

>.6.Pbjdcamhmj Nmtm

Pbjdcamhmj nmtm noamgugmj nbjdmj lbjddujmgmj Loircscet Bxiba ujtug

lbjduko vmaonotms nmj rbaomfoaotms.

m. Rko Gbiugupmj Nmtm

Pmnm tmhmp mwma, gubsocjbr nosbfmrgmj gbpmnm 9= rbspcjnbj

nbjdmj tukumj ujtug lbaohmt mpmgmh pbrtmjymmj-pbrtmjymmj nmaml

gubsocjbr tbrsbfut nmpmt nopmhmlo nmj tonmg lblfojdujdgmj. Nmro 9=

gubsocjbr ymjd nosbfmr tbrnmpmt = fumh gubsocjbr ymjd nojymtmgmj

rusmg gmrbjm nmaml pbjdosomjjym tonmg abjdgmp. Kmno sbimrm ulul

gubsocjbr sunmh nomjddmp fbjmr nmj somp ujtug prcsbs pbjdcamhmj nmtm

sbamjkutjym.

Amjdgmh sbamjkutjym mnmamh lbjduko gbiugupmj nmtm nmro

gubsocjbr mwma tbrsbfut nbjdmj lbjddujmgmj rulus Fbrjcuaao sbfmdmo

fbrogut ;


55/82

95

J .=)

Gbtbrmjdmj;

J < kulamh smlpba lojolul

[ < joamo nostrofuso jcrlma

b < tcabrmjso brcr

p < prcsbjtmsb gubsocjbr nokmwmf fbjmr

q < prcsbjtmsb gubsocjbr nokmwmf smamh

Nbjdmj lbjddujmgmj tojdgmt gbsmamhmj ymjd nmpmt notbrolm sbfbsmr

2%, lmgm nonmpmtgmj ;

P < ?4.09=

90<

] < 09.09=

=<

J < >426,>5)02.0(

)09.0).(?4.0.()?5,=(6

6

<

Hmsoa uko gbiugupmj nmtm lbjdhmsoagmj tctma gubsocjbr ymjd hmrus

nofumt mnmamh >4 smlpba nmro tctma pcpuamso.

f.Rko Umaonotms

Umaonotms lbjujkugmj sbkmuh lmjm sumtu mamt pbjdugur otu lmlpu

lbjdugur mpm ymjd nougur nmj smamh smtu imrm ujtug lbjdmjmaosm

mpmgmh nmtm ymjd mgmj nodujmgmj iugup vmaon mtmu nmpmt nomjnmagmj

ujtug notbrusgmj gbnmaml pbjdcamhmj nmtm. Rko vmaonotms noamgugmj

ujtug lblfbrogmj gbymgojmj fmhwm mamt ugur tbrsbfut nmpmt nodujmgmj

pmnm wmgtu sbgmrmjd nbjdmj gbibrlmtmj ymjd fmog. Rko vmaonotms

noamgugmj lbaohmt gcrbamso mjtmrm sgcr lmsojd-lmsojd pbrtmjymmj


56/82

94

nbjdmj sgcr tctma nmro 9= = < 90 rbspcjnbj sbfmdmo poaoct smlpba.

Ygcr futor nopmjnmjd sbfmdmo joamo X nmj sgcr tctma nopmjnmjd sbfmdmo

joamo _. Pbrhotujdmjjym noamgugmj nbjdmj fmjtumj Loircscet Bxiba.

Mnmpuj amjdgmh-amjdgmh nmaml lbamgugmj pbjdukomj vmaonotms mnmamh

sbfmdmo fbrogut.

=. Amjdgmh = ; Lbjdhotujd hmrdm gcrbamso sbtomp rulus Pbmrscj

Prcnuit Lclbjtsbfmdmo fbrogut Rlmr Husboj, Hma =>6);

( ( )( )

( )( ) ( )( )6666. __jXXj_XX_j

rhotujd

< (>.6)

6.

Amjdgmh 6 ; Lbjdhotujd hmrdm t hotujdnbjdmj rulus ; t hotujdRlmr

Husboj ( =??47hma =>9);

6=

6

r

jrthotujd

< (>.9)

9. Amjdgmh 9 ; Lbjimro t tmfbampmfoam nogbtmhuo sodjoeogmj

< 0.02 nmj ng ; Lblfumt gbputusmj nbjdmj lblfmjnojdgmj t hotujd

nbjdmj t tmfbagmonmh gbputusmj ;

Kogm t hotujd: t tmfbafbrmrto vmaon

nmj , t hotujd 1 t tmfbafbrmrto tonmg vmaon


57/82

98

^mfba >.9 Vbgmp Hmsoa Rko Umaonotms

JC GVO^BVOM t ^mfba,05= 6,45=

UMAON

6 Amy Cut gmlpus =,40= 6.4>>9,?48

UMAON

9 ^blpmt pmrgor aums =,40= 9,?205,59=

UMAON

>Kulamh rumjd gbams

ymjd tbrsbnom =,40=2,>55

>,044UMAON

2 Gbjymlmjmj rumjdgbams

=,40= 9,8>? 9,?98 UMAON

5Gbfbrsohmj aojdgujdmj

nmj rumjd gbams=,40= 2,0>>

5,552UMAON

4^brsbnomjym emsoaotms

pbjujkmjd =,40=9,6?=

2,5=2UMAON

8

Gbtbrsbnommj

pbrpustmgmmj ymjd

abjdgmp

=,40= 9,2?8 2,=69 UMAON

?Gbtbrsbnommj smrmjm

gclujogmso=,40= 6,0=5

5,>84UMAON

=0

Fbsmrjym fomym

pbjnonogmj =,40= 6,554

5,226

UMAON

==Gumaotms tbjmdm

pbjnonog=,40= >,994

4,568UMAON

=6Gumaotms systbl

pbjnonogmj=,40= 2,0==

8,>=>UMAON

=9Gumaotms auausmj ymjd

nohmsoagmj =,40=2,0==

4,558UMAON

=> Forcgrmso gmlpus =,40= 6,2585,858

UMAON

=2

Gblunmhmj lbjnmpmt

ojecrlmso tbjtmjd

sostbl pbjnonogmj(kmnwma guaomh,

prmgtogul, guroguaul,

naa)

=,40= 6,509 >,442 UMAON

=5

Gblunmhmj lbjnmpmt

pbamymjmj

pbrpustmgmmj=,40=

2,>55 5,90? UMAON


58/82

9?

Amjkutmj ^mfba >.9 Vbgmp Hmsoa Rko Umaonotms

JC GVO^BVOM

Joamo t

PBVYBPYO

Joamo t

HMVMPMJ

GB^.

=4Gblunmhmj nmaml

pblfmymrmj=,40= 9,4>9

2,4?>UMAON

=8

Gbrmlmhmj gmrymwmj

ablfmdm pbjnonogmj

( ^R, ncsbj, naa )

=,40= 2,6>95,?6>

UMAON

=?Gbmlmjmj aojdgujdmj

gmlpus =,40=9,?24 5,>=0 UMAON

60Vbputmso ablfmdm

pbjnosogmj=,40= 9,=??

5,=24UMAON

6=

Gbibpmtmj tojnmgmj

gmrymwmj ablfmdm

pbjnonogmj pmnm smmt

mnm gbauhmj nmro

pbamjddmj

=,40= 9,>454,0=5

UMAON

66

^mjddujd kmwmf nmro

pohmg ablfmdm

pbjnonogmj mtms

pbamymjmj ymjd

nofbrogmj gbpmnm

pbamjddmj

=,40= 9,=605,8??

UMAON

69

^ojdgmt gbsmfmrmjgmrymwmj ablfmdm

pbjnonogmj nmaml

lbjbrolm gbauhmj

pbamjddmj

=,40= 6,==>8,5=2

UMAON

6>

Gblunmhmj pbamjddmj

lblojtm fmjtumj

gbpmnm gmrmymwmj

ablfmdm pbjnonogmj

=,40= 9,4594,926

UMAON

62

Gbojdojmj pohmg

ablfmdm pbjnonogmj

nmaml lbjbrolm smrmj

=,40= 6,45?8,?9>

UMAON

Yulfbr ; Hmsoa Pbrhotujdmj


59/82

>0

i.

Rko Vbaomfoaotms

Vbaomfoaotms mnmamh ostoamh ymjd nopmgmo ujtug lbjujkugmj sbkmuh

lmjm hmsoa pbjdugurmj rbamtoe gcjsostbj mpmfoam pbjdugurmj nouamjd num

gmao mtmu abfoh. Rko rbaomfoaotms noamgugmj ujtug lbjdbtmhuo tojdgmt

gbpbrimymmj tbrhmnmp mamt pbjdulpua nmtm, ojstrulbjt ymjd sunmh nmpmt

nopbrimym mgmj lbjdhmsoagmj nmtm ymjd nmpmt nopbrimym kudm. Rko

noamgugmj tbrhmnmp 90 rbspcjnbj sbfmdmo poact smlpba, nmj pbrhotujdmj

uko rbaomfoaotms noamgugmj nbjdmj fmjtumj Loircsce Bxiba.

Pmnm pbjoaotomj ojo lbjimro rbaomfoaotms lbjddujmgmj rulus Maphm.

Vulus Maphm nodujmgmj ujtug lbjimro rbaomfoaotms ojstrulbj ymjd

sgcrjym fugmj = nmj 0 nmj lbloaogo kulamh pbrtmjymmj pmnm gubsojbr

fbrkulamh dmjkoa.

Vulus Maphm (Mrogujtc, Hma =4=)

< 6=

6

== =)=(

f

ggr

Gbtbrmjdmj ;

==r < rbaomfoaotms ojstrulbj

G < fmjymgjym futor pbrtmjymmj mtmu fmjymgjym scma

6f < kulamh vmromjs futor6

= < vmromjs tctma

Rjtug lbjdhotujd rbaomfoaotms nbjdmj rulus maphm lbjddujmgmj

amjdgmh- amjdgmh sbfmdmo fbrogut ;

=.

Amjdgmh = ; Lbjdhotujd tctma sgcr.

6.

Amjdgmh 6 ; Lbjdhotujd kulamh vmromjs futor


60/82

>=

Rjtug lbjimro joamo kulamh vmromjs futor noimro nuau vmromj

sbtomp futor, gblunomj kulamhgmj.

9. Amjdgmh 9 ; Lbjdhotujd kulamh vmromj tctma

>.

Amjdgmh > ; Lblmsugmj joamo kulamh vmromjs futor nmj joamo

kulamh vmromjs tctma gb nmaml rulus maphm.

2. Amjdgmh 2 ; Lbjimro rtmfbampmfoam nogbtmhuo sodjoeogmjso ujtug

< 0,02 nmj ng < 90 6 < 68, lmgm nopbrcabh rtmfba< 0,94>

5.

Amjdgmh 5 ; Lblfumt gbputusmj lblfmjnojdgmj r== nbjdmj

rtmfbagmonmh gbputusmj ; kogm r== : rtmfbafbrmrto rbaomfba nmj r==

1 rtmfbafbrmrto tonmg rbaomfba.

Hmsoa uko rbaomfoaotms pbrsbpso pbamjddmj lbjujkugmj r hotujd ( 0,?=9 ) : r

tmfba ( 0.94> ), lmgm nmtm nojymtmgmj rbaomfab. Rjtug hmsoa uko rbaomfoaotms hmrmpmj

pbamjddmj lbjujkugmj r hotujd ( 0,?54 ) : r tmfba ( 0.94> ), lmgm nmtm

nojymtmgmj rbaomfab. Mnmpuj amjdgmh- amjdgmh pbjdukomj rbaomfoaotms tbrnmpmt pmnm

amlpormj F.


61/82

>6

n. Pbjdhotujdmj Joamo Euzzyeogmso Pbrsbpso Pbamjddmj

Hmsoa pbjdcamhmj nmtm ymjd nopbrcabh nmro pbjybfmrmj gubsocjbr pbrsbpso pbamjd

nmaml blpmt nolbjso ymotu nolbjso tmjdofab, rbmfoaoty, mssurmjib, blphmty nmj nonbeuzz

scetwmrb Ls. Bxiba nmpmt noaohmt pmnm tmfba nofmwmh ojo ;

^mfba >.> Joamo Euzzyeogmso Pbrsbpso Pbamjddmj

JC GVO^BVOM

^EJ

NBER[[OEOGi m f

NOLBJYO ^MJDOFABY

= Acgmso gmlpus lunmh nokmjdgmu 0.205 0.5>0 0.425 0.59>

6 Amy Cut gmlpus 0.642 0.>26 0.2?? 0.>>6

9 ^blpmt pmrgor aums 0.>02 0.222 0.585 0.2>?

> Kulamh rumjd gbams ymjd tbrsbnom 0.95= 0.>8? 0.5>6 0.>?8

2 Gbjymlmjmj rumjd gbams 0.9?0 0.252 0.4=2 0.224

5 Gbfbrsohmj aojdgujdmj nmj rumjd gbams 0.>09 0.248 0.46> 0.258

4 ^brsbnomjym emsoaotms pbjujkmjd 0.9?8 0.2>8 0.58= 0.2>6

8 Gbtbrsbnommj pbrpustmgmmj ymjd abjdgmp 0.>>4 0.246 0.588 0.25?

? Gbtbrsbnommj smrmjm gclujogmso 0.90? 0.>2= 0.2?4 0.>29

NOLBJYO VBAOMFOAO^_

=0 Fbsmrjym fomym pbjnonogmj 0.96? 0.>54 0.50= 0.>55

== Gumaotms tbjmdm pbjnonog 0.905 0.>29 0.568 0.>56

=6 Gumaotms sostbl pbjnonogmj 0.645 0.>52 0.594 0.>2?

=9 Gumaotms auausmj ymjd nohmsoagmj 0.645 0.>52 0.594 0.>2?

=> Forcgrmso gmlpus 0.6?4 0.>86 0.5>? 0.>45


62/82

>9

Amjkutmj mfba >.> Joamo Euzzyeogmso Pbrsbpso Pbamjddmj

JC GVO^BVOM^EJ

NBER[[OEOGi m f

NOLBJYO MYYRVMJIB

=2

Gblunmhmj lbjnmpmt ojecrlmso tbjtmjd sostbl

pbjnonogmj (kmnwma guaomh, prmgtogul,

guroguaul, naa) 0.>05 0.225 0.58= 0.2>4

=5 Gblunmhmj lbjnmpmt pbamymjmj pbrpustmgmmj 0.95= 0.>8? 0.5>6 0.>?8

=4 Gblunmhmj nmaml pblfmymrmj 0.685 0.>46 0.59? 0.>52

=8

Gbrmlmhmj gmrymwmj ablfmdm pbjnonogmj ( ^R,

ncsbj, naa ) 0.>=4 0.>?0 0.2?0 0.>??

=? Gbmlmjmj aojdgujdmj gmlpus 0.9?4 0.2>4 0.544 0.2>0

60 Vbputmso ablfmdm pbjnosogmj 0.95? 0.>44 0.598 0.>?2

6=

Gbibpmtmj tojnmgmj gmrymwmj ablfmdm

pbjnonogmj pmnm smmt mnm gbauhmj nmro pbamjddmj 0.656 0.>94 0.569 0.>>=

66

^mjddujd kmwmf nmro pohmg ablfmdm pbjnonogmj

mtms pbamymjmj ymjd nofbrogmj gbpmnm pbamjddmj0.9=8 0.>25 0.2?6 0.>25

NOLBJYO BLPHM^_

69

^ojdgmt gbsmfmrmj gmrymwmj ablfmdm

pbjnonogmj nmaml lbjbrolm gbauhmj pbamjddmj 0.6?? 0.>96 0.288 0.>9?

6>

Gblunmhmj pbamjddmj lblojtm fmjtumj gbpmnm

gmrymwmj ablfmdm pbjnonogmj 0.908 0.>>= 0.285 0.>>2

62

Gbojdojmj pohmg ablfmdm pbjnonogmj nmaml

lbjbrolm smrmj 0.9=8 0.>22 0.288 0.>2>


63/82

>>

b. Pbjdhotujdmj Joamo Euzzyeogmso Hmrmpmj Pbamjddmj

Hmsoa pbjdcamhmj nmtm ymjd nopbrcabh nmro pbjybfmrmj gubsocjbr hmrmpmj pbamjdd

blpmt nolbjso ymotu nolbjso tmjdofab, rbmfoaoty, mssurmjib, blphmty nmj nonbeuzzoeogmso nbjd

Bxiba nmpmt noaohmt pmnm tmfba nofmwmh ojo ;

^mfba >.2 Joamo Euzzyeogmso Hmrmpmj Pbamjddmj

JC GVO^BVOM

^EJ

NBER[[OEOGi m f

NOLBJYO ^MJDOFABY

= Acgmso gmlpus lunmh nokmjdgmu 0.499 0.82= 0.?5? 0.82=

6 Amy Cut gmlpus 0.5>8 0.89> 0.?24 0.8=9

9 ^blpmt pmrgor aums 0.56> 0.896 0.?28 0.80>> Kulamh rumjd gbams ymjd tbrsbnom 0.40? 0.806 0.?>9 0.8=8

2 Gbjymlmjmj rumjd gbams 0.55? 0.864 0.?24 0.8=8

5 Gbfbrsohmj aojdgujdmj nmj rumjd gbams 0.494 0.8>= 0.?59 0.8>4

4 ^brsbnomjym emsoaotms pbjujkmjd 0.5=4 0.895 0.?5? 0.804

8 Gbtbrsbnommj pbrpustmgmmj ymjd abjdgmp 0.505 0.8=? 0.?59 0.4?5

? Gbtbrsbnommj smrmjm gclujogmso 0.5=2 0.89= 0.?55 0.80>

NOLBJYO VBAOMFOAO^_

=0 Fbsmrjym fomym pbjnonogmj 0.5=6 0.862 0.?59 0.800

== Gumaotms tbjmdm pbjnonog 0.58= 0.822 0.?49 0.895

=6 Gumaotms sostbl pbjnonogmj 0.59= 0.8>8 0.?54 0.8=2

=9 Gumaotms auausmj ymjd nohmsoagmj 0.5=9 0.890 0.?54 0.809

=> Forcgrmso gmlpus 0.494 0.82= 0.?5> 0.82=


64/82

>2

Amjkutmj mfba >.2 Joamo Euzzyeogmso Hmrmpmj Pbamjddmj

JC GVO^BVOM^EJ

NBER[[OEOGi m f

NOLBJYO MYYRVMJIB

=2

Gblunmhmj lbjnmpmt ojecrlmso tbjtmjd sostbl

pbjnonogmj (kmnwma guaomh, prmgtogul,

guroguaul, naa)0.495 0.8>4 0.?5= 0.8>8

=5 Gblunmhmj lbjnmpmt pbamymjmj pbrpustmgmmj 0.54? 0.8>4 0.?58 0.89=

=4 Gblunmhmj nmaml pblfmymrmj 0.4>6 0.8>= 0.?>? 0.8>>

=8

Gbrmlmhmj gmrymwmj ablfmdm pbjnonogmj ( ^R,

ncsbj, naa )0.554 0.862 0.?2? 0.8=4

=? Gbmlmjmj aojdgujdmj gmlpus 0.4>= 0.828 0.?54 0.822

60 Vbputmso ablfmdm pbjnosogmj 0.542 0.8>8 0.?49 0.896

6=

Gbibpmtmj tojnmgmj gmrymwmj ablfmdm

pbjnonogmj pmnm smmt mnm gbauhmj nmro pbamjddmj0.495 0.8>9 0.?24 0.8>5

66

^mjddujd kmwmf nmro pohmg ablfmdm pbjnonogmj

mtms pbamymjmj ymjd nofbrogmj gbpmnm pbamjddmj 0.590 0.8>9 0.?59 0.8=6

NOLBJYO BLPHM^_

69

^ojdgmt gbsmfmrmj gmrymwmj ablfmdm

pbjnonogmj nmaml lbjbrolm gbauhmj pbamjddmj0.56= 0.8>4 0.?44 0.8=2

6>

Gblunmhmj pbamjddmj lblojtm fmjtumj gbpmnm

gmrymwmj ablfmdm pbjnonogmj0.46= 0.890 0.?2? 0.894

62

Gbojdojmj pohmg ablfmdm pbjnonogmj nmaml

lbjbrolm smrmj0.544 0.8>2 0.?58 0.890


65/82

>5

e. Pbjdhotujdmj Fcfct

Joamo fcfct nonmpmtgmj nbjdmj imrm lbjcrlmaosmso joamo nbeuzzyeogmso hmrmp

gamsoeogmso nolbjso. Prcsbs ymjd noamgugmj mnmamh lblfumt tctma fcfct mtrofut smlm nbjd

nbjdmj imrm lblfmdo joamo nbeuzzyeogmso hmrmpmj pbamjddmj tomp grotbrom nbjdmj joamo gcl

pbamjddmj, ujtug pbjdhotujdmj fcfct nmpmt noaohmt pmnm tmfba nofmwmh ojo ;

^mfba >.5 Joamo Fcfct Ybtomp Grotbrom

JC GVO^BVOMFCFC^

NBER[[OEOGMYO i m f

NOLBJYO ^MJDOFABY

= Acgmso gmlpus lunmh nokmjdgmu 0.499 0.82= 0.?5? 0.82=6 Amy Cut gmlpus 0.5>8 0.89> 0.?24 0.8=9

9 ^blpmt pmrgor aums 0.56> 0.896 0.?28 0.80>

> Kulamh rumjd gbams ymjd tbrsbnom 0.40? 0.806 0.?>9 0.8=8

2 Gbjymlmjmj rumjd gbams 0.55? 0.864 0.?24 0.8=8

5 Gbfbrsohmj aojdgujdmj nmj rumjd gbams 0.494 0.8>= 0.?59 0.8>4

4 ^brsbnomjym emsoaotms pbjujkmjd 0.5=4 0.895 0.?5? 0.804

8 Gbtbrsbnommj pbrpustmgmmj ymjd abjdgmp 0.505 0.8=? 0.?59 0.4?5

? Gbtbrsbnommj smrmjm gclujogmso 0.5=2 0.89= 0.?55 0.80>

4.924

NOLBJYO VBAOMFOAO^_

=0 Fbsmrjym fomym pbjnonogmj 0.5=6 0.862 0.?59 0.800

== Gumaotms tbjmdm pbjnonog 0.58= 0.822 0.?49 0.895=6 Gumaotms sostbl pbjnonogmj 0.59= 0.8>8 0.?54 0.8=2


66/82

>4

Amjkutmj ^mfba >.5 Joamo Fcfct Ybtomp Grotbrom

JC GVO^BVOMFCFC^

NBER[[OEOGMYO

i m f=9 Gumaotms auausmj ymjd nohmsoagmj 0.5=9 0.890 0.?54 0.809

=> Forcgrmso gmlpus 0.494 0.82= 0.?5> 0.82=

>.=02

NOLBJYO MYYRVMJIB

=2 Gblunmhmj lbjnmpmt ojecrlmso tbjtmjd sostblpbjnonogmj (kmnwma guaomh, prmgtogul, guroguaul, naa)

0.495 0.8>4 0.?5= 0.8>8

=5 Gblunmhmj lbjnmpmt pbamymjmj pbrpustmgmmj 0.54? 0.8>4 0.?58 0.89=

=4 Gblunmhmj nmaml pblfmymrmj 0.4>6 0.8>= 0.?>? 0.8>>

=8Gbrmlmhmj gmrymwmj ablfmdm pbjnonogmj ( ^R,ncsbj, naa )

0.554 0.862 0.?2? 0.8=4

=? Gbmlmjmj aojdgujdmj gmlpus 0.4>= 0.828 0.?54 0.822

60 Vbputmso ablfmdm pbjnosogmj 0.542 0.8>8 0.?49 0.8966= Gbibpmtmj tojnmgmj gmrymwmj ablfmdm pbjnonogmj

pmnm smmt mnm gbauhmj nmro pbamjddmj0.495 0.8>9 0.?24 0.8>5

66 ^mjddujd kmwmf nmro pohmg ablfmdm pbjnonogmj mtmspbamymjmj ymjd nofbrogmj gbpmnm pbamjddmj

0.590 0.8>9 0.?59 0.8=6

5.58>

NOLBJYO BLPHM^_

69 ^ojdgmt gbsmfmrmj gmrymwmj ablfmdm pbjnonogmjnmaml lbjbrolm gbauhmj pbamjddmj

0.56= 0.8>4 0.?44 0.8=2

6> Gblunmhmj pbamjddmj lblojtm fmjtumj gbpmnmgmrymwmj ablfmdm pbjnonogmj

0.46= 0.890 0.?2? 0.894

62 Gbojdojmj pohmg ablfmdm pbjnonogmj nmamllbjbrolm smrmj

0.544 0.8>2 0.?58 0.890

KRLAMH 6.>86


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d. Pbjdhotujdmj Joamo Ybrvquma (Dmp) Mjtmrm Pbrsbpso nmj Hmrmpmj

Hmsoa pbjdhotujdmj Joamo Ybrvquma (dmp) nmro sbaosoh tojdgmt pbrsbpso nmj hmrmpmj

lmjm pohmg Kurusmj ^bgjog Drmeogm Pcaotbgjog Jbdbro Kmgmrtm tbamh lblfbrogmj pbamymj

pbamjddmjjym. Pbrmj fcfct nmaml dmp mgmj lblfbrogmj tojdgmt gbpbjtojdmj sbfbrmpm kmuh

lblfbrogmj pbjojdgmtmj gumaotms pbamymjmj sbimrm lbjybauruh. Hmsoajym nmpmt noaohmt pmnm t

^mfba >.4 Joamo Ybrvquma (Dmp) mjtmrm Pbrsbpso nmj Hmrmpmj Pbamjddmj

JC GVO^BVOM PBVYBPYO HMVMPMJ DMP FCFC^

NOLBJYO ^MJDOFABY

= Acgmso gmlpus lunmh nokmjdgmu 0.59> 0.82= -0.6=5 0.==5 6 Amy Cut gmlpus 0.>>6 0.8=9 -0.940 0.==0

9 ^blpmt pmrgor aums 0.2>? 0.80> -0.625 0.=0?

> Kulamh rumjd gbams ymjd tbrsbnom 0.>?8 0.8=8 -0.96= 0.===

2 Gbjymlmjmj rumjd gbams 0.224 0.8=8 -0.65= 0.===

5 Gbfbrsohmj aojdgujdmj nmj rumjd gbams 0.258 0.8>4 -0.64? 0.==2

4 ^brsbnomjym emsoaotms pbjujkmjd 0.2>6 0.804 -0.652 0.==0

8 Gbtbrsbnommj pbrpustmgmmj ymjd abjdgmp 0.25? 0.4?5 -0.664 0.=08

? Gbtbrsbnommj smrmjm gclujogmso 0.>29 0.80> -0.926 0.=0? NOLBJYO VBAOMFOAO^_

=0 Fbsmrjym fomym pbjnonogmj 0.>55 0.800 -0.99> 0.=?2

== Gumaotms tbjmdm pbjnonog 0.>56 0.895 -0.94> 0.60>

=6 Gumaotms sostbl pbjnonogmj 0.>2? 0.8=2 -0.925 0.=??


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Amjkutmj ^mfba >.4 Joamo Ybrvquma (Dmp) mjtmrm Pbrsbpso nmj Hmrmpm

JC GVO^BVOM PBVYBPYO HMVMPMJ DMP FCFC^=9 Gumaotms auausmj ymjd nohmsoagmj 0.>2? 0.809 -0.9>> 0.=?5

=> Forcgrmso gmlpus 0.>45 0.82= -0.942 0.604 NOLBJYO MYYRVMJIB

=2 Gblunmhmj lbjnmpmt ojecrlmso tbjtmjd sostblpbjnonogmj (kmnwma guaomh, prmgtogul, guroguaul, naa)

0.2>4 0.8>8 -0.90= 0.=64

=5 Gblunmhmj lbjnmpmt pbamymjmj pbrpustmgmmj 0.>?8 0.89= -0.99> 0.=6> =4 Gblunmhmj nmaml pblfmymrmj 0.>52 0.8>> -0.948 0.=65 =8 Gbrmlmhmj gmrymwmj ablfmdm pbjnonogmj ( ^R,

ncsbj, naa )0.>?? 0.8=4 -0.9=8 0.=66

=? Gbmlmjmj aojdgujdmj gmlpus 0.2>0 0.822 -0.9=2 0.=68 60 Vbputmso ablfmdm pbjnosogmj 0.>?2 0.896 -0.994 0.=6> 6= Gbibpmtmj tojnmgmj gmrymwmj ablfmdm

pbjnonogmj pmnm smmt mnm gbauhmj nmropbamjddmj

0.>>= 0.8>5 -0.>02 0.=65

66 ^mjddujd kmwmf nmro pohmg ablfmdm pbjnonogmj mtmspbamymjmj ymjd nofbrogmj gbpmnm pbamjddmj

0.>25 0.8=6 -0.925 0.=6=

NOLBJYO BLPHM^_

69 ^ojdgmt gbsmfmrmj gmrymwmj ablfmdm pbjnonogmjnmaml lbjbrolm gbauhmj pbamjddmj

0.>9? 0.8=2 -0.942 0.96

6> Gblunmhmj pbamjddmj lblojtm fmjtumj gbpmnmgmrmymwmj ablfmdm pbjnonogmj

0.>>2 0.894 -0.9?6 0.99

62 Gbojdojmj pohmg ablfmdm pbjnonogmj nmamllbjbrolm smrmj

0.>2> 0.890 -0.945 0.99


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FMF U

MJMAOYOY NM^M

Pmnm fmf ojo mgmj noamgugmj mjmaosos tbrhmnmp hmsoa pbjdukomj nmj

pbjdcamhmj nmtm ymjd tbamh noamgugmj.

2.=. Mjmaosos Pbjdukomj Nmtm

2.=.=. Mjmaosos Rko Gbiugupmj Nmtm

Rko gbiugupmj nmtm nmro gubsocjbr ymjd nosbfmr lbjddujmgmj rulus

Fbrjcuaao. Lbjdmiu pmnm pbjdhotujdmj gubsocjbr mwma ymjd nosbfmr

sbkulamh 9= gubsocjbr nojymtmgmj rusmg smtu fumh gubsocjbr. Ybtbamh

nohotujd gbiugupmj nmtmjym nonmpmtgmj joamo J < >5,26 >4,

sbhojddm smlpba ymjd hmrus nomlfoa nmro kulamh pcpuamso mnmamh >4.

2.=.6. Mjmaosos Rko Umaonotms Nmtm

Rko vmaonotms nohotujd nbjdmj lbjdhotujd gcrbamso prcnug lclbj (r)

pmnm tomp grotbrom pbrtmjymmj. Nmro uko vmaonotms ymjd noamgugmj, fmog

pbjoamomj pbrsbpso lmupuj hmrmpmj pbamjddmj nopbrcabh sblum joamo

( t ) hotujd : joamo ( t) tmfba ( =, 40= ). Ybhojddm nmpmt nomlfoa

gbsolpuamj fmhwm sblum nmtm tbrsbfut vmaon.

2.=.9. Mjmaosos Rko Vbaomfoaotms Nmtm

Rko rbaomfoaotms nmtm noamgugmj nbjdmj lbjdhotujd lbjddujmgmj

scewmrb loircscet bxiba nmj nopbrcabh joamo r hotujd : joamo r tmfba,

lmgm nmtm nojymtmgmj rbaomfba, ymjd fbrmrto fbrmpm gmaopuj


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pbrtmjymmj nouamjd fmog pmnm rbspcjnbj ymjd smlm mtmupuj fbrfbnm

wmamupuj pmnm smmt ymjd fbramojmj mgmj lbjdhmsoagmj hmsoa ymjd

tonmg tbramau fbrfbnm. Nmro uko rbaomfoaotms ymjd noamgugmj, fmog

pbjoamomj pbrsbpso lmupuj hmrmpmj pbamjddmj nopbrcabh sblum joamo

( r ) hotujd : joamo ( r) tmfba (0,94> ). Ybhojddm nmpmt nomlfoa

gbsolpuamj fmhwm sblum nmtm tbrsbfut rbmfba.

2.6.Mjmaosos Pbjdcamhmj Nmtm

2.6.=. Mjmaosos Pbjdhotujdmj Joamo Pbrsbpso Pbamjddmj

Nmro hmsoa pbjdcamhmj nmtm ymjd nopbrcabh nmro pbjybfmrmj gubsocjbr

pbrsbpso pbamjddmj sbtbamh nbeuzzoeogmso nbjdmj lbjddujmgmj

scetwmrb Ls. Bxiba nmpmt nogbtmhuo joamo pbrsbpso tbrtojddo nmro

lmsojd- lmsojd nolbjso gumaotms pbamymjmj kmsm pbjnonogmj no

Kurusmj ^bgjog Drmeogm nmj Pbjbrfotmj Pcaotbgjog Jbdbro Kmgmrtm.

Joamo tbrtojddo pmnm nolbjso ^mjdofbamnmamh acgmso gmlpus lunmh

nokmjdgmu nbjdmj joamo 0.59> nmj joamo tbrbjnmh mnmamh amy cut

gmlpus nbjdmj joamo 0.>>6, joamo tbrtojddo pmnm nolbjso Vbaomfoaoty

mnmamh forcgrmso gmlpus nbjdmj joamo 0.>45 nmj joamo tbrbjnmh mnmamh

gumaotms auausmj ymjd nohmsoagmj nbjdmj joamo 0.>2?, joamo tbrtojddo

pmnm nolbjso Mssurmjib mnmamh gblunmhmj lbjnmpmt ojecrlmso

tbjtmjd sostbl pbjnonogmj (kmnwma guaomh, prmgtogul, guroguaul, naa)

nbjdmj joamo 0.2>4 nmj joamo tbrbjnmh mnmamh gbibpmtmj tojnmgmj

gmrymwmj ablfmdm pbjnonogmj pmnm smmt mnm gbauhmj nmro pbamjddmj

nbjdmj joamo 0.>>=, joamo tbrtojddo pmnm nolbjso Blphmty mnmamh


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gbojdojmj pohmg ablfmdm pbjnonogmj nmaml lbjbrolm smrmj nbjdmj

joamo 0.>2> nmj joamo tbrbjnmh mnmamh tojdgmt gbsmfmrmj gmrmymwmj

ablfmdm pbjnonogmj nmaml lbjbrolm gbauhmj pbamjddmj nbjdmj

joamo 0.>9?.

2.6.6. Mjmaosos Pbjdhotujdmj Joamo Hmrmpmj Pbamjddmj

Nmro hmsoa pbjdcamhmj nmtm ymjd nopbrcabh nmro pbjybfmrmj gubsocjbr

hmrmpmj pbamjddmj sbtbamh nbeuzzoeogmso nbjdmj lbjddujmgmj

scetwmrb Ls. Bxiba nmpmt nogbtmhuo joamo hmrmpmj tbrtojddo nmro

lmsojd- lmsojd nolbjso gumaotms pbamymjmj kmsm pbjnonogmj no

Kurusmj ^bgjog Drmeogm nmj Pbjbrfotmj Pcaotbgjog Jbdbro Kmgmrtm.

Joamo tbrtojddo pmnm nolbjso ^mjdofbamnmamh acgmso gmlpus lunmh

nokmjdgmu nbjdmj joamo 0.82= nmj joamo tbrbjnmh mnmamh Gbtbrsbnommj

pbrpustmgmmj ymjd abjdgmp nbjdmj joamo 0.4?5, joamo tbrtojddo pmnm

nolbjso Vbaomfoaoty mnmamh forcgrmso gmlpus nbjdmj joamo 0.82=nmj

joamo tbrbjnmh mnmamh Fbsmrjym fomym pbjnonogmj nbjdmj joamo 0.800,

joamo tbrtojddo pmnm nolbjsoMssurmjibmnmamh Gbmlmjmj aojdgujdmj

gmlpus nbjdmj joamo 0.822 nmj joamo tbrbjnmh mnmamh tmjddujd kmwmf

nmro pohmg ablfmdm pbjnonogmj mtms pbamymjmj ymjd nofbrogmj

gbpmnm pbamjddmj nbjdmj joamo 0.8=6, joamo tbrtojddo pmnm nolbjso

Blphmty mnmamh Gblunmhmj pbamjddmj lblojtm fmjtumj gbpmnm

gmrmymwmj ablfmdm pbjnonogmj nbjdmj joamo 0.894 nmj joamo tbrbjnmh

mnmamh tojdgmt gbsmfmrmj gmrmymwmj ablfmdm pbjnonogmj nmaml

lbjbrolm gbauhmj pbamjddmj nbjdmj joamo 0.8=2.


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2.6.9. Mjmaosos Pbjdhotujdmj Fcfct

Joamo fcfct nonmpmtgmj nbjdmj imrm lbjcrlmaosmso joamo

nbeuzzyeogmso hmrmpmj pbamjddmj nmro tomp-tomp nolbjso. Prcsbs ymjd

noamgugmj mnmamh lblfumt tctma fcfct mtrofut pmnm tomp nolbjso

smlm nbjdmj =, ymotu nbjdmj imrm lblfmdo joamo nbeuzzyeogmso

hmrmpmj pbamjddmj tomp grotbrom pmnm nolbjso lmsojd- lmsojd nbjdmj

joamo gcluamtoe nbeuzzyeogmso hmrmpmj pbamjddmj tomp nolbjso. Joamo

fcfct tbrfbsmr pmnm nolbjso ^mjdofba tbrabtmg pmnm grotbrom Acgmso

gmlpus lunmh nokmjdgmu nbjdmj joamo 0.==5 nmj joamo tbrgbioa pmnm

grotbrom Gbtbrsbnommj pbrpustmgmmj ymjd abjdgmp nbjdmj joamo

0.=085, joamo fcfct tbrfbsmr pmnm nolbjso Vbaomfoaoty tbrabtmg pmnm

grotbrom Forcgrmso gmlpus nbjdmj joamo 0.604 nmj joamo tbrgbioa pmnm

grotbrom Fbsmrjym fomym pbjnonogmj nbjdmj joamo 0.=?2, joamo fcfct

tbrfbsmr pmnm nolbjso Mssurmjib tbrabtmg pmnm grotbrom Gbmlmjmj

aojdgujdmj gmlpus nbjdmj joamo 0.=68 nmj joamo tbrgbioa pmnm

grotbrom ^mjddujd kmwmf nmro pohmg ablfmdm pbjnonogmj mtms

pbamymjmj ymjd nofbrogmj gbpmnm pbamjddmj nbjdmj joamo 0.=6=, joamo

fcfct tbrfbsmr pmnm nolbjso Blphmty tbrabtmg pmnm grotbrom

Gblunmhmj pbamjddmj lblojtm fmjtumj gbpmnm gmrmymwmj ablfmdm

pbjnonogmj nbjdmj joamo 0.994 nmj joamo tbrgbioa pmnm grotbrom ^ojdgmt

gbsmfmrmj gmrmymwmj ablfmdm pbjnonogmj nmaml lbjbrolm gbauhmj

pbamjddmj nbjdmj joamo 0.968.


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2.6.>. Mjmaosos Pbjdhotujdmj Joamo Ybrvquma ( Dmp ) Mjtmrm Pbrsbpso

nmj Hmrmpmj

Gumaotms amymjmj tomp grotbrom pmnm lmsojd- lmsojd nolbjso

norbprbsbjtmsogmj nbjdmj joamo dmp tbrfcfct ymjd nopbrcabh. Joamo

dmp tbrfcfct ymjd jbdmtoe lbjujkuggmj fmhwm gumaotms amymjmj

sumtu grotbrom gurmjd fmog sbhojddm pbrau notojdgmtgmj. Onbmajym joamo

dmp tbrfcfct smlm nbjdmj jca, nolmjm joamo pbrsbpso smlm nbjdmj

hmrmpmj pbamjddmj, sbhojddm nmpmt nogmtmgmj pbrsbpso sunmh sbsumo

nbjdmj hmrmpmj ymjd lbjdojnogmsogmj grotbrom gumaotms amymjmj.

Rjtug otu grotbrom hmrus nopbrtmhmjgmj. Mpmfoam joamo ymjd nopbrcabh

mnmamh pcsotoe, fbrmto pbrsbpso lbabfoho hmrmpmj pbamjddmj. Yblmgoj

fbsmr joamo jbdmtoe sumtu dmp, lmgm grotbrom tbrsbfut lbjkmno procrotms

utmlm mjtug notojdgmtgmj gumaotmsjym.

Nmro hmsoa pbjdhotujdmj Joamo Ybrvquma (dmp) nmro sbaosoh

tojdgmt pbrsbpso nmj hmrmpmj lbjujkuggmj smlpmo sbkmuh lmjm

pohmg Kurusmj ^bgjog Drmeogm nmj Pbjbrfotmj Pcaotbgjog Jbdbro

Kmgmrtm tbamh lblfbrogmj pbamymjmj sbsumo nbjdmj gbojdojmj

pbamjddmjjym. Pbrmj fcfct nmaml dmp mgmj lblfbrogmj tojdgmt

gbpbjtojdmj sbfbrmpm kmuh pbrmj grotbrom tbrsbfut nmaml lblfbrogmj

pbjojdgmtmj gumaotms pbamymjmj sbimrm lbjybauruh. Jmluj nblogomj

pbjdhotujdmj hmsoa dmp tbrfcfct no gamsoeogmsogmj gb nmaml blpmt

nolbjso sbfmdmolmjm pbjdhotujdmj nbeuzyeogmso joamo pbrsbpso, joamo


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hmrmpmj nmj pblfcfctmj ymotu nolbjso Blphmty, Vbaomfoaoty,

^mjdofba,nmjMssurmjib.

Hma ojo fbrtukumj mdmr pbrfmogmj gumaotms pbamymjmj nmpmt

noamgsmjmgmj nmro sblum nolbjso ymjd mnm. ^bjtujym fbrnmsmrgmj

procrotms utmlm nmro lmsojd- lmsojd nolbjso. Dmp tbrfcfct tbrtojddo

pmnm nolbjso ^mjdofba mnmamh amycut gmlpus nbjdmj joamo -0.0>0.

Dmp tbrfcfct tbrtojddo pmnm nolbjso Vbaomfoaoty mnmamh forcgrmso

gmlpus nbjdmj joamo -0.048. Dmp tbrfcfct tbrtojddo pmnm nolbjso

Mssurmjibmnmamh gbibpmtmj tojnmgmj gmrymwmj ablfmdm pbjnonogmj

pmnm smmt mnm gbauhmj nmro pbamjddmj nbjdmj joamo -0.02=. Dmp

tbrfcfct tbrtojddo pmnm nolbjso Blphmty mnmamh gblunmhmj

pbamjddmj lblojtm fmjtumj gbpmnm gmrmymwmj ablfmdm pbjnonogmj

nbjdmj joamo -0.=96.

Fbrogut ojo mnmamh blpmt grotbrom nmro lmsojd lmsojd nolbjso

nbjdmj joamo sbrvquma tbrfbsmr ymjd hmrus lbjkmno pbrhmtomj nmro

pohmg ablfmdm pbjnonogmj, ymotu ;


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^mfba 2.= Rrutmj JoamoYbrvquma^brfbsmr

JC

GVO^BVOM

JOAMO

YBVU]RMA PBVOJDGM^

NOLBJYO ^MJDOFABY

= Amy Cut gmlpus -0.0>= 9

NOLBJYO VBAOMFOAO^_

6 Forcgrmso gmlpus -0.048 6

NOLBJYO MYYRVMJIB

9Gbibpmtmj tojnmgmj gmrymwmj

ablfmdm pbjnonogmj pmnm smmt mnmgbauhmj nmro pbamjddmj

-0.098 >

NOLBJYO BLPHM^_

> Gblunmhmj pbamjddmj lblojtm

fmjtumj gbpmnm gmrymwmj ablfmdm

pbjnonogmj

-0.=96 =


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FMF UO

GBYOLPRAMJ NMJ YMVMJ

5.=.GBYOLPRAMJ

m. Fbrnmsmrgmj hmsoa pbjdcamhmj nmtm joamo euzzy-sbrvquma nmro Kurusmj

^bgjog Drmeogm nmj Pbjbrfotmj Pcaotbgjog Jbdbro Kmgmrtm nmpmt

nogbtmhuo fmhwm tojdgmt gumaotms pbamymjmj sbimrm gbsbauruhmj

lbloaogo joamo jbdmtoe ymjd fbrmrto tojdgmt hmrmpmj pbamjddmj abfoh

fbsmr mpmfoam nofmjnojdgmj nbjdmj pbrsbpso pbamjddmj. Ybhojddm

nmpmt nomlfoa sumtu gbsolpuamj fmhwm pbamjddmj fbaul pums

tbrhmnmp kmsm pbamymjmj pbjnonogmj ymjd nofbrogmj Kurusmj ^bgjog

Drmeogm nmj Pbjbrfotmj.

f. Lbsgopuj sbimrm gbsbauruhmj tojdgmt gumaotms pbamymjmj lmsoh

fbrjoamo jbdmtoe jmluj fugmj fbrmrto tojdgmt gumaotms pbamymjmj furug.

Rjtug lbjimpmo iustclbr smtosemitocj (gbpumsmj pbamjddmj) lmgm

pohmg Kurusmj ^bgjog Drmeogm nmj Pbjbrfotmj Pcaotbgjog Jbdbro

Kmgmrtm lmsoh hmrus lblpbrfmogo gojbrkmjym. Nbjdmj blpmt procrotms

utmlm ymjd nomlfoa nmro joamo tbrtojddo nmro blpmt nolbjso pbjdugurmj

gumaotms.

i. Rrutmj procrotms utmlm pmnm gumaotms pbamymjmj Kurusmj ^bgjog

Drmeogm nmj Pbjbrfotmj Pcaotbgjog Jbdbro Kmgmrtm ymjd pbrau

notojdgmtgmj mnmamh nolbjso Blphmty, nolbjso Vbaomfoaoty, nolbjso


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^mjdofab nmj nolbjso Mssurmjib sbsumo nbjdmj hmsoa euzzy-sbrvquma

sbfmdmo fbrogut;

^mfba 5.= Rrutmj Joamo Ybrvquma^brfbsmr

JC GVO^BVOM JOAMO

YBVU]RMA

PBVOJDGM^

NOLBJYO BLPHM^_

=. Gblunmhmj pbamjddmj

lblojtm fmjtumj gbpmnm

gmrymwmj ablfmdm pbjnonogmj

-0.=96 =

NOLBJYO VBAOMFOAO^_

6. Forcgrmso gmlpus -0.048 6

NOLBJYO ^MJDOFABY

9. Amy Cut gmlpus -0.0>=9

NOLBJYO MYYRVMJIB

>. Gbibpmtmj tojnmgmj gmrymwmj

ablfmdm pbjnonogmj pmnm smmt

mnm gbauhmj nmro pbamjddmj

-0.098 >

5.6. YMVMJ

Fbrnmsmrgmj nmro gbsolpuamj tbrsbfut nomtms nmj sbfmdmo fmhmj

pbrtolfmjdmj, lmgm pbjbaoto nmpmt lblfbrogmj s

pengukuran tingkat kepuasan konsumen menggunakan integrasi fuzzy-servqual

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