penanda tumor adalah zat yang ditemukan dalam darah

7/22/2019 Penanda Tumor Adalah Zat Yang Ditemukan Dalam Darah

1/11

Penanda tumor adalah zat yang ditemukan dalam darah, urine, tinja, cairan tubuh lainnya,atau jaringan dari beberapa pasien dengan kanker.

Penanda tumor dapat digunakan untuk membantu mendiagnosa kanker, memprediksirespons pasien terhadap terapi kanker tertentu, memeriksa respons pasien terhadap

pengobatan, atau menentukan apakah kanker telah kembali.

Lebih dari 20 penanda tumor sedang digunakan.

1. Apa penanda tumor?Penanda tumor adalah zat yang dihasilkan oleh kanker atau oleh sel tubuh lainnya

sebagai respon terhadap kanker atau jinak (bukan kanker) kondisi tertentu. Kebanyakan

tumor marker dibuat oleh sel-sel normal maupun oleh sel-sel kanker, namun, merekadiproduksi di tingkat yang jauh lebih tinggi dalam kondisi kanker. Zat ini dapat

ditemukan dalam darah, urine, tinja, jaringan tumor, atau jaringan lain atau cairan tubuh

dari beberapa pasien dengan kanker. Sebagian besar penanda tumor adalah protein.

Namun, baru-baru ini, polaekspresi gendan perubahan DNA juga mulai digunakan

sebagai penanda tumor. Penanda dari jenis terakhir ini dinilai dalam jaringan tumorsecara khusus.

Sejauh ini, lebih dari 20 penanda tumor yang berbeda telah ditandai dan dalam

penggunaan klinis. Beberapa berhubungan dengan hanya satu jenis kanker, sedangkan

yang lain yang berhubungan dengan dua atau lebih jenis kanker. Tidak ada "universal"penanda tumor yang dapat mendeteksi semua jenis kanker.

Ada beberapa keterbatasan penggunaan penanda tumor. Kadang-kadang, kondisi non-kanker dapat menyebabkan kadar penanda tumor tertentu untuk meningkatkan. Selain itu,

tidak semua orang dengan jenis tertentu kanker akan memiliki tingkat yang lebih tinggi

dari penanda tumor yang terkait dengan kanker itu. Selain itu, penanda tumor belumdiidentifikasi untuk setiap jenis kanker.

2. Bagaimana penanda tumor yang digunakan dalam perawatan kanker?Penanda tumor yang digunakan untuk membantu mendeteksi, mendiagnosa, dan

mengelola beberapa jenis kanker. Meskipun tingkat yang lebih tinggi dari penanda tumordapat menunjukkan adanya kanker, ini saja tidak cukup untuk mendiagnosa kanker. Oleh

karena itu, pengukuran penanda tumor biasanya dikombinasikan dengan tes lain, seperti

biopsi, untuk mendiagnosa kanker.

Tingkat penanda tumor dapat diukur sebelum pengobatan untuk membantu doktermerencanakan terapi yang tepat. Pada beberapa jenis kanker, tingkat penanda tumor

mencerminkan tahap (tingkat) penyakit dan / atau prognosis pasien (kemungkinan hasilatau perjalanan penyakit). Informasi lebih lanjut tentang pementasan tersedia di NCI

lembar faktaCancer Staging.

Penanda tumor juga dapat diukur secara periodik selama terapi kanker. Penurunan tingkat

penanda tumor atau kembali ke tingkat normal penanda mungkin menunjukkan bahwa
http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx%3Fid%3DCDR0000537335%26version%3DPatient%26language%3DEnglish&usg=ALkJrhjK0eAsy_AfyrQZGp6ffbr-SSuIiAhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx%3Fid%3DCDR0000537335%26version%3DPatient%26language%3DEnglish&usg=ALkJrhjK0eAsy_AfyrQZGp6ffbr-SSuIiAhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx%3Fid%3DCDR0000537335%26version%3DPatient%26language%3DEnglish&usg=ALkJrhjK0eAsy_AfyrQZGp6ffbr-SSuIiAhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx%3Fid%3DCDR0000045164%26version%3DPatient%26language%3DEnglish&usg=ALkJrhjV1lGnE8H4si1VkgqO6Xw9sQ7mdQhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx%3Fid%3DCDR0000045164%26version%3DPatient%26language%3DEnglish&usg=ALkJrhjV1lGnE8H4si1VkgqO6Xw9sQ7mdQhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/factsheet/Detection/staging&usg=ALkJrhiTGQYPt7y2N6UBA8gm9mbLV3ju2whttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/factsheet/Detection/staging&usg=ALkJrhiTGQYPt7y2N6UBA8gm9mbLV3ju2whttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/factsheet/Detection/staging&usg=ALkJrhiTGQYPt7y2N6UBA8gm9mbLV3ju2whttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/factsheet/Detection/staging&usg=ALkJrhiTGQYPt7y2N6UBA8gm9mbLV3ju2whttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx%3Fid%3DCDR0000045164%26version%3DPatient%26language%3DEnglish&usg=ALkJrhjV1lGnE8H4si1VkgqO6Xw9sQ7mdQhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx%3Fid%3DCDR0000537335%26version%3DPatient%26language%3DEnglish&usg=ALkJrhjK0eAsy_AfyrQZGp6ffbr-SSuIiA


2/11

kanker menanggapi pengobatan, sedangkan tidak ada perubahan atau peningkatan dapat

menunjukkan bahwa kanker tidak menanggapi.

Penanda tumor juga dapat diukur setelah perawatan telah berakhir untuk memeriksa

kekambuhan (kembalinya kanker).

3. Bagaimana penanda tumor diukur?Seorang dokter mengambil sampel jaringan tumor atau cairan tubuh dan mengirimkannya

ke laboratorium, di mana berbagai metode yang digunakan untuk mengukur tingkat

penanda tumor.

Jika penanda tumor yang digunakan untuk menentukan apakah pengobatan bekerja atau

apakah adakekambuhan, tingkat penanda akan diukur dalam beberapa sampel yang

diambil dari waktu ke waktu. Biasanya ini "pengukuran serial," yang menunjukkanapakah tingkat penanda meningkat, tetap sama, atau menurun, lebih bermakna daripada

pengukuran tunggal.

4. Apakah NCI memiliki pedoman penggunaan penanda tumor?NCI tidak memiliki pedoman tersebut. Namun, beberapa organisasi nasional dan

internasional memiliki pedoman penggunaan penanda tumor untuk beberapa jenis

kanker:

o The American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) telah menerbitkan pedomanpraktek klinis pada berbagai topik, termasuk penanda tumor untuk kanker

payudara, kanker pencernaan, dan kanker testis dantumor sel germinal

extragonadalpada laki-laki. Pedoman ini, yang disebutApa yang Harus Tahu:Pedoman ASCO itu, yang tersedia di situs ASCO.

o The National Academy of Clinical Biochemistry menerbitkan pedoman praktekkedokteran laboratorium, termasukPenggunaan Penanda Tumor di Clinical

Practice: Persyaratan Mutu, yang berfokus pada penggunaan yang tepat dari

penanda tumor untuk kanker tertentu.

5. Apa penanda tumor saat ini sedang digunakan, dan untuk yang jenis kanker?Sejumlah penanda tumor saat ini sedang digunakan untuk berbagai jenis kanker.Meskipun sebagian besar dari ini dapat diuji di laboratorium yang memenuhi standar

yang ditetapkan oleh Laboratorium Klinik Peningkatan Amandemen, beberapa tidak bisa

dan karenanya dapat dianggap eksperimental. Penanda tumor yang saat ini umumdigunakan tercantum di bawah ini.

Alk genpenyusunan ulang

o Jenis kanker:kanker paru-paru sel non-kecildanlimfoma anaplastik sel besaro Tissue dianalisis: Tumoro Cara yang digunakan: Untuk membantu menentukan pengobatan dan prognosis
http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx%3Fid%3DCDR0000045861%26version%3DPatient%26language%3DEnglish&usg=ALkJrhj3tIgHbSa-Rsuem_6BqTGEZ1bIbwhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx%3Fid%3DCDR0000045861%26version%3DPatient%26language%3DEnglish&usg=ALkJrhj3tIgHbSa-Rsuem_6BqTGEZ1bIbwhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx%3Fid%3DCDR0000045861%26version%3DPatient%26language%3DEnglish&usg=ALkJrhj3tIgHbSa-Rsuem_6BqTGEZ1bIbwhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx%3Fid%3DCDR0000444993%26version%3DPatient%26language%3DEnglish&usg=ALkJrhgkkSqoIhh4dQV_QKRgTDVvtIpIDwhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx%3Fid%3DCDR0000444993%26version%3DPatient%26language%3DEnglish&usg=ALkJrhgkkSqoIhh4dQV_QKRgTDVvtIpIDwhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx%3Fid%3DCDR0000444993%26version%3DPatient%26language%3DEnglish&usg=ALkJrhgkkSqoIhh4dQV_QKRgTDVvtIpIDwhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx%3Fid%3DCDR0000444993%26version%3DPatient%26language%3DEnglish&usg=ALkJrhgkkSqoIhh4dQV_QKRgTDVvtIpIDwhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.net/patient/Publications%2Band%2BResources/What%2Bto%2BKnow%253A%2BASCO%27s%2BGuidelines&usg=ALkJrhhJe-uUM_daUMkZgb_dS4WaKlBqyghttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.net/patient/Publications%2Band%2BResources/What%2Bto%2BKnow%253A%2BASCO%27s%2BGuidelines&usg=ALkJrhhJe-uUM_daUMkZgb_dS4WaKlBqyghttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.net/patient/Publications%2Band%2BResources/What%2Bto%2BKnow%253A%2BASCO%27s%2BGuidelines&usg=ALkJrhhJe-uUM_daUMkZgb_dS4WaKlBqyghttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.net/patient/Publications%2Band%2BResources/What%2Bto%2BKnow%253A%2BASCO%27s%2BGuidelines&usg=ALkJrhhJe-uUM_daUMkZgb_dS4WaKlBqyghttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.aacc.org/members/nacb/LMPG/OnlineGuide/PublishedGuidelines/tumor/Documents/TumorMarkers_QualityRequirements09.pdf&usg=ALkJrhgmnFHCtmHW87Um2cVH-TKCZq6kKQhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.aacc.org/members/nacb/LMPG/OnlineGuide/PublishedGuidelines/tumor/Documents/TumorMarkers_QualityRequirements09.pdf&usg=ALkJrhgmnFHCtmHW87Um2cVH-TKCZq6kKQhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.aacc.org/members/nacb/LMPG/OnlineGuide/PublishedGuidelines/tumor/Documents/TumorMarkers_QualityRequirements09.pdf&usg=ALkJrhgmnFHCtmHW87Um2cVH-TKCZq6kKQhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.aacc.org/members/nacb/LMPG/OnlineGuide/PublishedGuidelines/tumor/Documents/TumorMarkers_QualityRequirements09.pdf&usg=ALkJrhgmnFHCtmHW87Um2cVH-TKCZq6kKQhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx%3Fid%3DCDR0000721252%26version%3DPatient%26language%3DEnglish&usg=ALkJrhiVBh00NC_ESh6iVj6JMmLPFRPrBQhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx%3Fid%3DCDR0000721252%26version%3DPatient%26language%3DEnglish&usg=ALkJrhiVBh00NC_ESh6iVj6JMmLPFRPrBQhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx%3Fid%3DCDR0000045323%26version%3DPatient%26language%3DEnglish&usg=ALkJrhjlAXQ6obhymNCRkEld_7v5JdnWQwhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx%3Fid%3DCDR0000045323%26version%3DPatient%26language%3DEnglish&usg=ALkJrhjlAXQ6obhymNCRkEld_7v5JdnWQwhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx%3Fid%3DCDR0000045323%26version%3DPatient%26language%3DEnglish&usg=ALkJrhjlAXQ6obhymNCRkEld_7v5JdnWQwhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx%3Fid%3DCDR0000045552%26version%3DPatient%26language%3DEnglish&usg=ALkJrhiqYhlF2atmU0PaaCv3vFwnxXDW7ghttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx%3Fid%3DCDR0000045552%26version%3DPatient%26language%3DEnglish&usg=ALkJrhiqYhlF2atmU0PaaCv3vFwnxXDW7ghttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx%3Fid%3DCDR0000045552%26version%3DPatient%26language%3DEnglish&usg=ALkJrhiqYhlF2atmU0PaaCv3vFwnxXDW7ghttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx%3Fid%3DCDR0000045552%26version%3DPatient%26language%3DEnglish&usg=ALkJrhiqYhlF2atmU0PaaCv3vFwnxXDW7ghttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx%3Fid%3DCDR0000045323%26version%3DPatient%26language%3DEnglish&usg=ALkJrhjlAXQ6obhymNCRkEld_7v5JdnWQwhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx%3Fid%3DCDR0000721252%26version%3DPatient%26language%3DEnglish&usg=ALkJrhiVBh00NC_ESh6iVj6JMmLPFRPrBQhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.aacc.org/members/nacb/LMPG/OnlineGuide/PublishedGuidelines/tumor/Documents/TumorMarkers_QualityRequirements09.pdf&usg=ALkJrhgmnFHCtmHW87Um2cVH-TKCZq6kKQhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.aacc.org/members/nacb/LMPG/OnlineGuide/PublishedGuidelines/tumor/Documents/TumorMarkers_QualityRequirements09.pdf&usg=ALkJrhgmnFHCtmHW87Um2cVH-TKCZq6kKQhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.net/patient/Publications%2Band%2BResources/What%2Bto%2BKnow%253A%2BASCO%27s%2BGuidelines&usg=ALkJrhhJe-uUM_daUMkZgb_dS4WaKlBqyghttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.net/patient/Publications%2Band%2BResources/What%2Bto%2BKnow%253A%2BASCO%27s%2BGuidelines&usg=ALkJrhhJe-uUM_daUMkZgb_dS4WaKlBqyghttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx%3Fid%3DCDR0000444993%26version%3DPatient%26language%3DEnglish&usg=ALkJrhgkkSqoIhh4dQV_QKRgTDVvtIpIDwhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx%3Fid%3DCDR0000444993%26version%3DPatient%26language%3DEnglish&usg=ALkJrhgkkSqoIhh4dQV_QKRgTDVvtIpIDwhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx%3Fid%3DCDR0000045861%26version%3DPatient%26language%3DEnglish&usg=ALkJrhj3tIgHbSa-Rsuem_6BqTGEZ1bIbw


3/11

Alpha-fetoprotein(AFP)

o Jenis kanker: kanker dan hatitumor sel germinalo Tissue dianalisis: Daraho Cara yang digunakan: Untuk membantu mendiagnosa kanker hati dan mengikuti

respon terhadap pengobatan, untuk menilai tahap, prognosis, dan respon terhadappengobatan tumor sel germinal

Beta-2-mikroglobulin(B2M)

o Jenis kanker:Multiple myeloma,leukemia limfositik kronis, dan beberapalimfoma

o Tissue dianalisis: darah, urin, ataucairan serebrospinalo Cara yang digunakan: Untuk menentukan prognosis dan ikuti respon terhadap

pengobatan

Chorionic gonadotropin beta-manusia(Beta-hCG)

o Jenis kanker:Koriokarsinomadan kanker testiso Tissue dianalisis: Urine atau daraho Cara yang digunakan: Untuk menilai stadium, prognosis, dan respon terhadap

pengobatan

Gen fusi BCR-ABL

o Jenis Kanker:leukemia myeloid kroniso Tissue dianalisis: Darah dan / atau sumsum tulango

Cara yang digunakan: Untuk mengkonfirmasi diagnosis dan memantau statuspenyakit

BRAF mutasi V600E

o Jenis kanker:Cutaneousmelanomadan kanker kolorektalo Tissue dianalisis: Tumoro Cara yang digunakan: Untuk memprediksi respon terhadap terapi bertarget

CA15-3/CA27.29

oJenis Kanker: Kanker payudara

o Tissue dianalisis: Daraho Cara yang digunakan: Untuk menilai apakah pengobatan bekerja atau penyakit

sudah berulang

CA19-9
http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx%3Fid%3DCDR0000046208%26version%3DPatient%26language%3DEnglish&usg=ALkJrhh81NPU1wp27xACoZaHD-4NdGyz6Qhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx%3Fid%3DCDR0000046208%26version%3DPatient%26language%3DEnglish&usg=ALkJrhh81NPU1wp27xACoZaHD-4NdGyz6Qhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx%3Fid%3DCDR0000045695%26version%3DPatient%26language%3DEnglish&usg=ALkJrhi1K3LNdAsOFEBmpZSbKZIWQfsjkQhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx%3Fid%3DCDR0000045695%26version%3DPatient%26language%3DEnglish&usg=ALkJrhi1K3LNdAsOFEBmpZSbKZIWQfsjkQhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx%3Fid%3DCDR0000045695%26version%3DPatient%26language%3DEnglish&usg=ALkJrhi1K3LNdAsOFEBmpZSbKZIWQfsjkQhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx%3Fid%3DCDR0000411372%26version%3DPatient%26language%3DEnglish&usg=ALkJrhhvOzoZxTDCk6yiK1XQBZVEZ_Di5whttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx%3Fid%3DCDR0000411372%26version%3DPatient%26language%3DEnglish&usg=ALkJrhhvOzoZxTDCk6yiK1XQBZVEZ_Di5whttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx%3Fid%3DCDR0000045793%26version%3DPatient%26language%3DEnglish&usg=ALkJrhg5fDhq72vdpJ9NA8wH5IL1zXuzRQhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx%3Fid%3DCDR0000045793%26version%3DPatient%26language%3DEnglish&usg=ALkJrhg5fDhq72vdpJ9NA8wH5IL1zXuzRQhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx%3Fid%3DCDR0000045793%26version%3DPatient%26language%3DEnglish&usg=ALkJrhg5fDhq72vdpJ9NA8wH5IL1zXuzRQhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx%3Fid%3DCDR0000044846%26version%3DPatient%26language%3DEnglish&usg=ALkJrhh5Gnp7QDAgeoAP4xoHhmD-6YSctAhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx%3Fid%3DCDR0000044846%26version%3DPatient%26language%3DEnglish&usg=ALkJrhh5Gnp7QDAgeoAP4xoHhmD-6YSctAhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx%3Fid%3DCDR0000044846%26version%3DPatient%26language%3DEnglish&usg=ALkJrhh5Gnp7QDAgeoAP4xoHhmD-6YSctAhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx%3Fid%3DCDR0000046483%26version%3DPatient%26language%3DEnglish&usg=ALkJrhiXQXx8sAoOBPx6eP0fypu6uPOiYQhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx%3Fid%3DCDR0000046483%26version%3DPatient%26language%3DEnglish&usg=ALkJrhiXQXx8sAoOBPx6eP0fypu6uPOiYQhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx%3Fid%3DCDR0000046483%26version%3DPatient%26language%3DEnglish&usg=ALkJrhiXQXx8sAoOBPx6eP0fypu6uPOiYQhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx%3Fid%3DCDR0000354453%26version%3DPatient%26language%3DEnglish&usg=ALkJrhhNLF_HwQN3Mj70AD3bAnvqBMSlZAhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx%3Fid%3DCDR0000354453%26version%3DPatient%26language%3DEnglish&usg=ALkJrhhNLF_HwQN3Mj70AD3bAnvqBMSlZAhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx%3Fid%3DCDR0000046753%26version%3DPatient%26language%3DEnglish&usg=ALkJrhgnCFlXvcr7A3iGcggObFdd53Ca0whttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx%3Fid%3DCDR0000046753%26version%3DPatient%26language%3DEnglish&usg=ALkJrhgnCFlXvcr7A3iGcggObFdd53Ca0whttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx%3Fid%3DCDR0000046753%26version%3DPatient%26language%3DEnglish&usg=ALkJrhgnCFlXvcr7A3iGcggObFdd53Ca0whttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx%3Fid%3DCDR0000561237%26version%3DPatient%26language%3DEnglish&usg=ALkJrhhxTMxTls4uAhkZARMfrpGKK8ppNQhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx%3Fid%3DCDR0000561237%26version%3DPatient%26language%3DEnglish&usg=ALkJrhhxTMxTls4uAhkZARMfrpGKK8ppNQhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx%3Fid%3DCDR0000046755%26version%3DPatient%26language%3DEnglish&usg=ALkJrhjyviCx9nOdfpT80J1ZX5WidvUfjQhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx%3Fid%3DCDR0000046755%26version%3DPatient%26language%3DEnglish&usg=ALkJrhjyviCx9nOdfpT80J1ZX5WidvUfjQhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx%3Fid%3DCDR0000046755%26version%3DPatient%26language%3DEnglish&usg=ALkJrhjyviCx9nOdfpT80J1ZX5WidvUfjQhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx%3Fid%3DCDR00000721263%26version%3DPatient%26language%3DEnglish&usg=ALkJrhjULZdk0LPt4TWumcBxP2Pyp7Kk1whttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx%3Fid%3DCDR00000721263%26version%3DPatient%26language%3DEnglish&usg=ALkJrhjULZdk0LPt4TWumcBxP2Pyp7Kk1whttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx%3Fid%3DCDR0000046112%26version%3DPatient%26language%3DEnglish&usg=ALkJrhhIeU0gOV0OjhKV-X311fEEaACsYghttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx%3Fid%3DCDR0000046112%26version%3DPatient%26language%3DEnglish&usg=ALkJrhhIeU0gOV0OjhKV-X311fEEaACsYghttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx%3Fid%3DCDR0000045135%26version%3DPatient%26language%3DEnglish&usg=ALkJrhjbNo2qJH_Vnrcz0jDNXV-ffyh04Qhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx%3Fid%3DCDR0000045135%26version%3DPatient%26language%3DEnglish&usg=ALkJrhjbNo2qJH_Vnrcz0jDNXV-ffyh04Qhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx%3Fid%3DCDR0000045135%26version%3DPatient%26language%3DEnglish&usg=ALkJrhjbNo2qJH_Vnrcz0jDNXV-ffyh04Qhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx%3Fid%3DCDR0000045135%26version%3DPatient%26language%3DEnglish&usg=ALkJrhjbNo2qJH_Vnrcz0jDNXV-ffyh04Qhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx%3Fid%3DCDR0000046112%26version%3DPatient%26language%3DEnglish&usg=ALkJrhhIeU0gOV0OjhKV-X311fEEaACsYghttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx%3Fid%3DCDR00000721263%26version%3DPatient%26language%3DEnglish&usg=ALkJrhjULZdk0LPt4TWumcBxP2Pyp7Kk1whttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx%3Fid%3DCDR0000046755%26version%3DPatient%26language%3DEnglish&usg=ALkJrhjyviCx9nOdfpT80J1ZX5WidvUfjQhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx%3Fid%3DCDR0000561237%26version%3DPatient%26language%3DEnglish&usg=ALkJrhhxTMxTls4uAhkZARMfrpGKK8ppNQhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx%3Fid%3DCDR0000046753%26version%3DPatient%26language%3DEnglish&usg=ALkJrhgnCFlXvcr7A3iGcggObFdd53Ca0whttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx%3Fid%3DCDR0000354453%26version%3DPatient%26language%3DEnglish&usg=ALkJrhhNLF_HwQN3Mj70AD3bAnvqBMSlZAhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx%3Fid%3DCDR0000046483%26version%3DPatient%26language%3DEnglish&usg=ALkJrhiXQXx8sAoOBPx6eP0fypu6uPOiYQhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx%3Fid%3DCDR0000044846%26version%3DPatient%26language%3DEnglish&usg=ALkJrhh5Gnp7QDAgeoAP4xoHhmD-6YSctAhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx%3Fid%3DCDR0000045793%26version%3DPatient%26language%3DEnglish&usg=ALkJrhg5fDhq72vdpJ9NA8wH5IL1zXuzRQhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx%3Fid%3DCDR0000411372%26version%3DPatient%26language%3DEnglish&usg=ALkJrhhvOzoZxTDCk6yiK1XQBZVEZ_Di5whttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx%3Fid%3DCDR0000045695%26version%3DPatient%26language%3DEnglish&usg=ALkJrhi1K3LNdAsOFEBmpZSbKZIWQfsjkQhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx%3Fid%3DCDR0000046208%26version%3DPatient%26language%3DEnglish&usg=ALkJrhh81NPU1wp27xACoZaHD-4NdGyz6Q


4/11

o Jenis kanker: Kanker pankreas, kanker kandung empedu,kanker saluran empedu,dan kanker lambung

o Tissue dianalisis: Daraho Cara yang digunakan: Untuk menilai apakah pengobatan bekerja

CA-125

o Jenis Kanker: Kanker ovariumo Tissue dianalisis: Daraho Cara yang digunakan: Untuk membantu dalam diagnosis, penilaian respon

terhadap pengobatan, dan evaluasikekambuhan

Kalsitonin

o Jenis Kanker:kanker tiroid medulero Tissue dianalisis: Daraho

Cara yang digunakan: Untuk membantu dalam diagnosis, periksa apakahpengobatan bekerja, dan menilai kekambuhan

Carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA)

o Jenis kanker: Kanker usus dan kanker payudarao Tissue dianalisis: Daraho Cara yang digunakan: Untuk memeriksa apakah kanker kolorektal telah

menyebar, untuk mencari kekambuhan kanker payudara dan menilai respon

terhadap pengobatan

CD20

o Jenis Kanker:limfoma Non-Hodgkino Tissue dianalisis: Daraho Cara yang digunakan: Untuk menentukan apakah pengobatan dengan terapi yang

ditargetkan sesuai

Chromogranin A(CGA)

o Jenis Kanker:tumor neuroendokrino Tissue dianalisis: Daraho

Cara yang digunakan: Untuk membantu dalam diagnosis, penilaian responpengobatan, dan evaluasi kekambuhan

Kromosom 3, 7, 17, dan 9p21

o Jenis Kanker: Kanker kandung kemiho Tissue dianalisis: Urineo Cara yang digunakan: Untuk membantu dalam memantau kekambuhan tumor
http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx%3Fid%3DCDR0000527370%26version%3DPatient%26language%3DEnglish&usg=ALkJrhgJk5gb7zbOGxxHguHvBi022qspughttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx%3Fid%3DCDR0000527370%26version%3DPatient%26language%3DEnglish&usg=ALkJrhgJk5gb7zbOGxxHguHvBi022qspughttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx%3Fid%3DCDR0000527370%26version%3DPatient%26language%3DEnglish&usg=ALkJrhgJk5gb7zbOGxxHguHvBi022qspughttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx%3Fid%3DCDR0000046490%26version%3DPatient%26language%3DEnglish&usg=ALkJrhi75pdPKy88hIpjd2lIOQ_Rq4pUQwhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx%3Fid%3DCDR0000046490%26version%3DPatient%26language%3DEnglish&usg=ALkJrhi75pdPKy88hIpjd2lIOQ_Rq4pUQwhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx%3Fid%3DCDR0000045861%26version%3DPatient%26language%3DEnglish&usg=ALkJrhj3tIgHbSa-Rsuem_6BqTGEZ1bIbwhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx%3Fid%3DCDR0000045861%26version%3DPatient%26language%3DEnglish&usg=ALkJrhj3tIgHbSa-Rsuem_6BqTGEZ1bIbwhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx%3Fid%3DCDR0000045861%26version%3DPatient%26language%3DEnglish&usg=ALkJrhj3tIgHbSa-Rsuem_6BqTGEZ1bIbwhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx%3Fid%3DCDR0000045207%26version%3DPatient%26language%3DEnglish&usg=ALkJrhhU02ed7NkNo7TN-8-MpMZceni_dQhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx%3Fid%3DCDR0000045207%26version%3DPatient%26language%3DEnglish&usg=ALkJrhhU02ed7NkNo7TN-8-MpMZceni_dQhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx%3Fid%3DCDR0000044550%26version%3DPatient%26language%3DEnglish&usg=ALkJrhiVQ9b-XUtJlUDBLl7jIOWwHsUXWwhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx%3Fid%3DCDR0000044550%26version%3DPatient%26language%3DEnglish&usg=ALkJrhiVQ9b-XUtJlUDBLl7jIOWwHsUXWwhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx%3Fid%3DCDR0000044550%26version%3DPatient%26language%3DEnglish&usg=ALkJrhiVQ9b-XUtJlUDBLl7jIOWwHsUXWwhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx%3Fid%3DCDR0000357558%26version%3DPatient%26language%3DEnglish&usg=ALkJrhhupWsWZKqY79zGyrBDQNkLAVXv5whttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx%3Fid%3DCDR0000357558%26version%3DPatient%26language%3DEnglish&usg=ALkJrhhupWsWZKqY79zGyrBDQNkLAVXv5whttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx%3Fid%3DCDR0000721283%26version%3DPatient%26language%3DEnglish&usg=ALkJrhgYfl2fk2vGNV0Sy1Xh9a9glrBgXQhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx%3Fid%3DCDR0000721283%26version%3DPatient%26language%3DEnglish&usg=ALkJrhgYfl2fk2vGNV0Sy1Xh9a9glrBgXQhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx%3Fid%3DCDR0000045148%26version%3DPatient%26language%3DEnglish&usg=ALkJrhihtwYF3o1hCuNN1qj3zZCdSHDDaQhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx%3Fid%3DCDR0000045148%26version%3DPatient%26language%3DEnglish&usg=ALkJrhihtwYF3o1hCuNN1qj3zZCdSHDDaQhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx%3Fid%3DCDR0000045148%26version%3DPatient%26language%3DEnglish&usg=ALkJrhihtwYF3o1hCuNN1qj3zZCdSHDDaQhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx%3Fid%3DCDR0000721302%26version%3DPatient%26language%3DEnglish&usg=ALkJrhj-MOiDpWFMYXPDpPJSsrHoVsrfrQhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx%3Fid%3DCDR0000721302%26version%3DPatient%26language%3DEnglish&usg=ALkJrhj-MOiDpWFMYXPDpPJSsrHoVsrfrQhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx%3Fid%3DCDR0000044904%26version%3DPatient%26language%3DEnglish&usg=ALkJrhhO-Rt75w_BiOWhaCVV33-krTFQsQhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx%3Fid%3DCDR0000044904%26version%3DPatient%26language%3DEnglish&usg=ALkJrhhO-Rt75w_BiOWhaCVV33-krTFQsQhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx%3Fid%3DCDR0000044904%26version%3DPatient%26language%3DEnglish&usg=ALkJrhhO-Rt75w_BiOWhaCVV33-krTFQsQhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx%3Fid%3DCDR0000044904%26version%3DPatient%26language%3DEnglish&usg=ALkJrhhO-Rt75w_BiOWhaCVV33-krTFQsQhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx%3Fid%3DCDR0000721302%26version%3DPatient%26language%3DEnglish&usg=ALkJrhj-MOiDpWFMYXPDpPJSsrHoVsrfrQhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx%3Fid%3DCDR0000045148%26version%3DPatient%26language%3DEnglish&usg=ALkJrhihtwYF3o1hCuNN1qj3zZCdSHDDaQhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx%3Fid%3DCDR0000721283%26version%3DPatient%26language%3DEnglish&usg=ALkJrhgYfl2fk2vGNV0Sy1Xh9a9glrBgXQhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx%3Fid%3DCDR0000357558%26version%3DPatient%26language%3DEnglish&usg=ALkJrhhupWsWZKqY79zGyrBDQNkLAVXv5whttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx%3Fid%3DCDR0000044550%26version%3DPatient%26language%3DEnglish&usg=ALkJrhiVQ9b-XUtJlUDBLl7jIOWwHsUXWwhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx%3Fid%3DCDR0000045207%26version%3DPatient%26language%3DEnglish&usg=ALkJrhhU02ed7NkNo7TN-8-MpMZceni_dQhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx%3Fid%3DCDR0000045861%26version%3DPatient%26language%3DEnglish&usg=ALkJrhj3tIgHbSa-Rsuem_6BqTGEZ1bIbwhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx%3Fid%3DCDR0000046490%26version%3DPatient%26language%3DEnglish&usg=ALkJrhi75pdPKy88hIpjd2lIOQ_Rq4pUQwhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx%3Fid%3DCDR0000527370%26version%3DPatient%26language%3DEnglish&usg=ALkJrhgJk5gb7zbOGxxHguHvBi022qspug


5/11

Cytokeratinfragmen 21-1

o Jenis Kanker: Kanker paru-paruo Tissue dianalisis: Daraho Cara yang digunakan: Untuk membantu dalam memantau kekambuhan

EGFRanalisis mutasi

o Jenis Kanker: kanker paru-paru sel non-kecilo Tissue dianalisis: Tumoro Cara yang digunakan: Untuk membantu menentukan pengobatan dan prognosis

Reseptor estrogen(ER) /reseptor progesteron(PR)

o Jenis Kanker: Kanker payudarao Tissue dianalisis: Tumoro

Cara yang digunakan: Untuk menentukan apakah pengobatan denganterapihormonal(seperti tamoxifen) sesuai

Fibrin / fibrinogen

o Jenis Kanker: Kanker kandung kemiho Tissue dianalisis: Urineo Cara yang digunakan: Untuk memantau perkembangan dan respon terhadap

pengobatan

HE4

o Jenis Kanker: Kanker ovariumo Tissue dianalisis: Daraho Cara yang digunakan: Untuk menilai perkembangan penyakit dan memantau

kekambuhan

HER2/neu

o Jenis kanker: Kanker payudara, kanker lambung, dan kanker esofaguso Tissue dianalisis: Tumoro Cara yang digunakan: Untuk menentukan apakah pengobatan dengantrastuzumab

tepat

Imunoglobulin

o Jenis kanker: Multiple myeloma danWaldenstrm macroglobulinemiao Tissue dianalisis: darah dan urino Cara yang digunakan: Untuk membantu mendiagnosa penyakit, menilai respon

terhadap pengobatan, dan mencari kekambuhan
http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx%3Fid%3DCDR0000721316%26version%3DPatient%26language%3DEnglish&usg=ALkJrhjKzCRvSHfYGyHm_07v-HnfdyhG4Qhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx%3Fid%3DCDR0000721316%26version%3DPatient%26language%3DEnglish&usg=ALkJrhjKzCRvSHfYGyHm_07v-HnfdyhG4Qhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx%3Fid%3DCDR0000044397%26version%3DPatient%26language%3DEnglish&usg=ALkJrhimWfEVcqorxb9Q2Q5CElP0FwbAWQhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx%3Fid%3DCDR0000044397%26version%3DPatient%26language%3DEnglish&usg=ALkJrhimWfEVcqorxb9Q2Q5CElP0FwbAWQhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx%3Fid%3DCDR0000046409%26version%3DPatient%26language%3DEnglish&usg=ALkJrhiAiBEa9nhuNEysKg3NOaHKh3SQ_ghttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx%3Fid%3DCDR0000046409%26version%3DPatient%26language%3DEnglish&usg=ALkJrhiAiBEa9nhuNEysKg3NOaHKh3SQ_ghttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx%3Fid%3DCDR0000423248%26version%3DPatient%26language%3DEnglish&usg=ALkJrhgWOvg3W2fR135ciZ88kqm6KfXLHwhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx%3Fid%3DCDR0000423248%26version%3DPatient%26language%3DEnglish&usg=ALkJrhgWOvg3W2fR135ciZ88kqm6KfXLHwhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx%3Fid%3DCDR0000423248%26version%3DPatient%26language%3DEnglish&usg=ALkJrhgWOvg3W2fR135ciZ88kqm6KfXLHwhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx%3Fid%3DCDR0000046367%26version%3DPatient%26language%3DEnglish&usg=ALkJrhibebJIsZSyibIqccT-CQ0Qxy6ziAhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx%3Fid%3DCDR0000046367%26version%3DPatient%26language%3DEnglish&usg=ALkJrhibebJIsZSyibIqccT-CQ0Qxy6ziAhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx%3Fid%3DCDR0000046367%26version%3DPatient%26language%3DEnglish&usg=ALkJrhibebJIsZSyibIqccT-CQ0Qxy6ziAhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx%3Fid%3DCDR0000046367%26version%3DPatient%26language%3DEnglish&usg=ALkJrhibebJIsZSyibIqccT-CQ0Qxy6ziAhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx%3Fid%3DCDR0000044945%26version%3DPatient%26language%3DEnglish&usg=ALkJrhiZUDFFg-vlLre9K-uftOO6xVCKYghttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx%3Fid%3DCDR0000044945%26version%3DPatient%26language%3DEnglish&usg=ALkJrhiZUDFFg-vlLre9K-uftOO6xVCKYghttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx%3Fid%3DCDR0000045439%26version%3DPatient%26language%3DEnglish&usg=ALkJrhglsF3CR7WQLM5uy5V91jMa_kFjpghttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx%3Fid%3DCDR0000045439%26version%3DPatient%26language%3DEnglish&usg=ALkJrhglsF3CR7WQLM5uy5V91jMa_kFjpghttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx%3Fid%3DCDR0000045439%26version%3DPatient%26language%3DEnglish&usg=ALkJrhglsF3CR7WQLM5uy5V91jMa_kFjpghttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx%3Fid%3DCDR0000044854%26version%3DPatient%26language%3DEnglish&usg=ALkJrhjmATCsvXfowtIP5BWnjP6cs654Pghttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx%3Fid%3DCDR0000044854%26version%3DPatient%26language%3DEnglish&usg=ALkJrhjmATCsvXfowtIP5BWnjP6cs654Pghttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx%3Fid%3DCDR0000044854%26version%3DPatient%26language%3DEnglish&usg=ALkJrhjmATCsvXfowtIP5BWnjP6cs654Pghttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx%3Fid%3DCDR0000044854%26version%3DPatient%26language%3DEnglish&usg=ALkJrhjmATCsvXfowtIP5BWnjP6cs654Pghttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx%3Fid%3DCDR0000045439%26version%3DPatient%26language%3DEnglish&usg=ALkJrhglsF3CR7WQLM5uy5V91jMa_kFjpghttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx%3Fid%3DCDR0000044945%26version%3DPatient%26language%3DEnglish&usg=ALkJrhiZUDFFg-vlLre9K-uftOO6xVCKYghttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx%3Fid%3DCDR0000046367%26version%3DPatient%26language%3DEnglish&usg=ALkJrhibebJIsZSyibIqccT-CQ0Qxy6ziAhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx%3Fid%3DCDR0000046367%26version%3DPatient%26language%3DEnglish&usg=ALkJrhibebJIsZSyibIqccT-CQ0Qxy6ziAhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx%3Fid%3DCDR0000423248%26version%3DPatient%26language%3DEnglish&usg=ALkJrhgWOvg3W2fR135ciZ88kqm6KfXLHwhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx%3Fid%3DCDR0000046409%26version%3DPatient%26language%3DEnglish&usg=ALkJrhiAiBEa9nhuNEysKg3NOaHKh3SQ_ghttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx%3Fid%3DCDR0000044397%26version%3DPatient%26language%3DEnglish&usg=ALkJrhimWfEVcqorxb9Q2Q5CElP0FwbAWQhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx%3Fid%3DCDR0000721316%26version%3DPatient%26language%3DEnglish&usg=ALkJrhjKzCRvSHfYGyHm_07v-HnfdyhG4Q


6/11

KIT

o Jenis kanker:tumor stroma gastrointestinaldan melanoma mukosao Tissue dianalisis: Tumoro Cara yang digunakan: Untuk membantu dalam mendiagnosis dan menentukan

pengobatan

Analisis KRAS mutasi

o Jenis kanker: Kanker kolorektal dan kanker paru-paru non-sel kecilo Tissue dianalisis: Tumoro Cara yang digunakan: Untuk menentukan apakah pengobatan dengan jenis

tertentu terapi yang ditargetkan sesuai

Laktat dehidrogenase

oJenis Kanker: tumor sel germinal

o Tissue dianalisis: Daraho Cara yang digunakan: Untuk menilai stadium, prognosis, dan respon terhadap

pengobatan

Protein matriks nuklir 22

o Jenis Kanker: Kanker kandung kemiho Tissue dianalisis: Urineo Cara yang digunakan: Untuk memantau respon terhadap pengobatan

Prostate-specific antigen(PSA)

o Jenis Kanker: Kanker prostato Tissue dianalisis: Daraho Cara yang digunakan: Untuk membantu dalam diagnosis, menilai respon terhadap

pengobatan, dan mencari kekambuhan

Tiroglobulin

o Jenis Kanker: Kanker tiroido Tissue dianalisis: Tumoro

Cara yang digunakan: Untuk mengevaluasi respon terhadap pengobatan danmencari kekambuhan

Urokinaseplasminogen activator (UPA) dan plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1)

o Jenis Kanker: Kanker payudarao Tissue dianalisis: Tumor
http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx%3Fid%3DCDR0000044998%26version%3DPatient%26language%3DEnglish&usg=ALkJrhhE4xOlS3y_UVIlyTslxgk0zN9Jgghttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx%3Fid%3DCDR0000044998%26version%3DPatient%26language%3DEnglish&usg=ALkJrhhE4xOlS3y_UVIlyTslxgk0zN9Jgghttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx%3Fid%3DCDR0000044998%26version%3DPatient%26language%3DEnglish&usg=ALkJrhhE4xOlS3y_UVIlyTslxgk0zN9Jgghttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx%3Fid%3DCDR0000354462%26version%3DPatient%26language%3DEnglish&usg=ALkJrhgwEINwI9yoBo9TagUQ7KxNGg_y6Qhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx%3Fid%3DCDR0000354462%26version%3DPatient%26language%3DEnglish&usg=ALkJrhgwEINwI9yoBo9TagUQ7KxNGg_y6Qhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx%3Fid%3DCDR0000046540%26version%3DPatient%26language%3DEnglish&usg=ALkJrhjiQJkFve0bshYe0eui63bMcWhWOAhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx%3Fid%3DCDR0000046540%26version%3DPatient%26language%3DEnglish&usg=ALkJrhjiQJkFve0bshYe0eui63bMcWhWOAhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx%3Fid%3DCDR0000044556%26version%3DPatient%26language%3DEnglish&usg=ALkJrhiJNdQUfXLOWB2mblV0ogn7rblR-ghttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx%3Fid%3DCDR0000044556%26version%3DPatient%26language%3DEnglish&usg=ALkJrhiJNdQUfXLOWB2mblV0ogn7rblR-ghttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx%3Fid%3DCDR0000045245%26version%3DPatient%26language%3DEnglish&usg=ALkJrhiwnv-ZnMluvNOO6QFMsF96om1paAhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx%3Fid%3DCDR0000045245%26version%3DPatient%26language%3DEnglish&usg=ALkJrhiwnv-ZnMluvNOO6QFMsF96om1paAhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx%3Fid%3DCDR0000045245%26version%3DPatient%26language%3DEnglish&usg=ALkJrhiwnv-ZnMluvNOO6QFMsF96om1paAhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx%3Fid%3DCDR0000044556%26version%3DPatient%26language%3DEnglish&usg=ALkJrhiJNdQUfXLOWB2mblV0ogn7rblR-ghttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx%3Fid%3DCDR0000046540%26version%3DPatient%26language%3DEnglish&usg=ALkJrhjiQJkFve0bshYe0eui63bMcWhWOAhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx%3Fid%3DCDR0000354462%26version%3DPatient%26language%3DEnglish&usg=ALkJrhgwEINwI9yoBo9TagUQ7KxNGg_y6Qhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx%3Fid%3DCDR0000044998%26version%3DPatient%26language%3DEnglish&usg=ALkJrhhE4xOlS3y_UVIlyTslxgk0zN9Jgg


7/11

o Cara yang digunakan: Untuk menentukan agresivitas kanker dan pengobatanmembimbing

Tanda tangan 5-Protein (OVA1)

oJenis Kanker: Kanker ovarium

o Tissue dianalisis: Daraho Cara yang digunakan: Untuk pra-bedah menilai massa panggul untuk dicurigai

kanker ovarium

21-Gene signature (Oncotype DX)

o Jenis Kanker: Kanker payudarao Tissue dianalisis: Tumoro Cara yang digunakan: Untuk mengevaluasi risiko kekambuhan

70-Gene signature (MammaPrint)

o Jenis Kanker: Kanker payudarao Tissue dianalisis: Tumoro Cara yang digunakan: Untuk mengevaluasi risiko kekambuhan

6. Dapatkah tumor marker dapat digunakan dalam skrining kanker?Karena tumor marker dapat digunakan untuk menilai respon tumor terhadap pengobatan

dan prognosis, para peneliti berharap bahwa mereka juga mungkin berguna dalamskrining tes yang bertujuan untuk mendeteksi kanker secara dini, sebelum ada gejala

apapun. Untuk tes skrining untuk menjadi berguna, itu harus memiliki sensitivitas yang

sangat tinggi (kemampuan untuk benar mengidentifikasi orang-orang yang memilikipenyakit) dan spesifisitas (kemampuan untuk benar mengidentifikasi orang-orang yang

tidakmemiliki penyakit). Jika tes sangat sensitif, akan mengidentifikasi sebagian besarorang dengan penyakit-yaitu, ia akan menghasilkan sangat sedikit hasil negatif palsu. Jika

tes ini sangat spesifik, hanya sejumlah kecil orang akan dites positif untuk penyakit yang

tidak memilikinya-dengan kata lain, hal itu akan menghasilkan sangat sedikit hasil positifpalsu.

Meskipun penanda tumor yang sangat berguna dalam menentukan apakah tumormerespons pengobatan atau menilai apakah telah terulang, tidak ada penanda tumor

diidentifikasi sampai saat ini adalah cukup sensitif atau khusus untuk digunakan sendiri

untuk menyaring kanker.

Sebagai contoh,prostate-specific antigen (PSA) tes, yang mengukur tingkat PSA dalam

darah, sering digunakan untuk layar orang untuk kanker prostat. Namun, tingkat PSAmeningkat dapat disebabkan oleh kondisi prostat jinak maupun oleh kanker prostat, dan

kebanyakan pria dengan tingkat PSA tinggi tidak memiliki kanker prostat. Hasil awal

dari dua acak besarpercobaan terkontrol, NCI-dilakukan prostat, paru, kolorektal, dan

kanker ovarium Screening Trial, atau PLCO, dan Eropa Acak Studi Skrining untuk
http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx%3Fid%3DCDR0000322878%26version%3DPatient%26language%3DEnglish&usg=ALkJrhjboYzDzqwCO_zlqA2WmfkZO2CW6Ahttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx%3Fid%3DCDR0000322878%26version%3DPatient%26language%3DEnglish&usg=ALkJrhjboYzDzqwCO_zlqA2WmfkZO2CW6Ahttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx%3Fid%3DCDR0000322878%26version%3DPatient%26language%3DEnglish&usg=ALkJrhjboYzDzqwCO_zlqA2WmfkZO2CW6Ahttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx%3Fid%3DCDR0000044014%26version%3DPatient%26language%3DEnglish&usg=ALkJrhiOdQaRSRNed3oiBPYV2jgnAFQ22Ahttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx%3Fid%3DCDR0000044014%26version%3DPatient%26language%3DEnglish&usg=ALkJrhiOdQaRSRNed3oiBPYV2jgnAFQ22Ahttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx%3Fid%3DCDR0000044014%26version%3DPatient%26language%3DEnglish&usg=ALkJrhiOdQaRSRNed3oiBPYV2jgnAFQ22Ahttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx%3Fid%3DCDR0000044014%26version%3DPatient%26language%3DEnglish&usg=ALkJrhiOdQaRSRNed3oiBPYV2jgnAFQ22Ahttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtumor%2Bmarkers%2Bgastrointestinal%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DC44%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:id:official%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D600&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx%3Fid%3DCDR0000322878%26version%3DPatient%26language%3DEnglish&usg=ALkJrhjboYzDzqwCO_zlqA2WmfkZO2CW6A


8/11

Kanker Prostat, menunjukkan bahwa tes PSA pada lead terbaik hanya kecil penurunan

jumlah kematian akibat kanker prostat. Selain itu, tidak jelas apakah manfaat dari

skrining PSA lebih besar daripada bahaya tindak lanjut tes diagnostik dan pengobatanuntuk kanker yang dalam banyak kasus tidak akan pernah mengancam hidup manusia.

Demikian pula, hasil dari sidang PLCO menunjukkan bahwaCA-125, penanda tumoryang kadang meningkat dalam darah wanita dengan kanker ovarium tetapi juga dapat

meningkat pada wanita dengan kondisi jinak, tidak cukup sensitif atau khusus untuk

digunakan bersama-sama dengantransvaginal ultrasounduntuk menyaring kankerovarium pada wanita berisiko rata-rata penyakit ini. Sebuah analisis dari 28 penanda

potensial untuk kanker ovarium dalam darah dari wanita yang kemudian melanjutkan

untuk mengembangkan kanker ovarium menemukan bahwa tidak ada tanda tersebut

dilakukan bahkan se