paket a modul 1 mobil listrik

8/10/2019 Paket a Modul 1 Mobil Listrik

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ALUR ENERGI: DARI SUMBER

HINGGA PENGGUNAAN


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MilllionTon(OilConversion

)

YearSource: World Energy Congress

Kecenderungan energi dunia


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CADANGAN DAN PRODUKSI ENERGI FOSIL

INDONESIA (2008)

ENERGI

FOSIL

SUMBER

DAYA

CADANGAN PRODUKSI RASIO

CAD/PROD

Minyak Bumi 56,6 milyar

barel

8,2 milyar barel 357 jt barel 23

Gas Bumi 334,5 TSCF 170 TSCF 2,9 TSCF 59

Batubara

104,4 milliarton

18,8 milyar ton

229,2 jt ton

82

Coal Bed

Methane

453 TSCF

Sumber : Kementrian ESDM


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CADANGAN DAN PRODUKSI ENERGI

NON-FOSIL INDONESIA (2008)

ENERGI NON FOSIL

SUMBER DAYA

KAPASITASTERPASANG

Tenaga Air 75.670 MW 4.200 MW

Panas Bumi 27.510 MW 1.052 MW

Mini/Micro Hydro

500 MW

86,1MW

Biomass 49.810 MW 445 MW

Tenaga Surya 4,80 kWh/m2/hari 12,1 MW

Tenaga Angin 9.290 MW 1,1 MW

Uranium

3.000 MW

30 MW

Sumber : Kementrian ESDM


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NERACA ENERGI NASIONAL

Produksi (348)

Konsumsi (392)

Transport: 214

RT : 62

Industri: 50

Listrik: 68Ekspor Crude (135)

Impor Crude (116) Kilang (312)

Impor BBM (150)

BBM (244)

Non-BBM (89)

MINYAK BUMI (2007) [juta Barel per tahun]

GAS BUMI (2004)

KPS7,62 BCFD

Pertamina0,71 BCFD

Produksi8,33 BCFD

Domestik3560 MCFD

Ekspor4193 MCFD

Industri: 1002,3 MCFD

PGN: 406,3 MCFD

Kilang: 84,6 MCFD

Pembangkit: 547,3 MCFD

BBG: 1,7 MCFD

LPG: 73,7 MCFD

Others: 1444,4 MCFD

BATUBARA (2004) [juta TON per tahun)

Produksi131,72

Domestik (32,91)

Ekspor (92,5)


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0

100200

300

400

500

600

700

800

9001000

1100

1200

1300

1400

1500

1600

17001800

1966

1968

1970

1972

1974

1976

1978

1980

1982

1984

1986

1988

1990

1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

2002

2004

2006

2008

2010

2012

2014

PRODUKSI(RIBU

BAREL/HARI)

Profile tanpa Upaya Operasi OptimalisasiProyek yang sedang berjalan Lapangan MarginalLapangan Tua Pengembangan Lapangan Baru yang Diharapkan

Block Cepu Pengembangan Potensi Baru

PRODUKSI & KONSUMSI BBM DALAM NEGERI

Sumber: ESDM


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PERKEMBANGAN PRODUKSI DAN

KONSUMSI BBM INDONESIA


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POLA KONSUMSI BBM INDONESIA

Penggunaan BBM sektor transportasi > 50% , mengancam ketahananenergi. Energi BBM di Indonesia akan habis 23 tahun lagi


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POLA KONSUMSI BBM ANGKUTAN JALAN


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Target tahun 2025 :

Energy Mix Nasional Tahun 2025(Skenario BaU)

Energy Mix Nasional Tahun 2025(Skenario Perpres 5/2006)

Tenaga Air,1.90%

Mini/mikrohidro, 0.10%

Panas Bumi,1.10%

Minyak Bumi,41.70%

Batu Bara,34.60%

Gas Bumi,20.60%

Minyak Bumi,20%

Batu Bara,

33%

Gas Bumi,30%

Panas Bumi,5%

Batu Bara Cair,2%

Biofuels, 5%

Nuklir, 2%

EBT Lainnya,3%

Other, 17%

Elastisitas energi < 1

1. Energi Primer mix optimal2. Elastisitas Energi < 1

KEBIJAKAN ENERGI NASIONAL(PERPRES NO. 5/2006)


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POTENSI PASAR OTOMOTIF


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PENJUALAN MOBIL DI INDONESIA


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PERTUMBUHAN PASAR KENDARAAN BERMOTOR DI

INDONESIA


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KONTRIBUSI EMISI KENDARAAN KONVENSIONAL

TERHADAP PEMANASAN GLOBAL

Implikasi Lingkungan:Mobil konvensional menyumbang 70% pencemaran udara

Polusi Udara di Indonesia sudah melebihi standar WHO, biaya kesehatan

mencapai US$ 500 juta/tahun (jakarta) dan US$ 100 juta (Surabaya)


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GrissikPalembang

Semarang

Pacific Ocean

AUSTRALIA

Indian Ocean

Bangkok

Phnom Penh

Ban Mabtapud

Ho Chi Minh

City

CAMBODIA

VIETNAM

THAILAND LAOS

Khanon

Songkhla

Erawan

Bangkot

LawitJerneh

WEST

MALAYSIA

Penang

Kerteh

Kuala Lumpur

Manila

Philipines

South

China

Sea

NatunaAlpha

Kota Kinibalu

BRUNEI

Bandara Seri Begawan

Bintulu

EASTMALAYSIA

Kuching

Banda Aceh

Lhokseumawe

Medan

Duri

Padang

Jambi

BintanSINGAPORE

Samarinda

Balikpapan

Bontang

Attaka

Tunu

BekapaiKALIMANTAN

Banjarmasin

Manado

SULAWESI

Ujung Pandang

BURU SERAM

TernateHALMAHERA

Sorong

IRIAN JAYA

Jakarta

J A V ASurabaya

Bangkalan

BALI SUMBAWA

Pagerungan

LOMBOK

FLORES

SUMBA

TIMOR

I N D O N E S I A

Duyong

West

Natuna

Port Dickson

Port Klang

Mogpu

Dumai

Batam

Guntong

MADURA

TOTALCAPACITY24,000 MW

Total Jawa Bali : 18,500 MW

Total Sumatera : 3,200MW

Total Kalimantan : 800 MW

Total Sulawesi : 650MW

ExistingTransmission

PlannedTransmission

Power Plant

Jayapura

Merauke

PEMB NGKIT D N TR NSMISI UT M LISTRIK

Pertumbuhan KapasitasPembangkit


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DESENTRALISASI INFRASTRUKTUR ENERGI

LISTRIK

Sumber daya energi terbarukan melimpah

Sumber daya energi terbarukan tersebar di berbagai

daerahPotensi yang tersebar bisa menciptakan infrastruktur

energi listrik ke daerah-daerah


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KELEBIHAN & KEKURANGAN KENDARAAN LISTRIK

Keunggulan Kelemahan

Energy efficient.Electric vehiclesconvert about 5962% of theelectrical energy from the grid topower at the wheelsconventionalgasoline vehicles only convert about

1721% of the energy stored ingasoline to power at the wheels.*

Driving range. Most EVs can only goabout 100200 miles beforerecharginggasoline vehicles can goover 300 miles before refueling.

Environmentally friendly.EVs emitno tailpipe pollutants, although thepower plant producing the electricitymay emit them. Electricity from

nuclear-, hydro-, solar-, or wind-powered plants causes no airpollutants.

Recharge time.Fully recharging thebattery pack can take 4 to 8 hours.Even a "quick charge" to 80% capacitycan take 30 min.

Performance benefits.Electricmotors provide quiet, smoothoperation and stronger accelerationand require less maintenance thanICEs.

Battery cost:The large battery packsare expensive and may need to bereplaced one or more times.
http://e/WORK/electric%20Car/Electric%20Vehicles%20USDoE.htmhttp://e/WORK/electric%20Car/Electric%20Vehicles%20USDoE.htm


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Perbandingan efisiensi konversi energi darisumur minyak hingga roda untuk kendaraanlistrik dan konvensional.


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HARGA

Mobil listrik pada umumnya lebih mahal daripada mobil bermesin pembakaran dalam.Alasan utamanya adalah mahalnya harga baterai.

Perusahaan mobil listrik Tesla Motorsmenggunakan teknologi baterai komputer laptopsebagai baterai yang mereka gunakan di mobil listrik mereka. Baterai ini 3 sampai 4 kalilebih murah bila dibandingkan dengan baterai mobil listrik biasa yang dipakaiperusahaan mobil lainnya. Baterai konvensional menghabiskan 700-800 dolar AS perkilowatt jam, sedangkan baterai yang menggunakan sel dari komputer laptop hanya 200dolar AS saja. Pada akhirnya, hal ini memungkinkan turunnya harga mobil listrik yang

menggunakan teknologi dari Tesla seperti Toyota RAV4 EV, Smart ED, dan Model X.NewYork Timessendiri mengestimasi harga baterai berkisar antara US$400 sampai US$500per kilowatt-jam.

Saat ini, Nissan LEAFadalah mobil listrik paling murah di Amerika Serikat, dengan hargaawal adalah US$32,780 yang kemudian berkurang menjadi US$25,280 setelah dikurangipajak federalsebesar US$7,500. Harga mobil ini kemudian turun lagi di California

menjadi US$20,280 setelah pemerintah negara bagian itu memberikan pemotonganpajak sebesar US$5,000. Pemotongan pajak serupa juga diberikan di beberapa daerahlainnya.

Sedan listrik Renault Fluence Z.E.5 pintu akan dijual dengan harga awal dibawah 20.000dolar AS. Harga ini belum termasuk pemotongan pajak dari pemerintah AS.Mobil iniakan dijual tanpa baterai, maka harganya jauh lebih murah. Para pembeli mobil ini

nantinya akan mengkontrak baterai mobilnya dari perusahaan Better Place
http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bateraihttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tesla_Motorshttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bateraihttp://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Toyota_RAV4_EV&action=edit&redlink=1http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Smart_ED&action=edit&redlink=1http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tesla_Model_X&action=edit&redlink=1http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Timeshttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Timeshttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nissan_LEAFhttp://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kendaraan_listrik_plug-in&action=edit&redlink=1http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renault_Fluence_Z.E.http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bateraihttp://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Better_Place&action=edit&redlink=1http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Better_Place&action=edit&redlink=1http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Better_Place&action=edit&redlink=1http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bateraihttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renault_Fluence_Z.E.http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kendaraan_listrik_plug-in&action=edit&redlink=1http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nissan_LEAFhttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Timeshttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Timeshttp://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tesla_Model_X&action=edit&redlink=1http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tesla_Model_X&action=edit&redlink=1http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Smart_ED&action=edit&redlink=1http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Toyota_RAV4_EV&action=edit&redlink=1http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bateraihttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bateraihttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tesla_Motorshttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baterai


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BIAYA OPERASIONAL

The cost of charging the battery depends on the price paid per kWh ofelectricity - which varies with location.

The EV1 energy use was about 11 kWh/100 km (0.40 MJ/km; 0.18 kWh/mi).

The 2011/12 Nissan Leafuses 21.25 kWh/100 km (0.765 MJ/km;0.3420 kWh/mi).

These differences reflect the different design and utility targets for thevehicles, and the varying testing standards. The energy use greatly

depends on the driving conditions and driving style.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nissan_Leafhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nissan_Leaf


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PERBANDINGAN SPEC MOBIL LISTRIK

2013 SmartfortwoElectric Drive

Convertible

2013 TeslaModel S

2013 HondaFit EV

Miles perGallon ofGasoline

Equivalent(MPGe)

122 (highway)93 (city)107

(combined)

979495

132105118

kWh/100 mil 28 (highway)36 (city)32 (combined)

353635

263229

Cost to drive25 mil ($)

0,96 1,05 0,87

Jarakpengisianbattery (mil)

68 208 82

Biaya energi /tahun ($)

600 650 500

Motor listrik(kW)

55 kW, DCbrushless

270 kW, ACinduction

92 kW, DCbrushless

Baterai 339 V, Li-ion 60 kWh, 400V, Li-ion 339 V, Li-Ion


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COMPARISON OF FUEL EFFICIENCY AND COSTS FOR ALL THE ELECTRIC CARS FOR THE

U.S. MARKET; APRIL 2013

VehicleModelyear

Combinedfuel economy

Cityfuel economy

Highwayfuel economy

Cost to drive25 miles

Annualfuel cost

Scion iQ EV[72] 2013121 mpg-e(28 kW-hrs/100 mi)

138 mpg-e(24 kW-hrs/100 mi)

105 mpg-e(32 kW-hrs/100 mi) $0.84 $500

Chevrolet SparkEV[73]

2014119 mpg-e(28 kW-hrs/100 mi)

128 mpg-e 109 mpg-e n.a. $500

Honda Fit EV[74] 2013118 mpg-e(29 kW-hrs/100 mi)



$0.87 $500

Fiat 500e[75] 2013116 mpg-e(29 kW-hrs/100 mi)

122 mpg-e 108 mpg-e $0.87 $500

Nissan Leaf[76] 2013115 mpg-e

(29 kW-hrs/100 mi)

129 mpg-e 102 mpg-e $0.87 $500

Mitsubishi i[77] 2012-13112 mpg-e(30 kW-hrs/100 mi)



$0.90 $550

Smart electricdrive[78]

2013107 mpg-e(32 kW-hrs/100 mi)



$0.96 $600

Ford FocusElectric[79]

2012-13105 mpg-e(32 kW-hrs/100 mi)



$0.96 $600

BMW ActiveE[80] 2011102 mpg-e(33 kW-hrs/100 mi)

107 mpg-e 96 mpg-e $0.99 $600

Nissan Leaf[81] 2011-1299 mpg-e(34 kW-hrs/100 mi)


92 mpg-e(37 kW-hrs/100 mi) $1.02 $600

Tesla Model S[82] 201395 mpg-e(35 kW-hrs/100 mi)

94 mpg-e 97 mpg-e $1.05 $650

Tesla Model S[83] 201289 mpg-e(38 kW-hrs/100 mi)



$1.14 $700

Toyota RAV4 EV[84] 201276 mpg-e(44 kW-hrs/100 mi)

78 mpg-e 74 mpg-e $1.32 $850

Notes: All estimated fuel costs based on 15,000 miles annual driving, 45% highway and 55% city.

(1) Values rounded to the nearest $50. Electricity cost of $0.12/kw-hr (as of November 30, 2012). Conversion 1 gallon of gasoline=33.7 kW-hr.(2) Premium gasoline price of US$3.81 per gallon (used by the Volt), and regular gasoline price of US$3.49 per gallon (as of November 30,
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scion_iQ_EVhttp://e/WORK/electric%20Car/Electric%20car%20-%20Wikipedia,%20the%20free%20encyclopedia.htmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chevrolet_Spark_EVhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chevrolet_Spark_EVhttp://e/WORK/electric%20Car/Electric%20car%20-%20Wikipedia,%20the%20free%20encyclopedia.htmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honda_Fit_EVhttp://e/WORK/electric%20Car/Electric%20car%20-%20Wikipedia,%20the%20free%20encyclopedia.htmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiat_500ehttp://e/WORK/electric%20Car/Electric%20car%20-%20Wikipedia,%20the%20free%20encyclopedia.htmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nissan_Leafhttp://e/WORK/electric%20Car/Electric%20car%20-%20Wikipedia,%20the%20free%20encyclopedia.htmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitsubishi_i-MiEVhttp://e/WORK/electric%20Car/Electric%20car%20-%20Wikipedia,%20the%20free%20encyclopedia.htmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart_electric_drivehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart_electric_drivehttp://e/WORK/electric%20Car/Electric%20car%20-%20Wikipedia,%20the%20free%20encyclopedia.htmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Focus_Electrichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Focus_Electrichttp://e/WORK/electric%20Car/Electric%20car%20-%20Wikipedia,%20the%20free%20encyclopedia.htmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_ActiveEhttp://e/WORK/electric%20Car/Electric%20car%20-%20Wikipedia,%20the%20free%20encyclopedia.htmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nissan_Leafhttp://e/WORK/electric%20Car/Electric%20car%20-%20Wikipedia,%20the%20free%20encyclopedia.htmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tesla_Model_Shttp://e/WORK/electric%20Car/Electric%20car%20-%20Wikipedia,%20the%20free%20encyclopedia.htmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tesla_Model_Shttp://e/WORK/electric%20Car/Electric%20car%20-%20Wikipedia,%20the%20free%20encyclopedia.htmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toyota_RAV4_EV_Concepthttp://e/WORK/electric%20Car/Electric%20car%20-%20Wikipedia,%20the%20free%20encyclopedia.htmhttp://e/WORK/electric%20Car/Electric%20car%20-%20Wikipedia,%20the%20free%20encyclopedia.htmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toyota_RAV4_EV_Concepthttp://e/WORK/electric%20Car/Electric%20car%20-%20Wikipedia,%20the%20free%20encyclopedia.htmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tesla_Model_Shttp://e/WORK/electric%20Car/Electric%20car%20-%20Wikipedia,%20the%20free%20encyclopedia.htmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tesla_Model_Shttp://e/WORK/electric%20Car/Electric%20car%20-%20Wikipedia,%20the%20free%20encyclopedia.htmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nissan_Leafhttp://e/WORK/electric%20Car/Electric%20car%20-%20Wikipedia,%20the%20free%20encyclopedia.htmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_ActiveEhttp://e/WORK/electric%20Car/Electric%20car%20-%20Wikipedia,%20the%20free%20encyclopedia.htmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Focus_Electrichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Focus_Electrichttp://e/WORK/electric%20Car/Electric%20car%20-%20Wikipedia,%20the%20free%20encyclopedia.htmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart_electric_drivehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart_electric_drivehttp://e/WORK/electric%20Car/Electric%20car%20-%20Wikipedia,%20the%20free%20encyclopedia.htmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitsubishi_i-MiEVhttp://e/WORK/electric%20Car/Electric%20car%20-%20Wikipedia,%20the%20free%20encyclopedia.htmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nissan_Leafhttp://e/WORK/electric%20Car/Electric%20car%20-%20Wikipedia,%20the%20free%20encyclopedia.htmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiat_500ehttp://e/WORK/electric%20Car/Electric%20car%20-%20Wikipedia,%20the%20free%20encyclopedia.htmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honda_Fit_EVhttp://e/WORK/electric%20Car/Electric%20car%20-%20Wikipedia,%20the%20free%20encyclopedia.htmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chevrolet_Spark_EVhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chevrolet_Spark_EVhttp://e/WORK/electric%20Car/Electric%20car%20-%20Wikipedia,%20the%20free%20encyclopedia.htmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scion_iQ_EV


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CARA PERHITUNGAN EKONOMI

assumption

1gal Gasoline 33,7kWh

annual driving 15000mi 24.140km% highway 0,45% city/ urban 0,55annual highway 6750miannual city 8250mi

electricity cost 0,12$/ kWh 1200Rp/ kWh

Fuel EconomyMpGe highway 122mi 51,87km/lMpGe city 93mi 39,54km/lMpGe combined 107mi 45,49km/l

Vehicle efficiency

kWh/ 100 mi 32kWhenergy/ distance 0,32kWh/mi 0,20kWh/ kmdistance/ energy 3,125mi/ kWh 5,03km/ kWhdistance/ energy 105,3125mi/ gal

Running Cost"Fuel" cost/ mi 0,0384$/ mi 238,61Rp/ kmcost/ 25 mi 0,96$annual fuel cost 600$ 6.000.000Rp/ thn


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BIAYA PENGGUNAAN

Biaya terkait pemakaian hanya berasal dari perawatan

battery pack dan pergantiannya, karena kendaraanlistrik hanya memiliki sedikit komponen berputardibandingkan motor bakar.

The Tesla Roadster's very large battery pack is expected to last seven years withtypical driving and costs US$ 12,000 when pre-purchased today. Driving 40 miles

(64 km) per day for seven years or 102,200 miles (164,500 km) leads to a batteryconsumption cost of US$ 0.1174 per 1 mile (1.6 km) or US$ 4.70 per 40 miles(64 km).

The company Better Placeprovided another cost comparison as they anticipatemeeting contractual obligations to deliver batteries as well as clean electricity torecharge the batteries at a total cost of US$ 0.08 per 1 mile (1.6 km) in 2010,US$ 0.04 per mile by 2015 and US$ 0.02 per mile by 2020. 40 miles (64 km) ofdriving would initially cost US$ 3.20 and fall over time to US $0.80.

In 2010 the U.S. government estimated that a battery with a 100 miles (160 km)range would cost about US$ 33,000. Concerns remain about durability andlongevity of the battery.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Better_Placehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Better_Place


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URGENSI RISET MOBIL LISTRIK

Ketahanan Energi

Efisiensi konversi yg lebih tinggi

Kemandirian Teknologi

=> peluang: Teknologi Baterai

Penurunan Emisi


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TEKNOLOGI KUNCI MOBIL LISTRIK

Batere

Motor

Platform

Sistim KendaliElektronik

ChargingSystem

DriveHandling

200Wh/kg

400Wh/kg

Level 1 1,9 kWLevel 2 19,2 kW

Level 3 240 kW

Multi MotorSingle Speed

Single MotorSingle Speed

Multi MotorMulti Speed

Level 1

Level 2

Level PLC 500Wh/kg

(sumber : Mario Rivaldi Masyarakat Transportasi Teknologi Listrik 2012)


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MOBIL LISTRIK DI UNIVERSIT S


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MOBIL LISTRIK DI LEMB G LITB NG

LIPI, BPPT


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Sedan HevinaSpesifikasi dan Kelayakan Ekonomis


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Bus HevinaSpesifikasi dan Kelayakan Ekonomis

paket a modul 1 mobil listrik

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