Perancangan Rangka Chasis Mobil Listrik Dengan Metode Simulasi Model

SKRIPSI

Oleh :

IMAM ELIA NANDA PUTRA

121 0311 020

FAKULTAS TEKNIK

PROGRAM STUDI S-1 TEKNIK MESIN

2017

UNIVERSITAS PEMBANGUNAN NASIONAL”VETERAN” JAKARTA

Perancangan Rangka Chasis Mobil Listrik Dengan Metode Simulasi Model

SKRIPSI

Diajukan sebagai Salah satu Syarat Untuk Memperoleh Gelar Sarjana

Teknik

Oleh :

IMAM ELIA NANDA PUTRA

121 0311 020

FAKULTAS TEKNIK

PROGRAM STUDI S-1 TEKNIK MESIN

2017

UNIVERSITAS PEMBANGUNAN NASIONAL”VETERAN” JAKARTA

PERANCANGAN RANGKA CHASSIS MOBIL LISTRIK DENGAN METODE SIMULASI MODEL

Imam Elia Nanda Putra

ABSTRAK

Rangka chasis merupakan salah satu bagian penting pada mobil yang harus mempunyai konstruksi kuat untuk menahan atau memikul beban kendaran seperti mesin, kopling, transmisi, sistem suspensi, sistem rem, bodi mobil, diferensial, dan komponen lainnya. Dengan merancang chassis perlu dilakukan analisis simulasi elemen hingga untuk mengetahui kekuatan chassis pada perancangan rangka chassis mobil listrik. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendapatkan hasil simulasi chassis apabila mengalami pembebanan dengan menggunakan perangkat lunak Finite Element Analysis (FEA) .

Penelitian dilakukan dalam beberapa tahap pengerjaan yaitu: pemodelan chassis dan simulasi FEA menggunakan perangkat lunak Autodesk Inventor profesional 2015 force load pada pembebanan 3119N terpusat pada controller, driver dan engine stand dengan jenis material yakni ANSI (American National Standards Institute) Steel, Carbon.

Setelah merancang chassis prototipe dengan panjang 3560mm dan berat 794 kg, kemudian chassis dianalisa dengan metode FEA dengan elemen solid tetraherda (isoparametrik), total nodes = 351914, element = 179014. Kemudian hasil analisis menampilkan Von Mises Stres maksimum 0,23 N/mm2 MPA, defleksi maksimum 0,74 mm pada material ANSI Steel Carbon.

Kata Kunci : Design Chassis, Tubular space frame, Analisis FEA, Static Load, Von Mises Stress Maksimum, Defleksi Maksimum . Autodesk Inventor 2015

DESIGN OF ELECTRIC CAR CHASSIS FRAME WITH SIMULATION MODEL

Imam Elia Nanda Putra

ABSTRACT

Order the chassis is one important part of the car must have a robust construction to hold or carry the burden of vehicles such as engine, clutch, transmission, suspension system, brake system, the car body, differential and other components. By designing the chassis needs to be performed finite element simulation analysis to determine the strength of the chassis on the car type called Stright Chassis Kart. The purpose of this study is to get the chassis when experiencing loading simulation using Finite Element Analysis (FEA) software. The research was conducted in several stages of working: chassis modeling and simulation using FEA software Premium Autodesk Inventor 2015 static load case on centralized 3119N load on the controller, driver and engine stand with types of materials namely ANSI Steel Carbon. After designing a chassis prototype with 3560mm length and weight of 794 kg, then the chassis was analyzed with the FEA method with solid element tetrahedron (isoparametric), total nodes = 351914, elements = 179014. Later reports show the Von Mises Stress analysis maximum 33,5 ksi, the maximum deflection 0,02904in in materials ANSI Steel Carbon.

Keywords: Design Chassis, Tubular space frame, FEA Analysis, Static Load, Maximum Von Mises Stress, Maximum Deflection. Autodesk Inventor 2015. .

DAFTAR ISI

HALAMAN JUDUL ..............................................................................................i

PERNYATAAN ORISINALITAS ......................................................................ii

PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI SKRIPSI .............................iii

PENGESAHAN ....................................................................................................iv

ABSTRAK .............................................................................................................v

ABSTRACT ..........................................................................................................vi

KATA PENGANTAR..........................................................................................vii

DAFTAR ISI ......................................................................................................viii

DAFTAR TABEL ................................................................................................xi

DAFTAR GAMBAR ...........................................................................................xii

DAFTAR NOTASI ............................................................................................xiii

BAB I PENDAHULUAN

I.1 Latar Belakang ...................................................................................................1

I.2 Rumusan Masalah ..............................................................................................2

I.3 Tujuan ................................................................................................................2

I.4 Manfaat Penelitian .............................................................................................2

I.5 Batasan Masalah ................................................................................................2

I.6 Sistematika Penulisan ........................................................................................3

BAB II Landasan Teori ...........................................................................................5

II.1 Pengertian Perancangan ....................................................................................5

II.2 Standar Nilai Keamanan Industri Pada Perancangan .......................................6

II.3 Metode Finite Element Analysis ......................................................................7

II.4 Rangka Chassis Kendaraan ..............................................................................9

II.4.1 Jenis-Jenis Rangka Chassis Mobil ...............................................................10

II.4.2 Chassis Monocoque .....................................................................................11

II.5 Pembebanan Pada Rangka Chassis ................................................................15

II.6 Konsep Tegangan Statis .................................................................................16

II.7 Teori-Teori Kegagalan Dalam Perancangan ..................................................17

II.7.1 Tegangan Prinsipal ......................................................................................17

II.7.2 Maksimum Shear Stress Theory (MSST) ....................................................19

II.7.3 Maksimum Normal Stress Theory (MSST).................................................20

II.7.4 Maksimum Von Mises Stress Kriteria ........................................................20

II.8 Hukum Hooke ................................................................................................21

II.9 Momen Inersia ................................................................................................22

II.9.1 Momen Inersia Penampang Hollow Segiempat ..........................................22

II.10 Defleksi .........................................................................................................23

II.11 Perangkat Lunak Analisi Elemen Hingga ....................................................24

II.11.1 Element Solid Tetrahera (Isoparametrik) ..................................................25

II.11.2 Software Analisa FEA ...............................................................................25

II.11.3 Cara Kerja Autodesk Inventor ...................................................................26

BAB III METODE PERANCANGAN

III.1 Diagram Alir .................................................................................................28

III.2 Pengumpulan Data ........................................................................................29

III.2.1 Objek Penelitian ........................................................................................29

III.3 Teknik Analisis Data .....................................................................................29

III.4 Jenis Material ................................................................................................29

III.5 Proses Perancangan Rangka Chassis Mobil Listrik ......................................30

III.5.1 Pemodelan ..................................................................................................31

BAB IV PEMBAHASAN

IV.1 Analisa Statis Pada Rangka Chassis .............................................................37

IV.1.1 Overview Dimensi Rangka Chassis mobil listrik .....................................37

IV.1.2 Stationary Load Case .................................................................................38

IV.2 Hasil Uji Kekakuan Chassis Menggunakan Finite Element Analysis ..........38

IV.2.1 ANSI Steel, Carbon ...................................................................................39

IV.3 Analisa Statis Pada Rangka Chassis .............................................................44

BAB V SIMPULAN DAN SARAN

V.1 Kesimpulan .....................................................................................................45

V.2 Saran ...............................................................................................................46

DAFTAR PUSTAKA

DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 4.1 Assumsion Of Analysis Report 1 ..........................................................38

Tabel 4.2 Material Properties ................................................................................38

Tabel 4.3 Load and Fixtures 1 ...............................................................................39

Tabel 4.4 Mesh Information 1 ...............................................................................39

Tabel 4.5 Mesh Information Details 1 ..................................................................39

Tabel 4.6 Resultan Force .......................................................................................40

Tabel 4.7 Von Mises Stress ANSI Steel Carbon ...................................................41

Tabel 4.8 fleksi Maksimum ANSI Steel Carbon ..................................................42

DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 2.1. Pemodelan FEA pada Chassis Ladder Toyota Kijang ......................7

Gambar 2.2 Grafik Tegangan Beban Statis Pada (a) Tumpuan Roll

(b) Tumpuan elastis ...............................................................................8

Gambar 2.3 Bodi Semut Abang (a) Bodi Semut Abang (b) ...................................9

Gambar 2.4 Analisa Simulasi Dengan Pembebanan ...............................................9

Gambar 2.5 Chassis Monocoque ...........................................................................11

Gambar 2.6 Gaya-Gaya Internal Grillage Frame ..................................................12

Gambar 2.7 Sumbu Kendaraan Menurut Standar SAE .........................................12

Gambar 2.8 Center of Gravitasy Kendaraan .........................................................13

Gambar 2.9 Diagram Analisa Struktur Chassis ....................................................15

Gambar 2.10 Rangka Chassis ...............................................................................16

Gambar 2.11 Tegangan Prinsipal pada (a) bidang datar (b) diputar sebesar

p .....................................................................................................17

Gambar 2.12 Komponen-Komponen Gaya ...........................................................18

Gambar 2.13 Segitiga Bayangan ...........................................................................19

Gambar 2.14 Penampang Rangka Utama dan Rollbarnya ....................................22

Gambar 2.15 Diagram Momen Defleksi Pada Bidang 3 Dimensi ........................23

Gambar 2.16 Koordinat Elemen Segitiga 4 Node .................................................25

Gambar 2.17 Material yang Disususn Dengan Node ............................................26

Gambar 3.1 Bahan Material ANSI (American National Standards Institute)........30

Gambar 3.2 Gambar 3D Objek Fokus Center Line ...............................................32

Gambar 3.3 Desain Rangka Chassis Mobil ...........................................................32

Gambar 3.4 Apply Material ..................................................................................33

Gambar 3.5 Menentukan Pinned Constraint dan Load Force ...............................33

Gambar 3.6 Pemodelan FEA Mesh Tetrahedron 4 Node .....................................34

Gambar 3.7 (a) ......................................................................................................34

Gambar 3.8 (b) ......................................................................................................35

DAFTAR NOTASI

𝐹𝑋 = Gaya yang bekerja pada arah sumbu x (N)

𝐹𝑌 = Gaya yang bekerja pada arah sumbu y (N)

𝑉𝑋 = Gaya Geser sepanjang x (N)

𝑀𝑋 = Momen sepanjang x (N/m)

= Tegangan (N/𝑚2)

= Regangan (m/m)

E = Modulus elastisitas (N/𝑚2)

𝑋 = Tegangan normal pada arah sumbu x (N)

𝑌 = Tegangan normal pada arah sumbu x (N)

𝑋𝐼 = Tegangan normal pada arah sumbu 𝑥𝐼 (N/𝑚2)

A = Luas bidang (𝑚2)

𝑋𝑌 = Tegangan geser pada bidang x-y (N/𝑚2)

𝑋𝐼𝑌𝐼 = Tegangan geser pada bidang 𝑥𝐼 - 𝑦𝐼 (N/𝑚2)

𝑋 = Regangan normal pada arah sumbu x

𝑌 = Regangan normal pada arah sumbu y

𝑌𝑋𝑦 = Regangan geser pada bidang x-y

𝑌𝑋𝑖𝑦𝑖 = Regangan geser pada bidang 𝑥𝐼 - 𝑦𝐼

I = Momen inersia luas (𝑚4)

𝐼𝑥𝐼 = Momen inersia luas pada arah sumbu 𝑥𝐼 (𝑚4)

v = Besar lendutan (m)