p-2 -industri garam & berbagai senyawa natrium.pptx

8/11/2019 P-2 -Industri Garam & Berbagai Senyawa Natrium.pptx

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Pertemuan ke 2


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About Salt :as old as humankind

employed as a political weapon & subject to be taxeda vital basic commodity for life

basic raw material many chemical compounds


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The chemical properties of salt help us understandits beneficial uses. The chemical formula of salt,sodium chloride, is 39.337% sodium (Na), and60.663% elemental chlorine (Cl) .

Physical properties

The physical properties of sodium chloride (e.g.

structure, density) determine how it is produced

and used. Cubic sodium chloride crystals

are formed as seawater or saline lake water

evaporates or in underground salt formations


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There is enough salt in the oceans of the world thatwe could use salt to sculpt a full-scale topographic

map of Europe five times over.

Oceans contain an average of 2.7% salt, by weight

(total solids in seawater average 3.5% and 77% of

that is salt).

In addition, evaporation of ancient oceans has left vast

deposits of solid (rock) salt over huge areas of the

world. These deposits can be in the form of bedded


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Never. . . . .

Salt is the most common and readily available

nonmetallic mineral in the world; it is so abundant,accurate estimates of salt reserves are unavailable.

The enormity of the Earths underground saltdeposits, combined with the saline vastness of

the Earths oceans makes the supply of salt

inexhaustible.


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Major themes about the use of salt include the

following:

Basic material of chemical compounds : NaOH,

Na2SO4, HCL etc

Preservative : food

Industrial uses of Salt

Farmacies and Cosmetics

Deicing salt for safe roads

Feeding animals and plants

Daily needs : spice


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Textile and dyeing. Salt is used to fix dyes and to standardize

dye batches

Metal processing, such as aluminum refining. Salt is used to

remove impurities

Rubber manufacturing. Salt separates the rubber from latex

Oil and gas drilling. Salt is used to produce a drilling mud that

prevents widening of bore holes in rock salt strata, inhibits

fermentation, and increases mud density

Pharmaceuticals. Salt is used for tablet and caplet polishing,

the production of intravenous saline solutions and for

manufacturing hemodialysis solutions used for kidney


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Animal hide processing and leather tanning. Salt

is used to cure, preserve, and tan hides

Pigment manufacture. Salt is a grinding agent

Ceramics manufacture. Salt acts to vitrify heated

clays

Soap making. Salt separates glycerol from water

Detergent production. Salt is used as a filler.

Softening hard Water


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melenturkan otot yang tegang,

mengurangi rasa nyeri pada otot yang

sakit,

menurunkan gejala inflamasi

(peradangan),serta menyembuhkan infeksi.

membantu menghaluskan kulit (cleansing),

memacu ertumbuhan sel kulit sekali us


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:

1. From the oceans and saline lakes solar salt, often called sea

salt.

2. From underground deposits of ancient ocean beds now covered

by varying depths of soil (and water many large salt deposits

lie beneath the ocean floor), we obtain salt in two ways: Rock salt

(geologically, halite) is produced by excavating a shaft allowing

miners to access the salt deposit to chip or blast it into piecessmall enough to haul to the surface

3. Evaporated salt (sometimes called refined salt) is produced by

solution mining the underground deposit and removing the waterfrom the saline brine pumped to the surface.


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KADAR YOD 30-80 ppm

Konsumsi garam yodium rata-rata per orang per

hari 10 gr dan kebutuhan ion yodium sebesar

150-200 mikrogram per orang per hari

Yodium penting untuk membantuperkembangan kecerdasan atau

kepandaian pada anak.

Yodium juga dapat membatu

mencegah penyakit gondok, gondongatau gondongan.

Yodium berfungsi untuk

membentuk zat tirosin yang terbentuk

pada kelenjar tiroid.


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Natrium sulfatUntuk pembuatan pulp & paper (50%)

Deterjen (38%)

Gelas, dyes,textiles, medicine


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Garam berukuran 100mesh, dilarutkan dengan air dalamreaktor.

Dalam reaktor campuran garam-air dipanaskan hingga 85C, kemudian ditambahkan gas SO2 ke dalam reaktormelalui sparger sampai tekanan operasi mencapai 100 psi

dan ditambahkan O2 sampai tekanan 350 psi Pada suhu kurang dari 70C, hasil reaksi dimatangkan

dalam tangki berpengaduk, kemudian dipisahkan melaluifiltrasi.

Residu berisiKalsium Sulfat , filtrat yang diperolehberisi Sodium Sulfat kemudian dicuci dengan air untukmenghilangkan pengotor yang terikut dan air pencucinyadigunakan lagi untuk membuat slurry garam. Residukemudian dikeringkan dalam dryer untuk mendapatkan

gypsum. Untuk mengurangi beban dryer, filtratnyadievaporasi untuk membuat larutan lebih pekat,


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Sodium Klorida(NaCl) direaksikan dengan larutan H2SO4 98% di

furnace pada temperatur sedikit di bawah suhu peleburannya (800

oC). AsamKlorida yang dihasilkan dari reaksi didalam furnace

didinginkan dan dikondensasikan, kemudian masuk ke dalam

kolom absorber. Saltcake (crude Sodium Sulfat) dikeluarkan secara

kontinyu dari furnace dengan terlebih dahulu didinginkan sebelumdimasukkan kedalam tangki pencampur. Apabila diinginkan garam

Glauber(Na2SO4.10H2O), maka salt cake dilarutkan dalam air

untuk menghasilkan larutan dengan spesific grafity 1,29. Soda abu

atau kapur ditambahkan untuk pengendapan besi dan alumina yang

merupakan impuritis.

Endapan dibiarkan mengendap dan supernatant liquor (larutan yang

bersih diatas endapan) dipompakan ke dalam crystallizer untuk

membentuk garam Glauber (Na2SO4.10H2O). Cake yang tersaring

dibuang. Setelah kristalisasi, garam Glauber (Na2SO4.10H2O)disimpan dalam tangki tertutup untuk mencegah penyerapan air dari


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p-2 -industri garam & berbagai senyawa natrium.pptx

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