Network Fundamentals – Chapter 9

Meng-identify dasar karakteristik media jaringan yang digunakan di Ethernet.

Menjabarkan fitur physical and data link pada Ethernet.

Menjabarkan fungsi dan karakteristik dari metode media access control yang digunakan oleh protokol Ethernet

Menjelaskan pentingnya penggunaan pengalamatan layer 2 untuk transmisi data dan mencari bagaimana perbedaan tipe dari pengalamatan memberikan impacts pada operasi jaringan dan performansinya.

Membandingkan dan menunjukkan aplikasi serta keuntungan penggunaan Switch Ethernet di LAN sebagai pengganti penggunaan hubs.

Menjelaskan proses ARP.

Meng-identify beberapa karakteristik Ethernet dari awal Ethernet ada.

Menjabarkan kepentingan Switch LAN sebagai kunci inovasi me-manage ‘tabrakan’ pada jaringan berbasis Ethernet.

Meng-identify karakteristik State of the Art Ethernet dan juga utilisasi kabel dan point-to point topography

Standards dan Implementation

Ethernet operates in the lower two layers of the OSI model: the of the Data Link layer and the Physical layer.

The original Ethernet standard were made in 802.3.

Menjabarkan bagaimana operasi Ethernet pada 2 layer model OSI

Logic Link Control – Penghubung dengan Layer diatas-nya

Media Access Control (MAC)

Physical Implementasi dari Ethernet

MAC pada Ethernet

Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection

Ethernet Timing

The Frame – Enkapsulasi Paket

The Ethernet MAC Address

IEEE requires a vendor to follow two simple rules:

All MAC addresses assigned to a NIC or other Ethernet device must use that vendor's assigned OUI (Organizationally Unique Identifier ) as the first 3 bytes.

All MAC addresses with the same OUI must be assigned a unique value (vendor code or serial number) in the last 3 bytes.

The MAC address burned-in address (BIA), burned into ROM on the NIC. the address is encoded into the ROM chip permanently - it cannot be changed by software.

All devices connected to an Ethernet LAN have MAC-addressed interfaces.

The address formats might be similar to 00-05-9A-3C-78-00, 00:05:9A:3C:78:00, or 0005.9A3C.7800.

Untuk keperluan addressing harus dipahami bilangan2 hexadesimal atau binary untuk addressing

A tool to examine the MAC address is the ipconfig /all or ifconfig. In the graphic, notice the MAC address of this computer.

Hexadecimal Numbering and Addressing

The Network layer address (IP address) enables the packet to be forwarded toward its) destination.

The Data Link layer address (MAC address) enables the packet to be carried by the local media across each segment.

In Ethernet, different MAC addresses are used for Layer 2 unicast, multicast, and broadcast communications.

Another Layer of Addressing

Ethernet Unicast, Multicast and Broadcast

Legacy Ethernet – Using Hubs

Hubs is intermediary network devices that enable more nodes to connect to the shared media.

Also known as multi-port repeaters, hubs retransmit received data signals to all connected devices.

Hubs and repeaters are intermediary devices that extend the distance that Ethernet cables can reach.

Connected devices via a hub or series of directly connected hubs make up a collision domain.

Hubs and repeaters have the effect of increasing the size of the collision domain.

Ethernet – Using Switches

Switches allow the segmentation of the LAN separate collision domains. Each port represents a separate collision

domain and provides the full media bandwidth the nodes connected on that port. Nodes < each collision domain, the average bandwidth increase, and collisions are reduced.

In a LAN where a hub is connected to a switch port, shared bandwidth, collisions within the shared environment of the hub.

However, the switch will isolate the segment and limit collisions to traffic between the hub's ports.

Menjabarkan bagaimana switch dapat mengeliminasi tabrakan, backoffs dan transmisi ulang, faktor terpenting mengurangi throughput pada jaringan hub-based Ethernet

In a LAN where all nodes are connected directly to the switch, the throughput dramatically. The reasons are:

Dedicated bandwidth to each port Collision-free environment Full-duplex operation

Mapping IP to MAC Addresses

ARP – Destinations Outside the Local Network

ARP – Removing Address Mappings

ARP Broadcasts - Issues