MOTIF JEPANG MEMBERIKAN BANTUAN LUAR NEGERI

KEPADA GHANA MELALUI JICA

(JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY)

Tahun 2011-2015

Disusun dan diajukan untuk memenuhi salah satu syarat memperoleh gelar

Sarjana Ilmu Politik (S.IP) Strata-1

SYAHID PRABOWO

201410360311037

PROGRAM STUDI ILMU HUBUNGAN INTERNASIONAL

FAKULTAS ILMU SOSIAL DAN ILMU POLITIK

UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG

2018

MOTIF JEPANG MEMBERIKAN BANTUAN LUAR NEGERI

KEPADA GHANA MELALUI JICA

(JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY)

TAHUN 2011-2015

Diajukan Oleh :

SYAHID PRABOWO

201410360311037

Telah disetujui

Pada hari / tanggal, Senin / 03 September 2018

Pembimbing I Pembimbing II

Dedik Fitrah Suhermanto, M.Hub.Int. Tonny Dian Effendi, M.Si.

Dekan Ketua Program Studi

Ilmu Kesejahteraan Sosial

Dr. Rinikso Kartono, M.Si. M. Syaprin Zahidi, MA.

S K R I P S I

Dipersiapkan dan disusun oleh :

Syahid Prabowo

201410360311037

Telah dipertahankan di depan Dewan Penguji Skripsi

dan dinyatakan

L U L U S

Sebagai salah satu persyaratan untuk memperoleh gelar

Sarjana ( SI ) Ilmu Hubungan Internasional

Pada hari Jum’at, 27 Juli 2018

Dihadapan Dewan Penguji

Dewan Penguji :

1. Shannaz Mutiara Deniar, MA. ( )

2. Devita Prinanda, M.Hub.Int. ( )

3. Dedik Fitrah Suhermanto, M.Hub.Int. ( )

4. Tonny Dian Effendi, M.Si. ( )

Mengetahui

Dekan Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik

Dr. Rinikso Kartono, M.Si.

4

KATA PENGANTAR

Assalamualaikum Warahmatuallhi Wabarakaatuh

Puja dan puji syukur penulis panjatkan kepada Allah Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala,

karena berkat Ramhat dan Karunianya, penulis mampu menyelesaikan skripsi ini

dengan harapan Skripsi ini menjadi salah satu bentuk dedikasi penulis dalam

keilmuan Hubungan Internasional. Tidak lupa Sholawat serta Salam selalu

senantiasa tercurahkan kepada junjungan besar kita baginda Nabi Muhammad

Shallallahu Alaihi Wasallam.

Penulisan skripsi ini merupakan salah satu persyaratan untuk memenuhi tugas

akhir kuliah guna mendapatkan gelar sarjana dalam program studi ilmu Hubungan

Internasional Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Muhammadiyah

Malang, dengan judul skripsi yaitu “Motif Bantuan Luar Negeri Jepang Kepada

Ghana Melalui JICA Tahun 2011-2015”. Disamping itu penulis juga tidak lupa

mengucapkan terimakasih kepada dosen pembimbing yang senantiasa memberikan

arahan yang positif guna membantu penulis untuk menyelesaikan penulisan tugas

akhir ini.

Pada proses penulisan skripsi ini, penulis melihat bahwa masih terdapat

banyak kekurangan dan keterbatasan yang dimiliki oleh penulis baik dalam segi

keilmuan ataupun dalam segi pengolahan data. Oleh karena itu, penulis

membutuhkan kritik serta saran yang dapat membangun penyempurnaan skripsi ini.

Penulis juga berharap bahwa skripsi ini bisa menjadi bahan bacaan yang informatif

dan juga menjadi bahan pembalajaraan yang tidak hanya bermanfaat bagi penulis

sendiri, tetapi juga bermanfaat pada pembaca, serta peneliti lain.

Malang, 03 Juli 2018

Syahid Prabowo

5

DAFTAR ISI

Lembar Pengesahaan Skripsi……………………………………………………i

Lembar Pengesahan……………………………………………………………...ii

BERITA ACARA BIMBINGAN SKRIPSI……………………………………iii

PERNYATAAN ORISINALITAS………………...……………………………iv

ABSTRAKSI…………………………………………………………………...…v

ABSTRACT…………………..…………………………………………………..iv

KATA PENGANTAR………………...………………………………………...vii

LEMBAR PERSEMBAHAN………………………………………………….viii

DAFTAR ISI……………………………………………………………………..ix

DAFTAR GAMBAR dan TABEL……………………………………………...xi

BAB I Pendahuluan……………………………………………………………...1

1.1 Latar Belakang…………………………………………………………….1

1.2 Rumusan Masalah………………………………………………………....8

1.3 Tujuan dan Manfaat Penelitian……………………………………………9

1.4 Manfaat Penelitian………………………………………………………...9

1.4.1 Manfaat Akademis……………………………………………………..9

1.4.2 Manfaat Praktis………………………………………………………...9

1.5 Penelitian Terdahulu……………………………………………………....9

1.6 Kerangka Konseptual…………………………………………………….22

1.6.1 Konsep Bantuan Luar negeri………………………………………….22

1.7 Metode Penelitian………………………………………………………...27

1.7.1 Tipe Penelitian………………………………………………………...27

1.7.2 Teknik Analisa Data…………………………………………………..27

1.7.3 Teknik Pengumpulan data…………………………………………….27

1.7.4 Ruang Lingkup Penelitian…………………………………………….28

1.8 Argumen Dasar………………………………………….…...…………..29

1.9 Sistematika Penulisan………………………………………...………….30

BAB II Hubungan Bilateral antara Jepang-Ghana serta Pola Kerja dari ODA

(Official Development Assistance), TICAD (Tokyo International Cooperation on

Africa Development) dan YAP (Yokohama Action Plan) Jepang di

Ghana……………..…………………………......................................................32

2.1 Hubungan Bilateral antara Jepang dan Ghana…………………………....32

2.2 ODA (Official Development Assitance) Jepang…………………………..35

2.2.1 Tahapan Bantuan ODA Jepang di Ghana……………………………..36

2.2.2 Sistem Bantuan ODA Jepang di Ghana……………………………….39

2.2.3 ODA Charter dan Arah Baru dari Bantuan ODA Jepang…………….42

2.2.4 Sektor Prioritas dan Kebijakan Dasar ODA Jepang di Ghana………..45

2.3 Terbentuknya TICAD (Tokyo International Conference on African

Development) sebagai Wujud bantuan dari Jepang di Ghana………………49

2.4 Program kerja dari YAP (Yokohama Action Plan)…………………...….52

2.5 Implementasi Program YAP (Yokohama Action Plan) di Ghana…..……59

6

2.6 Perbedaan antara ODA (Official Development Assistance), TICAD (Tokyo

International Cooperation on African Development) dan YAP (Yokohama

Action Plan). ………………………………………………………………….61

BAB III Upaya Jepang Melalui JICA (Japan International Cooperation

Agency) dalam Membantu Pembangunan di Ghana dari tahun 2011-2015...63

3.1 Peran dari JICA (Japan International Cooperation Agency)……………..63

3.2 Program JICA Pada Sektor Pendidikan di Ghana………………………...64

3.3 Program Bantuan JICA Pada Sektor Kesehatan di Ghana………………..76

3.4 Program JICA untuk Mengatasi Masalah Urbanisasi di Ghana…………..82

Bab IV Motif Jepang Melalui JICA dalam Memberikan Bantuan Luar

Negerinya di Ghana..............................................................................................91

4.1 Motif Kemanusiaan………………………………………………………91

4.2 Motif Politik……………………………………………………………...96

4.3 Motif Keamanan Nasional……………………………………………...102

4.4 Motif Kepentingan Nasional…………………………………………….109

Bab V Penutup…………………………………………………………………116

5.1 Kesimpulan……………………………………………………………...116

5.2 Saran…………………………………………………………………….118

DAFTAR PUSTAKA..………..……………………………………………….120

7

DAFTAR GAMBAR dan TABEL

Gambar:

Gambar 1.1: Peta Negara Ghana ……………………………………………….....1

Gambar 3.1: Metode Solarisasi ………………………………………………….85

Tabel:

Tabel 1.1: Posisi Penelitian …………………………………………………...….19

Tabel 2.1: Persentasi Kemiskinan yang terjadi di Ghana Tahun 1991/92 dan

1998/99…………………………………………………………………………...34

Tabel 3.1: Program Bantuan JICA di Sektor Pendidikan ………………………74

Tabel 3.2: Program Bantuan JICA di Sektor Kesehatan…………………………..81

Tabel 3.3: Program Bantuan JICA di Sektor Urbanisasi…………………………89

Tabel 4. 1: Hasil dari bantuan JICA pada sektor pendidikan (Tahunan %)...........95

Tabel 4. 2: Hasil dari bantuan JICA untuk sektor kesehatan.................................96

Tabel 4. 3: Data Hasil Produksi Pertanian Beras di Ghana dari Tahun 2011-2015

(000 Ton)..............................................................................................................106

Tabel 4. 4: Hasil dari bantuan JICA untuk mengurangi masalah urbanisasi di

Ghana tahun 2011-2015 (%)................................................................................107

Tabel 4. 5: Hasil Ekspor Industri Jepang Untuk Ghana (Dalam US$)................108

Tabel 4.6: Total Konsumsi Energi Jepang 2015..................................................111

Tabel 4.7: Bantuan yang diberikan JICA kepada Afrika dari tahun 2010-2014..113

Tabel 4.8: Jumlah Dana Bantuan Luar Negeri JICA di Ghana Tahun 2011-2015.

(Pengeluaran dalam bentuk 100 juta yen)............................................................114

8

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