modul pelatihan wrf 2011

8/16/2019 Modul Pelatihan WRF 2011

1/105


2/105


3/105

2011

KATA PENGANTAR

Da Paa M WRF ( F) aa

aa aaaa Paa M WRF. Paa a a aaa

Pa S Saaa M a Ma Sa Ka ITB, aa a a

a/aaa a a aa aaaa a M a

aa WRF.

Da Paa M WRF a a aa ,

a aa a aa a aaa Pa S M ITB. Da

aa a a a, aa a aaa a a Pa

M II a aaa a aaa a III P M. Ka

a a aa aa a a a aa a Pa

Paa M WRF 2011. Sa, aa a aa a a

aaa a a.

Da a 2 aa a. Baa aa a aa

a a . Paa aa a aaa aa aa

aa aa aa a aaa WRF. Baa

a a aa a aa aaa WRF,

a a a aa a.

Da aaa aa a a aa aa a

a aa a a aa a aa

a a aa aa a aa.

M a aa aa aa, a a a a a

aa. Da a aa a a aa aa aa

a a Paa M WRF a a.

Ba, 8 N 2011

T P


4/105

2011

Daftar Isi

1.1 2

1.2 A 7

1.3 11

1.4 , A, 13

1.5 A 15

2.1 19

2.2 A 21

2.3 23

2.4 24

2.5 26 2.5.1 Paaa M () ________________________________________ 26 2.5.2 C Paaa () _____________________________________________ 30 2.5.3 Ta Raa _____________________________________________________________ 31 2.5.4 Paa Ba La ______________________________________________________ 35 2.5.5 VALIDASI DATA MODEL ________________________________________________________ 39 2.5.6 PENGOLAHAN DATA HUJAN ____________________________________________________ 42

3.1 45

3.2 47

3.3. 50 3.3.1 Iaa L __________________________________________________________________ 51 3.3.2 Paa Daa Daa L _____________________________________________ 61

3.5 63 3.5.1 Ia a a YaST RPM ________________________________________________ 63 3.5.2 Ia PGI _____________________________________________________________________ 65 3.5.3 Ia SZIP ____________________________________________________________________ 66 3.5.4 Ia U1 ________________________________________________________________ 67 3.5.5 Ia U2 ________________________________________________________________ 67 3.5.6 HDF4 _________________________________________________________________________ 68 3.5.7 HDF5 _________________________________________________________________________ 68 3.5.8 GRIB _________________________________________________________________________ 69 3.5.9 NCDF _______________________________________________________________________ 71 3.5.10 GADS _______________________________________________________________________ 72 3.5.11 NCL_NCARG __________________________________________________________________ 72

3.5.12 MPICH2 ______________________________________________________________________ 74


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2011

3.6 74 3.6.1 S C _________________________________________________________________ 74 3.6.2 Laaaa C M WRF ____________________________________________ 75

4.1 77 4.2 88

4.3 90


6/105

BAGIAN I


7/105

1

2011

C

BAB 1 PREDIKSI CUACA NUMERIK

D aaa aaaa, M aa aaa a a aaa aa

aa a a M aa a

aaa aa a aaa aa a a a aa a aa aaa. Ca aa, aa a a a a

a, aa aa a a aa a aa a a a, aa

aa a aa aa a , a aaa. Daa a

, a () a aa , a aa, a P,

a Ba, aa aa aa aa a aa

a aaa aa a. Ba a , a

(PCN) aa (NWP) a aaa aaaa a

a a a a aa a a aaa. Kaaaa

a aa a aaa aa a aa aa aa

(a aa ). Saa a a aa, PCN a a .

Daa , aa aa a a aa

aa a. I aa a aa aaa aa

V B, a aa aa Na, a aa a

I L F Ra a a 1920a, aa . E PCN

aa aa J Na aa a a aa a

ENIAC a a 1950a (N, 1995). Ka Na

a aa a a a J Ca a Ca Ga R

aa a aa a a aa M .

Ta a aa a a aa a PCN, aa a

aa a aaaa a aa aaa aa aa.

Baa a a aa aa a a a a PCN K

Kaa (KK) Sa A ITB a aa a a aa aa aa .

BAB 1


8/105

2

2011

C

1.1

M aa aaa aa aaa aa a aaa

aaaa a a a a a a aaa. S

aaa a a a aa aa aa aa aaa

a aa aaa aa aaa a aa aa aa

(.., H, 2004; Kaa, 2003)

.

∂

∂+

∂

∂+

∂

∂ ν+

∂

∂

ρ−=

φ−+φΩ+φΩ−

2

2

2

2

2

21tancos2sin2

z

u

y

u

x

u

x

p

a

uv

a

uw w v

dt

du

∂

∂+

∂

∂+

∂

∂ ν+

∂

∂

ρ−=

φ−+φΩ−

2

2

2

2

2

22 1tansin2

z

v

y

v

x

v

y

p

a

u

a

vw u

dt

dv (1)

∂

∂+

∂

∂+

∂

∂ ν+−

∂

∂

ρ−=

+−φΩ−

2

2

2

2

2

222 1cos2

z

w

y

w

x

w g

z

p

a

v u u

dt

dw

aa ),,( w v u aaa aa a a νΩρ ,,,,, g a p aaa aa

aa, a (aa aa) a, aa B aaaa, aa a

B, (aa) aa, a a a. Oa a

aa a a aa a aa aa a aaa a a a a

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

z w

y v

x u

t dt

d

∂

∂+

∂

∂+

∂

∂+

∂

∂= (2)

S a a Ω aaa C a

a B, aa a a a aaa a a

a B. E aa a aa a B a aa

a aa g .

.

Paaa a aaa aa aa aa aa a a aa

aaa aa

∂

∂+

∂

∂+

∂

∂−=

ρ

ρ z

w

y

v

x

u

dt

d 1 (3)

aa aa


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3

2011

C

∂

ρ∂+

∂

ρ∂+

∂

ρ∂−=

ρ

z

w

y

v

x

u

dt

d )()()( (4)

aa aa.

. E

Q dt

D p

dt

dT c v =

α+ (5)

aa T aaa a, v c aaa aaa aa aa a a ρ=α /1

aaa a , aa Q aaa a aaa aa aa a aa

a aa aa, , aa aa aa a.

. /E

)()(

C E dt

q d −ρ=

ρ (6)

aaa aaa a a a a aa q

a a aa (aa) E aa () a a a C

aa aa ( ).

S aaa aa, a, aa aa a a

a a a a. S a a a a aa a aa

aa aa a aa aa . P aa aa a aa

aa a aa aa . Paa aa

aa PCN, aa aaa aa , aa a aa

aaa aaa aa aaa aa

aa aaa aa a a a a a a a

a aa.

Baa aa a a a aa aa aa M a

Sa A aaa a aaa :

a. Paa a a

RT p ρ= (7)

a aa a R aa .

. A aaa

Da a a a aa


10/105

4

2011

C

κ

=θ

p

p T

s ,

p c

R =κ (8)

aa s p aaa aa aa a aa (aaa a aa aa 1000

Pa) a p c aaa aaa aa a aa aa a aa aaa

aa aa a aa

dt

dQ

T C dt

d

p

θ=

θ (9)

a a aaa aaa aa aa aaa dt dQ / = 0 a

tankons =θ .

. Paa a

g dz

dp ρ−= (10)

aaa aa aa a aa aa aa a a aa.

. Paa a (a a aaa)

0=∂

∂+

∂

∂+

∂

∂

z

w

y

v

x

u (11)

aa aa a, a a aa ( konstan=ρ ) a

aa aa a . Ha a aa aa aaa a

aa aa B. Daa a , aa a aaa aa

aa a a a a aa aa a aa aa a

( ).

Saa , PCN aa aaaa a a aaa

)(

)(

t F dt

t du

= (10)

U a aa a t ∆ , a aaa (10) aa a t n t ∆= aa a

t n t ∆+= )1( aa aa

∫∆+

∆

+ +=t n

t n

n n dt t u F u u )1(

1 ),( (11)

a aa aa a a aa ( ). Na

a, aaa (11) a aa a a aa aa aa aa


11/105

5

2011

C

),( t u F aaa . M aa a a aa a

a aa aa aa aaa a aa a aa

aaa a ( ) ψ (,) aa (Ka

a Ba, 1996)

( ) ( )x

J t ∂

ψ ∂β−ψ ∇ψ −=ψ ∇

∂

∂ 22 , (12)

aa )(,J aaa a Jaa a dy df /=β aaa a aa a aa

C φΩ= sin2 f aa a.

Paaa (12) aaa aaa a a R (H, 2004) a aa

a aa aa aa a/ aa a a.

Paaa aa aa aaa a a a a

a a aa a a a aa a aa a aa aa ),( v u aa aa aa 500 Pa. Ha aaa a a a

aa a a a H aa

y x v

x y u

∂

χ∂−

∂

ψ ∂=

∂

χ∂−

∂

ψ ∂−=

(13)

aa χ aaa aa a, aa

-D y

v

x

u

y

u

x

v

=−=

∂

∂+

∂

∂−=χ∇

ζ=∂

∂−

∂

∂=ψ ∇

divergensi2

2

(14)

Baa ζ a a. Da a a, aa = 0 a

a aaa aa a a a a aa

xv

yu

∂∂=∂∂−= ψ , (15)

C a aa a aa a aa Gaa 1. Daa

a aa aa aa a a.

M aa aa, a aa C.G. R a

aa aa aa Sa a D 1954, a a aa

a Aa Sa. Aa a a a aa M aaa a a a

aa a aaa T (Gaa 2). S a aa ,

PCN aa aa a a a 60a aa aa a aa


12/105

2

a a

a aa.

1. C

a a

()a a a

2. Sa

aa P

1954.

(a)

()

011

aa aaa a a

a aa a

aa : (a)a a a ( ) a

24 a a.

a aaa T a a

Caa N aa aa S

6

C

a a

24 a

aa aa a

a a

a aa a


13/105

7

2011

C

1.2

Kaa a aa , aa aa a a a

a aa a a a a aa a aa

a. O aa , aa a aa aa

a aa a. Daa aa a a aa aa

aa aa aa a. Na a, aa

aa a a. O aa , a aa a

aa a aa aa ( ) aa a

a ( ) aa aa ( ) a a

aa a a . M aa aa aa aa ( )

a aa aa aa a aa aaa. P aa a aa a

a a a a a aa a aa

a a aaa a aa a aa aa aaa a aa.

M aa a aa aa aa aaa a

a a, aa a aa a a aaa aa

aaaa a. U a B a a , a

a aa a a a aa aa a aa. Saa

, a a aa aa a aa a a () aa

(H, 2004)

λ∂

ψ ∂Ω−

µ∂

ψ ∂∇

λ∂

ψ ∂−

λ∂

ψ ∂∇

µ∂

ψ ∂=ψ ∇

∂

∂2

22

2

2 21

a a t (16)

aa

( )

λ∂

ψ ∂

µ−+

µ∂

ψ ∂µ−

µ∂

∂=ψ ∇

2

2

2

2

2

2

1

11

1

a (17)

a λ aaa a (), aa φ≡µ sin a a a.

Daa a, a aaa aa a a

aa a a aa aaa aa

∑γ

γ γ λµψ =µλψ ),()(),,( Y t t (18)

a )(t γ ψ aaa aa a a a. D ,

a a

λγ γ µ≡λµ m i e P Y )(),( (19)


14/105

8

2011

C

aa ( )n m ,≡γ aaa a aaa aa a a a

a K,3,2,1,0 ±±±=m a K,3,2,1=n a aa n m ≤ . Daa a γ P

aaa aa n . Daa a aa m

a aa a aa aa a (BaaT) a aa a aa

m n − aaa a a γ P aa a 11


15/105

2

=ψ γ t 4

1)(

a

=γ t A 4

1)(

Ia aa (25) a (

aa. Da

aa aa

Ka a

aaa aa

aa, a a a ),( m n ,

a a

a a

Wa a Pa

011

µλµλψ γ +

−

π

∫∫ d d Y t *

1

1

2

0

),,(

µλµλ γ +

−

π

∫∫ d d Y t A *

1

1

2

0

),,(

6) aa a a aa

aa a a , a

aa a.

aaa a aa a

(aaa (18)). Aa a aa

a a ( ) a . Jaa a aa aaa

a M m N += . Paa

a aa aa aaa a aa Ha

(1986), a H (2004).

. Pa a a a

a = 5 a = 0,1,2,3,4,5. (S : H,

9

C

(25)

(26)

aa

),( µλA

a a

a aa

a ),( M N aaa aa M N = , aa

a a

a Wa (19980),

a

2004)


16/105

10

2011

C

Daa a a aa . M a a aa

Jaa Ma A (JMA), aa, aa a aa a aa

a a 20 . Na a, aa a a a

aa a a aa a a aa a. U aa

a aa, a aa aa a a a aa a aa a a a (aa ) a aa

a a a . Saa a, Gaa 4 aa a aa

a a aa Jaa Baa aa aa 13 O 2004 aa

a a a 2 a. S aa a a

aa Ia aa a a

aa a aaa aa.

4. Ca a () a aa a a a

aa aa Baa P. Jaa aa aa 13 O 2004 a (a)14:25 WIB

a ()16:25 WIB.

U aa a a a , aa aa

aa a aa a aa aa a aa aa

aa aa a aa aa a aa a aa

aaa aaa a a (aaa ). D aaa a

a a aa aa aa a aaa a aaa MM5 a WRF (Da a.

2005; Saa a., 2005) a aa NCAR ( C A

), aa JMA aa a (Sa a., 2006).

Baa a a aa Aa, Ea, Ja, a Aaa a

aa a a a aa. M aa

a aa aaa a 1 aa a a aa

aa .

Sa a a a aa a aa aaa a

a a. Baa a a a aa aa aa

aaa a aa, a a, a a, a a .

Pa a a aa aa a a aa

a a. Paa aa aaa, aa aa aa

a aa konstan= p aa aa aaa a aa a aa

(a) (b)


17/105

11

2011

C

a aaa a a a a a. Ka aa

aa aa aa aa aa a a a a a a

a aa aa aa a a a aa aa aa aa

.

Ka a aa a aa

T s

T

p p

p p

−

−=σ (27)

aa ),,( t y x p s aaa aa aa a konstan=T p aaa aa aa aa

. Da a, a a a 1=σ aa a 0=σ aa aa

a a a a () aa a

aa a aa Gaa 5. Ha a aa aa aa a

aa aa a a a a, a a aa aa a aa aa aaa a a aa a a aa aa

a . Daa a , a a aa aa a aa

a a a (.., Kaa, 2003). Da a a, a a

a aa a. Ka konstan=θ aa aa aa

a aa aa aa .

5. Gaaa a a a a aaaa a a (S : CM, 2003).

1.3

Sa aaa aa aa aaa a aa aa a aa

aa aaa aa aa a a aa WMO (W

Ma Oaa). D aaaa a aa a aa

aa a a aaa a aaa aa aa. Paa


18/105

12

2011

C

aa a a a ECMWF (E C

F) a a I, NCEP ( C E )

Aa Sa , a J A Ja, aaa aa a

aa a a a.

Sa aa , aa a aaa a aa aaa a,

, a a aa a a a aa aa aaa aa

aa. Sa aa a a aa WMO a a aa a a

a aa aaa aa a a aaa a aa . Na

a, a a aa a aa aa aaa

aa aaa a aa a a a a .

Saa a a a aa aa aaa PCN aaa

.

Aa aa aa aaa aaa a aa aaa a aa

aa aa a a a aa aaa a a a aa

aa a a aa a aa a aa PCN. Na

aa aa a aa aa a aa aa aa

a aaa a. Paaaa aa aa aa

aa aa a a aaa a aa, aa a

aaaa : aa, a, a, aa a aaa a

a a aaa a a a. Baa a aa aa, aa aa

aa aa M a O Aa, a aa a a

1950a a . Ma Ca aaa a aa aa a a aa

aa aaa a a. Sa a a a a a O Ia (OI), 3DVa, 4DVa, a E Kaa F.

Sa aa aaa, aa aa a a a aaa

aa aa a aa Gaa 6. Uaa a a a

a aa a aa aa aa Kaa (2003) .

Sa a a a a aa aa aa aaa aa aa

, a aa, aa a a aaa a aa B

a a . O aa , a aa aa

a a aa aa a aaa. Paa aa, a a aa

aa a a aa a a a aaa aa (

), aa a aaa aa aa aa a . Na

a, a aa a aa a a a a aaa a a

aaa a aaa, aa a aa

aa . Saa a a a aa aa aa aaa a

aa G (SG).

Paa aaa, SG aaa aaa a (aa )

aaa aa a (a) a aa a aa

() (.., W, 1995). D aa SG, aa aaa aa aa


19/105

2

. Saa a a

a aa

aa a 1 a 0.

( )

(2) (). aa (

a a aa a

aa a

a aa a

a aa

a a

aa aa a

a a a

6. S

4DVa a

A )

Sa a

a aaa aa

a aa a a a aaa a

aa a a aa

a.

1.4 ,

PCN a a

a aaa a

011

a aaa a a aa SG

a Ha a Ta Ha aa aa

Aa a a aa a aa

a aa a aa Ga

aa P P, a aa a) a aa a aaa aa a

a aa a aa a . D

a aa aaa aa aa

aa. Ma aa a aa,

aaa aaa a aa

aa ( a a). Aa

a a a SG aa aa

aa a a (Kaa, 2003).

aa a aa aa a

a 6 a. (S : Jaa M

aa a aa a aa

aa aa aaaa aa

a a a aa a aa aa aa

a () a

,

a aa aa a aa aa

aaaa a. K13

C

aa a a,

a a

a SG a : (1)MOS

a L (1972) a

aa aaa aa a aa aa

a a MOS, aa

aa a a

aa SG

a a aa

, Kaa a

a a a

)

a

aa, aa

aa aa a

a aa. Saaa aa a

a aaa aa

a a aa

a W B


20/105

14

2011

C

a a PCN a aa a a, a aa aa aa a

aa a a a aa aa aa a a

aa a : (1)aa a a a aa a, a (2)aa

a a a a a a a aa aa aa

aaa aa.

Ka a aa a aa a a, aa aa a

aa aa a aa a aaaa aaa aaa a aa

aa aa a aa a aa aa. M

aa aa a a a a aa aaaa

, aa aa aa aa a a aa aa a.

Ka J Ca a C.G. R a 1950a a aa PCN aa

aa, a a a a a a

aa a a aaa a a a a. Aa a,

a aa a L (1963) a aa aaa aa

aa aa aa a a aa aa

aa a aa. O aa , a a a a

a Na a . Kaaa aa aa

aa aa Ea L, M

Maa I T (MIT) aa a , aa a aaa

a aa aa

−=

−−=

−σ=

bz xy dt

dz

xz y rx dt

dy

x y

dt

dx )(

(28)

aa r b ,,σ aaa aa. L (1963) aaa aa a aaa (28)

aa a a 10=σ , 3/8=b a 28=r aa a a a

a a aa L.

M a aaa, PCN a a a a aa aa aa a aa a a a a aaa aa a. Ha

a a aaa aaaa aa aaa a

a aaa aa aa a a. D aa a aa a aa

aa a a aa aa a a aa aa

() aa aa a aa. P aa

a aaaa a aa a a aa a a. Sa

a aa aa a a a a aa aa a aa a aa a

aa aa. Ma aa aa a aa ()


21/105

15

2011

C

a aa a a. Sa a a aa aa a

a a aa .

7. C a aa aa a

aa Aa Uaa aa aa a. Maa

aa a a aa aa a

a. (S : CM, 2003)

Gaa 7 aa aa aa aa a. D

aa a aa aa a a aa a aaa

aa a a a a a aaa a a

. I a aa PCN aa a aaa a a aa

aa (a a a) aa a aa aa. Da aaa aaa

aa aa aa aa aa a aa aa a

aaa a a aaa aa aaaa a (Naa

Ra C, 2006).

1.5

Daa a aa a a aa aaaa a aa

aa aa, Ia a aaaa Aa Taa aa

a aa a aa. Ha aa a aa I

1 C a aaa Ba

aa a Ma 2006. W aaa aa aa a aa aa

a KAGI 21 (K U A G Ia) a aa aaa

aaa ITB a K U. Sa a a Ja aa aa a, aa

a a a a aaaa Aa Taa Saa, Maaa,

Va, a Pa, aa (D. T Wa Ha) aa a ITB. Sa a


22/105

16

2011

C

a aa aa a aaa aa aa

a (PC) aa a a a aa aa

aa a aaa a a a a. Saa , aa aa

a a Naaaa Aa Taa a a a.

Pa aa KK Sa A a a a aa

a 2005 a aa C aa aaa a aaa. PC, a

aaa a a a AMD A64 (Gaa 8) a a

aa aa D. T Wa Ha a aa aaaa a aa

aaa a a K U. Faa a aa

a aa a, aa aa, aa PCC

a a a a aa AMD64 Ma 12 . Saa

aa a aa aa aa a a aa aaa

aa a a aa a (MM5 a WRF)

aa a a aaa a NCEP ( a 1 aa) a.

8. Taa PC aa a a a

aa KK Sa A aa a aa

ITB a 2005.

Ha a aa a MM5 a a () 10

a aa a aa a a aa aa

a a a . Gaa 9 aa a a aa

aa 13 O 2004 aa aa a aaa a a

aa a aa a aa . Pa a aa a


23/105

17

2011

C

09.00 UTC aa a a aa aa a a. P aa

a a a a 20 .

P aa aaa aa a aa aaa aaaa a aa aa

aa aaaa a aa a . Ma

aa aa PCN Naaaa Aa aa a a, a aa

Ia aa a aa aa aa

aaa. K a aa aa aa aa aa a aa

aa aa a aaaaaaa a a. Baa M a Ga

( a, ://.../) aa a aa

aa aa a a Aaa a Ja

aaa aa aaa.

9. Ha a a a MM5 a a a a aa

a 10 a ( aa, a aa a a

a ) a a a a aa aa 13 O 2004 : (a)a

06.00 UTC a ()09.00 UTC a a a aa () a () aa aa

a a aaa aa a a a aa.

Da aa aaa a aa, KK Sa A a aa aa

aa aaa aaaa aa. Baa a

aa aa a aa a

://a...a.. Kaaa a a a a a

(a)

()

()

()


24/105

18

2011

C

aaa aaa a aa a a a a a

aaa, a aa a aa aa. Sa , aa

aa aa aaa a aa aaa Pa S S1

M, a Pa Ma Sa Ka (O Sa A) a aa

aa a a a.


25/105

19

2011

F

BAB 2 PENGENALAN WRF

2.1

Ka a () a aa a a a. Aa aa

a aa aaa a aa. Daa a ,

a a a aa. Paa a a, a

a aa, a aaa, , . Baa a a aa a

aa aa a aa.

Daa M Caa a a aa aaa :

• H a

Daa , a aa a a a a aa

. S : aa, aaa a a.

o A : a aa a aaa, : a aa a,

aa a aa a, . Ha : aa aa a, a aaa

aa a a a aa aa a

a aa a aa. Da aa a a

a aa a.

Na : a a (a ) a

a aa a. Pa .

o Paaa P : aaa a aa aa

a aaa. C aaa NaS.

o Paaa Da.

• Vaa a aa a

o P : a , a .

o Da : a a .

• Saa aa a aa aa

o Daa : a, , +a

• Ka a

o Ha :

a : , a

: (aa), ,

o Va

BAB 2


26/105

20

2011

F

Ka : a, a, (), aa ( ),

a ( ),

R : , Pa, K, ,

• Paaa : a a a a a a

. Baaaa aa a a aa . . .

o Ma aa a a

o K

o Raa A

o Laa Baa A

o

M aa aa aa a aaa aaa, a :

1. M Saa Ga. Ca : GFS, ECMWF Ga M, MRI M

2. M Saa M. Ca : MM5, JMANHM, WRF3. M Saa La. Ca : FTM

4. M Aa

M aa aaa aa (NWP )

a a a a a a aa

aa

Paa aa aa M Caa Saa M, a WRF (

F).

F A F (WRFARW) aa

a aa aa aa a a aa

aa a a a a. M a aa a

a a, aa 3a (3DVAR) aa aa a a aa a

a a aa a aa aa a a . WRF

aa a a a aa aa a .

Uaa aa WRF aa aaa aa, a aa a

aaa Naa C A Ra (NCAR), Naa Oa a A

Aa (NOAA), Naa C Ea P (NCEP) a Fa

S Laa (FSL), A F Wa A (AFWA), Naa Ra Laa,

Ua Oaa a Fa Aa Aa (FAA).

WRF aa a , , a a a

a a aa aa a.WRF a,

aa a a a aa aa. M a

a a a a aa a a a a. Taa WRFVa a

aa aa aa aa a aa aa aa aa a

aa a , a a WRFC a a

aa ( ).


27/105

21

2011

F

M WRF 2 a :

1. NMM (Na Ma M) aa a aa

D a NCAR , a .

://..///

2. ARW (Aa Ra WRF) aa C E

a D C .

://...///

Gaa 1. K WRF

U aa a aa a ARW.

2.2

ARW aaa A a aaaa a aa a

WRF a aa aa a aa a. S

WRFARW a , a /a, aa aa,a a aa

aa (WRFVa). ARW a a NMM a a WRF a

aa aa a. Saa a a aaa ARW a NMM

a aa aa. K WRF a ARW a

a a aa aa NMM .

S M WRFARW a aa a aa a :

1. WRF P S (WPS)

Pa aaa aa a a aa. Fa :


28/105

22

2011

F

a. Ma a a

. Ma a aa ( a, a, a aa)

aa a a

. M a a a aa a a aa

a a.2. WRFVa

I aaa a a, a aa aa aa a aa

aa a a a aa WPS. Daa a aa aa

aa WRF a a aa aa .

• WRFVa a aa aa a WRF

• Taaa a aa a

• QaN aa aa a a aa

• Aa aa aa A A

• Paa a a a B a

(a) aa (a). K a

aaa a a aaaa a

. E a / a a (aa a a

a a).

• Laa Baa aa (J) a a aa aa

U, a aa B = UUT.

• Pa a aa .

• aa Ka a a NMC a

aaaa aa aa a aaaa aa .

• 3DVa Ba (4DVa aa aa), a a a,aa .

3. ARW

Baa aaa a a, aa aa

a aa aa, a a aa a, a a a .

BAa a a a a . B a :

• Paaa a a a a

• La a a a

•

•

• N a ( )

• Ka a

• Jaa a a aa aa a

• Fa aa a a

o Pa a

o Laa

o Ma

• Aaaa C a

• Pa aa a RKa 2 a 3

• B aa • Pa a (a a a ) 2 aa 6


29/105

23

2011

F

• Pa a aa, aa, a TKE

• T a a a a aa

o Sa a , a

o D a a

o Ea • Saa Baa Laa

o Ia a : , , a aa

o Ra a : aa

• Pa F aa, PBL, Raa, a

aaa. M :

o M : a a a aa

a aa aa aa a

a NWP.

o K Paaa : aa a aa

a a.

o Paa F : Ma aa aa a a

a aa aa a a

aa aa, a a a a aa .

o PBL (Paa Ba La) F : P

aa a K a.

o Raa A : a a aa a

aa a a a a a a

aa aa a aa. E aa

a aa aa.

• G aa a a

4. PP a

Baa a , a RIP4 (aaa a NCAR), NCL, a

a a a aa a a : GADS a V5D.

2.3

Daa a a aaa WRF aa 2 a :

1. Daa a ( )

Daa aaa aa a aa aa aa aa a aa : aa a

(a a), aa aaa aa (a), aa aa ( ), aa a

aaa (a a), aa aa aaaaa (aa a). Daaaa

aa WRF a aa a a a Daa USGS (U Sa Ga

S). Aa a, a WRF 3 aa a aa a a a Daa Sa MODIS.

Daa aa a a a a : 10, 5, 2 a 30.

K Daa MODIS a a aa 30.


30/105

24

2011

F

2. Daa a (a a aa a aa)

Daa aa aa a aa a a aa a . Daa

aaa a a a (GFG F ), ECMWF

(E C F ) aa aa aa a CE F

a CE .

Fa aa a a WRF a aa a aaaa.

U aa a WRF aa a . U a aa a,

WRF a a a a CDF. Saa , WRF aaa

aa a aa CDF. M a aa, aa a WRF

aa a a a a aa a a

GADS aa V5D.

Gaa 2. S WRFARW

2.4

D aaa a aa a aa a aa aa a a aa a aa a a a. R


31/105

25

2011

F

a aaa 1010 aa aa a 111 111 .Da aa a,

aa aa a a a a a a. Maa aa a 27

27 . D a a aa () a a a a

a . Na aa aa a a aa a a a

a a a a a aa a a a.Na aa a, a aa aa a aa, a

aa a a aa a. S aa a aa aa aa

:

S a aa a aa, a a a

aa a a aaa aa ( ). Ka

aa a a a a a aa a

a aa a a aa a , a a

a a a.

Daa a 2 a aa aa WRF V.3 a

a aa a a a, a a aa aa a

a a a. U aa a aa a a aaaa aa WRF V.3 a a a. Da aa aa

Da

Global model output :

NCEP-GFS : 1° x 1°

Regional model output :

WRF : 2,5° x 2,5°


32/105

26

2011

F

aaa a aa a aa a a aa a

a a. U aa aa aa :

Paa a aa, a a aa a 4 a. U a 1

aa aa a, a a a a 4 a aa

aa a (a). R a aa aa a

aa a a a aa aa a a . Daa

aa a a aa a a a a

aa a aa a. U a a aa (

) a aa aa aa ( ).

2.5

M NWP a a aa a a/aa a

aa a a . Maa, aa a a aa aa a

a , a a aa aa aa, a

aa a a aa aa a a.

Sa a a aa a a a a aa

a a . Na, a aa a aa a

a aa aa a a a aa aa a

aa aaa a. M a a

aa aa a a aaa.

D aa a aa aa a aaaa. Daa

, a aa a aaaa aa a,

a a a aa aa .

2.5.1

M aa a a, aa, a a aa . Daa ARW

a, aa aa a a aa aa. Aaaa,

aaa aa aa a a aa a a aa

aa a aa aa a a aa.

Na, aa a a a aa a aa aa a

a a aa a. Da a aa a a

aaa aa a aa aa. Baa ,

a aa a , a, a

aaa aa a a a a, a

aa. Paa a a aa aa .

Ta aa aa aa a aa a aa a

aa aa, a aaa a a a aa aa. P


33/105

27

2011

F

a aa aa a a aaa a a a. U a

a a 10, aa a a a, a a aa a aa,

aa aa a a a.

K Sa aa aa a aa, a a, a, a

a. P a , , a, a

aa a; a a a a; a

a a a. Baaa, aa

aa a

P L Ea a , , a a, a, a, , a, a

a. Sa aaa aaa L . a.

(1983) a R a H (1984) a aa a,

a aa a Ta . a. (1989), a

. Sa aa a a a a WRF, a aa

aa aa a aa a .

WRF S

M 3a

(WSM3)

Sa WRF a a

aaa a a aa. Paa aaa aaa

aaa a a a a a

aaa aa aa aa a aa a. P

a/a aa a

aa aa aaa a a .

Ua a a a a a

a aa aa a a . Sa WSM3 aa aa , a, a/, a a/a, a

a a aa. Sa aa a

aa a , a a aa a

a a a a aa. Sa a

aa

WSM5 Sa a a aa WSM3. Na, a, a,

a, a , a a aa aa a aa a a.

Ja, a a a a a , a a

aa a a a a aa aa . Sa

aa a , aaa aa a .WSM6 Sa aa aa a a WSM5, a aa

a a a a aa. Kaaa aa

a WSM3, WSM5, a WSM6 a aa

a aa, a aa aa a aa . Da

a a WSM, WSM6 a a ,

a a a aa aa .

Ea GCP Da a a aa a EGCP01 aa Ea F. Sa

a aa a a a a aa

aa, a, a , a a (a/a/). Ma

a a aa a a. Ua a


34/105

28

2011

F

a a a a a a a aa .

Saa a aa aa a aa aa a

a a a, a, a , a a

a a aa aa a, a, aa . Da a

a aa a a aa a a aa a a a a a a

. Sa aa a aa aa a

a aa a a aaa aa a aa

a a a a aa a. Ha aaa a

a aa aa a aa, a

aa a a a aa a aa a a

a. Ua aaaa a a aa a

a a a a a a Ra (1996).

P a aa aa aa a a

aa a 30C, aaa a aa aa aa a a .

T B a aaa (BMP) a a a aa

aa a WRF aa aa aa.

Daa a BMP a, a

a aa aa aa a a a a

a a aa

aa a a a aa aa

a/a aa aa . Ta BMP

aa, a a a a aa aa a/

a a a aa aa a aa a

a a aa. Saa, a aa

a a a a a a

aa aa a a a a a aa

a, a a a a BMP aa a aa

a a a a a a.

F a aa a , aaaa :

• Jaa aa a ,

• Na, aa a a, a a a

a,• Y a a a aa a a, aa

a a aaa a a,

• Y a a a aa a a,

• Sa aa a a aa,

• Paa aa aa aa a a

aaa aa a,

• Ta a a a a,

• Ta aa a aa a a,

• D/a a a a a aa,

• E a aa a, a, a a a


35/105

29

2011

F

a aa,

• Ha a a, a a a a.

Ga Taa a aa a aa a a.

Ga a a a a a a a

. Saa, a a a a a a a a. aaa a aa aa a

a a a a a aa

, a a a a a

aaa.

Sa , a a a aaa. T a

aa aaa a aa aa (aa)

a a aa a a a aaa.

S a a aa a,

aa aa a (a a a a

aa) aaa aa a aaa a.

Da , a aa a aa aa aa.

Ja a a a a a a a a

a aa a aaa. Ha , aa a

aa aa aa a .

M Ga 3, a a a a

(2ICE), a aa aa a a. O a a

a a aa (a >5). Sa a a a

aa a a.

M 2

M

Ea a aa, aaaa a, aa, a , a,

a, a a/a. Ka a

aa a a aa a. Vaa

a a a a a a , a, a, a

a/a, a a a aa a a a (a 10

aa. P a 2 (a a a a)

a aa a aa a a,

a aa aa a aa

a aa/a. Baa , , a

a aa aa. D a a a

a aa aa, a aa aa a a, a aaa a a

a a a a. Sa a a aa

a a aa a aa a a.

Ta 1. Saa a aaa.


36/105

30

2011

F

2.5.2 (

Aa aa aaa aa aa WRF aaa :

Sa Ka

F

Ma CAPE a aa aaa a, aa

aa a a a a a a

a aa a a a a aa aa aa

a a a. Paa aa a a

aa, aa, aa a .Da a 20

25 .

Ma aa a aa a aa aaa

. Paa a a a a

aa a a aa a a.

Baa CAPE a a a a aa aa

a aa a.

Sa B

MJa

Taa aa a aa aa

a aa . S aa a aa

a a a aa a. U a a

a a, a a aa

aa aaa a aa a aa

a, a, a a a. Da a

aa aaa a aa a a ,aa a aa . Baa a aa aa a aa

aa a aa a a a a

aaaa aa a a . Saa

a aa aa 2 a.

Baa a a , a aa a aa

a a a. Saa a aa aa

aa a aa aaa a a aa

aa aa. Ha aa aa aa NCEP Ea

M.

Ta aa aa a . Baa

a a aa a aa a a a

a a aa a a a .

Sa G Aa aa a . Sa aa aa a

AaaaS aaa, a a a

aa CAPE aaaa KaF. Ta aa aa

a aa aa a a, a aa aa aa

a a a/a. Sa aa a

a. Fa aa a a a a aa a


37/105

31

2011

F

aaa . Ha a a a,

aa aa a a aa .

Sa a aa a a a a Ka

F. Maa a. Saa a a 10

12.

Kaa AaaaS aa aa a aa a a.

Ta aa aa.

Sa G

D

Sa Sa G aa a aa , a

a aa a a a a a aa

a, a a a . Paaaa aa

aa a a aa a aa aa

a a aa a aa aa. Pa

a aaa aa a a a(CAPE), aa a a a, aa aa .

Sa GD a aa aa a a aa a

a a a a aa . Sa GD

aa a a aa a aa a a KaF

a a aa aa a a .

Sa GD aa a aa aa

a .

2.5.3

P aa a (aaa) a a aa (a) a

aa aa a a a a a aa a a a.

E aaa a a a, a aa, a aa ,

a aa aa (a a a a aaa) aa aa aaa a aa. Ka aaa a a aa aaa a a,

aa :

• Da aa aa a, aa a a

• Daa a aa a, aa, a a.


38/105

2

(S: :

Saa aa a

aa aaa . R

A) aa

B aaa

aa. E a

a. E

a aa aa a

aaaa. Saa

a, aaaa

Paa a aa

a aa a

a

a aa

Pa aa a

aa a

Sa aa

a aa aa. Raa

aaa aa

a aa

Raa a

aa

aaa

U aa a

a, aa

a a

(a). S

11

//..a.//1/4/a/

aaaa aaa a a

aaa, a a a aa a

aa aa.

a a aaa a a aa

a a aa, aa, a a

aa aaa a a

a a a a

a a a a aaa a a

a aa a aa,

aa aaa aaaa

a a a

a aa . Paa aa

a a a a a aa a

a a a a a

aa a a a a

a aaa a a

aa a aa a a aa a a a aa a

a aa. Paaa aa a

a aa aa aa a

a a aa a aa

a. M aaa aaa

a a, , a aa a

, aaa aa aa a

aa aa a a a

aa aa a CO2,

aa aa WRF aa aa a

32

F

2. )

a aa aa

a (TOA, T

a a

a aaa a

a aa a,

a a a

a aa

a a 33C.

a aa

aa . Raa

a , a

a a a aa.

. Pa

aa .

aa a

aa aaa aaa a a a

a a

aa aa a aa.

a aa a

aaa a

a aa.

a aa. D

a ,

, a aa aa

a , a


39/105

33

2011

F

aa aa a a a

aa a a a a a aa, a a aa a a a

aa a a a a aa aa. A a

a aa aa a a .

( A)

Sa LW/SW Sa Ba CO2, O3, C

RRTM LW 16 CO2, O3, C

GFDL LW LW 14 CO2, O3, C

CAM3 LW LW 2 CO2, O3, C

GFDL SW SW 12 CO2, O3, C

MM5 SW SW 1

Ga SW 11 CO2, O3, C

CAM3 SW SW 19 CO2, O3, C

()

0 N a

aa

Maaa aa a Raa a .

1 Da Pa a aa a aa

a a aa aa aa a a aa. Kaaa aa a a , a a

aaa aa aa.

Sa Da aa aa a a a

a a a aa, a

aa a aa a a a a. Ha

a a a aa a a

a.

Sa aaa Da (1989) a a a MM5. Sa

a a aa aaa,

a aa aa aa, a a a (La a

Ha, 1974), a a aa a a. Sa

aa aa a S (1978). Paa

3, a a a

aaa aa aaa aa.

2 Ga a Sa a a a a a

a a aa.

Sa aaa C a Sa (1994). M 11 a

a a a a aa

aaa a aa aa 2 aa a aa a . O a a a


40/105

34

2011

F

aa a a aa.

3 CAM Sa a aa aa CAM 3 a aa

aa CCSM. Ma a a .

Sa a a a aa aa CA C

(CAM 3.0) a . Sa aa aa aaa a aa

aa a a . Sa aa

a aa a a aa a

(a) a aa. Sa aa aa

a C . (2004). Sa aa CAM

aa aa aa a a

aa aa a aaa aa a aaaa

a aa.

99 GFDL (Ea) a

()

E G F D (GFD) .

Sa aa Ea. Sa a a a

a a a a aa.

Sa aa a aa GFDL a

aaa La a Ha (1974). Pa a a a

a (a La a Ha, 1974), a aa

(Saa . 1972) aa aa a . Aa a

aa aa. Pa a aa aaaa

aa aaa aa a a aaa

aa a a .

()

0 N a

Maaa aa a Raa a aa

1 RRTM Ra Raa Ta M. Sa a aa aa

. Ma a, a

a, a .

Sa RRTM, a a MM5 aaa Ma . (1997)

a aa a a aa aa a.

Sa aa a aaa

a aa aa aa a a

a a, CO2, , ( , a aa a

aa a), a aaa a

aa.

Vaa RRTM aa LBLRTM a aa aa

a. Aa RRTM a: 1:0 W2

9aaa LBLRTM) aa aa a; 0:1Ka1


41/105

35

2011

F

aaa a a a a aa

a 0:3 Ka1 a aa a aaa.

3 CAM Sa a aa aa CAM 3 a aa

aa CCSM. Ma a a .

Sa a a a aa aa NCAR C A (CAM 3.0) a . Sa

aa a aa .

99 GFDL (Ea)

a (

)

Sa aa Ea. Sa a a a

a a a a aa.

Sa aa a aa a GFDL. Sa

aaa aa aa (

) a F a Sa (1975) a Sa a

F (1991) a a aa a a a aa

a CO2, a a a . Sa aa

a CO2 a Sa a F (1985), a

a a (R . 1976), a a a a a aCO2

a V a. Fa a R (1968)

aaa a . Aa a aa aa. Sa

aa a aa a

aa Ea.

2.5.4

PBL aa aa aaa aa a a a aa aa

a a aa aaa, aa, a . Sa

aa a, a, aa , a a a a

a a, a a aa a a a.

D aa PBL aa a a aa a aa a aa

a a, aa aa PBL a a a a aa

a a aa a a.

C aa aa:

1. T a a

2. Gaa a a a aa aa a a aa a

a a a

3. Paa a aa a aa a a a

4. Ta a a

5. Kaaa aa aaa 1003000 a aa aa a a a

a aa a


42/105

2

F Ma:

1. Ha a

2. Fa a

3. Eaa/

4. Ta5. P

PBL aa P Caa

1. Ma

2. Ma

aaa

3. M

aa .

U a a

1. Raaaa a

aa,

a,

2. La a,

a

3. Ea

a a

Gaa aa

a aa

aa aa

Ga aa a

a aa a

11

/

aa

a

N a :

a aa a

aa a aa aa

a a aa, aa, a

aa aa PBL a aa:

a a a

a a aa aa aa

aa, a a aa aa a

a aa a, a a

aaa a a a aa.

a aaa a a aa

a aa, a aa PBL.

a aaa a

aa a a a aaaa

a a.

: ://...a./?a=a

aa aa aa , aa

a a aa aaa,

36

F

a aa

a aa

aaaa a,

, a a a

.

a aaa aa

aa a

a aa

aa a a

=

a a a a

aaaa


43/105

37

2011

F

aa a a aa a PBL. Kaa a a ,

aa, a aa aaa aa a aa .

Ka a a PBL aa a a PBL aa aa,

aa a a a aa a aa

a PBL a aa aa aa. K aa

aa , , a . K aa aa a aa

a a aa.

Daa aaa WRF aa aa aa PBL:

0 N aa

Daa PBL 0 aaa a aa

a a PBL. Ka PBL 0 .

1 YSU (

)

Ga a MRFPBL. Sa aK a aa

a a aa K aa aa

aa a a a (Saa a. 2005). (Sa

a WRFNMM)

Y U aa a a a

MRF a a a aa

a a a aa a

a aa, aa a , a

a , a aa a a aPBL (H a Da 2003 aa S. Ca 2006). Ka

PBL a a YSU a a, a a

a aa a aa a aa

a aa a aa a aa

a a a a.

2 MYaaa

Ja TKE

Sa a a

aa a aa a. (Ja 1990, 1996a, 2002). (Sa

a WRFNMM, aa NCEP)

3 NCEP Ga

Fa S (NMM )

Sa a aa a T a Ma (1986)

a aa aa a Raa a a aa aa aa aa a

a aa aa a

a PBL. Na a a a

aa aa . Paaa a

aa aa a . (a a a

WRFNMM)

4 QaNa Sa

Ea PBL

Aaa TKE a aa a

a aa. Taa aa 3.1.

5 MYaaa

Naa a N

L 2.5 PBL

M TKE. Taa aa 3.1.


44/105

38

2011

F

6 MYaaa

Naa a N

L 3 PBL

M TKE a a aa. Taa aa

3.1

7 ACM2 (P) PBL

(ARW)

M a a aa aa aa

a aa aa a. Sa aaa aa aa a a aa aa aa a

aa a a. Ta aa (a a)

a a aa aa aa a

aa aa a aa a

a aa a aa a a aa

aa aa.

8 BLa PBL BaLaa PBL aaa aa a aa

TKE. Sa aa aa 3 a a

aa a a BEP.

Pa a Ua Sa (_a_ aa

aa a a):

Ua a (_a_ = 1): 3a UCM

a aa aa, , a

BEP (_a_ = 2). B E

Paaa

Maa a a a a

aa aa aaa a a aa

. Sa aa aa a aa Na LSM a

Ba a MYJ PBL. Sa aa aa 3.1.

99 MRF V aa a a YSU a a

aa a aa aa a aK aa

aa. (H a Pa 1996). Sa MRF a

a E aa a, a a a

a aa aa aa aa aa aa

aa. Sa aa a aa a

aa a.

LES PBL: A a

a

(LES) a a

aa aa 3. Paa a aa :

__ = 0,

= 1, a aa _a_ a

_a_.

S aa a aa aa

a a

_ = 2

_ = 2 aa 3

Aa LES PBL aaa a :

= 0 aa 2

Kaa:

aaa aa a aa a aa,


45/105

39

2011

F

a :

1 = a a aa

0 = aa aa (a aa aa

_a_a = 2)

Ba _=2, _=2 aa 3 aa :0 = a a a, _a_;

1 = aa a *, a aa

a aa;

2 = aa a *, a aa

_a_

2.5.5

U aa aa aaa aa aa aa a a a

a aaa aa aa a. Uaa a a aa aa

aaa a, a, aa a, aaa, a .

. KORELASI

3

Ka aa a a a aa a a a aa

a a a a a aa. P aaa aa a

a a a. Ca, aa aa a aa, aa aa a a a a a aa,

a aa a. Na a a a. Daa a ,

a a a a a, a a a .

. STANDAR DEVIASI DAN VARIANSI

Vaa aa aa a a aa a a aa aa aa

aa aa a a aaa a aa. Saa a

aa aa aa a aa.


46/105

40

2011

F

. ERROR

Da aa a aa aa aa a aaa Ma A E (MAE),

a R Ma Sa E (RMSE).

4

Kaa aaa aa aa a aaa a a, aa

aa aaa aa a aa a.

5

MAE aaa aaaa aa a aaa a a . RMSE aa

aa a aa aaa a a a aa a aaaaa.

U a , a aa aa a a aaa

a a . RMSE aa aa a a aaa

a a a aa MAE.

. CONTOH ANALISIS STATISTIK


47/105

41

2011

F

Ga Ga a aa

aa a a (

a aaa) a a

a ( a). Da aa

aa a a/aa a a

a aa aa.

6

Daa Ta Daa Ta a aa

aa a aa a

aa. Aa aa aa

a a, a

a a aa

a, aa a

a . Ja aa

aaa, a aa aa

aa aa, a a a

.7

Sa Sa aa aa

a aa aa

aa aa a. Da aa

a a a a aa a

a.

8

B P B a a aa a

. Da aa a aa

a aaa a aa.

9


48/105

42

2011

F

2.5.6

Va aa a a a aa a aa aa a aa

aa aaa a a a aaaa

aa. U a aa a aaa aa aa .

10

aa a aa aa a a a aaa

aa . Ka aaa aaa (F) a aaa (O)

aa (H). Ta aa a aa aa aaa

aa a aa aa aa aa.

a aa aa ( ) a aa aa a a aaa aa .


49/105

43

2011

DAFTAR PUSTAKA

COMETM, U Ca A Ra, ://.a./, 2003

Da, J. a Ca, PSU/NCAR Ma M S Ta Ca N a U

G, Ma a Ma M D NCAR, Jaa 2005

Ga H. R., a D. A. L, T a a a,

J. A. ., 11, 12031211, 1972

H, J.R., A I Da M 4

E., . 534, E Aa P,

USA, 2004

Kaa, E., A M, Daa Aa a Pa, . 341, Ca

U P, 2003

L, E. N., D , J. A. ., 20, 120141, 1963Naa Ra C, C Fa : Caa a Ca

Ua B D U Wa a Ca Fa, Naa Aa

S, USA, 2006

Sa, K., a aa, T Oaa JMA Na Ma M, M. Wa.

R., 134, 12661298, 2006

Saa W.C., K J.B., Da J., G D.O., Ba D.M., Wa W., P J.G., A

D Aa Ra WRF V, Ma a Ma

M D, Naa C A Ra Ca USA, 2005

Wa, W., C. B, M. Da, J. Da, D. G, H. C. L, J. Maa, S. R, a X. Za,

2008 : F A : 3 G, Ma & Ma M D, Naa C A Ra

W, D.S., Saa M A S, Aa P, N, 1995


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BAGIAN II


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I F

BAB 3 INSTALASI MODEL WRF

3.1

Paa aaa WRF aa aaa aa a a . Ua

aa a a aaa aaa, a:

1. C

C aa aa a aa, a a aa

a a aa a a . C aa

a a a aa a aaa aa aa

aaa aa a a a a aa a

a . K C aa aa a aa aa,

aaa aa aa aa a aa a aa a a a .

C a aa a a a .

S aa: ://a.//a/2011/09/P. () a

://...//_a/40000355/a1/440330a_a_10_1a. (aa)

2. C C

C C /Ka K aa a aa a a a a

aa aa aa a aa aa a

aa a aaa aa a. K a aa

a aaaa a aa aaa. Paa C a

C aa aaa a aa a a a aaa. C

aa aa a a, aa C aa a

a a aa a.

BAB 3


52/105

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2011

I F

S aa: ://...//2. () a

://710.1./a//a/VR/. (aa)

Ta aa a aaa a :

• H

Daa a a a a a aa a a a

aa a a aa .

•

Ba a a aa aa a a a aa

aa a a a a a a a a.

• H

S a aa a aa aa aaa aa a a a

aa a a aa a aaa aaa aa a aa aa , aa .

Sa a aa :

• N

Maa a () a a a a

a a aa a.

• S a

S a a aa a a a SUSE.

Maa a a .

• C a

Paa a a a a aa a a aa

• Aa a aa a

Sa a aa aa a a MPICH2

B a aa a aa aaa WRF. Daa

a a a a a a a a .

(6 )

I 2a I 2a

4GB 4GB

8 a 10 1 a 20


53/105

2

3.2

S a aaa

a . S

a a

1. ,

a

2. ,

aa a

3. A,

aaaa

a, a

4. , a

Ha aaa

Gaa 1.1.

S a a

a

a

1. K, a

2. C I

Pa

P

S

11

a a a aa aaa aaa

a a aa

aa aa a a a :

aa aa aa

a : CPU, a aa

a a aa a

aa aa a aa a

a aa aa a

a a a, a ,

a aa.

aa , a a,

a

a a aa a aa,

, a aa a aa

a aa. Saa a

a a a.

aa , a a aa a

Aa

Oa

Paa Ka

K

CI/

47

I F

a aa

aa. S a

a . Saa

a. Paa

.

a aa

a a.

aa

a aa,

aa a.

a aa a aa

aa aa a aa

a a, a

a a aa:

a.


54/105

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2011

I F

Aa a a a a a , a a a

aaa a aa a aa GUI (G

I) a aa a a a aa. S a

aa aa 91% a. Da aa a a

a a aa aa a a a .

Paa aaaa, a a aa aaa a a aa

a aa. Ha a a a aaa a a. Ha aa aa

aa . aaa a a a a aaa

aa a a a aa aaa aa

aa a. a a a aa a a

a a . Baa a aa aa a

aaa, a aa aaa a aa aa a aa

a a a a aaa .

Aaa a aa a a aa? Aa, a aa a aaa.

S a aa L. Ka aa aaa a aa.

L aa L Ta, a Faa a aa aa H a

a C. Ia a a aa,

a aa aa aa. Saa aa aa DOS a a

aa M, a a L a aaa.

M aaa a U, a a a aa aa aa

a a a, a a L. U aa aa

aa a 1970 a a a a aa a aa a aa a

aa aa a a. M aa A Taa, a

a a, a aa a a

a. Kaa M a aaa aa, a a a ( )

a aaa a a Taa a aa aa a. Ta Ta

a aaa a M.

Paa aa , M a a ( aa a, a aa aa

a a a aa aa ). Maaa a a aaa

aa M a a , a , aa a aa

aaa , L a a a U, a a

Taa aa a M. L a 0,01 a L aa

a a. L aaa a aaa a a a

aaa. Da a aa a aa aa

aa. Da a aa aa , a a a a

a aa a. Ia aaa aa a a a a

aa.


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2011

I F

S a a aa a a, a L

a a a aa. Ka a L aaaa.

1. CF

Maaa aa a L aaa aa L a . Daa aa

aa L, Aa a aa a aa aa

aa. Sa a aaa a a aa a a aa aa

. I a aa L aa aa a

a aa a .

T aa, a a aa aa L aa , a a a

a a a aa aaa, a a a aa

. Baa, aa aa a a a a aa aa

a a aa aa.

2. Kaaa

Maaa a aaa aa L a aa aaa . L

aaa aa a a aa. Ia a aa

a a aa aa a aa . Ja

aa a a a, aa aa a aa, aa, a aa

a aa a. Sa , a aa aa aa aa PC

"" a , a aa a aa a a a a

.

3. Ga a a

Maaa a aa aa L aa aa a. Sa aa a,

a a a aa a aa aa. Ta aa , a

aa a a aa a a (aaa aa

aa).

4. Ka a aa aa

Maaa a a L aaa aa a a a a aa aa aa

V a a a aa aa , a

a aaa a PC a, aa a aa

aa a a a a. L a a a a

aaa a aa , aaa a a

aa a a.

5. Ka L

Ja a a aa aa L a, aa, a . L a a a . I aaa a a a a


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2011

I F

a. Ka aa a aa L, aa a aa a a

.

Saa a aaa aaa aaa aa aa a aa a a

aaa aa. Maaaa a a

, a aa aa a aa aa a aa.

Paa Aa aaa aaaa aaa "." I aaa aa a

aaa a a a a L. M a

aa, aa aa a a Aa aa a a a.

Sa aa aa a aa a a a

a Aa. Kaa aa aaa a a a a!

3.3.

SUSE L aaa aa a L a a a aa, a aaa

aa a a a aa a L Ta aa aa a L.

SUSE aaa a aaa Ja, a aa N. Sa , SUSE

aaa a aa a, S M a IBM.

SUSE aaa a E, a aa aa

aa a a aa . Ha a aa aa a, a aaa

SUSE a a U.S aa L, SUSE L aa

aa a . YaST a SaX aa a a a

a a a , aa a a a aa L

a U. Taa a aaa a a a aa ,a a aa SUSE L aa aa a a L a a,

aa a aa a a YaST a.

Paa a SUSE L a aa a a aa aaa

a, a a aa aa aa , a aa SUSE

L aaa aa a aa a aaa a . SUSE L

a aa a aa, aa a a a a a. I a

a a a a a aa L. Baa aaaa

aa SUSE L a aaa aa a a aaa.

N a L , a aa a aaa aa SUSE

L.Sa , S M aaa Jaa D, a a a aa

SUSE L. Baa, aa aa SUSE L. Ya aa a aaa

a SUSE. I a a a SUSE L a a aa a,

a aa a a SUSE, a aa N SUSE.


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2011

I F

3.3.1

S aa a, aa a aa a aa a

aa aa a a a a BIOS aa aa a CD/DVD

. V a aa a E 11.4 aa a aa .

1. BOOT

Maa DVD E 11.4 aa DVD , aa a aa

aa E a I.


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I F

2. INSTALASI

Laa 1:

Daa aa aa aa a aaa a a aa aa

aa a. P E (US) aaa a .

K aa aa , a aa aa aa a.


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2011

I F

Laa 2: Paa a

D aa a a a a a aa aa a a.

Aa aa a a a Naa aa aa a aa

aa a a. Aaa UTC. Paa aaa aa

a a aa a a a aa a a a aa, a aa aa aa a C. P

aa.


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2011

I F

Laa 3: Paa

S aa aa a a aaa aa aa ,

a aa a a a a a a aa YaST aa

aa aa aa a a a aa aa aa a

SUSE aa a a a a aa. Ba aa a a aa a a aa aa a aa a

a C .

P C , aa a aa a a a a

a aa. P a a a a a NTFS,

a aa a a a a a a NTFS aa aa a a a a a aa aa.

P a a a a a , a

a aa aa a a aa a

. Ta a a a aa aa a, a aa a

a a aaa a 2G aa. U a aa aa

a a a a a, E4 aa F a a / aa

.


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2011

I F


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2011

I F

Laa 4: Paa

Ia a aa aa a a a a, a .

a aa aa . Ka a . P

aa.

Kaa aa a aa a aa ,

aa a aa a .


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I F


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2011

I F

Laa 6: Iaa

YaST a a SUSE aa aa, a a aa aa

a , aa a aa DVD aa

SUSE.


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2011

I F

Laa 7: F

Sa a , aa aa YaST aa a a

a .

Laa 8: Aa a a aa

L a a a aa. D aa aa SUSE aa a

a a aa a a, aa a

a aa aa aa a X. Sa aa

aa aa .

A • ( aa )

• aa a aa

• a (aa aa )


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2011

I F

• S // E

• D (a a aaa)

• Da aa aaa aa

• A aa

• P a a a a

• N D N S

• E

• P IP, aa IP, a a a a a

• , a a a aa

.

• E a

• Ia a a a, a ..a.

• Ia a a a a

• E

• Ia a a a, 0

• O

• R a

S a E aa a aa.

3.3.2

L aa a GUI , aa aa aa a

aa a aa aa aa a aa . Saa aa aa Laa aa aa , aa L a a aa aa a .


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2011

I F

S aa a a aa , aa a a

a a . Da aa , L a aa

aa / a a aa aa a / aa

a a.

Daa aa aa a aa a aa aa aa a

aaa.

any_command --help Menampilkan keterangan bantu tentang pemakaian perintah."--help" sama dengan perintah pada DOS "/h".

ls

Melihat isi file dari direktori aktif. Pada linux perintah dir hanyaberupa alias dari perintah ls. Untuk perintah ls sendiri sering

dibuatkan alias ls --color , agar pada waktu di ls ditampilkan

warna-warna sesuai dengan file-filenya, biasanya hijau untukexecute, dsb.

cd directory Change directory. Menggunakan cd tanpa nama direktori akan

menghantarkan anda ke home direktori. Dan cd .. akan

menghantarkan anda ke direktori sebelumnya.cp source

destination Meng-copy suatu file

mv source

destination Memindahkan atau mengganti nama file

ln -s source

destination Membuat simbolic links

rm files Menghapus file

mkdir directory Membuat direktori baru

rmdir directory Menghapus direktori yang telah kosong, tambahkan opsi -R

untuk menghapus direktori yang tidak kosongtar -zxvf

filename.tar.gz Meng-untar sebuah file tar sekaligus meng-uncompress file

tersebut (*.tar.gz atau *.tgz), untuk meletakkannya direktori yg

diinginkan tambahkan opsi -C direktori, contoh tar -zxvf

filename.tar.gz -C /opt (meletakkan file tersebut di direktori

/opt

./program_name Menjalankan program pada direktori aktifps ax Melihat seluruh proses yang dijalankan, walaupun tanpa

terminal control, juga ditampilkan nama dari user untuk setiapproses.

top Melihat proses yang berjalan, dengan urutan penggunaan cpu.

echo $PATH Melihat isi dari variabel PATH. Perintah ini dapat digunakan

untuk menampilkan variabel environmen lain dengan baik.

Gunakan set untuk melihat environmen secara penuh.

clear Membersihkan layar.

pwd Melihat direktori kerja saat ini

shutdown -h now (sebagai root) Shut down sistem.


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I F

3.5

Sa a a a aa aa

aa aa. Kaa a aaa aaa aa

a aa aa a , aa aaa aa aa.

WRF a a aa a . Da a a aa

aa aa. Saa aa aaa a a NCDF, aa

NCDF a a aa a a a a.

Daa Ba aa aaa aa aaaa a WRF, a a a

aa aa aa WRF a .

3.5.1

D aa L aa aa aa a a a

a RPM. OSUSE a aa aa a a RPM a aa aa

a a a YaST => Sa => Sa Maa.

U aa a a a a YaST RPM a R, a a

a a aa a. U aa a a YaST

=> Sa => Sa R. La aa aa :

Daa aa a a . Maa aa a Ea

aa R a a . Da aa a Ea aa R aaa a CD ( ) .


70/105

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2011

I F

Na aaa aa aaa a a aa a aaa aaa

R .

Ba YaST => Sa => Sa Maa. La aa aa aa .

La a (aa a ) :

• Ca

• GCC (a)

• G

• B + 32

• F + 32

• Ja +

• L

• + + 32 + 32

• 1414

•

• + 32

•

• + + a + + +

•

• a

• + a

• 2


71/105

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2011

I F

La OK. Sa aa a a aa . Sa OK aa

aa a.

Sa a aa aa aa 2 a aa :

• ln –sf /usr/lib64/libg2c.so.0 /usr/lib64/libg2c.so

3.5.2

Sa a aa a a a a a

WRF aa WRF . Daa aa C a a aa aaa

PGI aa T Pa G, I. Aaa aaa aaa PGI aa

a a aaa .

• cd ~/src/ compiler/V11.7/Setup

• mkdir /usr/local/pgi

• ./install

Single system install

Installation directory : /usr/local/pgiInstall the ACML : n

Install CUDA Toolkit Components : n

Install JAVA JRE 6.0_21 : yes

Do you wish to install MPICH1 : n


72/105

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2011

I F

Sa a PGI, a a a aa a aa

aa PGI aa . Paa a aa a a a PGI a aa

aa. C a aa a a a a.

3.5.3

SZIP aaa a a aa HDF G a a

aa aa a.

• cd ~/src/compression

• tar -xvzf szip-2.1.tar.gz

• cd szip-2.1/

• ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/szip

• make > log 2>&1

• make check


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I F

• make install

3.5.4 1

U aaa a aa Uaa a a a aaa

aa a a a aa a .

• cd ~/src/file_format/Udunits/

• tar -xvzf udunits-1.12.11.tar.gz

• cd udunits-1.12.11/src/

• ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/udunits1

• make > log 2>&1

• make install

3.5.5 2

Saa U1. U2 aaa a a a U. U aaa

aa a aa a a aa aa a .

• cd ~/src/file_format/Udunits/

• tar -xvzf udunits-2.1.24.tar.gz

• cd udunits-2.1.24/

• ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/udunits2

• make > log 2>&1

• make install


74/105

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I F

3.5.6 4

HDF aa aaa a H D F , aaa aa a a a a

a aa a a a a aa a a.

Aaa aa C A, aa

HDF G a a aaa aa aa aa a

HDF 5, a aa aa aa aa a aa HDF.

• cd ~/src/file_format/HDF

• tar -xvzf hdf-4.2.6.tar.gz

• cd hdf-4.2.6

• ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/hdf4 --includedir=/usr/local/hdf4/include/hdf --with-szlib=/usr/local/szip --

disable-netcdf

• make > log 2>&1

• make check

• make install

3.5.7 5

HDF 5, a aa a aa HDF 4 aa, a aa aa a HDF

a 5. V HDF 5 aa aa aaa a HDF 4.

• cd ~/src/file_format/HDF

• tar -xvzf hdf5-1.8.7.tar.gz

• cd hdf5-1.8.7/

• vi ~/.bashrc


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I F

• source ~/.bashrc

• ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/hdf5 --with-szlib=/usr/local/szip

• make > log 2>&1

• make check

• make install

Sa aa a a. Kaa a a.

3.5.8

GRIB (GI B ) aaa a aa aa aa a aa aa

a a aa aaa aa. Fa aa a

aa a W Ma Oaa' C Ba S, a a

GRIB FM 92IX, a aa aa WMO Maa aa N. 306.

Saa aa a GRIB. V 0 aa aa aa

TOGA, a a a aa aa aa. E aa (aa 2)

aa aa a a ,

(NWP). Sa a a a aa, a aa GRIB a,

a aa aa aa a a . Baa GRIB a a aa

a aa a E a G . C a

aaa NAM ( A ) . GRIB aa A D F

(ADF).

Ia 2 a aa :

• cd ~/src/file_format/GRIB/• tar –xvf g2lib-1.2.2.tar


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I F

• cd g2lib-1.2.2/

• vi makefile

Edit sesuai dengan configurasi berikut :

baris 19

> INCDIR=-I/usr/include -I/usr/include/jasper -I/usr/include/libpng12

baris 78,80> DEFS=-DLINUXF90

> FC=pgf90

> CC=gcc

baris 88

> #CFLAGS=-O3 $(DEFS) $(INCDIR)

baris 93

> CFLAGS=-O3 $(DEFS) $(INCDIR) -D__64BIT__

• make

• cp libg2.a /usr/local/lib/

• ln –sf /usr/local/lib/libg2.a /usr/local/lib64/libg2.a

• ln –sf /usr/local/lib/libg2.a /usr/lib64/libg2.a

• ln –sf /usr/local/lib/libg2.a /usr/lib/libg2.a

• ln –sf /usr/local/lib/libg2.a /lib64/libg2.a

• ln –sf /usr/local/lib/libg2.a /lib/libg2.a

Ia 2 a aa :

• cd ~/src/file_format/GRIB/

• tar –xvf g2clib-1.2.2.tar

• cd g2clib-1.2.2/

• vi makefile

baris 20

> INC=-I/usr/include -I/usr/include/jasper -I/usr/include/libpng12

baris 30

> CC=gcc

• make

• cp grib2.h /usr/local/include/

• cp libgrib2c.a /usr/local/lib/

• ln –sf /usr/local/lib/libgrib2c.a /usr/local/lib64/libgrib2c.a

• ln –sf /usr/local/lib/libgrib2c.a /usr/lib64/libgrib2c.a

• ln –sf /usr/local/lib/libgrib2c.a /usr/lib/libgrib2c.a

• ln –sf /usr/local/lib/libgrib2c.a /lib64/libgrib2c.a

• ln –sf /usr/local/lib/libgrib2c.a /lib/libgrib2c.a

Ia 3 a aa :

• cd ~/src/file_format/GRIB/

• tar –xvf w3lib-2.0.tar

• cd w3lib-2.0/

• vi Makefile


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I F

baris 21-25

> F77 = pgf90

> FFLAGS = -g -O

> CFLAGS = -O -DLINUXF90

> CC = gcc

> ARFLAGS =

baris 35-39

> #F77 = g95

> #FFLAGS = -g -O

> #CFLAGS = -O -DLINUX

> #CC = cc

> #ARFLAGS =

• make

• cp libw3.a /usr/local/lib/

• ln –sf /usr/local/lib/libw3.a /usr/local/lib64/libw3.a

• ln –sf /usr/local/lib/libw3.a /usr/lib64/libw3.a

• ln –sf /usr/local/lib/libw3.a /usr/lib/libw3.a

• ln –sf /usr/local/lib/libw3.a /lib64/libw3.a• ln –sf /usr/local/lib/libw3.a /lib/libw3.a

3.5.9

NCDF ( C D F) aaa a a a a ,

a aa a aa, a a aa aa

a aa a. Fa a a Uaa C

A (UCAR), a a aa aa, aa aa a

a a CDF.

• cd ~/src/file_format/NetCDF/

• tar –xvzf netcdf-4.1.3.tar.gz

• cd netcdf-4.1.3/

• ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/netcdf --disable-dap --with-udunits --enable-hdf4 --disable-netcdf-4

• make > log 2>&1

• make check


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• make install

3.5.10

GADS (G A D ) aaa aa a a aa a a, aa a aa aa a. Fa aa aa a ,

GRIB, CDF, aa HDFSDS (S aa S). GADS aa a 4Da

Daa : , a, a a, a a.

• cd ~/src/graphic_tools/GrADS

• cp grads /usr/local/

3.5.11

NCL_NCARG aaa a a a a NCAR ( C A

) a a aaa CA C (NCL). NCARG aaa CA

G a a a aaa NCL a aa a a aa

aaa aa, aa aa aaa aa WRF.

• cd ~/src/graphic_tools

• tar –xvzf ncl_ncarg-6.0.0.tar.gz

• unzip triangle.zip

• cd ncl_ncarg-6.0.0

• export NCARG=`pwd`

• cd $NCARG/config

• make -f Makefile.ini


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I F

• vi LINUX

baris 15

> #define HdfDefines -DLINUX64

baris 22-25> #define FCompiler pgf90

> #define CtoFLibraries -lgcc -lm -L/usr/local/pgi/linux86-64/11.7/lib -

lpgf90 -lpgf90_rpm1 -lpgf90_rpm1_p -lpgf90rtl -lpgf902 -lpgftnrtl -lpghpf -

lpghpf2 -lpghpf_rpm1 -lC -lpgc -lpgmp -lnspgc -lstd -lrt -lc -lgcc -lm

> #define CcOptions -fPIC

> #define FcOptions -tp nehalem-64 -O -Msignextend -Mreentrant -fPIC -

D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64 -D_LARGEFILE_SOURCE

baris 28,29

> /*#define XLibrary -lX11 -lXext*/

> #define ExtraExportFlags -Wl,--export-dynamic

baris 31,32

> #define ArchRecLibSearch -L/usr/lib64 -L/usr/local/szip/lib -

L/usr/local/udunits2/lib -L/usr/local/hdf4/lib -L/usr/local/hdf5/lib -

L/usr/local/netcdf/lib

> #define ArchRecIncSearch -I/usr/include/X11 -I/usr/local/szip/include -

I/usr/local/udunits2/include -I/usr/local/hdf4/include -

I/usr/local/hdf5/include -I/usr/local/netcdf/include

• ./ymake -config `pwd`

• cd $NCARG

• mkdir /usr/local/ncarg

• chmod 777 /usr/local/ncarg

• cp ../triangle.* ni/src/lib/hlu/• ./Configure –v

Build NCL : y

Parent installation directory : /usr/local/ncarg

System temp space directory : /tmp

Build cairo support (optional) into GKS library : n

Build HDF4 support (optional) into NCL : y

Also build HDF4 support (optional) into raster library : y

Did you build HDF4 with szip support : y

Build Triangle support (optional) into NCL : y

If you are using NetCDF V4.x, did you enable NetCDF-4 support : n

Did you build NetCDF with OPeNDAP support : n

Build GDAL support (optional) into NCL : n

Build Udunits-2 support (optional) into NCL : y

Build Vis5d+ support (optional) into NCL : n

Build HDF-EOS2 support (optional) into NCL : n

Build HDF5 support (optional) into NCL : n

Build HDF-EOS5 support (optional) into NCL : n

Build GRIB2 support (optional) into NCL : y

Enter local library search path(s) : (default)

Enter local include search path(s) : (default)

Save current configuration : y

• make everything >& make-output &

• chmod 755 /usr/local/ncarg


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I F

3.5.12 2

MPICH aaa a MPI a, a a aa a a aa

a a aa aa a aa. MPICH aaa aa a a

a ( ) a aa a a a U ( L a Ma OS X) a

M W.

• cd ~/src/mpi

• tar –xvzf tar -xvzf mpich2-1.4.1p1.tar.gz

• export F90=””

• ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/mpich2-1.4

• make > log 2>&1

• make install

• vi ~/.mpd.conf

MPD_SECRETWORD=pelatihanWRF128

• chmod 600 ~/.mpd.conf

3.6

3.6.1

S C a WRF aa aaa aa a a

(://..a.///), a aa aa aa a

. Kaa aa aa a aa WRFaa. Sa aa aa aa WRF

://..a.///.

://...///


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I F

WRF a a aa aa aa a a a 4 aa. Ya

WRFV3 , a WPS, ARW, a Daa. F WRFV3 aaa a

aa aa WRF a. Saa a aa WRF aa

aa WPS. Saa ARW aaa a a aa

WRF.

Da aa a a aa a . Sa a

Daa aa a a, a a aa GFS a a

. Saa aa Daa a aa aa a WRF.

Saa aa :

1. A A3.., F3.3.1.A., 3.3.1.A., 3.3..,

a a .

2. Ea a a a aa a .

3. La a a a GD.. a a ../GD..

3.6.2

• :

1. Ma WRFV3 a aaa a

2. P 4 aa a a.

3. P a aa aa aa aaa aa aa aa a.

4. La WRF a aa a ./ .

5. Ba a aa . a . a WRF a a

.

• :

1. Ma WPS a a aa a a.

2. Jaaa a a a 10 (PC L 86_64 (IA64 a O),

PGI 5.2 , a) aa aa aa a a aa aa.

3. E .WPS a a aa aa .

a. L 23:L//X11R6/64 X11

. L 64:

FFLAGS = M a O =

F77FLAGS = M a O =

LDFLAGS = =

CC =

SCC =

CFLAGS = O PIC

NCARG_LIBS2 = L$PGI/8664/11.7/ \

4. C WPS a aa a ./. Aa aa a aa

a a aa ./compile > log 2>&1


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I F

5. Kaa a aa a . Da aa WPS a aa

., ., a . aa WPS a.

6. La Va a a aa a

/Vaa_Ta/Va.GFS Va

• A:

1. Ma ARW a a aa a a.

2. Jaaa a a a 1 aa aa aa a a aa

aa.

3. Ua .a. aaa = aa a a.

4. Ua Ma a aa . Ua a a

5. C ARW a aa a ./.

6. Kaa a aa a . Da aa ARW a aa

ARW. aa ARW a.

Ba aa a aa aa. Ca a aa . (Baaa

a aa a aa a a aa ./ >

2>&1). Maa a a a aa aa aa aa a a

a .

Ba aa a a aa a aa , a

aa aa aaa aa a WRF a aa WRF

(://.. ). Maa a aa a a WRF.


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F

BAB 4 MENJALANKAN MODEL WRF

UNTUK PREDIKSI

4.1

LANGKAH SETTING MODEL

Taa aa aa a a WRF. Daa aa a a

aa WPS a . a aaa a a aa .

Aa a aa a TERRAIN a MM5 a a a

a a a a a. Na aa a aa a a aa

a a GUI a WRF.

WRF Da Wa aaa a a aa a aa aa aa a NOAA a aa WRFa.. Kaa a aa

aa a a a a a a, a aa

a, a aaa WPS aa a. Sa a WRF Da

Wa aa a aa WRF.

WRF Da Wa aa aa OS aaaa aaa a Jaa R

E (JRE). U aa a a a

(://.aa./aa/), a SSE aa a aa1_6_0 a aa

1_5_0a a a RPM, a a a . La

aa .

• U WRFDaWa.. Paa aa aa a a

. Paa aa a WRFDaWa., a

+ _DaWa.

• Jaaa Da Wa. Paa a a _DaWa.a. Paa

a ./_DaWa. Sa aa aa a

aa.

BAB 4


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F

. 1

• K WPS Pa

. 2

• WRF a a aa SSH aa a a .

Maa C a aaa aa IP a . Aa a aaaa aa aa a.


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2011

F

. 3

• La aa WPS aa, a a C.

. 4

• La aa aaa aa a (Gaa D. 1). K Ga a aa

a aa a aa GEOG. Ta C (Gaa D. 4).


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2011

F

. 5

• K Da aa aaa aa (Gaa D. 1). La aa a a aa

a a WRF Da Wa. Paa a

aa //a18/aa//a/ (Gaa D. 5).

Ta C.


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2011

F

. 6

• Sa a OK aa aaa aa (Gaa D. 1). Haaa aa aa aa Gaa D. 6. P N Da a a N.

. 7

• Maa aa a a Da. Ta N.


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F

. 8

• P aa Ia aa a aa a aa aaa. La T aa P O. La a Ua Ma.


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F

. 9

• Sa a G a () a 27. Da aa .Pa a a a a a Ha X a

Ha Y a aa aa a aa a

a. La a a N.

• Aa Gaa D. 11. Ta N.


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F

. 10

• Paa Pa ID aaa 1. La G a a a aaa 3. Da a

Ga aa a 2. La OK a aa.

. 11


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F

• La aaa a 2 a a a a aa.

. Ta N.

. 12

• La aa a. a. WRF. La a a

aa a aa . B aaa C aa .

o run_days = 0,

o run_hours = 48,

o run_minutes = 0,

o run_seconds = 0,

o start_year = 2011, 2011,

o start_month = 11, 11,

o start_day = 1, 1,

o start_hour = 0, 0,

o start_minute = 00, 00,

o start_second = 00, 00,

o end_year = 2011, 2011,

o end_month = 11, 11,

o end_day = 3, 3,

o end_hour = 0, 0,

o end_minute = 00, 00,

o end_second = 00, 00,

o interval_seconds = 10800, o time_step = 60,

• La aa aa a aaa. Ta aa a

aa aaa a a. Ta N.


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F

• La Aa Gaa D. 15. K S D aa C P

Vaa U a M.

. 13

• P a aa GFS aa. La a C.

. 14

• La S F aa Haaa aa. Da aa a

Gaa D. 14. Kaa a aa aa WRF aa 48 a a

GFS aa 48 a a aa. Ta OK.


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F

. 15

• La aa aaa aa Sa Da, E Da, a Ia aaaa. La K , , a aa a (

).

• Sa. F ( WRF) a a. ( a

WRF) a aa WRF Da Wa. Saa a

a $WRFDIR/.

1. Ma aa ../F3/.

2. . ..1

3. .

4. $D/. .

5. . a . a

6. Ma aa a a a a a.

7. Jaaa .

8. .

A

1. a a.ARWPOST, aa , , aa aa a

a, , a a.

2. ./A.


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F

4.2

Paa aaa aa WRF aa aa aa a. aa

WRFV3/. Baa a aaa aa aa a :

&physics

mp_physics = 3, 3,

ra_lw_physics = 1, 1,

ra_sw_physics = 1, 1,

radt = 30, 30,

sf_sfclay_physics = 1, 1,

sf_surface_physics = 2, 2,

bl_pbl_physics = 1, 1,

bldt = 0, 0,

cu_physics = 1, 1,

cudt = 5, 5,

isfflx = 1,

ifsnow = 0,

icloud = 1,

surface_input_source = 1,

num_soil_layers = 4,

sf_urban_physics = 0, 0,

maxiens = 1,

maxens = 3,

maxens2 = 3,

maxens3 = 16,

ensdim = 144,

/

U aaa a a aaa aa a a aa

a aa a a a a aa :

mp_physics microphysics option

= 1, Kessler scheme

= 2, Lin et al scheme

= 3, WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme

= 4, WRF Single-Moment 5-class scheme

= 5, Eta microphysics

= 6, WRF Single-Moment 6 class scheme= 7, Goddard microphysics scheme

= 8, New Thompson et al scheme

= 9, Milbrandt-Yau Double-Moment 7-class scheme

= 10, Morrison doble –moment 5-class scheme

= 14, WRF Double-Moment 5-class scheme

= 16, WRF Double-Moment 6-class scheme

= 13, Stony Brook University (Y.Lin) scheme

= 98, Thompson scheme in V3.0


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F

Saa aaa a a :

U aaa , a aa aaa :

Pa a aaa a:

Pa a aaa (B) a :

bl_pbl_physics (max_dom) boundary-layer option

= 0, no boundary-layer

= 1, YSU scheme

= 2, Mellor-Yamada-Janjic TKE scheme

= 3, NCEP Global Forecast System scheme (NMM only)

= 4, QNSE

= 5, MYNN 2.5 level TKE

= 6, MYNN 3rd level TKE

= 7, ACM2 (Pleim) PBL (ARW)

= 8, Dougeault and Lacarrere (BouLac) TKE

= 9, Bretherton-Park/UW TKE scheme

= 10, TEMF

= 99, MRF scheme (to be removed)

ra_lw_physics (max_dom) longwave radiation option

= 0, no longwave radiation

= 1, rrtm scheme

= 3, CAM scheme

= 4, rrtmg scheme

= 5, Goddard scheme= 99, GFDL (Eta) longwave (semi-supported)

ra_sw_physics (max_dom) shortwave radiation option= 0, no shortwave radiation

= 1, Dudhia scheme

= 2, (old) Goddard shortwave scheme

= 3, CAM scheme

= 4, rrtmg scheme

= 5, Goddard scheme

= 99, GFDL (Eta) longwave (semi-supported)

cu_physics (max_dom) cumulus parameterization option

= 1, Kain-Fritsch scheme

= 2, Betts-Miller-Janjic (BMJ) scheme

= 3, Grell-Devenyi (GD) ensemble scheme= 4, Simplified Arakawa-Schubert scheme

= 5, Grell 3D scheme

= 6, Tiedtke scheme (U. of Hawaii version)

= 7, Zhang-McFarlane scheme

= 14, New Simplified Awakawa-Schubert scheme

= 99, Old Kain-Fritsch scheme


96/105

2

4.3

Saa a aa a

GADS ( G A

a/aa

Daa a

a. U

aa a a a

U a/a

a

Caa a

Daa ,

aa a a

(^) a aa . N

X, a

Vaa aaa a

aa aa

a, a aa

Sa a

aa a

aa.

Daa GADS, a

aa a) a ,

a

aa aa aa

set lat|lon|lev|t

set x|y|z|t val1

11

aa a a aa

D ), a a

aa a a a.

aa aa aa a

aaa aa aa aa aa

.

a aa aa GADS, a aa a

aa a . a a

aa a a aa .

aa a aa gridded_dat

aa a . F

a aa a a aa a aaa

90 Y, 10 a, 4 aa

aa (a a a

a aa Z=1. Vaa a

6 a (a 1000 30

, a a aa aa aa

aa aa GADS. Ba . a

.

a a aa aa aa 4

, , a . Paaa a

a aa a a a. U a

a .

| | | me val1 atau

val2>

90

F

a aa aaa

a a aa

a

aa a a

a aa aaa

a aa .

a_sample.dat, a

aa aa

9.9933, aa 180

a, a 4 aa.

a), a

a 10

).

a GADS. K a

a a a

(5D a aa

aa aa

a


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F

Contoh :

set lon -180 0 a aa a 180W 0

set lat 0 90 a aa a a 0 90N

set lev 500 a aa aa aa 500

set t 1 a aa aa aa aa a a aaa aa

Ka a aa aa aa a , aa aa aa aa a a

a aa. C :

set lon 5

set lat 10

set lev 800

set t 1

Ja aa a a a, aa aa aa aa 1D, aa

aa a aa .

set lon 5

set lat 10

set lev 800

set t 1 30

Ka aa a a a, aa aa aa 2D, aa aa

aa aa aa.

set lon 90 150

set lat -15 15

set lev 800

set t 1

Ka, a aa a aa, aa a aa a

a ‘d nama variabel’. Maa, a aa aa a aa

a ‘d temp’, a aa aa a a aa a ‘d slp’. Naa

aa a aa a . C aa 2D a aa aa

aa aa aa .


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F

2

O WRF aa GADS aa ARW. O aa a

a a GADS. O aa GADS aa aa 2 , a a

.a aa aa aa a, a . aa

a a. U a aa aa GADS a aa .

GADS a aa , a a , a a C. Ca

GADS aa a . U a aa a grads. Sa

aa aa a a aa aa aa aa aa

. Ka a .. a a open namafile.ctl. U a

aa aa a a q file aa aa . Sa

a aa a a q dim.

GADS a aa aaa a a GADS a aa ..

U aaa aa aaa a a a aa a

a a grads –blc namafile.gs . Daa GADS a a GADS

aa aa 'perintah'. Saa aa a aa *.

B a GADS :

A

1. Maa Ta

S aa a a aa a a aa a a . Ja aa aa aa a

aa , a aa. Na aa aa aa

aaa a a aa.

*script menggambar temperature wilayah di waktu tertentu

'open domain01.ctl' (buka file ctl)

'c' (perintah clear gambar, jika ada gambar

sebelumnya)

*contoh temperature di Indonesia

'set lat -15 5' (setting wilayah lintang)

'set lon 90 150' (setting wilayah bujur)


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F

'set z 1' (setting level vertical z ke-…)

'set t 1' (setting di langkah waktu ke-…)

'set gxout shaded' (setting graphic output)

'd tc' (display temperature 2 meter)

'draw title Temperatur Indonesia\Tanggal 1 Januari 2011 00z'(menulis judul

gambar)

'draw xlab Bujur' (menulis label koordinat axis x)

'draw ylab Lintang' (menulis label koordinat ordinat y)

'cbarn' (menggambar keterangan gambar colour bar)

'set gxout contour' (setting graphic output kontur)

'set clab off' (setting label kontur on/off)

'd tc' (display temperature 2 meter)

'printim Temperatur_Ina.gif white'(print image dengan format gif dan latar

belakang putih)

'c' (perintah clear gambar)

'quit' (perintah keluar grads)

2. Maa Ha

Kaa aa a (aa a) aa a aa aa a, aa

a a a a aa a , a a a aaa

a a. Ya a a a a a a a a

a.

S a a = a(=2) a(=1).

S aa a a aa a 2 aa =2.

*script menggambar hujan wilayah di waktu tertentu



sebelumnya)

*contoh hujan di Indonesia


'set lon 90 150' (setting wilayah bujur)

'set mpdset hires' (setting map display hires high resolution)

'set grads off' (mematikan fitur grads yang muncul)

'set csmooth on' (smoothing gambar)

'set clevs 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 225 250 275 300' (setting colour

level)

'set z 1' (setting level vertical z ke-…)

'set t 1' (setting di langkah waktu ke-…)

'set gxout shaded' (setting graphic output)

'define rc0=rainc' (menetapkan variable baru rc0 yang merupakan

nilai variable rain dengan setting sebelumnya,

t=1 dan z=1)

'set t 2'

'd rainc-rc0' (display curah hujan di waktu ke 2 – curahhujan di waktu ke 1 rc0)


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F

'draw title Hujan Indonesia\Tanggal 1 Januari 2011 00z'(menulis judul gambar)

'draw xlab Bujur' (menulis label koordinat axis x)

'draw ylab Lintang' (menulis label koordinat ordinat y)

'cbarn' (menggambar keterangan gambar colour bar)

'set gxout contour' (setting graphic output kontur)

'set clab off' (setting label kontur on/off)

'd rainc-rc0'

'printim Hujan_Ina.gif white' (print image dengan format gif dan latar

belakang putih)

'undefine rc0' (menghapus penetapan variable yang dibuat)

'c' (perintah clear gambar)

'quit' (perintah keluar grads)

3. Maa V A

U aa a, aaa aa aa aa a. S

aa aa a aa , aa a aa

a aa a a ' ' a ' ' .

*script menggambar vector angin wilayah di waktu tertentu



sebelumnya)

*contoh angin di Indonesia


'set lon 90 150' (setting wilayah buj

modul pelatihan wrf 2011

Documents