materi 3
TRANSCRIPT
MATERI 3. VIABILITAS DAN VIGOR BENIH
I. PENDAHULUAN
Viabilitas adalah kemampuan benih atau daya hidup benih untuk tumbuh secara normal
pada kondisi optimum. Kondisi optimum yang dimaksud adalah kondisi yang sesuai kebutuhan
tanaman untuk mendukung proses perkecambahan. Uji viabilitas benih dilakukan dengan
beberapa metode, yaitu uji kertas digulung (UKD), uji antar kertas (UAK), dan uji diatas kertas
(UDK). Kertas substrat yang dapat digunakan untuk uji ini adalah kertas buram, kertas merang,
dan kertas stensil. Kriteria kecambah pada uji viabilitas adalah kecambah normal, abnormal,
benih mati,benih segar tidak tumbuh, dan benih keras.
Vigor benih adalah kemampuan benih untuk dapat tumbuh secara normal pada kondisi
suboptimum. Kondisi suboptimum adalah kondisi yang tidak mendukung dan menghambat
perkecambahan benih. Uji vigor dilakukan dengan menanam benih pada media tanam berupa
pasir, kerikil, pecahan batu bata, tanah, kompos, dll. Kriteria kecambah pada uji vigor dibagi
menjadi vigor, less vigor, non vigor/abnormal, dan death (mati). Selanjutnya pada uji ini
dilakukan perhitungan persentase daya tumbuh benih dari keseluruhan benih yang ditanam pada
media dengan kondisi suboptimum.
II. TUJUAN PRAKTIKUM
Tujuan dari praktikum viabilitas dan vigor benih ini adalah untuk mengetahui dan mengamati
gejala pertumbuhan pada benih.
III. BAHAN DAN METODE
A. Viabilitas Benih
Alat : Bahan :
- Cawan - Benih Tanaman
- Sprayer - Kertas buram
- Pinset - Kertas merang
- Gunting - Plastik
- Germinator - Air
- Kertas label
- Kamera
- Alat tulis
B. Vigor Benih
Alat : Bahan :
- Bak pasir - Benih Tanaman
- Penggaris - Air
- Kamera - Pasir
- Alat tulis
- sprayer
Metode Uji Viabilitas
a. Uji Kertas Digulung (UKD), Untuk benih besar : tanaman pangan seperti jagung.
Uji Kertas Digulung didirikan ((UKDd), jika media kertas yang digunakan
digulung dan diletakkan dalam germinator dengan posisi berdiri.
Uji Ketas Digulung didirikan dalam plastik (UKDdp), media kertas yang
digunakan dilapisi plastik diletakkan dalam germinator dengan posisi berdiri.
Uji Kertas Digulung dimiringkan (UKDm), jika diletakkan dalam germinator
dengan posisi tidur.
b. Uji Antar Kertas (UAK) untuk benih besar dan kecil : tanaman pangan dan sayuran
(cabai, semangka,dll)
c. Uji Diatas Kertas (UDK) untuk benih kecil : sayuran : bayam dan wijen
Kriteria kecambah pada uji viabilitas :
a. Normal (N) tumbuh sempurna dan lengkap, sehat
b. Abnormal (Ab)
Cacat : akar pendek (salah satu bagian kecambah hilang)
Rusak : ada struktur/bagian tanaman yang hilang/tidak ada, e.g kotiledon/ perakaran
putus
Busuk : akibat serangan/kontaminasi hama dan penyakit
Lambat : pertumbuhan kecambah tidak normal (kerdil) dan lebih lambat pada akhir
pengamatan
c. Benih Mati kecambah mati
d. Benih Segar Tidak Tumbuh benih mengembang, tidak tumbuh plumula (mengalami
imbibisi)
e. Benih Keras dormansi : tidak mengalami imbibisi karena kulit keras
Kriteria kecambah pada uji vigor :
a. Vigor kecambah tumbuh kuat (segar)
b. Less vigor tumbuh kurang kuat dan lambat
c. Non vigor/ abnormal tumbuh lemah, batang lemas
d. Death kecambah mati atau tidak tumbuh
Rumus uji vigor
METODE PRAKTIKUM
A. UJI VIABILITAS
Uji Antar Kertas (UAK) (2 ulangan)
Kertas buram
4 lembar (2 alas, 2 tutup)
Dibuat lingkaran dan dibasahi
Letakkan benih pada kertas
Dimasukkan di dalam cawan
Dokumentasi
Tumpuk
Amati 7 hst
- Uji Diatas Kertas (UDK) (2 ulangan)
Kertas buram dan kertas merang
4 lembar
Dibuat kotak
Dilembabkan dibagi dua
Tanam benih
Dokumentasi
Amati 7 hst(disiram tiap hari)
- UKDdp (2 ulangan)
Kertas buram
2 lembar alas dilapisi plastic bawahnya
2 lembar tutup
Dilembabkan
Tanam benih
Dokumentasi
Digulung dimasukkan dalam plastik
Germinator
Amati 7 hst
B. UJI VIGOR
Bak pasir, isi dengan pasir hitam
Lembabkan
Tanam benih sebanyak 20 benih
Kedalaman 2cm, 3cm, 4cm, 5cm @ 5benih
Amati selama 5 hari
Dokumentasi
Hitung % Daya Tumbuh
IV. HASIL PENGAMATAN
IV.1 HASIL
A. Uji Viabilitas
UAK
1. Benih Baru
Parameter Pengamatan Ulangan 1 % Ulangan 2 %
Normal (N)
Abnormal (Ab)
Benih Mati (BM)
Benih Segar Tidak Tumbuh (BSTT)
Benih Keras (BK)
2. Benih Expired
Parameter Pengamatan Ulangan 1 % Ulangan 2 %
Normal (N)
Abnormal (Ab)
Benih Mati (BM)
Benih Segar Tidak Tumbuh (BSTT)
Benih Keras (BK)
UDK
1. Benih Baru
Parameter Pengamatan Ulangan 1 % Ulangan 2 %
Normal (N)
Abnormal (Ab)
Benih Mati (BM)
Benih Segar Tidak Tumbuh (BSTT)
Benih Keras (BK)
2. Benih Expired
Parameter Pengamatan Ulangan 1 % Ulangan 2 %
Normal (N)
Abnormal (Ab)
Benih Mati (BM)
Benih Segar Tidak Tumbuh (BSTT)
Benih Keras (BK)
UKDdp
1. Benih Baru
Parameter Pengamatan Ulangan 1 % Ulangan 2 %
Normal (N)
Abnormal (Ab)
Benih Mati (BM)
Benih Segar Tidak Tumbuh (BSTT)
Benih Keras (BK)
2. Benih Expired
Parameter Pengamatan Ulangan 1 % Ulangan 2 %
Normal (N)
Abnormal (Ab)
Benih Mati (BM)
Benih Segar Tidak Tumbuh (BSTT)
Benih Keras (BK)
Perhitungan persentase perkecambahan
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
B. Uji Vigor
Parameter PengamatanKedalaman
2 cm 3 cm 4 cm 5 cm
Vigor
Less-vigor
Non-Vigor/abnormal
Benih Mati (tidak tumbuh)
DOKUMENTASI
IV.2 PEMBAHASAN
IV.2.1 Uji Viabilitas
IV.2.1.1 Benih Baru
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
IV.2.1.2 Benih Expired
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
IV.2.1.3 Perbandingan Perlakuan UDK antara Media Kertas Buram dan Kertas
Merang
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
IV.2.2 Uji Vigor
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
\
V. KESIMPULAN
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................