materi-1 intro tekref
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MATA KULIAH : TEKNIK
REFINERY
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1.PERKENALAN
2. PENDAHULUAN :
• SISTEM PERKULIAHAN & PENILAIAN
• REFERENSI
3. SEJARAH PERMINYAKAN & PENGOLAHAN
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1. SISTEM PERKULIAHAN & PENILAIAN
KULIAH :
• TATAP MUKA
• TUGAS MANDIRI/KELOMPOK,
• KUNJUNGAN LAPANGAN
PENILAIAN :
• KEHADIRAN (10!
• "UI#/TUGAS (20!
• UTS (30!,
• UAS ($0!,
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1. Prasad, Ram, (2000), Petroleum Refining Technology ,Delhi, First edition, Khanna Publisher
2. R%') A. M'*'+ : Handbook Of PetroleumRening Processes
3. S-' : )''), .
REFERENSI :
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MATERI PERKULIAHAN
TP!K "#$#%#&'#TR! 1 !ntrodu*si Per*uliahan dan %e+arah Penemuan 'ina* "umi
'#TR! 2 Kara*teristi* 'ina* "umi
'#TR! 3 Kara*teristi* "isnis Pen-olahan Re/iner
'#TR! 4 enis+enis Proses Pen-olahan 'ina* "umi
'#TR! 5 Proses Pen-olahan (Distillasi dan Treatin-)
'#TR! Proses Pen-olahan (ra*in-)
'#TR! Proses 6en-olahan (Re/ormin-)
'#TR! 7 Penan-anan 8 %6esi/i*asi Produ*
'#TR! 9 Peralatan Proses (tan*i, *olom, 6om6a, blo:er, *om6ressor)'#TR! 10 Peralatan Proses (#lat Penu*ar Panas, Rea*tor, Reei;er)
'#TR! 11 n-ineerin- Dra:in- (PFD, P 8 !D)
'#TR! 12 %arana Penun+an- Proses (<tilities)
'#TR! 13 Pen-olahan =imbah Proses
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SEJARAH PENEMUAN MINYAK UMI
M*4 - (- 5+ I66+ P')%'-, 5+) :
P')+ 7 46 & %'- 7 -*4! 5 8 4'),8%4) 6'9 ) 4'5)-, *6 -5 )'4.
M*4 - )'5 4' +'4 -.S''- 44 9'6'%,-*4 - +5 64 +'6) 9'6 %'5 9+4 A';' Y6 A66 (3<= > 323 SM!. P ?9''-* -*4 - 4' 4'9'-4 -' '-'+ +')
%%6 6+ - '+'@%64.M) )- -*4 - 5 +'6 5 4
+-' ''6 *6 96 %-, +-96+-' ''6 +'9') : )'6 , 6, -)5,4, ''6 9+ -, %-++, 6'%-6/), .
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PEMENTUKAN/PROSES TERJADINYA MINYAK UMI
1. T'% %6''++ :
2. T'% A%6''++
T'% %6''++ (M8B, 1C<!
M*4 - '+ )-5
)-5. T'% 46 %'5 ML-+%?, N'? ''*, E6', %%4,' H%', 5? -*4 6+ - '+ %6+-' )(%+! *6 )'5 -) ')))5 *6 -'-')4+'5 9+ - 9') -
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PEMENTUKAN/PROSES TERJADINYA MINYAK UMI
T'% A%6''++ (%64! :
)5'%) (1==! -'6'-445? - -*4 - )'9)%6- 4, *6 - 4''+ '6 )'-9') )66 4
'+')5 '6 O2 -'-')4+')'.
M'''*'@ (1CC! -'6'-445? -*4 - )'')4 4)9'65 4' 9 9 4
4 %6- - -.
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EKSPLORASI DAN EKSPLOITASI MINYAK UMI
'? 9''- +)+4'%+'' %'5 -? A 9 1000M.
D)4 '6 9''- -*4%'5 A5- G'+' 91<2
P 1<, K%%' E? L. D4'-'44 9'6'% -*4 -
T)+@', P'+*@, USA 94'- =0 ) (21 -!.
K''5+ )'+') -'%%69'8 -*4 +'5 .
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PRIMARY REOERY MINYAK UMI
K'--9 R'8%@'* : 20 > 30 )%)86
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SEONDARY REOERY MINYAK UMI
K'--9 R'8%@'* : <0 > =0 )%)86
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PERKIRAAN SEARAN DAN JUMLAH ADANGANMINYAK UMI
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REALISASI DAN PROYEKSI PRODUKSI MINYAK UMI
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SEARAN DAN JUMLAH ADANGAN MINYAK UMI(% +!
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PENGHASIL DAN PENGEKSPOR UTAMA MINYAK UMI(J) /*!
Diurut*an umlah 6rodu*si 200)1. Arab saudi - 10,665
2. Rusia - 9,667
3. Amerika Serikat2 - 8,331
4. Iran - 4,148
5. Repubik Rak!at "ina - 3,858
6. #eksik$ - 3,7077. %anada - 3,288
8. &ni 'mirat Arab - 3,0
9. (ene)uea - 2,803
10. *$r+eia - 2,786
11. %u+ait - 2,675
12. *ieria - 2,443
13. rasi - 2,166
14. Aa)air - 2,122
15. Irak - 2,008
<rutan umlah an- die*s6or 200)> 1 Arab saudi - 8,651 > 2 Rusia - 6,565> 3 *$r+eia - 2,524> 4 Iran - 2,519 > 5 &ni 'mirat Arab - 2,515
> 6 (ene)uea - 2,203 > 7 %u+ait - 2,150 > 8 *ieria - 2,146 > 9 Aa)air - 1,847 > 10 #eksik$ - 1,676> 11 /ib!a - 1,525 > 12 Irak - 1,438 > 13 An$a - 1,365 > 14 %a)akstan - 1,114> 15 %anada - 1,071
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PERANDINGAN ADANGAN ENERGI FOSIL DUNIADAN INDONESIA
Gas Bumi
O)5'+(3,1 !
N%)5A-'4(2$,3 !
)
O)5'+(20,$!
R++(3,!
Indonesia (1,4!
M'E+)
(33,!
N%)5A-'4(<,=!
Indonesia
(",1!
R++(23,$ !
I50/11,1
Min#a$
Indonesia(%,&!
M'E+)
(=$,0!
F%-' S%@')U% (=,3!
N%)5A-'8(,0!
O)5'+(1,!
5(2,3!
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Source: BP Statistics.
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Source: BP Statistics.
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SUPPLY DAN DEMAND ENERGY
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PERANDINGAN PORSI KONSUMSI ENERGIDUNIA INDONESIA
?as
21.2@
&ulear
.9@
$dro
2.2@ ther
0.5@
obustible Rene:ables 8
Aaste
10.9@
oal
23.3@
il
35.0@
ther inludes -eothermal,
solar, :ind, heat et
unia Ind$nesia
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PERKEMANGAN TEKNOLOGI PEMROSESAN MINYAKUMI
• P%+'+ 9'6%5 -*4 -, '? +)+, )9 4++ -*4 - -' '+'+ 5*%8% *6 ''
• K6 9' *6 4 9 )5 1=1,-'-9%4+ 4'%+'' +) 4%%- +)+
+''5..P%4 +-96* '9 ) 95)5. P'4'-6 '4)* -''-45? 565B)* 8)6 %+ 9) 5+4 9%+'+ +)+ @8-
• P 9'4'-6 '4)*, )'9) 5
*6 +6) *) -'-8 -'5 5 ,*) : 9''- )'6 +)4, -'49'-) )4 4'%+'' 9''- -'+'6 )'8%-+)%, *6 -'%%6-8* 4')5 )'59 '+' 6+%'
(95)5!.
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Year Process name Process purpose Process by-products
1862 Atmospheric distillation Produce kerosene Naphtha, tar, etc.
1870 Vacuum distillation Lubricants ori!inal" #rackin! $eedstocks 1%&0s" Asphalt, residual #oker $eedstocks
1%1& 'hermal crackin! (ncrease !asoline )esidual, bunker $uel
1%16 *+eetenin! )educe sulphur and odour *ulphur
1%&0 'hermal re$ormin! (mproe octane number )esidual
1%&2 -dro!enation )emoe sulphur *ulphur
1%&2 #okin! Produce !asoline base stocks #oke
1%&& *olent e/traction (mproe lubricant iscosit inde/ Aromatics
1%& *olent de+a/in! (mproe pour point a/es
1%& #ataltic polmeriation (mproe !asoline ield and octane number Petrochemical $eedstocks
1%&7 #ataltic crackin! -i!her octane !asoline Petrochemical $eedstocks
1%&% Visbreakin! )educe iscosit (ncreased distillate, tar
1%30 Alklation (ncrease !asoline octane and ield -i!h4octane aiation !asoline
1%30 (someriation Produce alklation $eedstock Naphtha
1%32 5luid cataltic crackin! (ncrease !asoline ield and octane Petrochemical $eedstocks
1%0 easphaltin! (ncrease crackin! $eedstock Asphalt
1%2 #ataltic re$ormin! #onert lo+4ualit naphtha Aromatics
1%3 -drodesulphuriation )emoe sulphur *ulphur
1%6 (nhibitor s+eetenin! )emoe mercaptan isulphides
1%7 #ataltic isomeriation #onert to molecules +ith hi!h octane number Alklation $eedstocks
1%60 -drocrackin! (mproe ualit and reduce sulphur Alklation $eedstocks
1%73 #ataltic de+a/in! (mproe pour point a/
1%7 )esidual hdrocrackin! (ncrease !asoline ield $rom residual -ea residuals
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SEJARAH PENEMUAN MINYAK UMI DI INDONESIA
S'5 +) 9'-*4 -%' I%'+ +' ? 9 )5)4 5 '+'6 9''--*4 - P'+*@, USA.
P )5 1C0 P. 4, +'%6'6'' ' '5 P?% J? T'65, )'9)* D'+N6-, -' 9'6-)'-'+'-'+ -*4 9'-4 )5
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SEJARAH PENEMUAN MINYAK UMI DI INDONESIA
T#$<& PRK'"#&?#&170 Penemuan 'ina* di Pur:odadi, a:a Ten-ah
171 <saha 6ertama 6en-eboran mina* di !ndonesia, dila*u*an di irebon.Karena hasilna sedi*it, *emudian ditutu6.
1773 Konsesi 6ertama 6en-usahaan mina* diserah*an %ultan =an-*at *e6ada #eil*o . Bi+l*er untu* daerah Tela-a %aid de*at Pan-*alan "randan.
1775 Produ*si 6ertama Tela-a %aid, an- *emudian diusaha*an oleh CRoalDuthC
1790 Dibentu* CKonin*li+*eC untu* men-usaha*an mina* di %umatera <tara.
1792 Kilan- mina* di Pan-*alan "randan an- diban-un CRoal DuthCbero6erasi
1797 Kilan- mina* "ali*6a6an mulai bero6erasi
1799 =a6an-an mina* Perla*, *onsesi baru dari CKonin*li+*eC mulaimen-hasil*an.
1900 Kilan- mina* Pla+u mulai be*er+a.
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SEJARAH PENEMUAN MINYAK UMI DI INDONESIA
T#$<& PRK'"#&?#&
190 Konin*li+*eE dan %hell Trans6ort and Tradin- om6anE ber-abun-men+adi "P'
1911 "P' memban-un instalasi 6en-lahan mina* di se*itar e6u.
191 %T#&# menemu*an mina* di Daerah Talan- #*ar, Pendo6o (%umsel).
1920 "P' mem6eroleh *ontra* untu* men-usaha*an daerah +ambi, dibentu*&!#', den-an modal 5050 antara "P' den-an $india "elanda
193 Konsesi an- bernama CKontra* 5#C untu* daerah di %umatera Ten-ahdiberi*an *e6ada #=TG. (termasu* la6an-an '!&#%).
195 Tan--al 10 Desember 195 P.T. PR'!&# beridiri stlh PT'%< dili*uidasi
1959 &!#' men+adi P& PR'!&D191 PR'!&D dili*uidasi dan dibentu* P& Pertamban-an 'ina* !ndonesia
disin-*at PRT#'!&
197 P& PR'!&# dan P& PRT#'!& dilebur men+adi satu Perusahaan&e-ara den-an nama P& Pertamban-an 'ina* dan ?as "umi &asional,disin-*at P& Pertamina
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SEJARAH PENEMUAN MINYAK UMI DI INDONESIA
=o*asi Pen-hasil 'ina* "umi di !ndonesia> #eh H Rantau, =e6as Pantai =an-sa.
> Riau H Duri, 'inas, Kotabata*, "e*asa6, Bamrud, Petani, #m6uh,
Peta6ahan, Pedada, "alam, "an-*o, Riau
> %umatera %elatan H Ramba, %uban,
> a:a "arat H Tambun, "e*asi, =e6as Pantai sebelah utara,
ilamaa, Kra:an-, %uban-, atibaran-, ?unun- %ala*,
Pan-alen-an, Pan-andaran,
> a*arta H le6as 6antai Pulau %eribu, a*arta
> a:a Timur H le6as 6antai Pulau 'adura, e6u, Pulau Kan-ean,> Kalimantan Timur H "ada*, Delta 'aha*am,
> %ula:esi H =e6as 6antai %elat 'a*assar
> Pa6ua H %oron-, 'ano*:ari
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%I/A* & I
5000
%I/A* & II
170.000
%I/A* & III
133.000
%I/A* & I(
348.000
%I/A* & (
260.000
%I/A* & (I
125.000
%I/A* & (II
10.000 %I/A* "'&
3.800