jenis-jenis gangguan persepsi

8/19/2019 jenis-jenis gangguan persepsi

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DAFTAR ISI

DAFTAR ISI.......................................................................................................... 1

BAB I. PENDAHULUAN................................................................................ 2

BAB II. ISI.......................................................................................................... 4

A. PERSEPSI........................................................................................ 4

B. GANGGUAN PERSEPSI ............................................................... 5

a. Depersonalisasi............................................................................ 7

. Derealisasi................................................................................... !

". Il#si ............................................................................................. 1$

%. Hal#sinasi ................................................................................... 11

BAB III. PENUTUP............................................................................................. 1!

DAFTAR PUSTA&A............................................................................................ 1'

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BAB I

PENDAHULUAN

Persepsi erasal %ari a(asa la)in perceptio *an+ erar)i ,eneri,a a)a#

,en+a,il. A%ap#n ,en#r#) -a,#s esar a(asa In%onesia persepsi i)# a%ala(

proses seseoran+ ,en+e)a(#i eerapa (al ,elal#i pan"ain%ran*a.1 Persepsi

,er#pa-an a-)i/i)as ,en+in%era ,en+in)e+rasi-an %an ,e,eri-an penilaian pa%a

o0e-o0e- isi- ,a#p#n o0e- sosial %an pen+in%eraan )erse#) )er+an)#n+ pa%a

s)i,#l#s isi- %an s)i,#l#s sosial *an+ a%a %i lin+-#n+ann*a. Sensasisensasi %ari

lin+-#n+an a-an %iola( ersa,asa,a %en+an (al(al *an+ )ela( %ipela0ari

seel#,n*a ai- (al i)# er#pa (arapan(arapan nilainilai si-ap in+a)an %an lain

lain. Persepsi )er%iri %ari a%an*a o0e- s)i,#l#s pan"ain%era %an proses pen+ola(an

persepsi %ala, o)a- ,an#sia. 3a-a +an++#an persepsi a%ala( -e)i%a-,a,p#an

,an#sia %ala, ,e,e%a-an an)ara ran+san+ *an+ )i,#l %ari s#,er in)ernal seper)i

pi-iran perasaan sensasi so,a)i- %en+an i,p#ls %an s)i,#l#s e-s)ernal.

enis0enis +an++#an persepsi ,en#r#) &aplan %an Sa%%o"-s )er%iri %ariDepersonalisasi Derealisasi Il#si %an Hal#sinasi. Depersonalisasi ,er#pa-an sa)#

-on%isi pa)olo+is *an+ ,#n"#l sea+ai a-ia) %ari perasaan s#*e-)i %en+an

+a,aran seseoran+ ,en+ala,i a)a# ,erasa-an %iri sen%iri 6a)a# )##(n*a sea+ai

)i%a- n*a)a a)a# -(a*ali 6asin+ )i%a- %i-enali. Derealisasi a%ala( perasaan s#*e-)i

a(8a lin+-#n+ann*a ,en0a%i asin+ )i%a- n*a)a. Il#si a%ala( sa)# persepsi *an+

-elir# a)a# ,en*i,pan+ %ari s)i,#l#s e-s)ernal *an+ n*a)a. Se%an+-an (al#sinasi

a%ala( persepsi a)a# )an++apan pals# )i%a- er(##n+an %en+an s)i,#l#s e-s)ernal

*an+ n*a)a9 ,en+(a*a)i +e0ala+e0ala *an+ %i-(a*al-an sea+ai (al *an+ n*a)a.2

Psi-opa)olo+i a%ala( sa)# "aan+ il,# psi-ia)ri *an+ ,e,pela0ari

pen*i,pan+an *an+ 0elas )a,pa- pa%a -esa%aran ala, perasaan pi-iran )in+-a(

la-# %an pola rea-si )o)al 6-epria%ian )er(a%ap era+ai ,asala( *an+ %i(a%api. :

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Beri-#) a-an %i#rai-an ,en+enai pen+er)ian persepsi 0enis0enis +an++#an persepsi

ser)a psi-opa)olo+in*a.

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BAB II

ISI

A. PERSEPSI

Persepsi a%ala( %a*a ,en+enal -#ali)as (##n+an ser)a pere%aan s#a)#

en%a ,elal#i proses ,en+a,a)i ,en+e)a(#i %an ,en+ar)i-an se)ela(

pan"ain%eran*a ,en%apa) ran+san+an. Proses persepsi ,e,#)#(-an o0e- l#ar

ran+san+an %an pan"ain%era 6resep)or. 3en#r#) Gison persepsi a%ala( proses-o+ni)i *an+ %iper+#na-an ole( in%i/i%# #n)#- ,enasir-an %an ,e,a(a,i %#nia

se-i)arn*a 6)er(a%ap o0e-. Gison 0#+a ,en0elas-an a(8a persepsi ,er#pa-an

proses pe,erian ar)i )er(a%ap lin+-#n+an ole( in%i/i%#. ;le( -arena i)# se)iap

in%i/i%# ,e,eri-an ar)i -epa%a s)i,#l#s se"ara ere%a ,es-ip#n o0e-n*a sa,a.

3en#r#)


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Persepsi ,ele8a)i )i+a proses *ai)#4

a. Proses isi- > o0e- s)i,#l#s resep)or a)a# ala) in%era

. Proses isiolo+is > s)i,#l#s sara sensoris o)a-

". Proses psi-olo+is > Proses %ala, o)a- se(in++a in%i/i%# ,en*a%ari s)i,#l#s

*an+ %i)eri,a

Gambar 1: Proses terjadina !erse!si

3a-a +an++#an persepsi a%ala( -e)i%a-,a,p#an ,an#sia %ala,

,e,e%a-an an)ara ran+san+ *an+ )i,#l %ari s#,er in)ernal seper)i pi-iran

perasaan sensasi so,a)i- %en+an i,p#ls %an s)i,#l#s e-s)ernal.4

B. GANGGUAN PERSEPSI

Gan++#an persepsi %ia+i ,en0a%i 4 *ai)#:2?

1. Depersonalisasi Sa)# -on%isi pa)olo+is *an+ ,#n"#l sea+ai a-ia) %ari perasaan

s#*e-)i %en+an +a,aran seseoran+ ,en+ala,i a)a# ,erasa-an %iri sen%iri

6a)a# )##(n*a sea+ai )i%a- n*a)a a)a# -(a*ali 6asin+ )i%a- %i-enali

2. Derealisasi Perasaan s#*e-)i a(8a lin+-#n+ann*a ,en0a%i asin+ )i%a- n*a)a

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:. Il#si Sa)# persepsi *an+ -elir# a)a# ,en*i,pan+ %ari s)i,#l#s e-s)ernal *an+

n*a)a

4. Hal#sinasi Persepsi a)a# )an++apan pals# )i%a- er(##n+an %en+an s)i,#l#se-s)ernal *an+ n*a)a9 ,en+(a*a)i +e0ala+e0ala *an+ %i-(a*al-an sea+ai (al

*an+ n*a)a. enis0enis (al#sinasi a%ala(

• Hal#sinasi (ipna+o+i-

• Hal#sinasi (ipnapo,pi-

•

Hal#sinasi a#%i)ori-

• Hal#sinasi /is#al

• Hal#sinasi pen"i#,an

• Hal#sinasi pen+e"apan

• Hal#sinasi )a-)il

• Hal#sinasi so,a)i-

• Hal#sinasi lilip#)

• Hal#sinasi *an+ se0alan %en+an ,oo%

• Hal#sinasi *an+ )i%a- se0alan %en+an ,oo%

• Hal#sinosis

• Sines)esia

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• Trailing phenomenon

• Command hallucination

Ber%asar-an psi-opa)olo+in*a +an++#an persepsi %apa) %ia+i ,en0a%i %#a en)#-

*ai)#

1. Dis)orsi sensori- 6 sensory distortion -ea%aan %i,ana sala( )asir pan"ain%era

a-ia) pen*i,pan+an 6%is)orsi %ala, ,enan+-ap ran+san+an sensori-. Ben)#-

%is)orsi sensori- a%ala( er#pa7

a. Per#a(an in)ensi)as

• (iperes)esia ,erasa-an s#a)# ran+san+an sensori- se"ara erlei(

• (ipos)esia ran+san+an sensori- %irasa-an -#ran+

. Per#a(an -#ali)as

". ali)as penilaian )er(a%ap ran+san+an sensori- er#a(

• -loropsia se,#a )a,pa- (i0a#

• @an)opsia se,#a )a,pa- -#nin+

• eri)ropsia se,#a )a,pa- ,era(

%. per#a(an en)#- 6%is,e+alopsia

• ,i-ropsia en%a > en%a *an+ %ili(a) ,en0a%i lei( -e"il

• ,a-ropsia en%a > en%a *an+ %ili(a) ,en0a%i lei( esar

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2. Desepsi sensori- 6 sensory deception ,#n"#ln*a persepsi ar# %en+an a)a#

)anpa o0e- l#ar. 3#n"#ln*a persepsi ar# %en+an o0e- l#ar %ise#) sea+ai

il#si se%an+ apaila )anpa o0e- l#ar %ise#) (al#sinasi.

a. De!ersona"isasi

&a)a %epersonalisasi per)a,a -ali %ise#)-an ole( D#+as pa%a )a(#n 1!''

%en+an ,en+a"# %ari sin%ro, cerebro-cardiac neurosis.! Depersonalisasi a%ala(

s#a)# -on%isi pa)olo+is *an+ ,#n"#l sea+ai a-ia) %ari perasaan s#*e-)i %en+an

+a,aran seseoran+ ,en+ala,i a)a# ,erasa-an %iri sen%iri 6a)a# )##(n*a sea+ai)i%a- n*a)a a)a# -(a*ali 6asin+ )i%a- %i-enali.? 3al%onal%o e) al erpen%apa)

%epersonalisasi ,en"a-#p -e(ilan+an a)a# per#a(an )e,porer %ala, perasaan *an+

iasa ,en+enai reali)as %iri sen%iri. Dala, s#a)# )a(ap %epersonalisasi oran+ ,erasa

)erpisa( %ari %irin*a sen%iri %an lin+-#n+an %i se-i)arn*a. 3ere-a ,#n+-in ,e,ili-i

perasaan (i%#p %ala, ,i,pi a)a# il, a)a# er)in+-a( la-# seper)i roo).

3en#r#) &i(ls)ro, +an++#an %epersonalisasi lei( serin+ ,#n"#l pa%a

re,a0a %an %e8asa ,#%a %en+an %i)an%ai perasaan (ilan+n*a e-sis)ensi %iri. 3ere-a

)ia)ia ,erasa ere%a )##(n*a se"ara %ras)is er#a( %an ,en0a%i ere%a.

Serin+ ,ere-a ,erasa-an %irin*a )erlepas %ari a%an ,ere-a sen%iri %an

,en*a-si-an apa *an+ )er0a%i pa%a a%ann*a 6o#)oo%* e@perien"es *an+ %%i-#)i

persepsi ,en+#n0#n+i plane) %an )e,pa) lain. Depersonalisasi #,#,n*a %i+a,ar-an

sea+ai perasaan )erisolasi )a- ern*a8a ane( %an asin+9 %iri sen%iri %an oran+ lain

%ian++ap sea+ai o)o,a) erperila-# ,e-anis 6seper)i roo) )anpa inisia)i a)a#

pen+en%alian %iri.

Se)iap oran+ %apa) ,en+ala,i pen+ala,an %epersonalisasi pa%a eerapa )i)i-

%ala, -e(i%#pan )i%a- pe%#li apap#n +olon+ann*a. Se#a( peneli)ian %i U&

,en+-a0i a+ai,ana %o-)er %an )ena+a ,e%is lainn*a 0#+a %apa) ,en+ala,i (al ini. '

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Te)api -e)i-a perasaan %epersonalisasi )er#s )er0a%i a)a# )i%a- perna( er(en)i ,a-a

(al )erse#) %ian++ap sea+ai +an++#an %epersonalisasi. Gan++#an %epersonalisasi

lei( #,#, pa%a oran+ *an+ perna( ,en+ala,i pen+ala,an )ra#,a)is ser)a serin+

,en+ala,i )e-anan *an+ )in++i. Gan++#an %epersonalisasi %apa) ,en0a%i para( %an

,en++an++# a-)i/i)as se(ari(ari pe-er0aan %an (##n+an %en+an oran+ se-i)arn*a.

b. Derea"isasi

Derealisasi %i%einisi-an sea+ai Perasaan s#*e-)i a(8a lin+-#n+ann*a

,en0a%i asin+ seola(ola( )i%a- n*a)a.? Ge0ala %erealisasi ,elip#)i

•

Perasaan )erasin+ %ariCa)a# )eriasa %en+an lin+-#n+an seper)i )in++al %ala,se#a( il,

• 3erasa e,osional )erp#)#s %ari oran+oran+ *an+ %isa*an+i seper)i

%ipisa(-an ole( %in%in+ -a"a

• Lin+-#n+an *an+ ,#n"#l )er%is)orsi -a#r )i%a- er8arna %#a %i,ensi a)a#

#a)an

• Dis)orsi persepsi 8a-)# seper)i peris)i8a ar#ar# )erasa seper)i ,asa lal#

• Dis)orsi 0ara- #-#ran %an en)#- en%a

Depersonalisasi %an %erealisasi serin+ %i+olon+-an se"ara ersa,aan *an+

%ise#) %en+an +an++#an %epersonalisasi%erealisasi. Gan++#an %eprsonalisasi

%erealisasi ini ,er#pa-an pe,a+ian %ari Gan++#an Disosia)i er%asar-an

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder – 5 6DS35.1$

Pen*ea pas)i %ari +an++#an %epersonalisasi%erealisasi ini el#, %i-e)a(#i

%en+an pas)i. Beerapa peneli)i ,en"oa ,en+ai)-an an)ara a%an*a (##n+an %en+an

)ra#,a ,asa -e"il seper)i -e-erasan /eral &DRT per"eraian a)a# %i)in++al-an

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oran+ *an+ %isa*an+i ri8a*a) oran+)#a sa-i) ,en)al s)ress %an )ra#,a era). Tapi

se#a( peneli)ian %i U& ,en+e,#-a-an a(8a (al(al i)# )i%a- )erlal# erperan

se"ara si+nii-an -e"e,asanla( *an+ ,e,e+an+ peranan pen)in+.11 Beerapa

peneli)ian lainn*a 0#+a ,en%#-#n+ a-an (al ini.121: A%a eerapa peneli)i ,en"oa

,ene,#-an -e)er-ai)an an)ara respon s)i,#li pa%a o)a- %en+an +e0ala +an++#an

%epersonalisasi%erealisasi ini.1415

&ri)eria %ia+nos)i- +an++#an %epersonalisasi%erealisasi ,en#r#) DS35

a%ala(1$

A. A%an*a pen+ala,an persis)en a)a# er#lan+ %ari %epersonalisasi %erealisasi

a)a# -e%#an*a.

1. Depersonalisasi Pen+ala,an )i%a- n*a)a ,erasa )erlepas %ari pe,i-iran

sen%iri a)a# ,en0a%i seoran+ pen+a,a) %il#ar *an+ ,en+a,a)i pe,i-iran

perasaan sensasi )##( a)a# )in%a-ann*a sen%iri 6seper)i +on)a+an)i

persepsi ,erasa pen*i,pan+an 8a-)# %iri *an+ )i%a- n*a)a a)a# )i%a- a%a

,erasa -a-# se"ara e,osi %anCa)a# isi-

2. Derealisasi Pen+ala,an )i%a- n*a)a a)a# ,erasa )erlepas %ari pe,i-iran

sen%iri seola(ola( era%a %ala, lin+-#n+an asin+ 6seper)i in%i/i%# a)a#

o0e- %irasa-an )i%a- n*a)a seper)i ,i,pi er-a#) )i%a- a%a -e(i%#pan a)a#

pan%an+an *an+ ,en*i,pan+

B. Sela,a ,en+ala,i %epersonalisasi a)a# %erealisasi pen+ala,an )erse#)

%irasa-an )i%a- n*a)a

. Ge0ala+e0alan*a ,en*ea-an pen%eri)aan *an+ si+nii-an a)a# ,en++an+#

-e(i%#pan sosial pe-er0aan %an #n+si pen)in+ lainn*a %ala, (i%#p

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D. Gan++#an ini )i%a- %isea-an ole( ee- isiolo+is s#s)ansi 6seper)i

pen*ala(+#naan oa)oa) pen+oa)an a)a# -on%isi ,e%is lainn*a 6seper)i

-e0an+

E. Gan++#an ini )i%a- isa %i0elas-an lei( ai- %ari +an++#an ,en)al lainn*a

seper)i s-iorenia +an++#an pani- +an++#an %epresi ,a*or +an++#an s)res

a-#) a)a# +an++#an %isosia)i lainn*a.

Diperl#-an 0#+a e/al#asi %an s-rinin+ pe,eri-saan lainn*a #n)#-

,ene+a--an %ia+nosis ini sala( sa)# *an+ %apa) ,e,an)# a%ala( ,e)o%e

8a8an"ara #n)#- pen%eri)a +an++#an %isosia)i 6Disso"ia)i/e Disor%ers In)er/ie8

S"(e%#le1? -arena +an++#an %epersonalisasi%erealisasi sea+ai +olon+an %ari

Gan++#an %isosia)i ini ,asi( ,e,ili-i -e)er-ai)an %en+an -ri)eria %ia+nosis

posttraumatic stress disorder 6PTSD.17

Penan+anan #n)#- +an++#an %epersonalisasi%erealisasi ,elip#)i

ar,a-o)erapi %an psi-o)erapi. ;a)oa)an *an+ %i+#na-an sa,pai se-aran+ a%ala(

+olon+an ansioli)i- %an an)i%epresan.1! Se%an+ %i-a0i ee-)ii)as %ari La,o)ri+ine

)e)api ,e,erl#-an peneli)ian lei( lan0#).1'

#. I"$si

Il#si Il#si a%ala( persepsi *an+ sala( (misperception a)a# in)erpre)asi persepsi

*an+ sala( (misinterpretation )er(a%ap s#a)# s)i,#l#s sensori- e-s)ernal *an+ n*a)a.

Dala, ar)i lainn*a il#si a%ala( s#a)# persepsi pan"ain%era *an+ %isea-an a%an*a

ran+san+an pan"ain%era *an+ %i)asir-an se"ara sala( a)a# in)erpre)asi *an+ sala( %ari

s#a)# ran+san+an pa%a pan"ain%era.

Sea+ai "on)o( seoran+ pen%eri)a %en+an perasaan *an+ ersala( %apa)

,en+in)erpre)asi-an s#ara +e,erisi- %a#n%a#n sea+ai s#ara *an+ ,en%e-a)in*a.

Il#si serin+ )er0a%i pa%a saa) )er0a%in*a -e)a-#)an *an+ l#ar iasa pa%a pen%eri)a a)a#

-arena in)o-si-asi ai- *an+ %isea-an ole( ra"#n ine-si ,a#p#n pe,a-aian

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nar-o)i-a %an a) a%i-)i. A%a 0#+a peneli)ian *an+ ,en#n0#--an a(8a ran+san+

a#%io %an /is#al *an+ )a- se0enis %apa) ,en+a-ia)-an persepsi il#si apaila

er#lan+-ali %ipapar-an pa%a pasien. Il#si )er0a%i %ala, er,a"a,,a"a, en)#-

*ai)# il#si /is#al 6pen+li(a)an a-#s)i- 6pen%en+aran ola-)ori- 6pe,a#an

+#s)a)ori- 6pen+e"apan %an il#si )a-)il 6peraaan.72$21

;ran+oran+ serin+ ,e,er"a*ai il#si )er0a%i sea+ai s#a)# (##n+an sea

a-ia) an)ara %#a -e0a%ian *an+ seenarn*a )i%a- salin+ )er-ai). Se(in++a il#si serin+

%i-ai)-an %en+an (al(al ,is)is %an )a-(a*#l se(in++a erpen+ar#( pa%a aspe-

pen)in+ %ala, -e(i%#pan seper)i -ese(a)an -e#an+an %an -ese0a()eraan ,ere-a.22

A-(ira-(ir ini %i%apa)-an penin+-a)an 0#,la( peneli)ian *an+ ,en+-a0i il#si pa%a

pasien s-iop(renia. Peneli)i ,en"oa ,en+-a0i il#si /is#al pa%a pasien s-iop(renia

%ari se+i ne#roisiolo+is %an #n+sin*a ,es-ip#n ,asi( )er%apa) era+ai

per%ea)an.2: A%a 0#+a peneli)ian ,en+enai il#si %ari -epe,ili-an )##( *an+

,en+ai)-an an)ara il#si %en+an +e0ala %epersonalisasi%erealisasi *an+ )ela( %ia(as

seel#,n*a %ia)as.24

d. Ha"$sinasi

Dian)ara se,#a 0enis +an++#an persepsi (al#sinasi *an+ palin+ serin+

%iala,i. Hal#sinasi a%ala( ,#n"#ln*a persepsi ar# 6 false perception )anpa o*e-

l#ar. Hal#sinasi a%ala( persepsi sensoris *an+ pals# *an+ )i%a- er-ai)an %en+an

s)i,#li e-s)ernal *an+ n*a)a9 ,#n+-in )er%apa) a)a# )i%a- )er%apa) in)erpre)asi 8a(a,

)en)an+ pen+ala,an (al#sinasi. 3isaln*a ,en%en+ar s#ara a)a# isi-an oran+ )anpa

a%a oran+ *an+ eri"ara 6s#,er #n*i. Hal#sinasi 0#+a %ipen+ar#(i ole( mental

image *an+ -e,#%ian %ipro*e-si-an -e l#ar se(in++a seola( > ola( %a)an+n*a %ari

l#ar %irin*a.

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Di R#,a( Sa-i) i8a %i In%onesia se-i)ar 7$ (al#sinasi *an+ %iala,i ole(

pasien +an++#an 0i8a a%ala( (al#sinasi pen%en+aran 2$ (al#sinasi pen+li(a)an

%an 1$ lainn*a a%ala( (al#sinasi pen+(i%# pen+e"apan %an peraaan.25 Hal#sinasi

,er#pa-an +e0ala psi-opa)olo+i *an+ "#-#p seri#s %apa) %i)e,#-an pa%a +an++#an

0i8a *an+ or+ani- %an )er#)a,a +an++#an 0i8a *an+ #n+sional.2

enis > 0enis (al#sinasi seper)i

a. Hal#sinasi (ipna+o+i- persepsi sensoris *an+ -elir# *an+ )er0a%i saa) a-an

)er)i%#r9 se"ara #,#, #-an )er+olon+ eno,ena *an+ pa)olo+is.

. Hal#sinasi (ipnapo,pi- persepsi sensori- -elir# *an+ )er0a%i saa) )eran+#n %ari

)i%#r9 se"ara #,#, #-an )er+olon+ eno,ena pa)olo+is.". Hal#sinasi %en+ar 6a#%i)ori- persepsi #n*i *an+ pals# iasan*a er#pa s#ara

oran+ )e)api %apa) 0#+a #n*i#n*i lain seper)i ,#si-9 ,er#pa-an 0enis

(al#sinasi *an+ palin+ serin+ %i)e,#-an pa%a +an++#an psi-ia)ri-.

%. Hal#sinasi /is#al persepsi pen+li(a)an -elir# *an+ er#pa "i)ra *an+ eren)#-

6sea+ai "on)o(n*a oran+ %an "i)ra *an+ )i%a- eren)#- 6sea+ai "on)o(n*a

-ila)an "a(a*a9 serin+-ali )er0a%i pa%a +an++#an ,e%is #,#,.e. Hal#sinasi "i#, 6ola-)oris persepsi ,en+(i%# *an+ pals#9 serin+-ali )er0a%i

pa%a +an++#an ,e%is #,#,.

. Hal#sinasi -e"ap 6+#s)a)oris persepsi )en)an+ rasa -e"ap *an+ -elir# seper)i rasa

-e"ap *an+ )i%a- ,en*enan+-an sea+ai +e0ala a8al -e0an+9 serin+-ali )er0a%i

pa%a +an++#an ,e%is #,#,. g. Hal#sinasi raa 6)a-)il9 (ap)i- persepsi -elir# )en)an+ peraaan a)a# sensasi

per,#-aan seper)i sensasi %ari s#a)# )#n+-ai *an+ )era,p#)asi (phantom limb!

sensasi a%an*a +era-an pa%a -#li) a)a# %i a8a( -#li) (formication.h. Hal#sinasi so,a)i- sensasi -elir# )en)an+ ses#a)# (al *an+ )er0a%i %i %ala, )##(

a)a# )er(a%ap )##( palin+ serin+ erasal %ari or+an /is"eral 60#+a %i-enal

sea+ai cenesthesic hallucination.i. Hal#sinasi lilip#) persepsi *an+ -elir# %i ,ana en%aen%a )a,pa- lei( -e"il

#-#rann*a 60#+a %i-enal sea+ai ,i-ropsia a)a# en%a )erli(a) lei( esar

#-#rann*a 6,a-ropsia.?

0. Hal#sinasi *an+ se0alan %en+an ,oo% (mood congruent hallucination" (al#sinasi

%i ,ana isi (al#sinasi a%ala( -onsis)en %en+an ,oo% *an+ %epresi a)a# ,ani-

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6sea+ai "on)o(n*a pasien *an+ ,en+ala,i %epresi ,en%en+ar s#ara *an+

,en+a)a-an a(8a pasien a%ala( oran+ *an+ 0a(a)9 seoran+ pasien ,ani-

,en%en+ar s#ara *an+ ,en+a)a-an a(8a pasien ,e,ili-i (ar+a %iri -e-#a)an

%an pen+e)a(#an *an+ )in++i.-. Hal#sinasi *an+ )i%a- se0alan %en+an ,oo% (mood-incongruent hallucination"

(al#sinasi %i ,ana isin*a )i%a- -onsis)en %en+an ,oo% *an+ %epresi a)a# ,ani-

6sea+ai "on)o(n*a pa%a %epresi (al#sinasi )i%a- ,elia)-an )e,a)e,a )erse#)

seper)i rasa ersala( pen+(#-#,an *an+ la*a- %i)eri,a a)a# -e)i%a-,a,p#an9

pa%a ,ania (al#sinasi )i%a- ,en+an%#n+ )e,a)e,a )erse#) seper)i (ar+a %iri

a)a# -e-#asaan *an+ )in++i.l. Hal#sinosis (al#sinasi palin+ serin+ a%ala( (al#sinasi %en+ar *an+ er(##n+an

%en+an pen*ala(+#naan al-o(ol -ronis %an )er0a%i %ala, sensori#, *an+ 0erni(

ere%a %en+an %eliri#, )re,ens 6DTs *ai)# (al#sinasi *an+ )er0a%i %ala,

-on)e-s sensori#, *an+ er-a#).

,. Sines)esia sensasi a)a# (al#sinasi *an+ %isea-an ole( sensasi lain 6sea+ai

"on)o(n*a s#a)# sensasi a#%i)oris *an+ %iser)ai a)a# %i"e)#s-an ole( s#a)# sensasi

/is#al9 s#a)# #n*i %iala,i sea+ai %ili(a) a)a# s#a)# pen+li(a)an %iala,i sea+ai

%i%en+ar.

n. Trailing phenomenon" -elainan persepsi *an+ er(##n+an %en+an oa)oa)

(al#sino+en %i,ana en%a *an+ er+era- %ili(a) sea+ai se%ere)an "i)ra *an+

)erpisa( %an )i%a- -on)in#.

o. Command hallucination" persepsi perin)a( *an+ pals# %i ,ana seseoran+ %apa)

,erasa pa)#( )er(a%ap perin)a( a)a# )i%a- ,a,p# #n)#- ,enola- # ,enen)an+.22?

S"(ro%er ,en*a)a-an a(8a (al#sinasi %apa) ,#n"#l %ala, 4 sin%ro, po-o- *ai)#

1. Hal#sinasi -on#sional Pa%a sin%ro, ini -esa%aran a%ala( er-a#) %an

(al#sinasi /is#al )a,pa- pro,inen. Hal#sinasi a#%i)ori- iasan*a (an*a er#pa

s#ara ,#si- isin+ -a)a-a)a ane( -a%an+-a%an+ 0#+a -ali,a).

2. Hal#sinasi selreeren"e Pasien ,en%en+ar s#ara s#ara *an+ eri"ara

-epa%an*a. Biasan*a pasien )i%a- %apa) ,enir#-an -e,ali s#ar# *an+

%i%en+ar -a)a %e,i -a)a na,#n pasien (an*a ,en"eri)a-an +aris esarn*a sa0a.

S#aras#ara i)# iasan*a ,e,i"ara-an pasien %an pasien ,en*a)a-an a(8a

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s#aras#ara i)# %a)an+ %ari oran+oran+ %i se-i)arn*a. San+a) s#-ar #n)#-

,e,as)i-an apa-a( pasien ,e,an+ enarenar a%a (al#sinasi a)a# sala(

%en+ar sa0a %ari pe,i"araan oran+oran+ *an+ ,e,an+ seenarn*a a%a.

:. Hal#sinasi /eral Dala, (al ini pasien ,en%en+ar s#aras#ara *an+ 0elas *an+ eri"ara )en)an+ %irin*a %an ia %apa) ,en+#lan+ -e,ali -a)a-a)a i)# %en+an

)epa). S#aras#ara i)# isa erasal %ari oran+oran+ *an+ ,e,an+ se"ara n*a)a

a%a a)a# (an*a i,a+inasi sa0a a)a# %ari se#a( ,esin.

4. Hal#sinasi an)as)i- Dala, (al ini se,#a 0enis (al#sinasi isa ,#n"#l. Pasien

,en0elas-an pen+ala,ann*a *an+ an)as)i- *an+ %i%asari ole( a%an*a

(al#sinasi /is#al a)a# so,a)i-. &a%an+-a%an+ sin%ro, (al#sinasi ini )en)an+

pen+ala,an ,i,pin*a seola(ola( (al *an+ n*a)a )er0a%i. Biasan*a pa%a pasien

ini a%a (al#sinasi ,assa *ai)# pasien ,en%en+ar a)a# ,eli(a) an*a- oran+

)er#n#( a)a# )erania*a.27

4 )a(apan (al#sinasi -ara-)eris)i- %an perila-# *an+ %i)a,pil-an

TAHAP %ARA%TERISTI% PERILA%U

Ta&a! I

3e,eri rasa

n*a,an )in+-a)

ansie)as se%an+

se"ara #,#,

(al#sinasi

,er#pa-an s#a)#

-esenan+an.

3en+ala,i ansie)as

-esepian rasa ersala( %an

-e)a-#)an. 3en"oa ero-#s pa%a

pi-iran *an+ %apa)

,en+(ilan+-an ansie)as

Fi-iran %an pen+ala,an

sensoris ,asi( a%a %ala,

-on)ol -esa%aran nonpsi-o)i-

Tersen*#, )er)a8a sen%iri3en++era--an iir )anpa s#ara

Per+era--an ,a)a *an+ "epa)

Respon /eral *an+ la,a)Dia, %an er-onsen)rasi

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Ta&a! II

3en*ala(-an Tin+-a)

-e"e,asan era)

se"ara #,#,

(al#sinasi

,en*ea-an

perasaan an)ipa)i

Pen+ala,an sensoris

,ena-#)-an

3erasa %ile"e(-an ole(

pen+ala,an sensori )erse#) 3#lai ,erasa -e(ilan+an

-on)rol

3enari- %iri %ari oran+ lain

non psi-o)i-

Ter0a%i penin+-a)an %en*#)

0an)#n+ pernaasan %an

)e-anan %ara(

Per(a)ian %en+an lin+-#n+an

er-#ran+

&onsen)rasi )er(a%ap

pen+ala,an sensori -er0a

&e(ilan+an -e,a,p#an

,e,e%a-an (al#sinasi

%en+an reali)as

Ta&a! III

3en+on)rol Tin+-a)

-e"e,asan era) Pen+ala,an

(al#sinasi )i%a-

%apa) %i)ola- la+i

Pasien ,en*era( %an

,eneri,a pen+ala,an

sensori 6(al#sinasi Isi (al#sinasi ,en0a%i a)ra-)i

&esepian ila pen+ala,an

sensoris era-(ir psi-o)i-

Perin)a( (al#sinasi

%i)aa)i S#li) er(##n+an

%en+an oran+ lain Per(a)ian )er(a%ap

lin+-#n+an er-#ran+ (an*a

eerapa %e)i- Ti%a- ,a,p# ,en+i-#)i

perin)a( )re,or %an

er-erin+a)

Ta&a! I' Pasien s#%a(

%i-#asai ole(

(al#sinasi Pasien pani-

Pen+ala,an sensoris ,#n+-in

,ena-#)-an 0i-a in%i/i%# )i%a-

,en+i-#)i perin)a( (al#sinasi

isa erlan+s#n+ %ala,

eerapa 0a, a)a# (ari apaila

)i%a- a%a in)er/ensi )erape#)i-.

Perila-# pani- Resi-o )in++i

,en"e%erai

A+i)asi

Ti%a- ,a,p# erespon )er(a%ap

lin+-#n+an

Psi-opa)olo+i %ari (al#sinasi *an+ pas)i el#, %i-e)a(#i. Ban*a- )eori *an+

%ia0#-an *an+ ,ene-an-an pen)in+n*a a-)ora-)or psi-olo+i- isiolo+i- %an lain

lain. Der,a8an %an R#s%i ,en+#n+-ap-an a-)or pre%isposisi *an+ ,e,pen+ar#(i

,asala( (al#sinasi *ai)# a-)or iolo+is a-)or psi-olo+is %an a-)or sosial #%a*a.

Se%an+-an S)#ar) erpen%apa) a-)or presipi)asi )er0a%in*a +an++#an (al#sinasi

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a%ala( a-)or iolo+is s)res lin+-#n+an pe,i"# +e0ala %an s#,er -opin+.25 A%a

*an+ ,en+a)a-an a(8a %ala, -ea%aan )er0a+a *an+ nor,al o)a- %i(an)ar ole( aliran

s)i,#l#s *an+ %a)an+ %ari %ala, )##( a)a#p#n %ari l#ar )##(. Inp#) ini a-an

,en+in(iisi persepsi *an+ lei( %ari ,#n"#ln*a -e ala, sa%ar. Bila inp#) ini

%ile,a(-an a)a# )i%a- a%a sa,a se-ali seper)i *an+ -i)a 0#,pai pa%a -ea%aan nor,al

a)a# pa)olo+is ,a-a ,a)eri,a)eri *an+ a%a %ala, #n"ons"io#s a)a# pre"ons"io#s

isa %ilepas-an %ala, en)#- (al#sinasi. Pen%apa) lain ,en+a)a-an a(8a (al#sinasi

%i,#lai %en+an a%an*a -ein+inan *an+ %irepresi -e ala, a8a( sa%ar %an -e,#%ian

-arena s#%a( re)a-n*a -epria%ian %an r#sa-n*a %a*a ,enilai reali)as ,a-a

-ein+inan )a%i %ipro*e-si-an -el#ar %ala, en)#- s)i,#l#s e-s)erna. Hal#sinasi %apa)

%ipen+ar#(i ole( i,a+inasi ,en)al *an+ -e,#%ian %ipro0e-si-an -el#ar se(in++aseola(ola( %a)an+n*a %ari l#ar %irin*a.

Teori psi-o%ina,i-a *an+ ,en++a,ar-an a(8a (al#sinasi )er0a%i -arena

a%an*a isi ala, )i%a- sa%ar *an+ ,as#- ala, sa%ar sea+ai s#ara respon )er(a%ap

-onli- psi-olo+is %an -e#)#(an *an+ )i%a- %ipen#(i se(in++a (al#sinasi ,er#pa-an

+a,aran %an ran+san+an -ein+inan %an -e)a-#)an *an+ %iala,i ole( pasien.

Ber%asar-an )eori perceptual release$ (al#sinasi )i,#l sea+ai a-ia)

-e)e+an+an ser)a -e-#ran+ann*a ran+san+ sensori- 6)er,as#- per(a)ian *an+ ,is-in

%an -#ran+n*a -apasi)as #n)#- ,e,e%a-an (al *an+ rele/an %an )i%a- rele/an.

&apasi)as #n)#- erespon )er(a%ap ran+san+ *an+ er-#ran+ )erse#) ,eni,#l-an

penasiran sensasi in)ernal 6%ari %ala, %irin*a. Hal#sinasi %apa) %i)i,#l-an ole(

-era"#nan oa) a)a# -elainan or+anis. Bila seseoran+ ,en+ala,i -era"#nan oa)

)er#)a,an*a oa) psi-o)o,i,e)i- a-an ,eni,#l-an iri)asi pa%a resep)or sensori-

*an+ -e,#%ian %i)er#s-an -e sara p#sa) %an a-an %iproses se(in++a )i,#l

(al#sinasi. Beerapa -elainan or+ani- *an+ %apa) ,eni,#l-an (al#sinasi %i

an)aran*a a%ala( +an++#an ,en)al or+ani-.27

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BAB III

PENUTUP

Persepsi a%ala( %a*a ,en+enal -#ali)as (##n+an ser)a pere%aan s#a)#

en%a ,elal#i proses ,en+a,a)i ,en+e)a(#i %an ,en+ar)i-an se)ela(

pan"ain%eran*a ,en%apa) ran+san+an. Gan++#an persepsi a%ala( -e)i%a-,a,p#an

,an#sia %ala, ,e,e%a-an an)ara ran+san+ *an+ )i,#l %ari s#,er in)ernal seper)i

pi-iran perasaan sensasi so,a)i- %en+an i,p#ls %an s)i,#l#s e-s)ernal. Gan++#an

persepsi %apa) er#pa %epersonalisasi %erealisasi il#si %an (al#sinasi.

Pen)in+ #n)#- ,en+e)a(#i pen+er)ian persepsi %an 0enis +an++#an persepsi

seper)i *an+ )ela( %i+olon+-an ole( DS3 1$ %an ID1$2! -arena apaila )i%a-

%i-e)a(#i %an %i)an+ani %apa) er%a,pa- pa%a -esel#r#(an aspe- (i%#p pasien.

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DAFTAR PUSTA%A

1. Al8i H. &a,#s Besar Ba(asa In%onesia. a-ar)a Balai p#s)a-a. 2$$7.2. &aplan IH Sa%o"- B. &aplan Sa%o"-s S*nopsis o Ps*"(ia)r*. ')( e%.

P(ila%elp(ia Lippin"o)) =illia,s =il-ins9 2$$:.

:. Ho8lan% RH. Biolo+i"al Bases o Ps*"(opa)(olo+* In Ps*"(opa)(olo+* 2n%

E%i)ion. Ro#)le%+eTa*lor Fran"is 2$$!. p1$'1?

4. 3"Leo% SA. Simply %sychology& 'isual %erception. 2$$7. Re)rie/e% ro,

())pCC888.si,pl*ps*"(olo+*.or+Cper"ep)ion)(eories.(),l

5. lini"al Ps*"(opa)(olo+*

:r%

E%i)ion. p14:1!. S(or/on H. T(e Depersonalia)ion S*n%ro,e. Pro"ee%in+s o )(e Ro*al So"ie)*

o 3e%i"ine. 1'4?9 :' 6:7. p77''2

'. ;r)on P ;r)on Gra* DP. Depersonalise% %o")ors a "rossse")ional s)#%* o

5?4 %o")ors 7?$ "ons#l)a)ions an% 1!7? pa)ien) repor)s in U& +eneral pra")i"e.

B3 ;pen. 2$12 2.

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20/21

1$. A,eri"an Ps*"(ia)ri" Asso"ia)ion. Dia+nos)i" an% S)a)is)i"al 3an#al o 3en)al

Disor%ers 6DS3 . 5)( E%. =as(in+)on D A,eri"an Ps*"(ia)ri" P#lis(in+.

2$1:. p.5$

11. Lee =E &8o- HT H#n)er E3 e) al. Pre/alen"e an% "(il%(oo% an)e"en%en)so Depersonalia)ion S*n%ro,e in U& Bir)( o(or). So" Ps*"(a)r* Ps*"(ia)r

Epi%e,iol. 2$12 e9 4762. p25:?112. 3#la 3 Pini S al#+i S Pre/e 3 e) al. ali%i)* an% reliaili)* o )(e S)r#")#re%

lini"al In)er/ie8 or Depersonalia)ion Derealia)ion Spe")r#,.

Ne#rops*"(ia)ri" Disease an% Trea),en). 2$$! 465. p'77!?

1:. &ole/ ;I Geor+ie/aJ(os)o/a S; Ber)(o A. An@ie)* "(an+es

%epersonalia)ion an% %eralia)ion s*,p)o,s in /es)i#lar pa)ien)s. Hin%a8i

P#lis(in+ orpora)ion Be(a/io#ral Ne#rolo+*. 2$14 p1'14. Se%eno L o#)o B 3elloni 3 analeso(nson A e) al. Ho8 %o *o# eel 8(en

*o# "an) eel *o#r o%*K In)ero"ep)ion #n")ional "onne")i/i)* an% e,o)ional

pro"essin+ in %epersonalia)ion%erealia)ion %isor%er. Plos ;ne. 2$14 '6?. p1'

15. 3i"(al 3 &oe"(el A an)erino 3 A%ler e) al. Depersonalia)ion %isor%er

Dis"onne")ion o "o+ni)i/e e/al#a)ion ro, a#)ono,i" responses )o e,o)ional

s)i,#li. Plos ;ne. 2$1: !6'. p1121?. Disso"ia)i/e Disor%ers In)er/ie8 S"(e%#le. Re)rie/e% ro,

0a"-ie8(i)in+.ne)CAPs*"(CDDIn)r/8.(),

17. Fre8en PA Bro8n 3FD S)e#8e Lani#s RA. La)en) proile anal*sis an%

prin"ipal a@is a")orin+ o )(e DS35 %isso"ia)i/e s#)*pe. E#ropean o#rnal o

Ps*"(o)ra#,a)olo+*. 2$15 ?. p11?1!. Gen)ile P Sn*%er 3 Gilli+ P3. S)ress an% )ra#,a Ps*"(o)erap* an%

p(ar,a"o)erap* or %epersonalia)ionC%erealia)ion %isor%er. Inno/ lin

Ne#ros"i. 2$14 1167!. p:7411'. So,er E A,os=illia,s T S)ein D. E/i%en"ease% )rea),en) or

Depersonalisa)ion%erealisa)ion Disor%er. B3 Ps*"(olo+*. 2$1: 162$. p11:2$. Eer) 3H Loosen PT N#r"o,e B. Ps*"(oanal*sis In #rren) > Dia+nosis

Trea),en) in Ps*"(ia)r*. 3"Gra8 Hill o,panies. 2$$$

21. Tre,la* (a,po#@ F oss P Ba"on BA e) al. Spee"( an% nonspee"(

a#%io/is#al ill#sions A %e/elop,en)al s)#%*. Plos ;ne. 2$$7 26!. p15

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22. 3a)#)e H Blan"o F

jenis-jenis gangguan persepsi

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