JENIS-JENIS BACAAN KELAS 8 & 9

NarrativeTujuan Komunikatif Teks :Menghibur pendengar atau pembaca dengan pengalaman nyata atau khayal. Ciri naratif adalah adanya unsur konflik (masalah) dan resolusi (penyelesaian masalah). Jumlah masalah atau penyelesaiannya mungkin hanya satu, mungkin juga lebih.

Struktur Teks :Pengenalan latar; tokoh, waktu dan tempatPengembangan konflikPenyelesaian konflikKoda : perubahan yang terjadi pada tokoh atau pelajaran yang dapat dipetik dari cerita

Ciri KebahasaanNouns tertentu sebagai kata ganti orang, dalam cerita misal : stepsisters, housework, dsbAdjectives yang membentuk noun phrase, misal : long black hair, two red apples, dsbTime connectives dan conjuctions untuk mengurutkan kejadian misal : then, before that, dsbAdverbs dan adverbial phrases untuk menunjukkan lokasi kejadian atau peristiwa misal : here, in the mountain, happily ever after, dsbAction verbs dalam past tense : stayed, dsbSaying verbs yang menandai ucapan seperti: said, told dan thinking verbs yang menandai pikiran, perasaan tokoh misal : thought, felt, dsb.

ALI BABA

Once upon a time there were 40 thieves who put their stolen money and treasure in a cave saying to the cave entrance, “Open Sesame!” A poor person saw them while they were doing that, so he heard the opening word. After they left he went towards he caves and opened it. Suddenly he found a very large quantity of money and golden treasures. He took some of it and went back home.

After that he became a rich man and his brother wanted to know how he became rich.

One day his brother followed him to solve that mystery. Next day the brother went back to the cave and opened it. He found a lot of money but when he tried to get out he could not. After a few minutes the thieves came in and saw the brother.

The boss asked him how he knew about the cave so he told them story. They killed the brother and went to find Ali Baba’s house.

Next morning the thieves hid in big jars and went Ali Baba’s house. The boss and two of his men pretended that they were merchants. Ali Baba invited them to lunch.

After lunch they took a rest. The house maid went out and found 40 thieves in the jars, so she boiled hot oil and poured it on their heard to kill them

After that Ali Baba lived in happiness for ever

Read the text below, then study the generic of the text

ORIENTATION

COMPLICATION

RESOLUTION

RE-ORIENTATION

DescriptiveTujuan komunikatif :

Mendeskripsikan ciri-ciri seseorang, suatu benda atau tempat tertentu.

Struktur Teks :Pengenalan benda, orang atau sesuatu yang akan dideskripsikan.

Deskripsi :Menggambarkan ciri-ciri benda tersebut, misalnya berasal dari mana, warnanya, ukurannya, kesukaannya, dsb. Deskripisi ini hanya memberikan informasi mengenai benda atau orang tertentu yang sedang dibahas saja, misalnya deskripsi tentang “my dog”. Ciri-ciri “anjing saya” tersebut dapat berbeda dengan anjing yang lain.

Dsecriptive

Ciri Kebahasaan :Noun tertentu misal : teacher, house, my rabbit, dsbSimple present tenseDetailed noun phrase untuk memberikan informasi tentang subjek misal : She a sweet young ladyBerbagai macam adjectives, yang bersifat describing, numbering, classifying, misal : two strong legs, two white fangs, dsb.Relating verb untuk memberikan informasi tentang subjek, misal : My mum is really cool, It has very thick fur, dsb.

Descriptive

Thinking verbs and feeling verbs untuk mengungkapkan pandangan pribadi penulis tentang subjek misal : Police believe the suspect is armed, I think it is a clever animal, dsb. Action verbs, misal : Our new puppy bites our shoes, dsb.Abverbials untuk memberikan informasi tambahan tentang perilaku tersebut misal : fast, at the tree house, dsb.Bahasa figurative seperti simile, metafor misal : John is white as chalk, sat tight, dsb.

This is Ya Long Bay. The sea is blue, the sky is comfortingly blue. The beach is pure white. The sand is soft and it feels like I’m standing on powder. It is just wonderful, like heaven. I love this place the best.

Procedure

Tujuan Komunikatif Teks :Memberi petunjuk cara melakukan sesuatu melalui serangkaian tindakan atau langkah.

Struktur Teks :Tujuan kegiatan atau judlBahan-bahanLangkah-langkah

Procedure

Ciri Kebahasaan :Pola kalimat imperative misal : Cut, Don’t, Mix, dsbAction verbs misal : turn, put, don’t, mix, dsbConnectives untuk mengurutkan kegiatan misal : then, while, dsbAdverbials untuk menyatakan rinci waktu, tempat, cara yang akurat misal : for five minutes, 2 centimetres from the top, dsb

Artika : Do you know how to plant “Roses”?Alya : Sorry, I don’t know how to.Artika : Well, let me show you with these pictures.

Firstly, peel of a little part of a branch

Secondly, cover the peeled-off part with soil, and wrap with plastic paper.Water it everyday.

When there comes out roots and a sprout, then cut off the covered part.

Finally, plant it in the ground.

Recount

Tujuan Komunikatif :Melaporkan peristiwa, kejadian atau kegiatan dengan tujuan memberitakan atau menghibur.

Struktur Teks :Pendahuluan (orientasi), yaitu memberikan informasi tentang apa, siapa, di mana dan kapanLaporan (rentetan) peristiwa, kegiatan yang terjadi, yang biasanya disampaikan secara berurut.Komentar pribadi dan/atau ungkapan penilaian (jika ada).

Recount

Ciri Kebahasaan :Nouns dan pronouns sebagai kata ganti orang, hewan atau benda yang terlibat misal : David, the monkey, we, dsb.Action verbs atau kata kerja tindakan misal : go, sleep, run, dsb.Past tense misal : We went to the zoo, She was happy, dsbConjuntions dan time connectives yang mengurutkan peristiwa, kejadian atau kegiatan misal : and, but, then, after that, dsb.Adverbs dan adverb phrases untuk mengungkap tempat, waktu dan cara misal : yesterday, at my house, slowly, dsb.Adjectives untuk menerangkan nouns misal : beautiful, funny, dsb.

The Watkins family in Fiji keeps iguanas in their miniature zoo. They had seen baby iguanas pushing their way up from their covered burrow in the earth floor of their cage. But they badly wanted to see an iguana actually hatch. The problem was, how do you watch something that is happening underground?

One November, they saw an iguana pair mate. Then, the following January, the male and female started working together to dig a burrow, about fifty centimeters deep. The Watkins watched the female lay four leathery eggs, and push them firmly down the burrow. She scraped soil over them with her feet, then packed it down firmly with her head.

For a few days, the pair kept guard over the place where the eggs were buried. Then the iguanas went away and seemed to forget about them. But the Watkins knew the eggs were there, incubating in the warm, moist soil.

The Watkins wanted to dig up the eggs and watch them hatch, but first they had to find a safe place to put them. It had to be humid, away from predator, yet always visible. Finally, they decided on a flowerpot on their bathroom windowsill. This would be their “incubator”.

Carefully, they dug two of the eggs from the burrow and placed them in the flowerpot.In August, as hatching time drew near, the Watkins became almost as excited as if a baby was

being born to the family. They were on hand with their cameras as soon as the firs split appeared.

Report

Tujuan Komunikatif :Menyampaikan informasi tentang sesuatu, apa adanya, sebagai hasil pengamatan sistematis atau analisis. Yang dideskripsikan dapat meliputi gejala alam, lingkungan, benda buatan manusia atau gejala-gejala sosial. Deskripsi sebuah teks report dapat berupa simpulan umum misalnya tentang rumah sederhana dengan mendeskripsikan ciri-ciri subyek tersebut sehingga layak dikatergorikan rumah sederhana, dsb.

Report

Struktur Teks :Pernyataan umum yang menerangkan subjek laporan, keterangan dan klasifikasinyaDeskripsi

Ciri Kebahasaan :General nouns seperti “Reptiles in Comodo Island”.Relating berbs untuk menjelaskan ciri misal : reptiles are scaly animals (ciri ini berlaku untuk semua reptilia)Action verbs dalam menjelaskan perilaku, misal : lizards cannot fly.Present tense menyatakan sesuatu yang umum misal : Comodo Dragons usually weight more than 160 kg.Istilah teknis, misal : water contains oxygen an hygrogen.Paragraf dengan topik sentence untuk menyusun sejumlah informasi

As supplies of fossil fuels, coal, oil and gas are running out, scientists have been working hard trying to find ways to obtain other kinds of fuel. They have succeeded in finding one that is very efficent: nuclear fuel. However, the ores which produce this kind of energy e.g. uranium ores, will eventually run out, too. Fortunately a source of abundant energy, which is virtually inexhaustible, sunlight, has been waiting for the scientists.

The sun’s energy will not run out. The sun sends out energy equal to that produces by 10.000 million tons of coal every second, of which the earth receives only one two billionth part. The sun’s energy is abundant, but only a limited amount has so far been used by man. The sun seems to be an ideal source of energy for great many uses. Yet to change sunlight into energy is defferent matter. The instruments are needed to catch the sun’s energy are still very expensive.