disain_ipal_praktis_dengan_biofilter_abi.docx

7/25/2019 DISAIN_IPAL_PRAKTIS_DENGAN_BIOFILTER_ABI.docx

1/26

DISAIN IPAL PRAKTIS DENGAN BIOFILTER (ABIE WIWOHO, MSc)

5 June 2013 at 01:46

I. PENDAHULUAN

A. LATAR BELAKANG

Ruma !a"#t$ %u!"e!ma!$ atau &a'a# %en()&atan a*a'a !a+ana !)!#a'

,an( !an(at *#&utu"an ma!,a+a"at untu" men-a+# "e!em&uan a%a'a

!a"#t. D#ma!a 'a'u ')"a!#n,a te+'eta" *# %#n((#+an ")ta *an !e'a'u *e"at

!un(a#$ a' #n# *#ma"!u*"an a(a+ t#*a" men#m&u'"an (an((uan te+a*a%

ma!,a+a"at !e"#ta+$ a#+ '#m&an,a an,a *#tam%un( *a'am %enam%un(an

!e*e+ana "emu*#an euenn,a *#&uan( "e*a'am !un(a#.

Namun$ *en(an a*an,a %e+"em&an(an %en*u*u" ,an( &e(#tu -e%at$ 'eta"

+uma !a"#t !aat #n# &e+a*a *# ten(a "a/a!an %emu"#man &e+*am%#n(an

*en(an %u!at u!aa ,an( 'a#n !e%e+t# /a+un( ma"an$ !u%e+ ma+"et$ %a!a+$

%a&+#" *''. Den(an !ema"#n ")m%'e"n,a en#! %e'a,anan +uma !a"#t$ ma"a

um'a *an en#! a#+ '#m&an,a u(a !ema"#n men#n("at$ ma"a #"a

%en(e')'aan a#+ '#m&an,a t#*a" &a#" !e+#n( men#m&u'"an ")n#"

&e+"e%anan(an *en(an ma!,a+a"at !e"#ta+$ men(an-am "e!eatan /a+(a!e"#ta+$ men-ema+# !um&e+ a#+$ men(#ne"!# %e+mu"aan tana$ &a*an a#+

*en(an &aan "#m#a atau #ne"!#u! ,an( men#m&u'"an "e+u!a"an &e+!"a'a

'ua! *an *a'am /a"tu ,an( 'ama.

e-a+a umum$ "e!a*a+an tentan( "ea+u!an mem&an(un !a+ana

!an#ta!# a(a+ t#*a" men#m&u'"an *am%a" &u+u" te+a*a% '#n("un(an !u*a

a*a *# ma!,a+a"at$ an,a !aa "a+ena "u+an(n,a #n)+ma!# ,an( -u"u% *an

te+&ata!n,a '#te+atu+e atau tena(a a'# mena*# am&atan utama *a'am

mem&an(un !a+ana !an#ta!# *# +uma !a"#t !e%e+t# $ In!ta'a!# Pen()'aan A#+

L#m&a IPAL$ tun("u %em&a"a+ !am%a #ne"!#u! #n-ene+at)+$ #n!ta'a!# a#+

&e+!#$ %en(en*a'#an !e+an((a *an t#"u! *''.

Da'am &u"u #n# *en(an !e(a'a "ete+&ata!an ,an( a*a$ %enu'#!

mem&e+#"an %an*uan *an %en(etauan %+a"t#! tentan( &a(a#mana
https://www.facebook.com/notes/ipal-centre/disain-ipal-praktis-dengan-biofilter-abie-wiwoho-msc/544684408917214https://www.facebook.com/notes/ipal-centre/disain-ipal-praktis-dengan-biofilter-abie-wiwoho-msc/544684408917214


2/26

mem&uat IPAL +uma !a"#t !e-a+a man*#+#$ *#"e+a"an !e-a+a !/a "e')'a$

*#a/a!# )'e tena(a !an#ta!# !etem%at$ men((una"an mate+#a' *an tena(a

')"a' ,an( a*a. Bu"u #n# *a%at u(a *#a*#"an %e*)man *a'am u%a,a

+ea'#ta!# IPAL +uma !a"#t ,an( &e'um memua!"an &a"u mutu euenn,a.

Da+# %en(a'aman %enu'#! !e&a(a# ")n!u'tan IPAL *# +uma !a"#t

*an tem%at ")!t$ atau !e&a(a# %en(u# !"+#%!# maa!#!/a *an *#!"u!#

#nten!# *en(an %a+a a'# *# "am%u! !e+ta %+a"t#!# 'a%an(an ,an(

&e+u&un(an *en(an a#+ '#m&a$ ma"a %enu'#! men*a%at "e!#m%u'an

tentan( ma!a'a %en(e')'aan a#+ '#m&a *#+uma !a"#t$ a.' :

1. Pe+!e%!#.

un("#n "a+ena te+&ata!n,a tena(a a'# *an ")n!u'tan ,an( mene"un#

*e!a#n IPAL ma"a *a'am %em&an(unann,a te+a*# %en((e'em&un(an a+(a$

*e!a#nn,a +um#t !e#n((a a,a )%e+a!#)na' *an %e+a/atann,a maa'$ !u"u

-a*an( !u'#t *#-a+# *# %a!a+ ')"a' *''. A*a %e+!e%!# ,an( !a'a$ ,a#tu &a/a

mem&an(un !a+ana IPAL *# +uma !a"#t atau %emu"#man a+u! maa'$

ma"#n maa' ma"#n &e+"ua'#ta! euenn,a. Pa*aa' *en(an mem&uat *e!a#n

!en*#+# te+a*a% In!ta'a!# Pen()'aan A#+ L#m&a IPAL$ a!#'n,a u(a

*a%at men-a%a# &a"u mutu !e%e+t# ,an( *#%e+!,a+at"an )'e un*an(

un*an(. Ha+u! *#!am%a#"an "e%a*a %a+a %em&uat "e%utu!an %+)!e!%en()'aan a#+ '#m&a *# +uma !a"#t #tu mu*a *#%e'aa+#$ *a%at *#"e+a"an

!e-a+a !/a "e')'a *an *a%at men((una"an &aan ')"a' !e#n((a a,an,a

te+an(a"au.

2. D#!a#n &e'um te+u#

Ka+ena %an*uan *a'am %+)!e! %em&uatan IPAL &e'um &an,a"

"e%u!ta"aann,a$ !e+#n("a'# &an,a" mene+#ma ta/a+an *e!a#n IPAL ,an(

t#*a" e'a! +uu"an atau te+u# "#ne+an,a$ a*a &a#"n,a !e&e'um mene+#ma

*e!a#n ,an( *ta/a+"an )'e ")n!u'tan7")nt+a"t)+$ %e+'u *#'a"u"an !em#na+

tentan( *eta#' "eun((u'an *an "e"u+an(an *a+# ")n!e% *e!a#n ,an(

*#ta/a+"an$ *en(an mmen(a*#+"an &e&e+a%a a'# ,an( &e+%en(a'aman


3/26

ma"a *a+# !em#na+ te+!e&ut *a%at *#"etau# &an,a" a'$ te+utama tentan(

*a!a+*a!a+ %e+#tun(an tentan( %+)!e!$ mate+#a'$ !u"u -a*an($ "etena(aan$

*an 'a#nn,a. Be&e+a%a ma!a'a ,an( !e+#n( t#m&u' !ete'a

%em&an(unan7+ea'#ta!# IPAL anta+a 'a#n:

a Bak bocor$ "a+ena *a'am %em&an(unan *#a/a!# )'e %etu(a! ,an(

t#*a" men(e+t# tentan( &an(unan ,an( &e+u&un(an *en(an a#+$

ma"a &an,a" tan("# ,an( &)-)+$ "a+ena *a!a+ *#n*#n( IPAL t#*a"

*#%a!an( water stop $ *#n*#n( atau *a!a+ tan("# ,an( "ua'#ta!

&et)nn,a t#*a" !tan*a+ atau t#*a" *#&e+# %e'a%#! ant# &)-)+. Ba"an a*a

IPAL ,an( te+&uat *a+# !e+at 8&e+ ,an( t#*a" &e+"ua'#ta! !e#n((a

!ete'a !e+a te+#ma$ tan("# n,a &an,a" ,an( an-u+ *an +u!a" t)ta'.

& Disain salah, a*a"a'an,a IPAL *#&an(un *en(an %e+#tun(an"e&utuan !e!aat !aa tan%a mem%e+#tun("an &e&an *#ma!a

men*atan($ %e+#tun(an /a"tu t#n((a' *an &e&an %e+mu"aan ,an(

te+'a'u "e-#' "a+ena a'a!an 'aan ,an( !em%#t atau t#*a" -u"u% *ana

!e#n((a men(a"#&at"an t#*a" )%t#ma'n,a %+)!e! %en()'aan *a'am

tan("# %en()'a a#+ '#m&a$ atau mutu eennn,a !u'#t *#-a%a# *an

a"#+n,a meme+'u"an un#t %en()'aan tam&aan 'a(# untu"

mem%e+&a#"#n,a. Ka!u! 'a#n$ a*a'a *e!a#n tan("# %e()'aan

%en*au'uan %+e t+eatment *#&uat *en(an %e+#tun(an /a"tu ,an(

t#*a" -u"u% *an *#&uat a!a' a!a'an !e#n((a &en*a&en*a %a*at ma!#

*a%at ma!u" *a'am %+)!e! %en()'aan )')(#!$ !e#n((a &e+&au *an

&an,a" "e-)a atau t#"u!.- Tenaga$ !e&ena+n,a %eme+#nta$ te+utama Kemente+#an Ke!eatan

mem%un,a# m)*a' ,an( -u"u% *a'am a' "etena(aan ,an( mam%u

mem&uat *e!a#n 7 mem&an(un 7me+ea'#ta!# IPAL +uma !a"#t$

%u!"e!ma!$ tem%at ")!$ %emu"#man *''$ ,a#tu tena(a !an#ta!#sanitarian). Den(an %e'at#an &e&e+a%a !e!# !aa ma"a tena(a

!an#ta+#an *en(an "ua'#8"a!# %en*#*#"an !et#n("at D.III a"an mam%u

mem&uat *e!a#n IPAL +uma !a"#t !e-a+a &a#" *an &ena+$ tan%a a+u!


4/26

men*atan("an tena(a a'# *a+# %e+(u+uan t#n((# a%a'a(# *a+# 'ua+

ne(e+#.* Material lokal$ Ne(a+a Ke!atuan Re%u&'#" In*)ne!#a mem%un,a# !e(a'a

en#! mate+#a' ,an( *#&utu"an *a'am mem&uat !a+ana IPAL *en(an

um'a ,an( me'#m%a$ *en(an !e'e"!# ,an( &a#" *an %en((unaan

,an( te%at ma"a "#ta *a%at mene"an a,a !em#n#ma' mun("#n

!e#n((a a+(an,a te+an("au. e*an("an %e+a'atan ,an( ma!#

a+u! *#&e'# a*a'a a'ata'at %a&+#"an !e%e+t# &')/e+$ *#9u!e+$ me*#a

&a"te+# *'' namun %e+a'atan te+!e&ut !e"a+an( !u*a te+!e*#a *# t)")

t)") *# ")ta")ta &e!a+ !e%e+t# Ja"a+ta atau u+a&a,a.


5/26

B. REIK$ BAHA;A DAN DAPAK.

Ka+ena !#at %e'a,anan *an "e(#atan ,an( *#a'an"an )'e +uma !a"#t

*an !a+ana "e!eatan #tu !an(at'a ")m%'e"$ ,an( me'#%ut# %e'a,anan +a/at

#na%$ +a/at a'an$ (a/at *a+u+at$ %e'a,anan me*#"$ %enunan( me*#" *an

n)n me*#" ma"a +uma !a"#t u(a me+u%a"an depot!e(a'a ma-am %en,a"#t

,an( a*a*# ma!,a+a"at. a!a+an "+#t#" !e"a+an( a*a'a #!u %en(e')'aan a#+

'#m&a *#+uma !a"#t$ *en(an *am%a" 'ua! ,an( me+u%a"an #nte+a"!#

&e+&a(a# -#en-, =+e+#(e+ant7EER

3 K)n


6/26

'e "a+ena #tu a#+ '#m&a +uma !a"#t a+u! mena*# #!u !t+ate(#! &a(#

%en(e')'a +uma !a"#t$ "e&e+a*aan !a+ana IPAL +uma !a"#t a+u! *#+an-an(

*an *#"e')'a *en(an !,!tem te"n)')(# *an mana(emen ,an( an*a'. IPAL

a+u! *#%aam# !e&a(a# !#!tem $ &u"an !e&a(a# a'at$ !e#n((a a+u!

*#+an-an( )'e tena(a %+)e!!#)na' *#*an( %en(e')'aan a#+ '#m&a.

@. TANGGUNG JA?AB PENGELLA

Ruma !a"#t ,an( te'a mem#'#"# ##n *a+# %eme+#nta$ &e+/enan(

men,e'en((a+a"an %e'a,anan "e!eatan !u!ua# %e+untu"ann,a$ u(a

&e+/enan( untu" men*a%at"an "euntun(an !e!ua# ,an( *##n(#n"an. Namun$

D#+e"!# ,an( &e+/enan( men(e')'a Ruma !a"#t u(a a+u! &e+tan((un(

a/a& !e%enun,a te+a*a% a#+ '#m&a ,an( *#a!#'"an *a+# a"t#8ta!

%e'a,anan ,an( te+a*# *en(an !e&a#" &a#"n,a a(a+ t#*a" men#m&u'"an

*am%a" me+u(#"an7mem&aa,a"an ma!,a+a"at mau%un '#n("un(an

!e"#ta+n,a ,a#tu *en(an %+#n!#% %en(e')'aan !e&a(a# &e+#"ut:

~ THE POLLUTER PAYS PRINCIPLE

;a#tu !emua %en(a!#' a#+ '#m&a !e-a+a u"um *an "euan(an

&e+tan((un( a/a& untu" men((una"an met)*e %en(e')'aan ,an( aman*an +ama '#n("un(an. Den(an *em#"#an $ %#m%#nan +uma !a"#t a+u!

mem&uat an((a+an ,an( -u"u% untu" men(e')'a !a+ana IPAL$ te+ma!u"

*#*a'amn,a %en,e*#aan !um&e+ *a,a manu!#an,a.

~ THE PRECOUTIONARY PRINCIPLE

;a#tu %+#n!#% "un-# ,an( men(atu+ %e+'#n*un(an "e!eatan =

"e!e'amatan me'a'u# u%a,a %enan(anan !e-e%at mun("#n *en(an a!um!#

+e!#") ,an( *a%at te+a*# -u"u% !#(n#8"an. Re!#") a*a'a &e+!atun,a

")m%)nen &aa,a *en(an %a%a+an$ +e!#") *a%at *#a&a#"an "a'au !a'a !atu

")m%)nen *a+# &aa,a atau %a%a+an t#*a" a*a. Ja*#$ Resiko= bahaya x

paparan.

THE DUT; @ARE PRIN@IPLE


7/26

;a#tu%+#n!#% "e/a!%a*aan &a(# %etu(a! ,an( menan(an# atau

men(e')'a IPAL "a+ena!e-a+a et#" &e+tan((un( *a'am mene+a%"an t#n((#.

~ PROXIMITY PRINSIPLE

;a#tu %+#n!#% "e*u*u"an *a'am %enan(anan a#+ '#m&a &e+&aa,a

untu" mem#n#ma'"an +e!#").

B. TUJUAN PENGELLAAN AIR LIBAH

;a#tu men(u+an(#$ mem#!a"an men(#!)'a!# *an atau

men(an-u+"an !#at 7 ")ntam#nan ,an( &e+&aa,a *en(an &e&e+a%a u%a,a

!&&:

men-e(a *an mena((u'an(# %en-ema+an te+a*a% '#n("un(an$ ,a#tu

men-e(a %a*atan te+a%un($ te+en*a%$ te+!u!%en!#$ *an &aan&aan

)+(an#" 'a#n ,an( me+u!a" e")!#!tem %e+a#+an.

memu'#"an "ua'#ta! '#n("un(!an #*u% ,an( te'a te+-ema+$ ,a#tu *en(an

mem&uat !#!tem IPAL ,an( &a#"$ ma"a '#n("un(an ,an( te+-ema+ a"anmu*a *#%u'#"an ")n*#!#n,a #"a &e&an %en-ema+an *a%at *#te"an !e"e-#'

mun("#n$ '#n("un(an e")!#!tem mem%un,a# !#!tem %emu'#an !en*#+# #"a

&a"u mutu euen memenu# !,a+at$ "a+ena euenn,a "a,a *en(an )"!#(en$

ma"a !e-a+a ")nt#n,u mem&antu %emu'#an e")!#!tem %e+a#+an ,an( !e+#n(

*#!e&ut *en(an !e' %u+#-at#)n.

men#n("at"an "emam%uan *an un(!# "ua'#ta! '#n("un(an$ #"a +uma

!a"#t !e-a+a man*#+# mam%u mem&an(un !a+ana IPAL !e#n((a men-a%a#

&a"u mutu ,an( *#teta%"an )'e un*an( un*an($ a!an,a a"an

men#m&u'"an esprit de corps *#anta+a "a+,a/ann,a$ *en(an %e+-a,a *#+#

me+e"a a"an mu*a *#a+a"an untu" men#n("at"an "ua'#ta! '#n("un(an


8/26

!e#n((a te+-#%ta '#n("un(an "e+a ,an( aman *an !eat$ &e&a! &au *an

(an((uan


9/26

Kua'#ta! *an "a+a"te+ a#+ '#m&a ,an( a"an *#)'a. Ta+(et a!#' %en()'aan ,an( *##n(#n"an$ !e%e+t# memenu# &a"u mutu

,an( *#teta%"an atau untu" men*a%at"an a#+ *au+ u'an( /ate+

+e-,-'#n(.

Ka+ena IPAL a*a'a !uatu !#!tem$ *an &u"an !emata a'at7&a+an( ,an(mu*a *#(ant#$ ma"a %e+'u *#%e+t#m&an("an &e&e+a%a a' !&&:

o Ke!e*e+anaan *#!a#n !#m%e'$ *an mu*a *#"e')'a.o Te"n)')(# !e*e+ana !e#n((a *a%at *#"e')'a )'e ten(a

"e+a !etem%at ,an( a*a.o en(a-u %a*a "etentuan *an!tan*a+ ,an( a*a$ !e%e+t#

UU$ PP$ Ke%en$ NI. D''.

@. APEK ANAJEEN. .

Pen,e*#aan %e+an("at manaemen$ %'ann#n($ )+(an#C#n($ a-tuat#n(

*an-)nt+)''#n(. Pen,e*#aan %e+an("at %enunan($ man$ m)ne,$ mate+#a'$ met)*$

*an ma-#ne

D. APEK IAL BUDA;A

Pe+#'a"u %en(unun( 7ma!,a+a"at *a'am mem&uan( !am%a a+u!

*a%at %e+at#an utama$ *a'am mem&uan( !am%a$ a*a"a'an,a

*#tem%at ,an( &e+u&un(an *en(an !a'u+an a#+ '#m&a *#%enu#

*en(an !am%a$ !e%e+t# &un("u! ma"anan$ &un("u! )&at)&atan$

&e"a! %em&a'ut$ !#!a ma"anan *'' ,an( *a%at men((an((u "#ne+a

IPAL. Pema!an(an %e+%#%aan *an a"!e!)+#! u(a mem%e+at#"an a!%e"

!)!#a' *an atat


10/26

Ka'"u'a!# a,a )%e+a!#)na' *an %eme'#a+aan t#a% &u'an.

III.DAAR HUKU

I. PARAETER DAN ITILAH.

A. PARAETER

Untu" men(etau# "a+a"te+ a#+ '#m&a *an mem&uat

%e+en-anaan7m)n#t)+#n( te+a*a% IPAL *# Ruma !a"#t$ %e+'u mem%e'aa+#

%a+amete+ a#+ '#m&a *en(an *en(an &a#" a(a+*a%at men(etau# "an*un(an

&aan &aan %en-ema+ ,an( a"an *#)'a. Be&e+a%a%a+amete+ %ent#n(

m#n#ma' ,an( a+u! *#"etau# anta+a 'a#n :

1. BODB#)-em#-a' ),(en *eman*

Pen(etauan te+a*a% %a+amete+ BD *#*a'am a#+'#m&a !an(at &e+(unauntu" mena"!#+ &e&an %en-ema+an )'e &aan )+(an#- *ante"n)')(#

%en()'aann,a !e-a+a )')(#!. An("a BD me+u%a"an %etunu"

um'a)"!#(en ,an( *#&utu"an )'e m#"+) )+(an#!me ,an( men(u+a#"an

men()"!#*a!#am%#+ !emua &aan )+(an#" te+'a+ut *an !e&a(#an ,an(

te+!u!%en!# *#*a'am a#+'#m&a. A+t#n,a n#'a# BD tidakmenunu""an um'a

&aan )+(an#- ,an(a*a$ teta%# an,a men(u"u+ !e-a+a +e'at#


11/26

D#*a'am a#+ '#m&a$ &aan&aan )+(an#" ,an( men(an*un( !en,a/a

n#t+)(en$ !u'u+$ *an %)!%)+ *a%at *#)"!#*a!# mena*# n#t+at$ !u'at *an

%)!%at. D# 'a&)+at)+#um$ ")n!um!# )"!#(en *a%at *#"etau# *en(an

men()"!#*a!# a#+ '#m&a %a*a !uu 20)@ !e'ama 5a+#$ *an n#'a# BD

*#"etau# *en(an men(#tun( !e'#!# ")n!um!# )"!#(en te+'a+ut !e&e'um *an

!e!u*a #n"u&a!#. Pen(u"u+an !e'ama 5 a+# %a*a !uu 20)@ an,a

men(#tun( !e&an,a" 6 &aan )+(an#- ,an( te+)"!#*a!# !aa *an #n#

me+u%a"an !tan*a+ u#$ "a+ena untu" men()"!#*a!# !e'u+u &aan )+(an#-

!e-a+a !em%u+na *#%e+'u"an /a"tu !e"#ta+ 20 a+# !e#n((a t#*a" e8!#en.

Da'am mem&a-a a!#' u# BD5anta+a 'a&)+at)+#um ,an( !atu

*en(an 'a#nn,a *a%at !aa &e+&e*a$ atau a!#' ana'#!an,a !e+#n("a'# t#*a"

te%at$ namun *em#"#an ana'#!a !an(at'a %ent#n( "a+ena BD

men-e+m#n"an %+)!e! a'am ,an( am%#+ !ama *en(an "en,ataan$

%en,#m%an(an *a%at te+a*# "a+ena a*an,a %+)!e! m#"+))')(#! ,an( a(a"

!u'#t *#atu+ %e+#'a"un,a.

2. COD @em#-a' ,(en Deman*.

@D atau @em#-a' ,(en Deman* a*a'a "e&utuan )"!#(en

untu" mena'an"an +ea"!# "#m#a atau um'a )"!#(en ,an( *#&utu"an untu"men()"!#*a!# &aan &aan )+(an#- *#*a'am a#+ '#m&a. N#'a# @D me+u%a"an

!a'a !atu %a+amete+ %ent#n( &a(# %en-ema+an a#+ )'e &aan )+(an#-.

eat#n,a$ &an,a" &aan )+(an#- ,an( t#*a" *a%at *#u+a#"an )'e

m#"+))+(an#!me !e'ama u# BD ,a#tu BD %a*a !aat #n"u&a!# 5 a+#$ atau

&a"an !ama !e"a'# t#*a" men(a'am# %en(u+a#an$ namun &aan )+(an#-

te+!e&ut a+u! *#"etau# um'an,a "a+ena &e+%en(a+u te+a*a% "ua'#ta!

a#+ '#m&a. @a+a men(etau# um'an,a ,a#tu *en(an -a+a u# @D$ !e#n((a

*#*a'am %eme+#"!aan 'a&)+at)+#um n#'a# @Dn,a !e'a'u 'e &e!a+ *a+# n#'a#

BD untu" !am%e' ,an( !ama.

Pa+amete+ @D mem&e+#"an (am&a+an n#'a# te+a*a% :

Ke&e+a*aan &aan )+(an#- ,an( &e+!#at )*e(+a*a&'e !e%e+t# ,an(

*#'a"u"an )'e &a"te+# %en(u+a# !e'ama u# BD !e'ama 5 a+# BD5


12/26

Ke&e+a*aan &aan )+(an#- ,an( &e+!#at )*e(+a*a&'e$ teta%# t#*a"

*a%at te+u+a# !e'ama u# BD5 $ teta%# *a%at te+u+a# *a'am %en()'aan a#+

'#m&a *en(an %+)!e! )')(#!.

Ke&e+a*aan &aan )+(an#- ,an(t#*a" men(a'am# %en(u+a#an %a*a

%en()'aan !e-a+a )')(#! n)n )*e(+a*a&'e.

A*an,a (an((uan %a*a %+)!e! %en()'aan a#+ '#m&a$ "a+ena a*an,a

&aan )+(an#- ,an( &e+!#at t)"!#" atau men(an*un( &aan &e+a-un.

A*a%un !en,a/a 'a#n,an( me+u%a"an &aan %en-ema+ *an a!an,a

mena*# !um&e+ t#n((#n,a n#'a# @D a*a'a %+)te#n$ m#n,a"$ 'ema"$ )'# *an

!u+a-tant *ete+(en.

Den(an *em#"#an$ %a+amete+ @D me+u%a"an (am&a+an *a+# ")n*#!#

%en-ema+an *a'am a#+ ,an( *a%at *#a+t#"an !&&:

@D a*a'a um'a )"!#(en ,an( *#&utu"an untu" men()"!#*a!# !emua

&aan )+(an#- *a'am a#+ '#m&a tan%a mem&e*a"an ,an( )*e(+a*a&'e *an

,an( n)n )*e(+a*a&'e.

3. Hubungan antara BOD denganCOD

D#*a'am men(ana'#!a %a+amete+ a!#' %eme+#"!aan 'a&)+at)+#um$ #"a n#'a#

BD +en*a *an n#'a# @Dn,a t#n((#$ ma"a %e+'u men*a%at %e+at#an "u!u!

"a+ena a"an &e+%en(a+u te+a*a% "#ne+a IPAL *# +uma !a"#t$ ,a#tu a*an,a#n*#"a!# (an((uan te+a*a% %e+tum&uan &a"te+# %en(u+a#. Gan((uan #n#

*a%at *#!e&a&"an )'e ma!u"n,a &aan&aan &e+a-un *a'am a#+ '#m&a

!e%e+t# @+$ H($ P&$ @N$ *'' atau "e"u+an(annut+#en !e#n((a a!#'

%eme+#"!aan %a+amete+ BDn,a +en*a$ namun *#'a#n %#a"n#'a# @D t#n((#

"a+ena %+)!e! %eme+#"!aan,a !e-a+a "#m#a ,an( t#*a" *#%en(a+u#)'e

&a"te+# %en(u+a#. Hu&un(an anta+aBD *en(an @D #n# a!an,a

*#n,ata"an *a'am &entu" n#'a# +a!#) %e+&an*#n(an+ata +ata$ menu+ut A'ae+t

*an ant#"a 1M a*a'a !e%e+t# ta&e' *#&a/a #n#.

Ta&e' 1.

Ra!#) %e+&an*#n(an +ata +ata anta+a BD5*en(an @D$ %a*a &e+ma-am

ma-am en#! a#+

0$4 0$6 A#+ '#m&a %en*u*u"7*)me!t#-


13/26

0$6 A#+'#m&a %en*u*u"7*)me!t#- !ete'a men(a'am#

%en(en*a%an a/a'

0$2 A#+'#m&a %en*u*u"7*)me!t#- !ete'a *#)'a !e-a+a

)')(#!

0$1 A#+!un(a# ,an( t#*a" te+-ema+

0$5 0$65 A#+ '#m&a &e+a-un *a+# #n*u!t+# )+(an#- tan%a "e+a-unan

0$0 0$2 A#+ '#m&a &e+a-un *a+# #n*u!t+,an)+(an#" atau

&e+a-un

e'anutn,a n#'a# +a!#)#n# *a%at *#(una"an !e&a(a# +uu"an *a'am mem&uat

*#!a#n !#!tem IPAL ,an( men((una"an %en()'aan )')(#!$ #"a +a!#)n,a

"u+an(*a+# 0$4 ma"a %en()'aan !e-a+a )')(#! t#*a" !e!ua# *an a+u!

men-a+# !#!tem%en()'aan 'a#n$ namun #"a me'e# 0$6 !u'#t *#*a%at "a+ena

n#'a# BD !e'a'u'e "e-#' *a+# @D.

'e "a+ena #tu #"a +uma!a"#t a"an mem&uat *#!a#n %en()'aan !e-a+a

)')(#! ma"a a+u! men(u!aa"an")n*#!# a#+ '#m&an,a men,e+u%a# a#+

'#m&a *)me!t#- a#+ '#m&a %en*u*u",a#tu men(u!aa"an +a!#)

%e+&an*#n(an %a+amete+ BD *en(an @D &e+"#!a+ anta+a 0$4 0$6. Be(#tu

u(a untu" u%a,a m)n#t)+#n( "#ne+a IPAL en*a"n,a !e'a'umem%e+at#"an+a!#) anta+a BD *en(an @D #n# a(a+ %+)!e! %en()'aan a#+ '#m&a*a%at

&e+a'an *en(an )%t#ma'.

4. Hubungan antara BOD denganDO.

Hu&un(an %a+amete+ BD*en(an D D#!)'


14/26

A%a'a a*a &aan)+(an#- ma!u" "e*a'am !uatu %e+a#+an !e-a+a &e+'ean

t#m&u' %en-ema+an$ma"a um'a &a"te+# %en(u+a# ae+)- a"an tum&u

*en(an %e!at a(a+ *a%atmen(u+a#"an &aan )+(an#- ,an( &e+'eanan

te+!e&ut$ a"#&atn,a "e&utuan)"!#(en men#n("at %u'a$ *an a"an

men(am' )"!#(en te+'a+ut ,an( a*a *#*a'ama#+. Den(an *em#"#an te+a*#

%enu+unan n#'a# )"!#(en te+'a+ut D *an!e"a'#(u! men#n("at"an n#'a#

BDn,a$ )'e "a+ena #tu$ a(a+ ")n*#!# )"!#(ente+'a+ut *#*a'am a#+ teta%

*a'am "e!e#m&an(an%e+'u *#tam&a *en(an )"!#(en te+'a+ut me'a'u#

%a!)"an u*a+a 'ua+ *a+# me!#n&')/e+.

5. TSS T)ta' u!)en*e* !)'#*

T)ta' !u!%en*e* !)'#* atau %a*atan te+!u!%en!# t)ta' Ta*a'a +e!#*u *a+#

%a*atan t)ta' ,an(te+taan )'e !a+#n(an *en(an u"u+an %a+t#"e' ma"!#ma'

2Om atau 'e &e!a+*a+# u"u+an %a+t#"e' ")')#*. ;an( te+ma!u" T a*a'a

'um%u+$ tana '#at$ ')(am)"!#*a$ !u'8*a$ (an((an($ &a"te+# *an amu+. T

umumn,a *##'an("an *en(an)"u'a!# *an %en,a+#n(an. T

mem&e+#"an k&%'#suntu" "e"e+uantu+*#t, ,an( men(am&at

%enet+a!# -aa,auntu" )t)!#nte!#! *an


15/26

6. AmmoniaNH3 $NH4

Am)n#a *#a!#'"an *a+# %em&u!u"an %+)te#nna&at#$ e/an# *an ")t)+an %a*at

'a#n ,an( te+&entu" %a*a !aat %en(u+a#an!e-a+a anae+)- te+a*a%!en,a/a

u+ea *ana!am u+#ne.

A-&%"a*a'a !en,a/a "#m#a*en(an +umu!N H3. B#a!an,a !en,a/a #n#

*#*a%at# &e+u%a(a!*en(an &au taam ,an( "a! *#!e&ut &au am)n#a.

?a'au%un am)n#a mem#'#"# !um&an(an %ent#n(&a(#

"e&e+a*aan nut+#!#*# &um#$ am)n#a !en*#+# a*a'a !en,a/a"au!t#"$ ")+)!#$

&e+&aa,a *an *a%at me+u!a""e!eatan. A*m#n#!t+a!# Ke!e'amatan

*anKe!eatan Pe"e+aanAme+#"a e+#"atmem&e+#"an &ata! 15 men#t &a(#

")nta" *en(an(a! am)n#a &e+")n!ent+a!#35 %%m


16/26

M. BAS.methylene blueactive substances

BAa*a'a met)*e ana'#!#! %e"t))t)met+# ,a#tu me+u%a"an met)*e

%en(u"u+an ,an(&e+*a!a+"an %a*a #nte+a"!# +a*#a!# e'e"t+)ma(net#" *en(an

%a+t#"e' *an a"#&at*a+# #nte+a"!# te+!e&ut men,e&a&"an ene+(# *#!e+a% atau

*#%an-a+"an )'e%a+t#"e' *an *#u&un("an %a*a ")n!ent+a!# ana'#" *a'am

'a+utan. P+#n!#% *a!a+!%e"t))t)met+# U#! a*a'a "et#"a m)'e"u'

men(a&!)+%!# +a*#a!# U atau8!#&e' *en(an %anan( (e')m&an( te+tentu$

e'e"t+)n *a'am m)'e"u' a"anmen(a'am# t+an!#!# atau %en(e"!#ta!#an *a+#

t#n("at ene+(# ,an( 'e +en*a "et#n("at ene+(# ,an( 'e t#n((# *an

!#atn,a "a+a"te+#!t#" %a*a !et#a%!en,a/a. Pen,e+a%an -aa,a *a+# !um&e+

+a*#a!# )'e m)'e"u' *a%at te+a*#a%a'a ene+(# +a*#a!# ,an( *#%an-a+"an

at)m ana'#" te%at !ama *en(an %e+&e*ant#n("at ene+(# t+an!#!# e'e"t+)nn,a

Ru*#$ 2004.

et,'#neB'ue &e+ea"!# *en(an !u+a"tan an#)n mem&entu" %a!an(an #)n

&a+u ,an( te+'a+ut*a'am %e'a+ut )+(an#"$ #nten!#ta! /a+na +u ,an(

te+&entu" *#u"u+ *en(an!%e"t+))t)mete+ *en(an %anan( (e')m&an( 652

nm. e+a%an ,an( *#u"u+ !eta+a*en(an "a*a+ !u+a"tan an#)n An)n#m$200. u+a"tan me+u%a"an Cat a"t#%e+mu"aan ,an( men,e&a&"an

tu+unn,a te(an(an %e+mu"aan -a#+an !e#n((amemun("#n"an &e+t#n*a"

!e&a(a# Cat %em&e+!# atau %en(am&u+ *a'am #n*u!t+#atau +uma tan((a.

Untu" men(etau# 'e au tentan( Cat %em&e+!# ,an(me+u%a"an Cat

%em&e+!# ,an( &e+&entu" *ete+(en !#ntet#! ma"a &e+#"ut *#u+a#"anu+a#an

tentan( *ete+(en.

DETERGEN

ete'a%e+an( *un#a "e II$ *#"em&an("an &aan%en-u-# !#ntet#! ,an(

*#"ena' *en(an !e&utan *ete+(en !e&a(a# a'te+nat# &aan%em&e+!#

")nen!#)na' !e%e+t# !a&un$ "eun((u'an *ete+(en #n# a*a'a t#*a"men(en*a%


17/26

&e+!ama #)n ')(am *a'am a#+ !a*a. Dan !e"a+an( #n# %en((unaan*ete+(en

!an(at me'ua! *#ma!,a+a"at !e&a(a# &aan %en-u-# atau %em&e+!#

,an(!an(at ee"t# *an ee!#en.

Pa*aumumn,a *ete+(en men(an*un( &aan&aan !e&a(a# &e+#"ut :

a. u+a"tan u+a-e a-t#


18/26

Pa*a !aat #n# #n*u!t+# men(u&a *ete+(en,an( )*e(+e*a&'e ,a#tu

men((una"an !en,a/a A'"#' L#nea+ u')nat AL *en(an!t+u"tu+ +anta#

'u+u! !e&a(a# (ant# +anta# &e+-a&an(. en,a/a #n# &u!an,a

mu*a*##'an("an *an t)"!#!#ta!n,a te+a*a% #"an !an(at +en*a.

&. BuilderPem&entu"

Vat,an( &e+un(!# men#n("at"an ee!#en!# %en-u-#an *a+# !u+a"tan *en(an

-a+amen)n a"t#"an m#ne+a' %en,e&a& "e!a*aan a#+. Baan &u#'*e+ anta+a

'a#nP)!%ate! )*#um T+# P)', P)!%at7TTP$ A!etat N#t+#' T+#

A-etate7NTA$EDTA Et,'ene D#am#ne Te+t+a A-etat$ *an #t+at a!am !#t+at.

-. Filler Pen(#!#

Baan tam&aan*ete+en ,an( t#*a" mem%un,a# "emam%uan men#n("at"an

*a,a -u-#$ teta%# menam&a"uant#ta! atau *a%at mema*at"an *an

memanta%"an !e#n((a *a%at menu+un"ana+(a. @)nt): )*#um !u'ate.

*.AdditiviesVat Tam&aan

Baan!u%'emen7tam&aan untu" mem&uat %+)*u" 'e mena+#"$ m#!a'n,a

%e/an(#$%e'a+ut$ %emut#$ %e/a+na *an !e&a(a#n,a ,an( t#*a" &e+u&un(an

'an(!un( *en(an*a,a -u-# *ete+en.Additivies *#tam&a"an untu" ma"!u*")me+!#a'#!a!#%+)*u". @)nt) : Enyme$ Bora!$ "odium

chloride$ #arbo!yMethyl #ellulose @@ *#%a"a# a(a+ ")t)+an ,an( te'a

*#&a/a )'e *ete+en"e *a'am 'a+utan t#*a" "em&a'# "e &aan -u-#an %a*a

/a"tu men-u-#.?an(#/an(#an atau %a+um *#%a"a# a(a+ -u-#an &e+&au

a+um$ !e*an("an a#+!e&a(a# &aan %e'a+ut A*m#n$ 2010.

TOKSISITASDETERGEN

Kemam%uan*ete+en untu" men(#'an("an &e+&a(a# ")t)+an ,an(

menem%e' %a*a "a#n atau)&e" 'a#n$ men(u+an(# "e&e+a*aan "uman *an

&a"te+# ,an( men,e&a&"an #ne"!#.Tan%a men(u+an(# ma"na manaat

*ete+en *a'am memenu# "e&utuan !ea+#a+#$a+u! *#a"u# &a/a &aan


19/26

"#m#a ,an( *#(una"an %a*a *ete+en *a%at men#m&u'"an*am%a" ne(at#

&a#" te+a*a% "e!eatan mau%un '#n("un(an. Dua &aan te+%ent#n(*a+#

%em&entu" *ete+en ,a"n# !u+a"tan *an builders$ *##*ent#8"a!#mem%un,a#

%en(a+u 'an(!un( *an t#*a" 'an(!un( te+a*a% manu!#a *an'#n("un(ann,a

A*m#n$ 2010.

Ka*a+!u+a"tan 1 m(7'#te+ *a%at men(a"#&at"an te+&entu"n,a &u!a

*#%e+a#+an. e!"#%unt#*a" &e+!#at t)"!#"$ "e&e+a*aan !u+a"tan *a%at

men#m&u'"an +a!a %a*a a#+ *an*a%at menu+un"an a&!)+%!# )"!#(en *#

%e+a#+an E9en*#$ 2003.

Pen(a+u'#n("un(an ,an( %a'#n( e'a! a*a'a a*an,a &u!a %a*a a'#+an

!un(a#. H,ne! *anR)&e+t! 162$ *a'am !tu*# a'#+an !un(a# *# In((+#! ,an(

mene+#ma '#m&a a#+men(an*un( !u+a"tan 24 %%m t#*a" *a%at

men*ete"!# %e+u&aan a%a %un *a'am!t+u"tu+ ")mun#ta! )ta a#+ "a+ena

!u+a"tan @)nne''$ 15.

Dete+en "e+a!&e+&aa,a &a(# #"an a+%un ")n!ent+a!#n,a "e-#'$ m#!a'n,a

nat+#um *)*e!#'&enCene !u')nat *a%at me+u!a" #n!an( #"an$ a+%un an,a

5 %%m. Tanaman a#+u(a *a%at men*e+#ta #"a "a*a+ *ete+en t#n((#.

Kemam%uan )t)!#ntet#! *a%atte+ent# a!t+a/#a,a$ 11.

Pe+ma!a'aanu(a *#t#m&u'"an )'e *ete+en ,an( men(an*un( &an,a"%)'#)!at ,an( me+u%a"an%en,u!un *ete+en ,an( ma!u" "e &a*an a#+.

P)'#%)!at *a+# *ete+en #n#*#%e+"#+a"an mem&e+#"an ")nt+#&u!# !e"#ta+ 50

*a+# !e'u+u )!at ,an(te+*a%at *#%e+a#+an. Ke&e+a*aan )!at ,an(

&e+'ean men!t#mu'#+ te+a*#n,aeutrofkasi%en("a,aan %e+a#+an E9en*#$

2003.

PENENTUAN SURFAKTAN DENGANMETILEN BIRU

et)*e #n#mem&aa! tentan( %e+%#n*aan met#'en +u ,a#tu 'a+utan

"at#)n#" *a+# 'a+utana#+ "e *a'am 'a+utan )+(an#" ,an( t#*a" *a%at -am%u+


20/26


21/26

Be&an %e+mu"aan a*a'a *et a#+ '#m&a%e+a+# *#&a(# *en(an 'ua!

%e+mu"aan tan("#. Be&an %e+mu"aan #n# men((am&a+"an"e-e%atan a#+

'#m&a !e-a+a


22/26

Te"n#" Pen()'aan !e-a+a 8!#"a"#m#a atau

Te"n#" Pen()'aan !e-a+a#!#"a K#m#a B#)')(#

en(#n(at &an,a"n,a te"n)')(# ,an(*a%at *#%#'# !e!ua# "e&utuan *an

tuuan ,an( a"an *#-a%a#$ ma"a %enu'#! an,amen,a#"an &aa!an +#n("a!

,an( &e+u&un(an *en(an *#!a#n IPAL *# +uma !a"#t7%emu"#man !aa$ a(a+

%em&aa!an 'e +#n("a!.

A. PENGLAHAN AIR LIBAH E@ARAIIKA

Pen()'aan !e-a+a 8!#"amen((una"an "a#*a 8!#"a untu"

mem#!a"an &en*a %a*at "a!a+ atau &en*a -a#+ %en((an((u ,an(

te+&a/a )'e a'#+an a#+ '#m&a$ !e%e+t# !am%a$ %em&a'ut$ &en*a

men(a%un($ &en*amen(en*a%$ 'ema"$ &u!a $ *aun$ !#!a na!#$ &e"a! %e+&an

*''. Be&e+a%a te"n)')(# ,an( *a%at *#()')n("an *a'am %en()'aan!e-a+a

8!#"a anta+a 'a#n:

1. Ta%#!an -+een

;a#tu mema!an( a'at ta%#!an *#tem%at ,an( &an,a" *#um%a# !am%a "a!a+

a(a+ t#*a" ma!u" *a'am !a'u+an %#%a a#+ '#m&a$ !e%e+t# *a%u+$ +uan(

-u-#$"ama+ man*#$ &a" ")nt+)' *''. Bentu" 'a%#!an #n# me+u%a"an !u!unan

&e&e+a%a*e+u# &e!# taan "a+at *an u"u+ann,a &e+ma-am ma-am

te+(antun( *a+# 'eta" *an"a+a"te+ &en*a"a!a+ ,an( a"an *#ta%#!. U"u+ananta+ *e+u# a!an,a anta+a 5 mm !am%a# 15 mm$ *an &en*a &en*aa!#'

ta%#!an *#&uan( !e-a+a &e+"a' *en(an -a+a *# &a"a+ *# *a'am

tun("u%em&a"a+ #n-ene+at)+

2. Pen(en*a%an !e*#menta!#.

Ben*a &en*a ,an( mem%un,a +a%atma!a 'e &e!a+ *a+# a#+ '#m&a$ !e%e+t#

%a!#+$ a&u ()!)"$ !'u*(e *a%at *#!#!#"an *en(an -a+a%en(en*a%an. Tan("#

%en(en*a%an a!an,a *#*#!a#n *en(an -a+a mem%e+'am&at"e-e%atan a'#+an

!e)%t#ma' mun("#n untu"men(en*a%"an &en*a &en*a ,an(

mem%un,a#+a%at ma!a &e!a+.

Pen(atu+an "e-e%atan a'#+an #n# men((una"an+umu! W A$ *en(an

mem%e+'e&a+ 'ua!%e+mu"aan %a*a tan("# ,an( *#'e/at# ,an( *#'e/at# )'e

a#+ '#m&a ma"a a"ante+a*# %en(en*a%an


23/26

Untu" tan("# ,an( a'#+ann,a


24/26

B. PENGLAHAN AIR LIBAH E@ARA KIIA.

Untu" men()'a a#+'#m&a *#+uma !a"#t7 %emu"#man u(a men((una"an

&aan &aan "#m#a te+tentu untu" mem%e+&a#"# "ua'#ta! euenn,a$

D#*a'am %+a"te"$ te"n#" "#m#a ,an(*#(una"an *#*a'am %en()'aan a#+

'#m&aanta+a 'a#n :

Teknik oksidasi$ te"n#")"!#*a!# atau ,an( *#"ena' *en(an #!t#'a

A*


25/26

Bentu" &aan "a%)+#t #n# a*a ,an( &e+&entu" (a!$ -a#+an$ &ut#+an

atau%unta&'et. Pema"a#an "a%)+#t$ a+u! men((una"an ta"a+an7*)!#! ,an(

te%at "a+ena!#!a "')+ mu*a &e+!en,a/a *en(an &aan &aan )+(an#"

!e%e+t# am)n#a" ,an( a"anmem&entu" !en,a/a t+#a')metane atau

-')+))+m ,an( &e+!#at "a+!#n)(en#"

*oagu+asi$ J#"a *a'am "ea*an te+tentu$ #"a !um&e+ a#+'#m&an,a te+'a'u

&an,a" &aan te+!u!%en!# %e+'u *#"en*a'#"an *en(an menam&a&aan

")a(u'an untu" men(u+an(# ")n!ent+a!#n,a.

Baan ")a(u'an ,an( !e+#n( *#%a"a# anta+a 'a#n:

Tawas,atau a'um#n#um !u'at A'24$!e+#n( *#(una"an "a+ena

en*a%an )"n,a &e+/a+na %ut# *an menu+un"an !e*#"#t%H a#+. D#*a'am

%+)!e! ")a(u'a!# !e+#n(*#tam&a"an &aan a'"a'# *an %em&antu ")a(u'an

untu" mem%e+-e%atte+&entu",a )" (um%a'an *#*a'am a#+.Pen(atu+an

*)!#! ta/a! *#'a"u"an*en(an a+ te!t !e*e+ana$ *)!#! ,an( *#%a"a# ,a#tu :

20 m(+7'$ 40 m(+7'$ 60 m(+7' $ 0 m(+7' *an 100 m(+7' . Den(an

mem&an*#n("an t#n("at"e"e+uan !ete'a %em&u&uan ta/a! ma"a

*#"etau# *)!#! ta/a! ,an( -)-)"

$A#,P)', A'um#n#um -')+#*e$ u(a&an,a" *#(una"an !e&a(a# ")a(u'an

*a'am %en()'aan "a+ena 'e e8!#en *a+#%a*a ta/a!$ namuna+(an,a'e maa' *a+# &aan ")a(u'an 'a#n.

%operasatau e++) !u'at e24$&an,a" *#(una"an *a'am %a&+#"

,an( &an,a" men(an*un( Cat /a+na$ a+(an,a mu+a$namun men(a!#'"an

+e!#*u &e+/a+na "un#n(.

@. PENGLAHAN E@ARA BILGI

D#*a'am %en()'aan a#+ '#m&a+u#ma !a"#t ,an( &an,a"

*#&aa!te"n)')(#n,a a*a'a %en()'aan !e-a+a )')(#!$ ,a#tu men((una"an

a!am#"+))+(an#!me %en(u+a# untu" me+)m&a" atau men(u+a#"an &aan

)+(an#" ,an( a*a*#*a'am a#+ '#m&a untu" %e+tum&uan$ %em&entu"an !e'

&a+u atau %eme'#a+aan"e#*u%ann,a . D#*a'am atatn,a$ m#"+))+(an#!me

%en(u+a# ,an( mam%u me'a"u"an!#nte!a )")m#a a*a'a &a"te+#()')n(an


26/26

ete+)t+)%#-. G)')n(an &a"te+##n# !an(at *)m#nan !e&a(a# &a"te+# %en(u+a#

*an mu*a &e+"em&an( a"$ "a+a"te+n,a *a%at *#e'a!"an !e&a(a# &e+#"ut :

1.Ba"te+# Anae+)&$

Ba"te+# anae+)& ,a#tu &a"te+# ,an(mem%un,a# atat "e#*u%an *a'am

!ua!ana tan%a )"!#(en$ &a"te+# #n# mu'a# *#'#+#" )'e %a+a a'#

untu"mem%e+&a#"# "#ne+a IPAL +uma !a"#t ,an( ")n

disain_ipal_praktis_dengan_biofilter_abi.docx

Documents