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AAE 415 Aerodynamic Design

Final Project Presentation

Large Horizontal-Axis

Wind Turbine DesignTed Light

Jeff Robinson

December 13, 2003


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Outline

Background

Wind Energy & History

Types of Wind Turbines

Wind Turbine Aerodynamics

Design Process

Starting Point and Analysis Method

Results


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Wind Energy & History

Wind energy has been used

for thousands of years, for

sailing, pumping water,

grinding grain, etc.

In the early 1900s, windturbines were used to

produce direct electric

current to small areas

Oil Crisis of 1970s renewedinterest in wind turbines as a

cheap, clean, unlimited

source of energy


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Types of Wind Turbines

Darrius VerticalAxis Wind Turbine

Large HorizontalAxis Wind Turbine

Traditional Windmill


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Airfoil Aerodynamics

Wind = V0

Rotation = r*W

Relative Wind = W a

Wind Speed and Turbine Rotation must be

combined to find total velocity that airfoil sectionssee


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Desired Airfoil Qualities

For a fixed-pitch, constant speed machine,

recommended airfoil qualities at 0.75R are:

High L/D

Low clmax near tip reduces tendency to

overpower generator in high wind speeds

Insensitive to surface roughness (bugs, birds,

bullets)


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Design Process

CMARC used to analyze designs

Existing wind turbine with known geometry

and performance modeled for baseline

comparison

Assumed constant velocity generator

(Power) = (Moment)*(Rotation Rate)

Variation and Analysis of Designs

Geometric parameters modified


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Analysis Strategy

Start with an existing wind turbine, then

modify its geometry

Geometry varied

Airfoil section

Twist distribution

Chord distribution

Rotational rate, number of blades and

span were held constant


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Mod-2 Wind Turbine

Manufactured by Boeing in late 1970s

Development sponsored by NASA


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Mod-2 Wind Turbine Specifications

3.45 m 1.43 m

13.7 m

45.7 m

Diameter = 91.4 m

No. of Blades = 2 Average Wind Speed = 12.5 m/s

Rotation Rate = 17.5 rpm

Airfoil: NACA 23024

Power Output = 2.5 MW


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CMARC Inputs

Rotation rate about x-axis set to that of

Mod-2 wind turbine (17.5 rpm)

Many wind turbines are constant speed

Wind Speed set to local average wind

speed for Mod-2 (12.5 m/s)

Baseline geometry emulated Mod-2

geometry, then varied


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Results

r/R (1) (2) (3)

0 15 14 10

0.25 11.4 11.4 8

0.5 5.7 7 6

0.75 3.8 3.8 4

1 2.85 2.85 2

Chord Changes

r/R (1) (2) (3)

0 6.1 6.0 5.5

0.25 66.7 27.8 83.5

0.5 83.4 49.5 89

0.75 93.8 71.3 90

1 111.6 93.0 92

Twist Changes (values in deg from wind axis)

Mod-2 Baseline Model 5816 ---

Mod-A Airfoil Changed to NACA 651-012 5516 -12%

Mod-B Airfoil Changed to NACA 65-410 6179 15%

Mod-C Airfoil Changed to Althaus AH 93-W-145 2551 -131%

Mod-D Chord Change (1) from Mod-B with no sweep 8914 124%

Mod-E Chord Change (2) from Mod-B with no sweep 8442 105%

Mod-F Chord Change (3) from Mod-B with no sweep 7872 82%

Mod-G Chord Change (3) from Mod-B with sweep 9380 143%

Mod-H Twist Change (1) from Mod-G 10367 182%

Mod-I Twist Change (2) from Mod-G 7849 81%

Mod-J Twist Change (3) from Mod-G 7735 77%

Mod-2 Rating Published Power Rating 2500

Model # DescriptionPower (kW)

Dfrom

Baseline


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Results

Leading Edge

Root Section

Blade Tip

Airfoil NACA 65-410

r/R Chord (m) Twist (deg)0 10 6.1

0.25 8 66.7

0.5 6 83.4

0.75 4 93.8

1 2 111.6


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Cp Distribution


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Wake

for

Best

Blade


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Results


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Questions?

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