daftar pustaka 1. price, sa, wilson, lm. patofisiologi : konsep

15
45 DAFTAR PUSTAKA 1. Price, SA, Wilson, LM. Patofisiologi : Konsep Klinis Proses-Proses Penyakit. Volume 2 Ed/6. Hartanto H, Susi N, Wulansari P, Mahanani DA, editor. Jakarta: EGC; 2005. BAB 53, Penyakit Serebrovaskular; hal. 1106-1129. 2. Robbins. Buku Ajar Patologi. Volume 2 Ed/7. Hartanto H, Darmaniah N, Wulandari N, editor. Jakarta: EGC; 2007. BAB 23, Sistem Saraf; hal. 908- 909. 3. Siswanto Y. Beberapa Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Kejadian Stroke Berulang (Studi Kasus RSUP DR. Kariadi Semarang). Semarang: Universitas Diponegoro; 2010. 4. Hoyert DL, Xu J. Deaths: Preliminary Data for 2011. National Vital Statistics Report. 2012; 61(6): 1-4. 5. Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia, Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan Nasional. Laporan Hasil Riset Kesehatan Dasar Nasional (RISKESDAS), 2013. Republik Indonesia: Kementerian Kesehatan; 2013. 6. Valentina, LB. Aplikasi Klinis Patofisiologi: Pemeriksaan dan Manajemen. Ed/2. Yulianti D, editor. Jakarta: EGC; 2007. BAB 19, Stroke; hal.273. 7. Corwin, EJ. Buku Saku Patofisiologi. Ed/3. Jakarta: EGC; 2009. BAB 8, Sistem Saraf; hal. 251-252. 8. National Institute of Health. The Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure, USA. US Departement of Health and Human Services, August 2004. 9. Davey, P. At a Glance Medicine. Jakarta: Erlangga; 2005. Penyakit Kardiovaskular, Hipertensi; hal. 138-139.

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Page 1: DAFTAR PUSTAKA 1. Price, SA, Wilson, LM. Patofisiologi : Konsep

45

DAFTAR PUSTAKA

1. Price, SA, Wilson, LM. Patofisiologi : Konsep Klinis Proses-Proses Penyakit.

Volume 2 Ed/6. Hartanto H, Susi N, Wulansari P, Mahanani DA, editor.

Jakarta: EGC; 2005. BAB 53, Penyakit Serebrovaskular; hal. 1106-1129.

2. Robbins. Buku Ajar Patologi. Volume 2 Ed/7. Hartanto H, Darmaniah N,

Wulandari N, editor. Jakarta: EGC; 2007. BAB 23, Sistem Saraf; hal. 908-

909.

3. Siswanto Y. Beberapa Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Kejadian Stroke Berulang

(Studi Kasus RSUP DR. Kariadi Semarang). Semarang: Universitas

Diponegoro; 2010.

4. Hoyert DL, Xu J. Deaths: Preliminary Data for 2011. National Vital Statistics

Report. 2012; 61(6): 1-4.

5. Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia, Lembaga Penelitian dan

Pengembangan Kesehatan Nasional. Laporan Hasil Riset Kesehatan Dasar

Nasional (RISKESDAS), 2013. Republik Indonesia: Kementerian Kesehatan;

2013.

6. Valentina, LB. Aplikasi Klinis Patofisiologi: Pemeriksaan dan Manajemen.

Ed/2. Yulianti D, editor. Jakarta: EGC; 2007. BAB 19, Stroke; hal.273.

7. Corwin, EJ. Buku Saku Patofisiologi. Ed/3. Jakarta: EGC; 2009. BAB 8,

Sistem Saraf; hal. 251-252.

8. National Institute of Health. The Seventh Report of the Joint National

Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High

Blood Pressure, USA. US Departement of Health and Human Services,

August 2004.

9. Davey, P. At a Glance Medicine. Jakarta: Erlangga; 2005. Penyakit

Kardiovaskular, Hipertensi; hal. 138-139.

Page 2: DAFTAR PUSTAKA 1. Price, SA, Wilson, LM. Patofisiologi : Konsep

46

10. Stroke Association, UK. Atherosclerosis and Stroke. 2012. [dikutip pada

tanggal 17 Januari 2015]. Diakses dari: http://www.prezi.com

11. Ralph LS, Scott EK, Joseph PB, Louis RC, Mary GG, Allen DH, et al.

American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. An Updated

Definition of Stroke for the 21st Century: A statement for Healhtcare

Professionals From the American Heart Association/American Stroke

Association. AHA Journal Stroke. 2013; 44: 2064-2089.

12. Mardjono, M, Sidharta, P. Neurologi Klinis Dasar. Jakarta: Dian Rakyat;

2004. BAB 9, Mekanisme Gangguan Vaskular Susunan Saraf; hal. 269.

13. Joint National committee VII Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and

Treatment of High Blood Pressure, USA. US Department of Health and

Human Services, Agustus 2004. [dikutip pada tanggal 10 Oktober 2014].

Diakses dari: http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov

14. Rizaldy P. Analisis Situasi Pengendalian Tekanan Darah Untuk Prevensi

Stroke Sekunder. Cermin Dunia Kedokteran. 2008; 165(35): 328-330.

15. Gofir A. Manajemen stroke. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Cendekia Press; 2009.

Definisi Stroke, Anatomi Vaskularisasi Otak dan Patofisiologi Stroke; hal.

19-43.

16. American Heart Association. Stroke and High Blood Pressure. 2014. [dikutip

pada tanggal 20 Januari 2015]. Diakses dari: http://www.heart.org

17. Dewanto, G, Suwono, WJ, Riyanto, B, Turana, Y. Panduan Praktis Diagnosis

dan Tatalaksana Penyakit Saraf. Jakarta: EGC. 2007. Stroke, Stroke Iskemik

dan Stroke Hemoragik; hal. 24-31.

18. Batticaca, FB. Asuhan Keperawatan pada Klien dengan Gangguan Sistem

Persarafan. Jakarta: Salemba Medika; 2008. BAB 4, Asuhan Keperawatan

Klien dengan Stroke; hal. 58.

Page 3: DAFTAR PUSTAKA 1. Price, SA, Wilson, LM. Patofisiologi : Konsep

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19. Mardjono, M, Sidharta, P. Neurologi Klinis Dasar. Jakarta: Dian Rakyat;

2004. BAB 9, Mekanisme Gangguan Vaskular Susunan Saraf; hal. 291.

20. Qodriani, TK. Hubungan Antara Rasio Kadar LDL/HDL kolesterol dengan

Kejadian Stroke Iskemik Ulang di RSUD dr. Moewardi Surakarta. Surakarta:

Universitas Sebelas Maret. 2010.

21. Bhalla A, Wang Y, Rudy A, Wolfe CD. Differences in Outcome and

Predictors Between Ischemic and Intracerebral Hemorrhage. American Heart

Association/American Stroke Association. AHA Journal Stroke. 2013; 44:

2174-2181.

22. Peter K. Physical Activity and Cardiovascular Disease Prevention. Canada:

Jones and Bartlett Publishers. 2010. Chapter 8, Epidemiology of

cardiovascular disease; hal. 206-207.

23. Junaidi, I . Pencegahan dan Pengobatan Stroke. Jakarta: Buana Ilmu Populer.

2000.

24. Welin L, Svardsudd K, Wilhelmsen L, Larsson B, Tibblin G. Analysis of

Risk Factors for Stroke in A Cohort Of Men Born In 1913. N Engl J Med.

1987; 317: 521-526.

25. Kiely DK, Wolf PA, Cupples LA, Beiser AS, Myers RH. Familial

Aggregation of Stroke: The Framingham Study. Stroke. 1993; 24: 1366-1371.

26. Russel R. Atheroclerosis an inflammatory disease. N Engl J Med. 1999;

340(2): 115-126.

27. Adnan IQ. Acute Hypertensive Response in Patients With Stroke

Pathophysiology and Management. American Heart Association. Circulation.

2008; 118: 176-187.

28. Broderick J, Sander C, Edward F, Daniel H, Carlos K, Derk K, et al.

Guidelines for the Management of Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage in

Adults. American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. AHA

Journal Stroke. 2007; 38: 2001-2023.

Page 4: DAFTAR PUSTAKA 1. Price, SA, Wilson, LM. Patofisiologi : Konsep

48

29. Leonardi JB, Phillips SJ, Bath PM, Sandercock PA. Blood Pressure and

Clinical Outcomes in the International Stroke Trial. American Heart

Association/American Stroke Association. AHA Journal Stroke. 2002; 33:

1315-1320.

30. Lukovits TG, Mazzone TM, Gorelick TM. Diabetes Mellitus and

Cerebrovascular Disease. Pub Med. Neuroepidemiology. 1999; 18(1): 1-14.

31. Jieli C, Xu C, Alex Z, Yisheng C, Cynthia R, Michael C. White Matter

Damage and the Effect of Matrix Metalloproteinases in Type 2 Diabetic Mice

After Stroke. Pub Med. Stroke. 2011; 42(2): 445–452.

32. American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Atherosclerosis

and Stroke. 2014. [dikutip pada tanggal 19 November 2014]. Diakses dari:

http://www.strokeassociation.org

33. Brenner D, Labreuche J, Pico F, Scheltens P, Poirier, Cambien F, et al. The

renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in cerebral small vessel disease. J

Neurol. 2008; 255(7): 995-1000.

34. Newman, MF, Fleisher, LA, Fink, MP. Perioperative Medicine: Managing for

Outcome. Philadelphia: Saunders Elsevier. 2008. Chapter 8, Central nervous

system risk assessment; hal. 72.

35. Aminoff, MJ. Neurology and General Medicine. New York: Churchill

Livingstone; 2008. Chapter 61, Stroke is a complication of general medical

disorder; hal. 1172.

36. Misnadiarly. Rematik: Asam Urat - Hiperurisemia, Arthritis Gout. Jakarta:

Pustaka Obor Populer. 2007. Asam Urat; hal. 10.

37. Kim SY, Guevara JP, Ki KM, Choi HK, Heitjan DF, Albert DA, et al.

Hyperuricemia and risk of stroke: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

American College of Rheumatology. 2009; 61(7): 885–892.

Page 5: DAFTAR PUSTAKA 1. Price, SA, Wilson, LM. Patofisiologi : Konsep

49

38. Danesh J, Lewington S, Thompson SG, Lowe GD, Collins R, Kostis JB, et al.

Plasma fibrinogen level and the risk of major cardiovascular diseases and

nonvascular mortality: an individual participant meta-analysis. In JAMA: the

journal of the American Medical Association. 2005; 294(14): 1799-1809.

39. Maas MB, Safdieh JE. Ischemic Stroke: Pathophysiology and Principles of

Localization. Neurology Board Review Manual. Neurology. 2009; 13(1): 2-

16.

40. Pal, GK, Pravati, P. Practical Physiology Ed/2. Chennai: Orient Longman

Private Limited. 2006. Cardiovascular system, measurement of blood

pressure; hal. 193.

41. Ronny, S, Fatimah, S. Fisiologi Kardiovaskular. Jakarta: EGC. 2010. Definisi

tekanan darah; hal. 26.

42. Ibnu, M. Dasar-Dasar Fisiologi Kardiovaskuler. Jakarta: EGC. 1996.

43. Cambridge Communication Limited. Anatomi dan Fisiologi Sistem

Pernapasan dan Kardiovaskular. Jakarta: EGC. 2012. Jantung, Curah jantung;

hal. 32.

44. Granstein, RD, Luger, TA. Neuroimmunology of the skin: Basic Science to

Clinical Practice. Verlag Berlin Heidelberg: Springer. 2009. Chapter 3,

autonomic effects on the skin; hal. 24.

45. Direktorat Bina Upaya Kesehatan Kementerian Kesehatan RI. Pedoman

Teknis Bangunan Rumah Sakit Ruang Perawatan Intensif. 2012. [dikutip

pada tanggal 21 Januari 2015]. Diakses dari: http://aspak.buk.depkes.go.id

46. Keputusan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia No. 1778. Pedoman

Penyelenggaraan Pelayanan Intensive Care Unit (ICU) di Rumah Sakit. 2010.

[dikutip pada tanggal 21 Januari 2015]. Diakses dari: http://buk.depkes.go.id

Page 6: DAFTAR PUSTAKA 1. Price, SA, Wilson, LM. Patofisiologi : Konsep

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47. Peter A, Birgitta S, Andreas T. Sex Differences in Stroke Epidemiology.

AHA Journal Stroke. 2009; 40: 1082-1090.

48. Ong TZ, Raymond AA. Risk factors for stroke and predictors of one-month

mortality. Singapore Medical Journal. 2002; 43 (10): 517-521.

49. Jaana M, Leppala, Jarmo V, Rainer F, Demetrius A, Olli PH. Different Risk

Factors for Different Stroke Subtypes Association of Blood Pressure,

Cholesterol, and Antioxidants. AHA Journal Stroke. 1999; 30: 2535-2540.

50. Wallace JD, Levy LL. Blood Pressure After Stroke. JAMA. 1981; 246 (19):

2177-2180.

Page 7: DAFTAR PUSTAKA 1. Price, SA, Wilson, LM. Patofisiologi : Konsep

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Lampiran 1. Ethical Clearance

Page 8: DAFTAR PUSTAKA 1. Price, SA, Wilson, LM. Patofisiologi : Konsep

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Lampiran 2. Ijin penelitian dari instansi yang berwenang

Page 9: DAFTAR PUSTAKA 1. Price, SA, Wilson, LM. Patofisiologi : Konsep

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Lampiran 3. Spreadsheet data

DATA PASIEN STROKE DI RUANG RAWAT INTENSIF RSUP DR.

KARIADI SEMARANG PERIODE 1 JANUARI-30 JUNI 2014

No DRM Nama Jenis

Kelamin

Usia Jenis

Stroke

Tek.

Darah

Klasifikasi JNC

VII

1 C467383 Tn. UT laki-laki 53 SH 146/97 hipertensi 2

2 C483533 Tn. M laki-laki 66 SNH 160/99 hipertensi 2

3 C465302 Ny. S perempuan 69 SH 101/70 normal

4 C462501 Tn. AB laki-laki 61 SH 128/74 pre-hipertensi

5 C469780 Ny. EH perempuan 46 SH 169/100 hipertensi 2

6 C312051 Ny. D perempuan 76 SNH 103/50 normal

7 C247011 Tn. YU laki-laki 54 SH 137/93 hipertensi 1

8 C464750 Tn. MS laki-laki 63 SH 121/76 pre-hipertensi

9 C461530 Tn. D laki-laki 63 SNH 202/105 hipertensi 2

10 C422063 Tn. HD laki-laki 76 SNH 93/44 normal

11 C318067 Tn. H laki-laki 51 SNH 102/61 normal

12 C466166 Tn. R laki-laki 62 SH 169/97 hipertensi 2

13 C458437 Tn.MD laki-laki 29 SH 103/77 normal

14 C469257 Tn. K laki-laki 50 SH 147/106 hipertensi 2

15 C460955 Ny. SF perempuan 50 SH 168/87 hipertensi 2

16 C467016 Tn. L laki-laki 66 SH 195/97 hipertensi 2

17 C482674 Tn. AK laki-laki 80 SNH 122/55 pre-hipertensi

18 C068864 Ny.YK perempuan 76 SNH 152/82 hipertensi 1

19 B333224 Ny. SN perempuan 70 SH 186/96 hipertensi 2

20 C460084 Tn. BH laki-laki 36 SH 113/59 normal

21 C465984 Tn. SM laki-laki 55 SH 207/98 hipertensi 2

22 C468664 Tn.MB laki-laki 43 SH 133/70 pre-hipertensi

23 C332915 Ny. B perempuan 60 SH 115/61 normal

24 C465443 Ny. SH perempuan 67 SNH 144/67 hipertensi 1

25 C430002 Ny. SB perempuan 43 SH 118/71 normal

26 C460373 Tn. FD laki-laki 5 SH 146/110 hipertensi 2

27 C458463 Tn. TD laki-laki 55 SH 128/86 pre-hipertensi

28 C464213 An. AI laki-laki 10 SH 130/62 pre-hipertensi

29 C481410 An. AR laki-laki 0 SH 104/53 normal

30 C461043 An. NF perempuan 7 SH 136/110 hipertensi 2

31 C470832 Tn. SK laki-laki 59 SH 106/58 normal

32 B316975 Ny.ME perempuan 49 SH 194/88 hipertensi 2

33 C460749 An.AK laki-laki 0 SH 74/43 normal

34 C456327 Tn. H laki-laki 51 SH 180/92 hipertensi 2

Page 10: DAFTAR PUSTAKA 1. Price, SA, Wilson, LM. Patofisiologi : Konsep

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Lampiran 4. Hasil analisis data dengan program SPSS

Frekuensi Pasien Stroke berdasarkan Jenis Kelamin

Statistics

jenis kelamin

N Valid 34

Missing 0

jenis kelamin

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative

Percent

Valid

laki-laki 23 67,6 67,6 67,6

perempuan 11 32,4 32,4 100,0

Total 34 100,0 100,0

Frekuensi Pasien Stroke berdasarkan Usia

Statistics

usia

N Valid 34

Missing 0

usia

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative

Percent

Valid

0-11 tahun 5 14,7 14,7 14,7

26-45 tahun 4 11,8 11,8 26,5

46-65 tahun 16 47,1 47,1 73,5

>65 tahun 9 26,5 26,5 100,0

Total 34 100,0 100,0

Page 11: DAFTAR PUSTAKA 1. Price, SA, Wilson, LM. Patofisiologi : Konsep

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Frekuensi Pasien Stroke berdasarkan Jenis Stroke

Statistics

jenis stroke

N Valid 34

Missing 0

jenis stroke

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative

Percent

Valid

stroke hemoragik 26 76,5 76,5 76,5

stroke non hemoragik 8 23,5 23,5 100,0

Total 34 100,0 100,0

Frekuensi Pasien Stroke berdasarkan Tekanan Darah

Statistics

tekanan darah

N Valid 34

Missing 0

tekanan darah

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative

Percent

Valid

normal 11 32,4 32,4 32,4

pre-hipertensi 6 17,6 17,6 50,0

hipertensi 1 3 8,8 8,8 58,8

hipertensi 2 14 41,2 41,2 100,0

Total 34 100,0 100,0

Page 12: DAFTAR PUSTAKA 1. Price, SA, Wilson, LM. Patofisiologi : Konsep

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Analisis Hubungan Tekanan Darah dengan Jenis Stroke

Case Processing Summary

Cases

Valid Missing Total

N Percent N Percent N Percent

tekanan darah * jenis stroke 34 100,0% 0 0,0% 34 100,0%

tekanan darah * jenis stroke Crosstabulation

jenis stroke Total

stroke hemoragik stroke non

hemoragik

tekanan darah

normal

Count 8 3 11

Expected Count 8,4 2,6 11,0

% within jenis stroke 30,8% 37,5% 32,4%

% of Total 23,5% 8,8% 32,4%

pre-hipertensi

Count 5 1 6

Expected Count 4,6 1,4 6,0

% within jenis stroke 19,2% 12,5% 17,6%

% of Total 14,7% 2,9% 17,6%

hipertensi 1

Count 1 2 3

Expected Count 2,3 ,7 3,0

% within jenis stroke 3,8% 25,0% 8,8%

% of Total 2,9% 5,9% 8,8%

hipertensi 2

Count 12 2 14

Expected Count 10,7 3,3 14,0

% within jenis stroke 46,2% 25,0% 41,2%

% of Total 35,3% 5,9% 41,2%

Total

Count 26 8 34

Expected Count 26,0 8,0 34,0

% within jenis stroke 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

% of Total 76,5% 23,5% 100,0%

Page 13: DAFTAR PUSTAKA 1. Price, SA, Wilson, LM. Patofisiologi : Konsep

57

Chi-Square Tests

Value df Asymp. Sig.

(2-sided)

Exact Sig. (2-

sided)

Exact Sig. (1-

sided)

Point

Probability

Pearson Chi-Square 4,010a 3 ,260 ,285

Likelihood Ratio 3,500 3 ,321 ,458

Linear-by-Linear

Association

,270b 1 ,604 ,655 ,357 ,102

N of Valid Cases 34

a. 6 cells (75,0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is ,71.

b. The standardized statistic is -,519.

Page 14: DAFTAR PUSTAKA 1. Price, SA, Wilson, LM. Patofisiologi : Konsep

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Lampiran 5. Dokumentasi penelitian

Page 15: DAFTAR PUSTAKA 1. Price, SA, Wilson, LM. Patofisiologi : Konsep

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Lampiran 6. Biodata Mahasiswa

Identitas

Nama : Rahma Trianisa

NIM : 22010111120008

Tempat/tanggal lahir : Kotabumi, 08 Oktober 1993

Jenis kelamin : Perempuan

Alamat : Jl. Soekarno Hatta Gg. H. Achmad No. 19 Rajabasa,

Bandar Lampung

Nomor HP : 085769619177

e-mail : [email protected]

Riwayat Pendidikan Formal

1. SD : SD Negeri 05 Kelapa Tujuh Kotabumi Lulus tahun : 2005

2. SMP : SMP Negeri 7 Kotabumi Lulus tahun : 2008

3. SMA : SMA Negeri 2 Bandar Lampung Lulus tahun : 2011

4. FK UNDIP : Masuk tahun 2011