A Lecture &

Gagne’s lecturing techniqueby

Dr.Rizwan Saeed(MBBS, DOMS, MPH, MBA)

Assistant Professor Community Medicine

Azra Naheed Medical CollegeSuperior University Lahore

dr.riz@hotmail.com

A.LECTURE

B. GAGNE’S 9 events of instruction ---- a lecturing technique

Lecture

“ An oral presentation intended to present

information or teach people about a particular subject”

retrieved from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lecture

Lecture

(Essentials of educational technology: lecture a strategy)

• A good lecture informs, stimulates, and sometimes entertains

• entertaining lecture is to make the information more accessible

“Lecturing remains the mainstay of many university courses and conference programs and when done well it can be

an extremely effective large group teaching technique”.

Held, 2009

Lecturing

• Gesture• Eye contact• Tone /voice• Rapport• Authority• Topic & subject knowledge• Physical environment & settings• Tools• Technique + ---------------------------- ?• Time

Michael Faraday delivering lecture in 1856

Rembrandt's The Anatomy Lecture of Dr. Nicolaes Tulp

Lecturing tools

• Verbal (talk & walk) SPEECH • Walk, talk and chalk PRESENTATION

tool

Lecturing tools

Takahashi Method uses king-sized text as a visual

Lessig-style Presentation uses photos and other graphics, along with king sized texts

Syllabus Exam

He is … It’s too hot outside

Slide courtesy: Dr.Al-Eraki

Ventura 2010Med Teach. 2009 Jul;31(7):662-4.

The role of the lecturer has changed to one where they must engage and

motivate students to learn the subject material.

• Competent Teacher --- Tell

• Good teachers --- Explain

• Excellent teachers --- Demonstrate

• Outstanding teachers --- Inspire

© Muhammed Al-Eraky

The 9 Events of Instruction

Gagne, Briggs, & Wager(1988)

1916- 2002

1. GAIN ATTENTION

2- Announce Objectives, so learners can expect what they are going to learn.

Propose the AIMs of a lecture

Provide a model for lecture planning

What students will learn, LOs

Types of lecturing

How to make it interactive?

Adv. & Disadv. of lectures

3- Stimulate recall of prior knowledge the working memory, so learners can relate new knowledge to the old one.

4- Present new content (mini-lectures)

• Audio • Video • Role Play

• Graph • Photo • Image • Table

• Flowchart

• Smell • Touch• Animation• Text

(murmurs)(behavior) (behavior)

(statistics) (patient) (CT/MRI)(comparison)

(Diff. Diagnosis)

(maple syrup urine)(mass) (process / cycle)(anything else)

5- Provide learning guidance

6- Elicit learners’ performance to check their learning progress.

•verbal•Written

7- Provide corrective Feedback

8- Assess learners’ performance

9- Enhance retention & transfer

Keep in mind that the exact form of these events is not something that can be specified in general for all lessons, but rather must be decided for each learning objective. The events of instruction must be deliberately arranged by the teacher to support learning processes.

(Gagne, Briggs, & Wager, 1988)

Shortcomings of traditional Lecture

Shortcomings of traditional Lecture

College is a place where a professor’s lecture notes go straight to the students’ lecture notes, without passing through the brains of either.

(Mark Twain)

Fast paced :

Slow paced :

Telling isn’t teaching!

Learning

Single most important element