bidang : sains dan teknologi - unj

Bidang : Sains dan Teknologi

LAPORAN

PENELITIAN TERAPAN UNGGULAN PERGURUAN TINGGI

(PTUPT) TAHUN 2020

PENGEMBANGAN ANTENA BEAMFORMING MIMO

UNTUK APLIKASI TEKNOLOGI SELULER 5G

TIM PENELITI

Ketua Peneliti : Efri Sandi NIDN : 0002027508

Anggota Peneliti : Aodah Diamah NIDN : 0019097802

Baso Marudani NIDN : 0002058301

Reza Ramadhan NIM : 5215160788

FAKULTAS TEKNIK

UNIVERSITAS NEGERI JAKARTA

SEPTEMBER 2020

ii

HALAMAN PENGESAHAN

PENELITIAN TERAPAN UNGGULAN

PERGURUAN TINGGI (PTUPT) TAHUN 2020

Judul Penelitian : Pengembangan Antena Beamforming

MIMO Untuk Aplikasi Teknologi Seluler

5G

Kode Bidang Ilmu : 453/ Teknik Telekomunikasi

Identitas Ketua Peneliti

a. Nama Lengkap : Dr. Efri Sandi, MT

b. NIDN : 0002027508

c. Jabatan Fungsional : Lektor

d. Program Studi : Pendidikan Teknik Elektronika

e. Nomor HP : 0812 1240 9609

f. Alamat Surel (e-mail) : [email protected]

Identitias Anggota Peneliti (1)

a. Nama Lengkap : Dr. Aodah Diamah, M.Eng

b. NIDN : 0019097802

c. Jabatan Fungsional : Asisten Ahli

d. Program Studi : Pendidikan Vokasional Teknik Elektronika

Tahun Pelaksanaan : Tahun ke-1 dari rencana 2 tahun

Biaya Tahun Berjalan : Rp. 158.100.000 (Seratus Lima Puluh

Delapan Juta Seratus Ribu Rupiah)

Biaya Keseluruhan : Rp. 270.650.000 (Dua Ratus Tujuh Puluh

Juta Enam Ratus Lima Puluh Ribu Rupiah)

Jakarta, 17 September 2020

Mengetahui,

Dekan Ketua Peneliti,

Dr. Uswatun Hasanah, M.Si Dr. Efri Sandi, MT.

NIP. 196703261994032001 NIP.197502022008121002

Menyetujui,

Ketua Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian Masyarakat

Universitas Negeri Jakarta

Dr. Ucu Cahyana, M.Si

NIP. 196608201994031002

mailto:[email protected]

iii

DAFTAR ISI

Halaman Pengesahan ii

Daftar Isi iii

Ringkasan iv

BAB I PENDAHULUAN

1.1 Latar Belakang 1

1.2 Tujuan Penelitian 2

1.3 Keutamaan/Urgensi Penelitian 2

BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA 3

BAB III METODOLOGI PENELITIAN

3.1 Jenis Penelitian 7

3.2 Disain Penelitian 7

3.3 Instrumen Penelitian 9

BAB IV PROGRES PENELITIAN

4.1 Pengembangan Desain Antena MIMO 5G 11

4.2 Pengembangan Teknik Multiple Slot-U 11

4.3 Pengembangan Teknik Dumbbell Shaped Ganda DGS 12

4.4 Pengembangan Antena MIMO Beamforming 17

4.4 Hasil Penelitian 18

4.5 Luaran Wajib 24

4.6 Luaran Tambahan 25

DAFTAR PUSTAKA

LAMPIRAN 1

LAMPIRAN 2

LAMPIRAN 3

LAMPIRAN 4

LAMPIRAN 5

iv

RINGKASAN

Salah satu bagian penting dari pengembangan teknologi komunikasi seluler 5G adalah

pengembangan antena yang memiliki kemampuan beamforming dan multiple input

multiple output (MIMO) sehingga mendukung kinerja jaringan 5G berkecepatan tinggi.

Hasil-hasil riset desain antena 5G saat ini mengusulkan desain antena 5G multi-band,

desain antena MIMO, desain antena beamforming dan desain untuk peningkatan

performansi radiasi antena 5G. Upaya untuk meningkatkan performansi, terutama gain

dan beamwidth masih berkorelasi langsung dengan peningkatan jumlah elemen antena

yang dibutuhkan, sehingga dimensi antena menjadi lebih besar. Performansi tinggi

masih memerlukan ukuran dimensi antena yang besar, sehingga perlu dikembangkan

riset untuk mencari solusi peningkatan performansi dengan tetap mempertahankan

dimensi antena 5G. Dimensi antena yang kecil dan sederhana sangat diperlukan dalam

aplikasi antena 5G, terutama untuk antena yang dipasang pada perangkat penerima 5G.

Untuk itu dalam riset ini dikembangkan desain multiple U-Slot dan Teknik DGS sehingga

diperoleh antena beamforming MIMO dengan performansi dan ukuran yang lebih baik

dari hasil penelitian sebelumnya. Selanjutnya dilakukan desain, pengembangan dan

pengujian antena MIMO beamforming pada frekuensi 3.5 GHz dan 26 GHz sebagai

prototipe desain antena MIMO 5G Beamforming.

Kata Kunci :

Antena 5G, Antena Beamforming, Antena MIMO, Multiple U-Slot, DGS.

Laporan Kemajuan Penelitian Terapan Unggulan Perguruan Tinggi 2020 Hal 1

BAB I

Pendahuluan

1.1 Latar belakang

Perkembangan teknologi komunikasi seluler saat ini dalam tahap memasuki generasi

ke-5 (5G) yang mempunyai tantangan untuk mencapai kecepatan tinggi, efisiensi

daya dan keandalan sistem [1]. Salah satu perangkat penting dalam teknologi 5G

adalah perangkat antena yang mendukung kinerja jaringan teknologi 5G. Teknologi

seluler 5G membutuhkan antena yang mempunyai performansi tinggi, sistem

transmisi Multiple Input-Multiple Output (MIMO) dan beamforming [2-3]. Teknologi

5G direkomendasikan bekerja pada frekuensi millimeter-wave (24 -28 GHz) sehingga

antena 5G harus di desain bekerja pada band frekuensi millimeter-wave [4].

Beberapa hasil pengembangan antena 5G multi-band belum menunjukan performansi

radiasi yang optimal. Hasil pengembangan dual-band antena 5G menunjukan

performansi gain sebesar 7.5 dB dengan kemampuan cross polarisasi serta pengaturan

beam 360° [5]. Demikian juga desain dan konstruksi antena mobile station 5G dengan

kemampuan tri-band menghasilkan antena 5G yang bekerja pada frekuensi 28/38/48

GHz dengan performansi gain sebesar 8 dB [6].

Optimasi performansi radiasi antena 5G dilakukan dengan pengembangan desain

konfigurasi antena array sehingga diperoleh gain yang lebih tinggi. Desain antena 5G

menggunakan konfigurasi antena array 33 elemen dengan teknik proximity-coupled

menghasilkan gain 21 dB [7] dan teknik grid array menghasilkan gain 13.87 dB [8].

Namun konsekuensi dari konfigurasi array ini menjadikan dimensi antena menjadi

lebih besar. Optimasi performansi dengan teknik array juga dilakukan dengan desain

built-in pada sistem perangkat pemancar-penerima 5G, namun performansi gain

masih relatif rendah [9-10].

Pengembangan desain antena array 5G juga dikombinasikan dengan teknik tapered

slot dan dual slant. Teknik tapered slot menghasilkan impedansi bandwidth yang baik

dan performansi gain 9 dB [11], sedangkan metode dual slant menghasilkan isolasi

tinggi namun performansi gain masih rendah [12].


Selain teknik array, pengembangan performansi antena 5G juga dilakukan pada

antena mikrostrip Vivaldi dan mikrostrip Lens. Performansi gain antena mikrostrip

Vivaldi menghasilkan 11 dB [13] dan antena mikrostrip Lens mencapai 11.32 dB

[14]. Hasil ini menunjukan rekayasa antena mikrostrip mampu menghasilkan

performansi gain yang lebih tinggi.

Disamping performansi radiasi, antena 5G juga dikembangkan untuk memenuhi

kemampuan beamforming, sehingga dapat mengurangi interferensi sinyal transmisi

(SNR) dan meningkatkan kecepatan transmisi teknologi 5G [15].

Desain antena 5G beamforming telah dikembangkan dalam berbagai teknik, seperti

substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) [16], pengembangan algoritma sinyal

prossesing dan teknik sub-array [17], dan switched beam menggunakan S-PIN Diodes

[18].

Hasil-hasil penelitian ini memperlihat peta pengembangan antena 5G pada saat ini

dan masih memerlukan pengembangan performansi gain dan beamwidth serta

dimensi yang lebih kecil dan sederhana. Untuk itu, dalam rencana riset dan

pengembangan antena MIMO beamforming 5G ini akan diterapkan teknik antena

mikrostrip sparse array [19-21] untuk memperoleh peningkatan performansi dan

dikombinasikan dengan teknik antena beamforming.

1.2 Tujuan Khusus Penelitian

1. Menghasilkan perbaikan performansi dan dimensi antena 5G MIMO

Beamforming dibandingkan hasil penelitian yang sudah ada.

2. Menghasilkan karya ilmiah untuk dipublikasikan pada prosiding internasional

terindeks scopus dan jurnal internasional bereputasi.

3. Menghasilkan HKI berupa prototipe antena array MIMO beamforming untuk

aplikasi teknologi 5G.

1.3 Keutamaan (Urgensi) Penelitian

Memberikan kontribusi pengembangan perangkat antena untuk aplikasi teknologi

seluler 5G sehingga dapat menjadi dasar pengembangan antena pada industri

telekomunikasi di Indonesia.


BAB II

TINJAUAN PUSTAKA

Teknologi seluler 5G adalah kemampuan kecepatan transfer data melebihi 10 Gbps

untuk single user per cell dengan latency konektifitas kurang dari 1 ms [1].

Disamping kebutuhan untuk tekbologi 5G adalah kemampuan tingkat availability

yang sangat tinggi dan konsumsi daya yang rendah.

Teknologi kunci untuk pengembangan teknologi seluler 5G adalah pengembangan

teknologi spasial modulation dan signal processing/coding, teknologi antena massive

MIMO dan teknik beamforming antena untuk mendukung pengolahan spasial

modulasi [2].

Antena MIMO merupakan rekayasa teknik antena untuk menghasilkan teknik

diversity yang lebih baik sehingga dapat mengurangi efek multipath fading antara

pemancar dan penerima [2]. Dengan teknik MIMO akan diperoleh signal to noise

ratio (SNR) yang lebih baik sehingga dapat meningkatkan kemampuan kecepatan

transmisi data.

Teknologi 5G membutuhkan konfigurasi antena MIMO yang lebih banyak (massive

MIMO). Kemampuan kunci dari penerapan massive MIMO adalah meningkat potensi

gain dan perbaikan SNR. Kompleksitas konfigurasi massive MIMO membutuhkan

teknik desain antena yang lebih komprehensif untuk memperhitungkan berbagai

fenomena yang timbul akibat jumlah elemen yang banyak [2].

Rekomendasi Internasional Telecommunication Union (ITU) teknologi 5G bekerja

dalam spektrum frekuensi lebar pada band millimeter-wave. Untuk itu dibutuhkan

design antena 5G yang bekerja pada band frekuensi tersebut. Beberapa usulan desain

memperlihatkan arah dan peta pengembangan antena 5G, seperti usulan multi-band

antena, teknik array antena 5G dan teknik beamforming.

Desain antena dual-band menggunakan teknik circulary polirised phased array

antenna menghasilkan performansi gain sekitar 7.5 dB dengan kemampuan cross

polarisasi serta pengaturan beam untuk 360° [5]. Desain dual-band antena 5G ini


memperlihatkan hasil yang baik untuk S-parameter, effisiensi antena, polarisasi dan

pengaturan beam.

Hasil lain pengembangan antena 5G multi-band adalah tri-band multi polarisasi array

antena untuk base station 5G. Desain antena ini bekerja pada band frekuensi 28/38/48

GHz. Performansi gain yang hasilkan adalah 8 dB dengan axial rasio kurang dari 3

dB [6]. Kemampuan beamforming dikembangkan menggunakan methoda

gravitational search algorithm (GSO) yang dikombinasikan dengan teknik optimasi

particle swarm optimization (PSO).

Optimasi performansi radiasi antena 5G dilakukan dengan pengembangan desain

konfigurasi antena array sehingga diperoleh gain yang lebih tinggi. Desain antena 5G

menggunakan konfigurasi antena array 33 elemen dengan teknik proximity-coupled

menghasilkan gain 21 dB [7]. Proposal ini mengajukan desain antena low-cost dan

high gain yang bekerja pada frekuensi 27.5-28.5 GHz. Teknik lain yang

dikembangkan adalah grid array yang menghasilkan gain 13.87 dB pada frekuensi

24 GHz[8]. Namun konsekuensinya dimensi antena menjadi besar dan meningkatkan

kompleksitas dalam pengaturan beam.

Pengembangan optimasi performansi dengan teknik array juga dilakukan dengan

desain built-in pada sistem perangkat pemancar-penerima 5G. Proposal yang diajukan

adalah 2x4 array untuk antena 5G beamforming dan reconfigurable dalam satu modul

transceiver 5G [9]. Hasilnya dapat meningkatkan effective isotropic radiated power

(EIRP) dan high data rate 5G pada frekuensi 28 GHz [9]. Proposal lain adalah

pengembangan low-complexity metalic tapered slot antenna (TSA) pada millimeter-

wave. Dihasilkan performansi koefisien refleksi lebih rendah -15 dB, VSWR 1.45

pada frekuensi 22.5-32 GHz dan gain 8.2-9.6 dB serta SLL -9dB [10]. Secara umum

proposal built-in antena 5G memperlihatkan performansi yang cukup baik, namun

performansi gain masih perlu ditingkatkan.

Pengembangan desain antena array 5G juga dikombinasikan dengan teknik tapered

slot dan dual slant. Dalam proposal teknik tapered slot dilakukan optimasi 4x4 patch

array antenna menggunakan metode defected ground sturcture (DGS) dan hybrid

algorithm. Hasil pengembangan ini diperoleh peningkatan Gain 2.44 dB. Untuk


optimasi array dihasilkan koefisien refleksi -12 dB pada freq 28-38 GHz [11]. Teknik

tapered slot juga menghasilkan impedansi bandwidth yang baik dan performansi gain

9 dB [11]. Proposal desain lain adalah menggunakan cavity-backed dual slant

polarised antenna dengan low mutual coupling pada frekuensi 4.9-6 GHz untuk

MIMO 5G. Metode dual slant menghasilkan isolasi tinggi -20 dB namun performansi

gain masih rendah [12].

Selain teknik array, pengembangan performansi antena 5G dilakukan menggunakan

rekayasa dan pengembangan antena mikrostrip. Propsosal desain antena mikrostrip

Vivaldi menghasilkan performansi gain antena mikrostrip Vivaldi menghasilkan 11

dB pada frekuensi 17.5 GHz [13]. Pengembangan antena mikrostrip lainnya adalah

desain antena mikrostrip Lens. Desain antena Vivaldi array untuk aplikasi 5G

diperoleh isolasi tinggi dengan gain antara 6.96 – 11.32 dB [14]. Hasil ini

menunjukan rekayasa antena mikrostrip mampu menghasilkan performansi gain yang

tinggi.

Disamping performansi radiasi, antena 5G juga dikembangkan untuk memenuhi

kemampuan beamforming, sehingga dapat mengurangi interferensi sinyal transmisi

dan meningkatkan kecepatan transmisi data [15]. Antena beamforming dirancang

untuk menghasilkan berkas radiasi yang dapat dirobah-robah sesuai kebutuhan sistem

komunikasi yang menggunakan antena tersebut. Untuk merobah arah berkas radiasi

antena diperlukan pengaturan eksitasi phase pada masing-masing elemen antena

array. Dalam aplikasi antena beamforming dikembangkan dengan prinsip teknologi

adaptive beamforming. Teknologi ini mengembangkan suatu algoritma untuk

mendeteksi arah sinyal sumber dan mengarahkan berkas radiasi antena array melalui

pengaturan phasa eksitasi elemen antena array sehingga berkas radiasinya langsung

kearah sumber sinyal tersebut.

Desain antena 5G beamforming telah dikembangkan dalam berbagai teknik.

Pengembangan antenna menggunakan flat substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) pada

frekuensi 28 GHz menghasilkan isolasi lebih tinggi 10 dB pada jarak elemen yang

sangat dekat dibanding metode konvensional dengan gain sebesar 9 dB [16]. Desain

antena ini dikombinasikan dengan antenna LTE-A pada frekunesi 2.4 GHz dan

memiliki pengaturan beam yang baik.


Antena beamforming juga dikembangkan dengan menerapkan teknik multibeam

antenna (MBA) menggunakan algorithm digital signal processing (DSP), komponen

radio pada millimeter-wave serta metode pergeseran fasa untuk masing-masing

elemen sub-array yang dirancang [17]. Teknik beamforming lain yang diusulkan

adalah teknik switched-beam menggunakan S-PIN Dioda untuk pergantian arah beam

pada frekunesi 28 GHz. Hasil pengembangan antena ini diperoleh kemampuan

menghasilkan tiga arah beam dalam satu penerimaan sinyal [18].

Hasil-hasil penelitian ini memperlihat peta pengembangan antena 5G pada saat ini

dan masih terbuka peluang untuk mengembangkan antena 5G MIMO dan

beamforming melalui solusi peningkatan performansi gain dan beamwidth serta

dimensi yang lebih kecil dan sederhana. Solusi yang memungkinkan untuk

peningkatan performansi gain dengan tetap mempertahan dimensi antena adalah

menggunakan desain sparse array sebagaiman hasil penelitian penulis sebelumnya

[19-21]. Untuk itu, dalam rencana riset dan pengembangan antena MIMO

beamforming 5G ini diterapkan teknik antena sparse array dan mengkombinasikan

dengan teknik beamforming.


BAB III

METODOLOGI PENELITIAN

3.1. Jenis Penelitian

Penelitian ini adalah jenis Penelitian R&D pada laboratorium

3.2. Disain Penelitian

Disain Penelitian dikembangkan dengan tahapan proses sebagai berikut :

1. Studi Literatur

Studi literatur dilakukan untuk memperoleh gambaran tentang sejauh mana

penelitian tentang antena 5G telah dilakukan sebelumnya melalui jurnal-jurnal

ilmiah seperti IEEE Transactions on Antenas and Propagation, IEEE Antenas and

Wireless Propagation Letters, IET Microwaves, Antenna and Propagation dan

jurnal-jurnal ilmiah international bereputasi lainnya yang berhubungan dengan

teknologi antena 5G. Dari studi literatur akan diperoleh kesimpulan sejauh mana

perkembangan dan metode-metode yang telah dikembangkan untuk mendesain

antena melalui teknik MIMO dan Beamforming dalam meningkatkan performansi

antena array.

Selanjutnya dari hasil studi literatur diperoleh state of the art dari riset yang akan

dilakukan serta kontribusi keterbaruan dan sumbangan bagi perkembangan

pengetahuan desain antena MIMO dan beamforming, khususnya untuk aplikasi

sistem komunikasi seluler 5G.

2. Studi Teknik Desain Antena MIMO

Setelah studi literatur dilakukan, langkah berikutnya adalah melakukan

pengembangan model dan perekayasaan pada antena mikrostrip array untuk

menghasilkan teknik desain baru dalam merancang antena MIMO dan

beamforming yang bekerja pada frekuensi millimeter-wave untuk aplikasi sistem

komunikasi seluler 5G. Selanjutnya dilakukan studi untuk mencari disain sparse

array yang dapat diterapkan untuk meningkatkan efisiensi jumlah eleman antena

array MIMO.


Tahapan penelitian

Tahapan penelitian untuk menghasilkan teknik desain antena MIMO dan

beamforming untuk aplikasi teknologi 5G adalah sebagai berikut:

Alur Proses Penelitian Tahun Pertama

Detail Tahapan dan Tugas Penelitian Tahun Pertama

No Detail Tahapan Penelitian Pelaksana Tugas

1 Studi Literatur Ketua Peneliti

Anggota Peneliti

2 Pengembangan Model dan Kalkulasi Ketua Peneliti

Anggota Peneliti

3 Simulasi Rancangan Antena MIMO pada

Frekuensi 5G

Ketua Peneliti

Anggota Peneliti

4 Simulasi Rancangan Disain Sparse Array Ketua Peneliti

5 Fabrikasi Antena MIMO 5G Anggota Peneliti

6 Pengujian dan Pengukuran Antena MIMO 5G Ketua Peneliti

Anggota Peneliti

7 Perakitan Prototipe Antena MIMO 5G Ketua Peneliti

Anggota Peneliti

8 Analisis dan Perbandingan Hasil Ketua Peneliti

Anggota Peneliti

9 Penulisan Paper untuk Publikasi Ketua Peneliti

Anggota Peneliti

10 Pendaftaran HKI Anggota Peneliti


Alur Proses Penelitian Tahun Kedua

Detail Tahapan dan Tugas Penelitian Tahun Kedua

No Detail Tahapan Penelitian Pelaksana Tugas

1 Pengembangan Model dan Kalkulasi Ketua Peneliti

Anggota Peneliti

2 Simulasi Rancangan Antena MIMO

Beamforming Frekuensi 5G

Ketua Peneliti

Anggota Peneliti

3 Tahapan Fabrikasi Antena MIMO Beamforming

5G Anggota Peneliti

4 Pengujian dan Pengukuran Antena MIMO

Beamforming 5G

Ketua Peneliti

Anggota Peneliti

5 Perakitan Prototipe Antena MIMO

Beamforming 5G

Ketua Peneliti

Anggota Peneliti

6 Analisis dan Perbandingan Hasil Ketua Peneliti

Anggota Peneliti

9 Penulisan Paper untuk Publikasi Jurnal Ketua Peneliti

Anggota Peneliti

3.3 Instrumen Penelitian

1. Software Simulasi CST Microwave Studio

CST MICROWAVE STUDIO (CST MWS) adalah software khusus yang

digunakan untuk simulasi elektromagnetik 3D yang memiliki berbagai fitur dan


komponen simulasi. CST MWS mampu melakukan analisa yang cepat dan akurat

untuk berbagai komponen RF seperti antena, filter, coupler, planar dan struktur

multi-layer.

2. Instrumen Fabrikasi

Setelah dilakukan proses pemodelan dan verifikasi konfigurasi disain thinning

array antena melalui simulasi software, maka dilakukan proses fabrikasi yang

dilakukan dengan pada workshop yang memiliki peralatan Circuit Board Plotter

seperti sistem LPKF Circuit Board Plotter ProtoMat M60 atau yang sejenis untuk

menjamin bahwa hasil pemodelan memiliki tingkat presisi dan kualitas yang baik.

Material fabrikasi antena mikrostrip array disesuaikan dengan hasil simulasi

software CST yang paling optimal dan ketersediaan dari pemasok.

3. Instrumen Pengukuran Antena

Dalam riset ini instrumen pengukuran antena yang digunakan adalah sebagai

berikut :

a. Pola Radiasi Far Field Antena dengan Anechoic Chamber

b. Vector Network Analyzer (VNA) dengan kemampuan pada range frekuensi 50

kHz sampai 40 GHz atau sejenis.

c. Spectrum Analyzer (SA) yang memiliki kemampuan pada range sampai

dengan 40 GHz atau sejenis.

d. Rangkaian Phase shifter dengan minimal output 64 bit dengan frekuensi

sampai dengan 30 GHz.

e. Jumper dan connector sesuai kebutuhan antenna array

f. Power splitter dengan frekuensi sampai dengan 30 GHz

g. Solder dan alat pendukung perakitan antena lainnya


BAB IV

PROGRES PENELITIAN

4.1 Pengembangan Desain Antena MIMO 5G

Hasil studi literatur dan analisis peneliti, maka untuk mengembangkan antenna

MIMO 5G dikembangkan dengan dua pendekatan, yaitu :

1. Pengembangan Antena MIMO 5G menggunakan teknik Multiple U-Slot untuk

meningkatkan performansi bandwidth antenna 5G pada frekuensi 28 GHz.

2. Pengembangan Antena MIMO 5G menggunakan teknik Dumbbell Shaped

Ganda pada rekayasa Defective Ground Structure (DGS) sehingga diperoleh

antena 5G pada frekuensi 28 GHz dengan bandwidth dan gain yang lebih baik.

4.2 Pengembangan Teknik Multiple U-Slot

Dalam berbagai penelitian dan rekayasa antena mikrostrip, para perancang antena

telah berusaha mencari solusi untuk meningkatkan performansi bandwidth dan gain

antena mikrostrip. Salah satu teknik yang dikembangkan adalah menggunakan patch

slot berbentuk U untuk memberikan pelebaran bandwidth dengan meningkatkan

kopling induktif dan mengurangi faktor Q antena (V.P Patil, 2012).

Beberapa penelitian lainnya menunjukan pengaruh penambahan U-Slot terhadap

peningkatan performansi bandwidth antena mikrostrip. Penelitian (Kevin, dkk, 2017)

mengusulkan perancangan antena rectangular patch dengan U-slot pada frekuensi 15

GHz. Hasil penelitian ini dapat meningkatkan bandwidth sebesar 400 MHz

dibandingkan dengan antena tanpa U-slot. Penelitian (Darimireddy, dkk, 2015)

mengusulkan perancangan antena triple layer dengan double U-slot pada frekuensi 3.8

GHz menghasilkan performansi bandwidth sebesar 600 MHz. Selanjutnya penelitian

(Suaibur, dkk, 2013) mengusulkan perancangan double U-slot patch antena untuk

aplikasi WiMAX menghasilkan peningkatan bandwidth sebesar 4.22%, 1.87%, dan

3.51% pada setiap band WiMAX dan terakhir pada penelitian (Ardianto, dkk, 2019)

penggunaan U-slot mampu menghasilkan bandwidth sebesar 1,62 GHz dan gain

sebesar 7,52 dB pada frekuensi 28 GHz. Hasil-hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa

penambahan U-slot pada elemen peradiasi (patch) antena mikrostrip telah terbukti

mampu meningkatkan performansi bandwidth antena.


Untuk itu dalam penelitian ini dikembangkan rekayasa U-slot dengan pengembangan

desain U-slot dengan beberapa konfigurasi baru pada frekuensi millimeter-wave

teknologi seluler 5G. Diharapkan hasil rekayasa dan pengembangan desain U-slot

ganda ini mampu lebih memperlebar bandwidth dan meningkatkan gain antenna

MIMO 5G dibandingkan hasil-hasil penelitian sebelumnya sehingga mampu

memenuhi spesifikasi teknologi 5G pita lebar dan high gain.

Hasil desain dan pengembangan antena MIMO 5G dengan teknik multiple U-Slot

seperti gambar 4.1.

Gambar 4.1. Desain Antena MIMO 5G Multiple U-Slot

4.3 Pengembangan Teknik Dumbbell Shaped Ganda DGS

Dalam beberapa tahun terakhir, ada beberapa konsep baru yang diterapkan ke sirkuit

microwave terdistribusi. Salah satu teknik tersebut adalah defected ground strucuture

atau DGS, di mana bagian ground dari antena microstrip dengan sengaja dimodifikasi

untuk meningkatkan kinerja. (Gery Breed, 2008).

Teknik DGS merupakan bidang yang dengan sengaja di buat pada bagian ground dari

antena mampu memberikan dampak signifikan terhadap nilai kapasitansi efektif dan

induktansi. (Indah dan Ahmad, 2012). Berdasarkan (Fan Yang, 2003), letak DGS

pada antena susun (array) untuk menghilangkan efek gelombang permukaan adalah di

antara elemen antena susun tersebut.

Teknik DGS dirancang untuk menekan gelombang permukaan agar dapat mengurangi

efek mutual coupling yang terjadi antara elemen antena array sehingga performa

antena dapat meningkat. DGS juga mampu memperbaiki nilai return loss.

Elemen dasar DGS adalah celah resonansi (bidang) yang terdapat pada ground plane,

ditempatkan langsung di bawah saluran transmisi dan disejajarkan agar kopling

efisien ke saluran.


Gambar 4.2 Konfigurasi umum DGS (Gery Breed, 2008)

Gambar 4.2 menunjukkan beberapa struktur resonan yang dapat digunakan. Masing-

masing berbeda di daerah yang diduduki, rasio L-C setara, koefisien kopling, respons

orde tinggi, dan parameter listrik lainnya.

Gambar 4.3 Sirkuit ekuivalen elemen DGS (Gery Breed, 2008)

Rangkaian ekuivalen untuk DGS adalah rangkaian paralel yang disetel secara seri

dengan saluran transmisi yang dipasangkan. Input dan output impedansi dibuat

sejajar, sedangkan nilai setara L, C dan R paralel dan ditentukan oleh dimensi struktur

DGS dan posisinya relevan dengan saluran transmisi. (Gery Breed, 2008).

4.3.1 Perhitungan Dimensi Defected Ground Structure

Dalam penelitian ini, bentuk defected ground structure yang digunakan adalah bentuk

dumbell- shaped DGS. Perancangan elemen DGS diawali dengan penentuan dimensi

dumbell yang akan dihilangkan (di-etch). Dimensi dumbell shaped yang digunakan

dapat ditentukan berdasarkan referensi pada penelitian-penelitian sebelumnya.


Gambar 4.4 Bentuk-bentuk DGS dumbell shaped (Arjun Kumar, 2016)

Gambar 4.5. Dimensi Dumbell Shaped (Arjun Kumar, 2016)

Dari gambar 4.4 dan 4.5, diperoleh ukuran dimensi DGS yang akan digunakan yaitu:

a = 3,2 mm; g = 0,3 mm; dan d = 11 mm.

4.3.2 Hasil Perancangan Antena

Proses perancangan antena dimulai dari perancangan antena single element,

perancangan antena array 4 elemen konvensional tanpa DGS dan perancangan antena

array 4 elemen dengan penambagan teknik DGS. Proses perancangan dilakukan

dengan menggunakan software CST Microwave 2016.

Perancangan antena elemen tunggal atau single element dirancang sesuai dengan

perhitungan dimensi antena yang sudah ditentukan.

Tabel 4.1 Perhitungan Dimensi Antena Single Element

Dimensi Ukuran

Patch 4,8 mm

Substrate 9,522 mm X 8,872 mm


Tahapan selanjutnya, dilakukan optimasi pada antena single element agar tercapai

hasil sesuai dengan parameter yang telah ditetapkan. Hasil optimasi antena single

element akan ditunjukkan oleh tabel 4.2 sebagai berikut:

Tabel 4.2 Optimasi Dimensi Antena Single Element

Dimensi

Frekuensi

(GHz)

Return

Loss (dB)

VSWR

Bandwidth

(MHz)

Patch Substrate

a W L

5.2 mm 11 mm 9,9 mm 27,6 -22,5 1,1 1100

Jarak antar elemen berfungsi sebagai pemisah antara setiap elemen patch. Nilai jarak

antar elemen yaitu sebesar x0,5λ. Untuk mempermudah dan mempercepat proses

perancangan antena, perhitungan panjang gelombang (Calculate Wavelenght)

dilakukan dengan menggunakan fitur yang telah tersedia pada software CST

Microwave Studio 2014.xLangkah-langkah yang dilakukan yaitu, xHome →xMacros

→ xCalculate →xCalculate xWavelenght. Tampilan perhitungan panjang gelombang

(Calculate Wavelenght) akan ditunjukkan seperti gambar 4.6.

Gambar 4.6 Perhitungan Panjang Gelombang

Perancangan antena array 4 elemen patch segitiga menggunakan teknik planar array

dengan menggunakan jarak antar elemen yaitu x0,5λ.


Gambar 4.7 Antena Array 4 Elemen Patch Segitiga Tanpa DGS

Setelah dirancang antena array 4 elemen patch segitiga, selanjutnya adalah

menambahkan teknik defected ground structure berbentuk dumbell shaped yang

sudah ditentukan ukurannya pada sub bab sebelumnya.

Dimensi dumbell shaped yang sudah ditentukan kemudian dioptimasi guna

mendapatkan hasil optimal sesuai dengan parameter yang ditentukan. Hasil optimasi

dimensi DGS akan ditunjukkan tabel 4.3.

Tabel 4.3 Optimasi Dimensi DGS

Dimensi

a g d

1,4 mm 0,05 mm 4,5 mm

Hasil desain antenna MIMO 5G mengguakan teknik dumbbell shaped ganda DGS

seperti gambar 4.8.

Gambar 4.8 Antena Array 4 Elemen Patch Segitiga dengan DGS


4.4 Pengembangan Antena MIMO Beamforming

Beamforming merupakan teknik yang bertujuan untuk menyesuaikan pancaran

dengan mengatur besarnya amplitudo dan fasa pada masing-masing elemen antena

sehingga dapat membentuk pola yang diinginkan. Teknik beamforming

memungkinkan antena memfokuskan pancaran energi yang dapat mengarah ke arah

yang diinginkan.

Gambar 4.9. Pola radiasi yang dihasilkan dari mengatur Amplitudo dan Fasa

Teknik Beamforming mengintegrasikan susunan antena dan feed networtk termasuk

phase shifter dan power deviders. Tugas dari feed network adalah mengubah level

daya dan fase sinyal yang menuju ke masing-masing antena sehingga memungkinkan

sistem untuk membuat lobus radiasi seperti pada gambar 4.8. Pancaran dapat

diarahkan ke segala arah dengan mengubah fasa dan amplitudo sinyal yang terhubung

pada masing-masing antena.

Untuk itu pada riset ini dikembangkan design antena Beamforming pada frekuensi 5G

band 3.5 GHz dan 26 GHz.

Gambar 4.10. Desain Beamforming 3.5 GHz dengan Patch Konvensional


Gambar 4.11. Desain Beamforming 3.5 GHz dengan Patch Trunk Edge

Gambar 4.12. Desain Beamforming 26 GHz dengan Patch Konvensional

Gambar 4.13. Desain Beamforming 26 GHz dengan Patch Trunk Edge

4.5 Hasil Penelitian

Hasil pengembangan melalui simulasi dan fabrikasi antenna MIMO 5G, maka hasil

penelitian diperoleh sebagai berikut :

1. Antena MIMO 5G Menggunakan Teknik Multiple U-Slot


Hasil Pengukuran Antena MIMO Multiple U-Slot


Tabel 4.4. Perbandingan hasil dengan hasil penelitian antena lainnya

Parameter Proposal Multiple

U-Slot (3 slots)

Tanpa

U-Slot

Hasil

Penelitia

n Lain (1)

Hasil

Penelitia

n Lain (2)

Hasil

Penelitian

Lain (3)

Frequency

(GHz) 28 28 5.38 2.4 5.5


Parameter Proposal Multiple

U-Slot (3 slots)

Tanpa

U-Slot

Hasil

Penelitia

n Lain (1)

Hasil

Penelitia

n Lain (2)

Hasil

Penelitian

Lain (3)

Bandwidth

(GHz) 3.008 1.689 0.311 0.15 0.7

Gain (dB) 11.13 10.86 0.114 11.35 7.66

2. Antena MIMO 5G Menggunakan Teknik Dumbbell Shaped Ganda

Bandwidth Tanpa Dumbbell Shaped Ganda DGS

Bandwidth Menggunakan Dumbbell Shaped Ganda DGS


Pola Radiasi Antena 5G Tanpa Dumbbell Shaped Ganda DGS

Pola Radiasi Antena 5G Menggunakan Dumbbell Shaped Ganda DGS

Tabel 4.5 Perbandingan Hasil Simulasi Spesifikasi Parameter Antena

No Parameter Konvensional DGS

1 Frekuensi Kerja (GHz) 28 28

2 Frekuensi Tengah (GHz) 28,5 28,7

3 Return Loss (dB) -17,6 -18,9

4 Bandwidth (MHz) 1900 3000

5 VSWR 1,3 1,25


3. Antena MIMO Beamforming 5G

Prototipe Antena MIMO Beamforming 5G (3.5 GHz)

Prototipe Antena MIMO Beamforming 5G (26 GHz)

Hasil Pengukuran

Frekuensi 5G Parameter Hasil Desain

3.5 GHz

Konvensional

S-Parameter

Pola Radiasi

3.5 GHz

Trunk Edge

S-Parameter

Pola Radiasi


26 GHz

Konvensional

S-Parameter

Pola Radiasi

26 GHz

Trunk Edge

S-Parameter

Pola Radiasi

4.5 Luaran Wajib

Luaran wajid dari hasil penelitian ini telah menghasilkan 3 prototipe Antena

MIMO untuk Aplikasi Teknologi Seluler 5G.

1. Prototipe Antena MIMO 5G menggunakan Rekayasa U-slot

2. Prototipe Antena MIMO 5G menggunakan Rekayasa Dumbbell Shaped

Ganda DGS.

3. Prototipe Antena MIMO 5G menggunakan Kombinasi Rekayasa U-slot

dan Stepped Line Cut.

4. Prototipe Antena MIMO Beamforming 3.5 GHz

5. Prototipe Antena MIMO Beamforming 26 GHz

Dua prototipe yang dihasilkan telah didaftarkan ke Kemenkumham dan

menghasilkan HKI.

1. No. 000148180, tahun 2019

2. No. 000148244, tahun 2019

Untuk Prototipe Antena MIMO Beamforming HKI dalam proses pengajuan


4.6 Luaran Tambahan Berupa Publikasi Hasil Penelitian

a. International Conference (Scopus)

1. E. Sandi, B. Maruddani, and S. A. Betakore “Gain Enhancement by

Using Combination Slot Techniques for Millimeter-wave 5G

Antenna,” The 5th Annual Applied Science and Engineering

Conference (AASEC), Bandung, Apr 2020.

2. E. Sandi, B. Maruddani, and N. Khairunisa, “Complementary Split

Ring Resonator on the Ground Plane for Wearable Antenna,” The

IEEE 2020 International Conference on Radar, Antenna, Microwave,

Electronics and Telecommunications (ICRAMET), Jakarta-Indonesia,

Nov 2020. (Accepted)

b. International Journal (Scopus & Impact Factor)

1. E. Sandi, Rusmono, A. Diamah, and Karisma Vinda, “Ultra-wideband

Microstrip Array Antenna for 5G Millimeter-wave Applications”.

Status:

Published

DAFTAR PUSTAKA

[1] D. Warren, and C. Dewar, “Understanding 5G: Perspectives on Future

Technological Advanced in Mobil,” GSMA Intelligence, 2014.

[2] A. L. Swindlehurst, E. Ayanoglu, P. Heydari, and F. Capolino, “Millimeter-Wave

Massive MIMO: The Next Generation Revolution?” IEEE Communications

Magazine, pp. 56-62, September 2014.

[3] E. L. Bengtsson, F. Rusek, S. Malkowsky, F. Tufvesson, P.C Karlsson, and O.

Edfors, “A Simulation Framework for Multiple-Antenna Terminal in 5G Massive

MIMO Systems” IEEE Access, Vol. 5, pp. 26819-26831, November 2017.

[4] Y. Kim, H. Lee, P. Hwang, R. K. Patro, J. Lee, W. Roh, and K. Cheun, “ Feasibility

of Mobile Cellular Communications at Millimeter Wave Frequency ” IEEE Journal

of Selected Topics in Signal Processing, Vol. 10, No.3, pp. 589-599, April 2016.

[5] K. R. Mahmoud and A. M. Montaser, “Design of Dual-Band Circulary Polarised

Array Antenna Package for 5G Mobile Terminals with Beam-Streering

Capabilities” IET Microwaves, Antenna & Propagation, Vol. 12 lss, pp. 29-39,

2018.

[6] K. R. Mahmoud and A. M. Montaser, “Performance of Tri-Band Multi-Polarised

Array Antenna for 5G Mobile Base Station Adopting Polarization and Directivity

Control” IEEE Access, Vol. 6, pp. 8682-8694, Maret 2018.

[7] H.A. Diawuo and Y. B. Jung, “Broadband Proximity-Coupled Microstrip Planar

Antenna Array for 5G Cellular Application” IEEE Antennas and Wireless

Propagation Letters, Vol. 17, Issue 7, pp. 1286-1290, May 2018.

[8] M. Alsath, L. Lawrance, and M. Kanagasabai, “Bandwidth-Enhanced Grid Array

Antenna for UWB Automotive Radar Sensors” IEEE Transactions on Antennas and

Propagation, Vol. 63, No. 11, November 2015.

[9] H. T. Kim, B. S. Park, T. S. Moon, S. H. Kim, J. M. Kim, J. Y. Chang, and Y. C.

Ho, “A 28-GHz CMOS Direct Conversion Transceiver With Packaged 2x4

Antenna Array for 5G Cellular System” IEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, Vol.

53, No. 5, May 2018.

[10] B. Yang, Z. Yu, Y. Dong, J. Zhou, and W. Hong, “Compact Tapered Slot Antenna

Array for 5G Millimeter-Wave Massive MIMO Systems” IEEE Transactions on

Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 65, No. 12, pp. 6721-6727, Desember 2017.

[11] K. R. Mahmoud and A. M. Montaser, “Optimized 4x4 Millimetre-wave Antenna

Array With DGS Using Hybrid ECFO-NM Algorithm for 5G Mobile Networks”

IET Microwaves, Antenna & Propagation, Vol. 1, lss 11, pp. 1516-1523, 2017.

[12] M. V. Komandla, G. Mishra, and S. K. Sharma, “Investigations on Dual Slant

Polarised Cavity-Backed Massive MIMO Antenna Panel with Beamforming” IEEE

Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 65, No. 12, pp. 6794-6799,

Desember 2017.

[13] S. Zhu, H. Liu, Z. Chen, and P. Wen, “A Compact Gain-Enhanced Vivaldi Antenna

Array With Suppressed Mutual Coupling for 5mmWave Application” IEEE

Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 17, No. 5, May 2018.

[14] B. He, Y. Jiao, and H. He, “Design of High-Gain Lens Antenna for 5G

Application” IEEE Asia Pacific Conference on Antennas and Propagation

(APCAP), October 2017.

[15] T. Tuovinen, N.Tervo, and A. Parssinen, “Analyzing 5G RF System Performance

and Relation to Link Budget for Directive MIMO” IEEE Transactions on Antennas

and Propagation, Vol. 65, No. 12, December 2017.

[16] C. Lee, M.K. Khattak, and S. Kahng, “Wideband 5G Beamforming Printed Array

Clutched by LTE-A 4x4-Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output Antennas with High

Isolation” IET Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation, Vol. 12, Issue 8, pp. 1407-

1413, June 2018.

[17] W. Hong, Z. H. Jiang, C. Yu, J. Zhou, P. Chen, Z. Yu, B. Yang, X. Pang, M. Jiang,

J. Chen, and S. He, “Multibeam Antenna Technologies for 5G Wireless

Communications” IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 65, No.

12, pp. 6231-6249, Desember 2017.

[18] Y. Yashchyshyn, K. Derzakowski, G. Bogdan, K. Godziszewski, D. Nyzovets,

C.H. Kim, and B. Park, “28 GHz Switched-Beam Antenna Based on S-PIN Diodes

for 5G Mobile Communications” IEEE Transaction on Vehicular Technology, Vol.

66, No. 11, November 2017.

[19] E. Sandi, F.Y. Zulkifli, Basari and E.T. Rahardjo, “Stretching Strategy to improve

radiation performances sparse array design based on combinatorial cyclic different

sets approach,” IEEE 4th Asia-Pacific Conference on Antennas and Propagation

(APCAP), 161-162, 2015.

[20] E. Sandi, F.Y. Zulkifli, Basari and E.T. Rahardjo, “A Hybrid Technique Linier

Sparse Array Antenna Design Approach,” Proc. of The 2015 International

Symposium on Antennas and Propagation (ISAP2015), 744-746, 2015.

[21] E.Sandi, F.Y. Zulkifli and E.T. Rahardjo, “A Hybrid Technique Using

Combinatorial Cyclic Difference Sets and Binomial Amplitude Tapering for Linear

Sparse Array Antenna Design,” Advanced Electromagnetics Journal, Vol. 5, No. 3,

pp 73-79, December 2016.

LAMPIRAN 1

CV KETUA PENELITI

Laporan PTUPT 2020

LAMPIRAN 1. BIODATA

RIWAYAT HIDUP KETUA

A. Identitas Diri

1 Nama Lengkap Dr. Efri Sandi, MT

2 Jabatan Fungsional Lektor

3 Jabatan Struktural Koordinator Program Studi

4 NIP 197502022008121002

5 NIDN 0002027508

6 Tempat dan Tanggal Lahir Rumbai/ 2 Februari 1975

7 Alamat Rumah Villa Galaxi Blok E3 No.3 Grand Galaxi City

Jakasetia Bekasi Selatan 17147

8 Telepon/ HP 081212409609

9 Alamat Kantor Jl. Rawamangun Muka Jakarta Timur

10 Telepon Kantor 021-4712137

11 Alamat Surel [email protected] &

[email protected]

12 Lulusan Yang Telah Dihasilkan S1 dan D3

13 Mata Kuliah Yang Diampu

Antena dan Propagasi Gelombang

Saluran Transmisi

Perancangan Sistem Transmisi

Komunikasi Data

Elektronika Industri

Telemetri

Radar dan Navigasi

Laporan PTUPT 2020

B. Riwayat Pendidikan

S1 S2 S3

Nama Perguruan

Tinggi Universitas Negeri Padang Universitas Trisakti Universitas Indonesia

Bidang Ilmu Pendidikan Teknik

Elektronika

Elektronika

Komunikasi Elektronika Komunikasi

Tahun Masuk-

Lulus 1994-1999 2001-2004 2013-2017

Judul

Skripsi/Tesis/

Disertasi

Analisa Jaringan Transmisi

Teresterial Gelombang Mikro

Pengaruh Frame

Relay Terhadap

Performansi TCP

Jaringan

Komunikasi Satelit

Pengembangan Metode Baru

Disain Antena Linier Sparse

Array Untuk Peningkatan

Performansi Radiasi dan Efisiensi

Elemen Antena

Nama

Pembimbing/

Promotor

Dr. Helmi Sayuthie, M.Ed.

Drs. Fasrijal Yakub, M.Pd Dr. Arifin Nugroho

Prof. Dr. Ir. Eko Tjipto Rahardjo,

M.Sc.

Prof. Dr. Fitri Yuli Zulkifli,

S.T.,M.Sc.

C. Pengalaman Penelitian dalam 5 Tahun Terakhir

No Tahun Judul Penelitian Pendanaan

Sumber Dana Jumlah (Rp)

1 2015

Pengembangan Model Disain

Antena Microstrip Linier Array

dengan Teknik Thinning untuk

Efisiensi Sistim Komunikasi

Penelitian FT

UNJ 2015 13.000.000,-

2 2016

Rancang Bangun Perangkat

Wireless Energi Menggunakan

Antena Microstrip Pada

Frekuensi 2G, 3G dan 4G

Komunikasi Seluler

Penelitian FT

UNJ 2016 14.000.000,-

3 2017

Pengembangan Metode Disain

Antena Mikrostrip Menggunakan

Metamaterial Struktur CSRR

Untuk Peningkatan Performansi

dan Efisiensi Dimensi Aperture

Antena

Penelitian FT

UNJ 2017 10.800.000,-

4 2018

Pengembangan Antena Array

Ber-Resolusi Tinggi Untuk

Aplikasi Radar Maritim

Frekuensi S-Band

Penelitian

Kompetitif

Perguruan

Tinggi UNJ

2018

50.000.000,-

Laporan PTUPT 2020

5 2018

Peningkatan Performansi Antena

Array Menggunakan Rekayasa

Struktur Electromagnetic Band

Gap

Penelitian FT

UNJ 2018 10.000.000,-

6 2019

Pengembangan Antena Array

Multiband Untuk Aplikasi

Millimeter-Wave

Penelitian FT

UNJ 2019 30.000.000.-

7 2019

Pengembangan Antena

Beamforming MIMO Untuk

Aplikasi Teknologi Seluler 5G

(Tahun ke-1)

Penelitian

Unggulan

Perguruan

Tinggi 2019

112.550.000

8 2020

Pengembangan Antena

Beamforming MIMO Untuk

Aplikasi Teknologi Seluler 5G

(Tahun ke-2)

Penelitian

Unggulan

Perguruan

Tinggi 2020

158.100.000

D. Pengalaman Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat dalam 5 Tahun Terakhir

No Tahun Judul Pengabdian Kepada

Masyarakat

Pendanaan

Sumber Dana Jumlah (Rp)

1 2016

Pelatihan Pneumatik untuk

Pengembangan Keterampilan

Guru SMK

DIPA BLU UNJ

2016 4.000.000,-

2 2017

Pelatihan Robotika untuk


Guru SMK

DIPA BLU UNJ

2017 4.000.000,-

3 2018

Pelatihan Instalasi dan

Pengukuran Antena untuk


Teknisi dan Guru SMK

DIPA BLU UNJ

2018 15.000.000,-

4 2019

Pelatihan Pengelolaan Bengkel

Teknik Elektronika untuk Tenaga

Laboran dan Guru SMK

DIPA BLU UNJ

2019 15.000.000,-

E. Pengalaman Penulisan Artikel Ilmiah dalam Jurnal dalam 5 Tahun Terakhir

No Judul Artikel Ilmiah Volume/

Nomor Tahun Nama Jurnal

1

A Hybrid Technique Using

Combinatorial Cyclic Difference

Sets and Binomial Amplitude

Tapering for Linear Sparse Array

Antenna Design

Vol. 5, No. 3,

pp 73-79,

December

2016

Advanced

Electromagnetics

Journal

Laporan PTUPT 2020

2

Perancangan dan Optimasi

Antena Vivaldi pada Sistem

Radar Penembus Permukaan

(Ground Penetrating Radar)

Vol. 7, No. 1,

pp 151-164,

Januari 2019

Jurnal Teknik Energi

Elektrik, Teknik

Telekomunikasi, &

Teknik Elektronika

3

Design of Substrate Integrated

Waveguide to Improve Antenna

Performances for 5G Mobile

Communication Application

1402, Issue 4,

Desember 2019

Journal of Physics :

Conference Series

4

Double Layer Parasitic Radiator

for S-Band Antennas to Increase

Gain and Bandwidth

Performances

1402, Issue 4,

Desember 2019

Journal of Physics :

Conference Series

5

The Development of Ground

Penetrating Radar (GPR) Data

Processing

Vol. 9, No.6,

Desember 2019

International Journal of

Machine Learning and

Computing

6

Ultra-wideband Microstrip Array

Antenna for 5G Millimeter-wave

Applications

Vol. 15, No.2,

Februari 2020

Journal of

Communications

F. Pengalaman Penyampaian Makalah Secara Oral pada Pertemuan/ Seminar

Ilmiah dalam 5 Tahun Terakhir.

No Nama Pertemuan Ilmiah /

Seminar Judul Artikel Waktu dan Tempat

1

2015 IEEE 4th Asia-Pacific

Conference on Antenna and

Propagation (APCAP)

Stretching

Strategy to

Improve

Radiation

Performances

Sparse Array

Design Based

on CDS

30 Juni – 3 Juli 2015 di

Grand Inna Kuta Bali

2

IEEE International Symposium

on Antennas and Propagation

(ISAP 2015)

A Hybrid

Technique

Linier Sparse

Array Design

Approach

9-12 November 2015 di

Wrest Point Hobart

Tasmania Australia

3

IEEE International Symposium

on Antennas and Propagation

(ISAP 2016)

Stretching

Method Using

Chebyshev

Polynomial for

Linier Sparse

Array Antenna

Design

24-28 Oktober 2016 di

Okinawa Convention

Centre, Ginowan,

Okinawa Japan

4 IEEE Asia Pacific Microwave Design of 13-16 November 2017 di

Laporan PTUPT 2020

Conference 2017 Linear Sparse

Array Based on

the Taylor Line

Source

Distribution

Element

Spacing

Renaissance Kuala

Lumpur Hotel, Kuala

Lumpur Malaysia

5

2018 International Conference on

Radar, Antenna, Microwave,

Electronics, and

Telecommunications

(ICRAMET)

Design of

Electromagnetic

Band Gap to

Improved

Sidelobe Level

for S-Band

Antenna

1-2 November 2018 di

Indonesia Convention

Exibition (ICE), BSD

City, Tangerang

Indonesia

6

3rd International Conference on

Technical and Vocational and

Training (ICTVET) 2018

A Proposed

Model of

Metamaterial

Complementary

Split-Ring

Resonator to

Reduce

Microstrip

Array Antenna

Dimension

19-21st October 2018 di

Grand Mercure Hotel

Jakarta Indonesia

7

Tarumanegara International

Conference on the Applications

of Technology and Engineering

(TICATE) 2018

Low-Cost Array

Antenna Design

for S-Band

Maritime Radar

by Using Sparse

Array Method

22nd-23th November 2018

di Kampus Universitas

Tarumanegera, Jakarta

Indonesia

8

2019 Annual Applied Science

and Engineering Conference

(AASEC)

Double Layer

Parasitic

Radiator for S-

Band Antennas

to Increase Gain

and Bandwidth

Performances

24th April 2019 di Aston

Denpasar Hotel &

Convention Centre, Bali

Indonesia

9

2019 Annual Applied Science

and Engineering Conference

(AASEC)

Design of

Substrate

Integrated

Waveguide to

Improve

Antenna

Performances

for 5G Mobile

Communication

24th April 2019 di Aston

Denpasar Hotel &

Convention Centre, Bali

Indonesia

Laporan PTUPT 2020

Application

10

2019 IEEE 8th Asia-Pacific

Conference on Antenna and

Propagation (APCAP)

Design of

Multiple U-Slot

to Improve

MIMO Antenna

Performance for

5G Application

4th – 7th August 2019 di

Incheon National

University, Incheon

Korea

11

Tarumanegara International

Conference on the Applications

of Technology and Engineering

(TICATE) 2019

Design of

Multiband

MIMO Antenna

for 5G

Millimeter-

wave

Application

21st – 22nd November

2019 di Kampus

Universitas

Tarumanegera, Jakarta

Indonesia

G. Pengalaman Penulisan Buku dalam 5 Tahun Terakhir

No Judul Buku Tahun Jumlah

Halaman Penerbit

1

H. Pengalaman Perolehan HKI dalam 5 – 10 Tahun Terakhir

No Judul / Tema HKI Tahun Jenis Nomor P/ ID

1

Pengembangan Metode

Baru Disain Linier

Sparse Array Untuk

Meningkatkan

Performansi Radiasi dan

Efisiensi Elemen Antena

2018 Hak Cipta 000115252

2

Pengembangan Antena

Kompak (Compact

Antenna) Pita Lebar

Untuk Radar Penembus

Tanah (Ground

Penetrating Radar)

2018 Hak Cipta 000120674

3

Pengembangan Antena

Array Ber-Resolusi

Tinggi Untuk Aplikasi

Radar Maritim Frekuensi

S-Band

2019 Hak Cipta 000141386

4 Prototipe Antena MIMO

5G Menggunakan 2019 Hak Cipta 000148180

Laporan PTUPT 2020

Rekayasa Dumbbell

Shaped Ganda DGS

Pada Frekuensi 28 GHz

5

Prototipe Antena MIMO

5G 2T2R Menggunakan

Rekayasa Multiple U-

Slot Pada Frekuensi 28

GHz

2019 Hak Cipta 000148244

I. Pengalaman Merumuskan Kebijakan Publik/ Rekayasa Sosial Lainnya dalam

5 Tahun Terakhir.

No Judul / Tema/ Jenis Rekayasa Sosial

Lainnya yang Telah Diterapkan Tahun Jenis

Respon

Masyarakat

1

2

J. Penghargaan yang Pernah Diraih dalam 10 Tahun Terakhir (dari

Pemerintah, Asosiasi atau Institusi Lainnya).

No Jenis Penghargaan Institusi Pemberi

Penghargaan Tahun

1 Satya Lencana Karya Satya

(10 Tahun)

Presiden Republik

Indonesia 2019

2

Semua data yang saya isikan dan tercantum dalam biodata ini adalah benar dan dapat

dipertanggungjawabkan secara hukum. Apabila dikemudian hari ternyata dijumpai

ketidak-sesuaian dengan kenyataan, saya sanggup menerima resikonya. Demikian

biodata ini saya buat dengan sebenarnya untuk memenuhi salah satu persyaratan

dalam pengajuan Penelitian Fakultas.

Jakarta, 17 September 2020

Peneliti,

Dr. Efri Sandi, MT

NIP. 197502022008121002

LAMPIRAN 2

CV ANGGOTA PENELITI

CV ANGGOTA PENELITI A. IDENTITAS DIRI

Nama (lengkap dengan gelar) : Dr. Aodah Diamah, M.Eng

NIP/NIDN : 197809192005012003/0019097802

Jabatan Fungsional : Asisten Ahli

Pangkat/Golongan : Penata Muda/IIIA

Program Studi : Pendidikan Vokasional Teknik Elektronika

Fakultas : Teknik

B. RIWAYAT PENDIDIKAN NO JENJANG PRODI UNIVERSITAS TAHUN

LULUS 1 S-1 Teknik Elektro Universitas Indonesia 2001 2 S-2 Electrical and Computer

Science Engineering Monash University 2004

3 S-3 Information Science and Engineering

University of Canberra 2017

4 5 (silakan ditambahkan bila perlu)

C. RIWAYAT PENELITIAN (dalam 10 tahun terakhir termasuk tesis dan disertasi)

NO JUDUL PENELITIAN SUMBER DANA TAHUN

1 Pengembangan Model Simulasi DES untuk Media Ajar Kriptografi, Penelitian Tahun kedua dari dua tahun

Direktorat Riset dan Pengabdian Masyarakat Kemenristekdikti dengan surat penugasan No: 81/SP2H/DRPM/LPPMUNJ/IV/2017

2017

2 Pengembangan Model Simulasi DES untuk Media Ajar Kriptografi, Penelitian Tahun pertama dari dua tahun

Direktorat Riset dan Pengabdian Masyarakat Kemenristekdikti

2016

3 Vector Similarities for Offer Generation in Multi-Attribute Negotiation

(Penelitian disertasi) dana beasiswa IDB/UNJ dan University of Canberra sponsorhip

2012-2016 (Disertasi disubmit untuk ujian eksternal 1 Agustus 2016)

4 Fuzzy Logic for single attribute negotiation

Penelitian extension studies University of Canberra

2012

5 Fuzzy Cognitive Maps for attack Penelitian extension studies 2012

graph University of Canberra 6 Government Use of Social

Media for tourism Penelitian extension studies University of Canberra

2010

7 8 9 10 (silakan ditambahkan bila perlu)

D. RIWAYAT MENGAJAR (di dalam dan di luar UNJ) NO JENJANG MATA KULIAH INSTANSI TAHUN 1 S-1 Numerical Methods Undergraduate

International Programme Binus University

2005

2 S-1 Teknik Pengaturan Teknik Elektro UNJ

2007-2008, 2017

3 S-1 Matematika 1 Teknik Elektro UNJ

2009

4 S-1 Bahasa Inggris Teknik Elektro UNJ

2006-2010, 2016-2017

5 S-1 Pemograman Komputer Prodi Pendidikan Teknik Elektronika UNJ

2016-2017

6 S-1 Komunikasi Data Prodi Pendidikan Teknik Elektronika UNJ

2017

(silakan ditambahkan bila perlu)

E. RIWAYAT PUBLIKASI ILMIAH (dalam 5 tahun terakhir) NO JUDUL ARTIKEL/

MAKALAH NAMA JURNAL/ PROSIDING/BUKU

NASIONAL/ INTERNASIONAL

TAHUN

1 Attention cueing in developing Simplified Data Encryption Standard (SDES) simulation

Regionalization and Harmonization in TVET: Proceedings of the 4th UPI International Conference on Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET 2016), Publisher Taylor and Francis 2017

International 2017

2 A Comparative Study on Vector Similarity Methods for

AI 2015: Advances in Artificial Intelligence,

International 2015

javascript:void(0)

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https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-319-26350-2

https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-319-26350-2

Offer Generation in Multi-attribute Negotiation

Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Springer

3 Generating Offers with Cosine Similarity in Multi-Attribute Negotiation

Proceedings of 2015 International Conference on IT in Asia

International 2015

4 Studi Literatur Penggunaan Facebook dalam Perkuliahan: Manfaat dan Tantangan

Prosiding Konvensi Nasional APTEKINDO VII dan Temu Karya XVIII FPTK/FT-JPTK Se-Indonesia

Nasional 2015

5 Fuzzy utility and inference system for bilateral negotiation

IEEE 2012 2nd International Conference on Uncertainty Reasoning and Knowledge Engineering (URKE)

International 2012

6 Understanding user participation in Australian Government tourism Facebook page

ACIS 2012: Proceedings of the 23rd Australasian Conference on Information Systems 2012

International 2012

7 Network security evaluation method via attack graphs and fuzzy cognitive maps

Intelligent decision technologies, Springer Berlin

International 2012

(silakan ditambahkan bila perlu)

F. PARTISIPASI DALAM PELATIHAN/SEMINAR/KONFERENSI/WORKSHOP (dalam 5 tahun terakhir) NO KEDUDUKAN

SEBAGAI NAMA FORUM PENYELENGGARA/

LOKASI TAHUN

1 Peserta Advanced Academic Writing and Self-Editing webinar by Dr Liz Tynan

Australia Professional Alumni Development Programme, Online (webinar)

2017

2 Peserta Inception Workshop (Article Writing), Australia Professional Alumni Development Programme

Griffith University, Universitas Negeri Jakarta

2017

3 Peserta Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) for Learning Design ToT Workshop

The Head Foundation, Universitas Negeri Jakarta

2017

4 Pemakalah 2016 International UPI-TVET

Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia Bandung

2016

5 Pemakalah 2015 Australasian AI Conference

University of New South Wales-Canberra

2015

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https://link.springer.com/bookseries/558

https://link.springer.com/bookseries/558

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http://jurnal.upi.edu/proceedingfptk/edition/434/prosiding-konvensi-nasional-aptekindo-vii-dan-temu-karya-xviii-fptk-ft-jptk-se-indonesia-(bagian-i-hal-1-sd.-191)





http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/6319522/



http://dro.deakin.edu.au/view/DU:30049051




http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-642-29920-9_44



6 Panitia UNJ ICTVET 2015 Conference

Universitas Negeri Jakarta

2015

7 Pemakalah 2015 International Conference on IT Asia

University Malaysia Sarawak, Malaysia

2015

8 Pemakalah Konvensi Nasional APTEKINDO VII

Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia Bandung

2014

9 Pemakalah IEEE 2012 2nd International Conference on Uncertainty Reasoning and Knowledge Engineering (URKE)

The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)

2012

10 Peserta Publishing with Impact Workshop

The Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Australia, Canberra

2012

Jakarta, 17 September 2020 Aodah Diamah (Tanda tangan)

1

LAMPIRAN

Lampiran 2 Biodata Anggota Peneliti

Riwayat Hidup Peneliti

A. Identitas Diri

1. Nama Lengkap (dengan gelar) Dr. Baso Maruddani

2. Jabatan Fungsional Lektor

3. Jabatan Struktural -

4. NIP/NIK/Identitas lainnya 19830502 200801 1 001

5. NIDN 0002058301

6. Tempat dan Tanggal Lahir Makassar, 2 Mei 1983

7. Alamat Rumah Jl. Bambu Petung, no 67, Bambu Apus, Cipayung

Jakarta Timur

9. Nomor Telepon/Faks / HP 08118058450

10. Alamat Kantor Jurusan Teknik Elektro, Fakultas Teknik Gedung L,

Kampus A Universitas Negeri Jakarta

11. Nomor Telepon/Faks -

12. Alamat e-mail [email protected]

13. Mata Kuliah yg Diampu Sistem Telekomunikasi, Komunikasi Wireless,

Pemodelan dan Simulasi, Teknik Switching, Saluran

Transmisi, Teknik Komunikasi Radio

B. Riwayat Pendidikan

S-1 S-2 S-3

Nama

Perguruan

Tinggi

Institut Teknologi

Bandung

Institut Teknologi

Bandung

Institut Teknologi

Bandung

Bidang Ilmu Teknik Elektro

(Telekomunikasi)

Teknik Elektro

(Telekomunikasi)

Teknik Elektro dan

Informatika

(Telekomunikasi)

Tahun Masuk-

Lulus

2001 – 2005 2006 – 2007 2008 – 2013

Nama

Pembimbing /

Promotor

Ir. Sigit Hariyadi Prof. Dr. Adit Kurniawan Prof. Dr. Adit

Kurniawan

C. Pengalaman Penelitian Dalam 5 Tahun Terakhir

2

No. Tahun Judul Penelitian Pendanaan

Sumber Jml (Juta Rp)

1 2018 Pengembangan Antena

Kompak (Compact Antenna)

Pita Lebar untuk Radar

Penembus Tanah (Ground

Penetrating Radar)

BLU UNJ 10,000,000

2 2018 Pengembangan Aplikasi

Digital Signal Processing

pada Radar Penembus Tanah


BLU UNJ 50,000,000

3 2017 Kinerja Diversitas Ruang

pada Sistem Code Division

Multiple Access

BLU UNJ 12,000,000

4 2016 Evaluasi Kinerja Adaptive

Coding and Modulation

sebagai Teknik Mitigasi

Redaman Hujan pada Link

Komunikasi Satelit Ka-Band

BLU UNJ 10,000,000

5 2014 Prediction method for rain

rate and rain propagation

attenuation for K-band

satellite communications

links in Tropical areas

Mandiri

6 2013 Pemodelan Redaman

Propagasi Berdasarkan Curah

Hujan Dan Usulan Teknik

Mitigasinya Pada

Komunikasi Satelit Pita-Ka

Di Daerah Tropis

Mandiri

7 2012 Rain Rate and Rain

Attenuation Time Series

Synthesizer Based on Hidden

Markov Model for K Band

Satellite in Tropical Area

Mandiri

D. Pengalaman Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat Dalam 5 Tahun Terakhir

No. Tahun Judul Pengabdian Kpd Masyarakat Pendanaan

Sumber Jml (Juta Rp)

1

2

E. Pengalaman Penulisan Artikel Ilmiah Dalam Jurnal Dalam 5 Tahun

Terakhir

No. Judul Artikel Ilmiah Volume / Nomor / Tahun Nama Jurnal

1 Perancangan dan Optimasi 2019 Jurnal Nasional

3

Antena Vivaldi pada Sistem

Radar Penembus Permukaan


ELKOMNIKA

2 Prediction method for rain

rate and rain propagation

attenuation for K-band

satellite communications

links in Tropical areas

2014 Jurnal of ICT

Research and

Application

3 Rain Rate and Rain

Attenuation Time Series

Synthesizer Based on

Hidden Markov Model for K

Band Satellite in Tropical

Area

2012 Proceeding of 7th

International

Conference on

Telecommunicati

on Systems,

Services and

Applications

(TSSA), Bali,

Oktober 2012

F. Pengalaman Penyampaian Makalah Secara Oral Pada Pertemuan /

Seminar Ilmiah Dalam 5 Tahun Terakhir

No. Nama Pertemuan Ilmiah / Seminar Judul Artikel Waktu dan Tempat

1 2019 2nd International Conference on

Signal Processing and Information

Communications

Ka-Band

Satellite Link

Budget for

Broadband

Application in

Tropical Area

Grand Mercure Phuket

Patong, Thailand, 19 –

21 Januari 2019

2 2019 2nd International Conference on


Communications

The

Development of

Ground

Penetrating

Radar (GPR)

Data Processing

Grand Mercure Phuket

Patong, Thailand, 19 –

21 Januari 2019

G. Pengalaman Penulisan Buku dalam 5 Tahun Terakhir

No. Judul Buku Tahun Jumlah Halaman Penerbit

1

2

H. Pengalaman Perolehan HKI Dalam 5 – 10 Tahun Terakhir

No. Judul / Tema HKI Tahun Jenis Nomor P / ID

4

1

2

I. Pengalaman Merumuskan Kebijakan Publik/Rekayasa Sosial Lainnya

Dalam 5 Tahun Terakhir

No. Judul / Tema / Jenis Rekayasa Sosial

Lainnya yang Telah Diterapkan

Tahun Tempat

Penerapan

Respons

Masyarakat

1

J. Penghargaan yang Pernah Diraih dalam 10 tahun Terakhir (dari

pemerintah, asosiasi atau institusi lainnya)

No. Jenis Penghargaan Institusi Pemberi Penghargaan Tahun

1 The Best Presenter 2019 2nd International Conference on


Communications Commitee

2019

Semua data yang saya isikan dan tercantum dalam biodata ini adalah benar dan

dapat dipertanggungjawabkan secara hukum. Apabila di kemudian hari ternyata

dijumpai ketidak-sesuaian dengan kenyataan, saya sanggup menerima risikonya.

Demikian biodata ini saya buat dengan sebenarnya untuk memenuhi salah satu

persyaratan dalam pengajuan Penelitian Fakultas.

Jakarta, Maret 2019

Pengusul,

Dr. Baso Maruddani

NIP. 198305022008011001

LAMPIRAN 3 PUBLIKASI JURNAL INTERNASIONAL

Ultra-wideband Microstrip Array Antenna for 5G Millimeter-wave Applications

Efri Sandi, Rusmono, Aodah Diamah, and Karisma Vinda

Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Negeri Jakarta, Jakarta Timur, Indonesia Email: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]

Abstract—In this paper, a design of ultra-wideband microstrip array antenna using a stepped line cut and U-slot combination for 5G millimeter-wave applications is proposed. The feeding technique used in the proposed design is a proximity coupling technique to improve bandwidth performance. The proposed antenna bandwidth performance is compared with the conventional antenna array design to determine the bandwidth increase. Numerical and simulation results show a significant increase in bandwidth performance compared to conventional design. The proposed antenna design can operate at frequency band 28 GHz with a bandwidth 4.47 GHz and gain 8.71dB. These results prove that the proposed antenna design can be used for 5G technology applications in the millimeter-wave band. Index Terms—Stepped line cut, U-slot, Ultra-wideband, 5G Antenna, Proximity coupled fed.

I. INTRODUCTION

The development of cellular communication technology is currently entering the 5th generation (5G) which has the challenge of achieving high speed, power efficiency and system reliability [1]. One important part of developing 5G technology is the development of antenna designs to support 5G network performance. 5G cellular technology requires antennas that have high performance, Multiple Input-Multiple Output (MIMO) and beamforming [2-3] transmission systems. 5G technology requires a large spectrum to achieve the desired performance. That requires the development of an antenna that can support a wide bandwidth or ultra-wideband antenna [4].

In developing the 5G antenna design, the size and dimensions of The design of the 5G antenna was developed at the millimeter-wave frequency according to the Federal Communication Commission (FCC) recommendations. The FCC proposes a new rule (FCC 15-138) for wireless broadband frequencies, namely as 28 GHz frequency bands, 37 GHz frequency band, 38 GHz frequency band, and 64-71 GHz frequency band which are targeted by researchers to be applied for 5G wireless cellular network [5]. Due to the air and rain attenuation in

Manuscript received April 25, 2019; revised January 1, 2020. This work was supported by PTUPT and PUPT UNJ 2019, the

Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education the Republic of Indonesia

Corresponding author email: [email protected] doi:10.12720/jcm.15.2.198-204

the range of 28 GHz and 38 GHz are relatively small, so this frequency band is considered to be used for 5G technology [6].

In developing antennas for 5G technology applications, microstrip antenna types are widely used because of physical size, low profile, and easy to fabricated. But the disadvantages of microstrip antennas are the narrow bandwidth and the relatively small gain. For this reason, various techniques have been studied to improve bandwidth dan gain performance of the microstrip antenna, such as using metamaterial structure technique, patch-slot modification, and defected ground structure (DGS).

In this study, the development of a slot antenna is developed by adding a stepped line cut technique. The slot antenna has the advantage of being able to produce two-way radiation patterns with higher bandwidth [7]. The addition of slots on the antenna is able to produce a coupling effect that affects the Q factor, which is inversely proportional to the bandwidth of the antenna.

In previous study, the design of antenna arrays with the U-slot method was able to increase a bandwidth up to 300 MHz for the frequency range 14.4 GHz to 15.4 GHz [8], attain 20-30% impedance as well as gain bandwidths without parasitic patches on another layer or on the same layer [9], and can improves bandwidth 11.3% [10].

Furthermore, a combination of the stepped line cut method and defected ground structure is capable of producing bandwidth 4.29 GHz [11], using the stepped cut four corners method able to increase bandwidth up to 63.61% [12], and a combination of the stepped line cut and triangular slot method in the patch is able to produce bandwidth up to 2.9 GHz for ultra-wideband antenna applications [13].

The U-slot, along with the finite ground plane, is used to achieve an excellent impedance matching to increase the bandwidth [14]. The U-slot introduces a capacitive component to counteract the large input inductance when a thick substrate is used [9]. Then, by using a stepped line cut, the size of the antenna has been reduced, and bandwidth has also been sufficiently improved [11]. Thus, the development of microstrip antennas for 5G applications using a combination of U-slot and stepped line cut is expected to provide more bandwidth performance improvement than the results of previous studies. Thus this ultra-wideband 5G antenna will be the basis for the development of MIMO beamforming

Journal of Communications Vol. 15, No. 2, February 2020

©2020 Journal of Communications 198

mailto:[email protected]

antennas in future research. The outline of this paper is as follows. After the

introduction in section I, the design of proximity coupling for the proposed antenna are described in section II. Section III shows the combination method proposed for 5G antenna application, including numerical analysis, assessment and provides numerical experiments that validate our proposal. Section IV summarizes the main conclusion of this work.

II. DESIGN OF PROXIMITY COUPLING The Microstrip antenna had a patch on one side of the

substrate. It is required to feed the Microstrip antenna through the ground plane. The various type of feeding configurations such as microstrip line, coaxial probe, aperture coupling & proximity coupling [13]. The proximity coupling technique is also able to increase bandwidth. In the literature, the broadband modified rectangular microstrip antenna using proximity feeding technique can improve the bandwidth performance up to 200 MHz (22%) with the center frequency of 900 MHz [14]. The main advantage of this feed technique is that it eliminates spurious feed radiation and provides high bandwidth (13%) due to the overall increase in the thickness of the microstrip patch antenna [14].(Fig. 1)

Fig. 1. Proximity coupling [13]

Feeding techniques are important in determining the design process of the microstrip antenna. The various type of feeding configuration consists of the microstrip line, coaxial probe, aperture coupling & proximity coupling [15].

TABLE I: PERCENTAGE OF BANDWIDTH ENHANCEMENT USING VARIOUS TYPE OF FEEDING CONFIGURATIONS

No. Feeding Configurations Percentage of Bandwidth Improvement

1. Microstrip Line 2 – 5 % 2. Coaxial Probe 2 – 5 % 3. Aperture Coupling 2 – 5 % 4. Proximity Coupling 13%

The type of microstrip feeding technique that will be

used in this study is the proximity coupling. Proximity coupling uses two-layer substrates with the microstrip line on the lower layer and the patch antenna on the upper layer. The substrate parameters of the two layers can be selected to increase the bandwidth [16].

A. Calculation the Width of Microstrip Feed Line

The width of the microstrip feed line can be discovered after determining the equation according to the conditions, 𝑢 =

𝑊𝐹

ℎ , that given by Hammerstad [16]:

𝑊𝐹

ℎ=

8𝑒𝐴

𝑒2𝐴−2 (1)

where the value 𝐴 is determined by the equation:

𝐴 =𝑍0

100[

𝜀𝑟+1

2]

0.5

+𝜀𝑟−1

𝜀𝑟+1[0.23 +

0.11

𝜀𝑟] (2)

B. Calculation the Length of Microstrip Feed Line

The length of the microstrip feed-line can be determined by the equation:

𝐿𝐹 =

1

4𝜆𝑔 (3)

where 𝜆𝑔 is determined by the equation :

𝜆𝑔 =𝜆0

√𝜀𝑒𝑓𝑓 (4)

𝜀𝑒𝑓𝑓 =εr+ 1

2+ [

εr− 1

2(

1

√1+12ℎ

𝑊𝐹

)] (5)

This method is advantageous to reduce harmonic

radiation of microstrip patch antenna implemented in a multilayer substrate [16]. The feed line terminates in an open-end underneath the patch. The open-end of the microstrip line can be terminated in a stub, and the stub parameters can be used to improve the bandwidth [17].

III. PATCH ANTENNA ARRAYS DESIGN WITH STEPPED LINE CUT AND U-SLOT

The proposed antenna has been simulated using Computer Simulation Technology Studio Suite 2016, and the performance of the antenna has been analyzed in terms of bandwidth, return loss, VSWR, gain, and resonant frequency.

The first step of this study is designing a conventional microstrip antenna. The antenna consists of two substrates, where the patch antenna on the upper layer and the microstrip line on the lower layer. The patch and the ground using a copper layer with a height of 0.035 mm. The height (h) of Rogers RT 5880 substrate is 0.787 mm.

And then, the antenna is designed to be conventional microstrip antenna arrays using this equation [18]. (Fig. 2):

𝑑 =

1

2 𝜆𝑔 (6)



Ls

Ls

Fig. 2. Optimal distance on two patches [18]

Array techniques can be used to improve the quality of the gain and directivity of the microstrip antenna. The function of patches distance is to avoid mutual coupling or the emergence of voltage in antenna due to adjacent antenna currents [19], [20].

The geometry of a conventional microstrip antenna arrays designed has been shown in Fig. 3(a) and 3(b). The dimensions of the antenna are as follow: periodic length 𝐿𝑠 = 20.24 mm, periodic width 𝑊𝑠 = 22.61 mm of the substrate with length 𝐿𝑝 = 2.9 mm, and width 𝑊𝑠 = 4.3 mm of the patch. The antenna design, as shown in Fig. 3, is operational at 28.46 GHz. The antenna has a bandwidth of 3.39 GHz and gains 7.84 dB.

Ws (a)

Ws (b)

Fig. 3. Conventional microstrip antenna arrays (a) upper layer (b) lower layer.

Then, the conventional microstrip antenna arrays are modified with Stepped Line Cut and U-slot.

A. Calculation of U-Slot Method

This slot patch method is done by cutting a part of the antenna patch with U-shaped. The dimensions of U-Slot methods have been shown in Fig. 4.

Fig. 4. Dimensions of U-slot method

Slots E and F thickness are define as [21]:

𝐸 = 𝐹 = 𝜆0 / 60 (7)

Slot D length is defined as :

𝐷 = 𝐶

𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑤 √𝜀𝑒𝑓𝑓− 2 (𝐿 + Δ𝐿 − 𝐸) (8)

Slot C is defined as :

C ≥ 0,3 𝑥 𝑊𝑝 (9)

B. Calculation of Stepped Line Cut Method

In the stepped line cut method, several corners of the rectangular patch are cut to produce the desired bandwidth. In this method, the angle of the patch can be cut in the form of steps based on geometry calculations [22], [23]. The geometry details of the stepped line cut methods have been shown in Fig. 5.

Fig. 5. Geometry details of stepped line cut methods [23]

𝑊1 = 𝑊𝐿 − 𝑊𝐻

2= ∑ 𝑊𝑅𝑛

𝑛=𝑛

𝑛=1

(10)

𝐿1 = 𝐿𝐿 − 𝐿𝐻

2= ∑ 𝐿𝑅𝑛 (11)

𝑛=𝑛

𝑛=1

Wp

Lp



𝐿𝑠

𝑑𝐵

𝑑𝐵

When the steps dimension is the same, then WR = WR1 = WR2 = … = WRn and LR = LR1 = LR2 = … = LRn, and it can be determined by the equation:

𝑊𝑅 =

𝑊1

𝑛 (12)

𝐿𝑅 =𝐿1

𝑛 (13)

𝑅1 = 𝑛 𝑥√𝐿𝑅2 + 𝑊𝑅

2 (14) where,

n = amount of steps R1 = slop of steps WR = width of steps LR = length of steps

Based on the formulas, the microstrip antenna arrays design with combination stepped line cut, and U-slot has been shown in Fig. 6.

𝑊𝑠

Fig. 6. Antenna arrays with a stepped line cut and U-slot

The dimensions of the antenna are as follow periodic length 𝐿𝑠 = 19.86 mm, periodic width 𝑊𝑠 = 23.41 mm of the substrate with length 𝐿𝑝 = 2.9 mm, and width 𝑊𝑝 = 5.1 mm of the patch. The antenna is operational at 28 GHz band and has better bandwidth and gain performances.

Fig. 7. Detail dimension of stepped line cut and U-slot

TABLE II: THE DIMENSION OF THE STEPPED LINE CUT AND U-SLOT Stepped Line Cut

(mm) U-Slot (mm)

WR LR C D E F 0.3 0.3 1.4117 1 0.1783 0.3

A comparison of antenna bandwidth performances has been shown in Fig. 8. The conventional antenna arrays have bandwidth 3.39 GHz. For some applications, the value of the conventional antenna arrays bandwidth was large enough, but for 5G mm-wave application still need to improved. In this observation, the modified antenna with stepped line cut and U-slot is effective in enhancing the bandwidth up to 4.47 GHz.

Frequency (GHz)

(a)

Frequency (GHz)

(b) Fig. 8. Bandwidth Enhancement (a) Conventional microstrip antenna arrays, (b) Microstrip antenna arrays with Stepped Line Cut and U-Slot.

TABLE III: SIMULATION ANTENNA PERFORMANCE COMPARISON

Performance Parameters

Antenna Array

Conventional Design Stepped Line Cut and U-slot

Bandwidth (GHz) 3.39 4.47 Return Loss (dB) -15.05 -20.52

Gain (dB) 7.84 8.71

As shown in Table III, modifying antenna with stepped line cut and U-slot doesn’t only enhance the bandwidth, but also gain. The modified antenna has a better value of return loss compare to the conventional antenna design.

(a)

𝐿𝑝

𝑊𝑝



(b)

Fig. 9. Radiation Pattern (a) Conventional microstrip antenna arrays, (b) Microstrip antenna arrays with a stepped line cut and U-slot.

Then, the microstrip antenna design with stepped line cut and U-slot is fabricated for further measurement and validate our proposal as shown in Fig. 10.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

Fig. 10. Fabrication result of microstrip antenna arrays with stepped line cut and U-slot (a) proposed antenna, (b) upper antenna layer, (c) feeding antenna layer, (d) ground antenna.

The comparison of simulation and measurement results of the proposed design method, as shown in Fig. 11. dB

Simulation ….. Measurement

(a) dB

Theta/ Degree

Simulation ….. Measurement (b)

Fig. 11. Comparison of simulation and measurement microstrip antenna arrays with a stepped line cut and U-slot (a) S-parameter (b) 2D Radiation pattern plot.

The comparison of simulation and measurement results shows that there is no significant difference, so it can be concluded that the proposed design method can be used as a solution to increase the microstrip antenna bandwidth for ultra-wideband 5G millimeter-wave frequency. Thus the results of this study can be used as basis for future studies to develop 5G antenna beamforming with high bandwidth performance.

IV. CONCLUSIONS The combination of U-slot techniques and a stepped

line cut method proved to be able to increase bandwidth



and gain performance of the microstrip antenna for 5G millimeter-wave application. The proposed design method was improved the antenna bandwidth up to 4.47 GHz or increase 31.8% compared to conventional design methods. The simulation and measurement result of the proposed design can be used as the basis for further development to enhance the performance of 5G millimeter-wave antennas and other applications.

CONFLICT OF INTEREST

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS

E.S, A.D, and K.V conducted the research; E.S, R, and A.D analyzed the data; E.S and A.D wrote the paper. All authors had approved the final version.

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GHz propagation channel measurement at a university campus for the 5G spectrum,” in Proc. IEEE Asia Pacific

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analysis of stepped-slot antenna for wireless,” Computer

Engineering and Intelligent Systems, vol. 7, no.4, pp. 12-25, 2016.

[8] J. Kevin, O. Levy, and S. Budi, “Perancangan antena MIMO 2×2 array rectangular patch dengan U-Slot untuk Aplikasi 5G,” JNTETI, vol. 6, no. 1, 2017.

[9] K. F. Lee, K. M. Luk, K. F. Tong, S. M. Shum, T. Huynh, and R. Q. Lee, “Experimental and simulation studies of the coaxially,” IEEE Proc -Microw Antennas Propag, vol. 144, no. 5, pp. 354-358, 1997.

[10] A. Khidre, K. F. Lee, A. Z. Elsherbeni, and F. Yang, “Wideband dual beam U-slot microstrip antenna,” IEEE

Transaction on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 61, no. 3, 2013.

[11] E. Sidhu, “Step slotted microstrip patch antenna with Defected Ground Structure (DGS) for wideband applications,” International Journal of Advanced Research

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[12] A. V. Khrisna, “Stepped cut four corners microstrip patch antenna to enhance bandwidth at 7.5 GHz for Wireless communications,” International Journal of Scientific

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enhancement techniques of microstrip patch antenna,” International Journal of Engineering Sciences & Research

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Electromagnetics Research, vol. 137, pp. 599-619, 2013 Copyright © 2020 by the authors. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0), which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided that the article is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

Efri Sandi was born in Rumbai, Riau Province, Indonesia, in 1975. He received the B.S. degree from Universitas Negeri Padang (UNP), Indonesia, in 1999, the M.S. degree from Universitas Trisakti, Indonesia, in 2004, and his Ph.D degree from Universitas Indonesia, in 2017, all in electrical

engineering. He joined to the Department of Electrical



Engineering Universitas Negeri Jakarta since 2008 as a lecture. Since 2019 he has been appointed as head of electronic engineering education program in engineering faculty Universitas Negeri Jakarta. He also worked as a telecommunications consultant for several telecommunications companies in Indonesia since 2005. His research interests include antenna and propagation, mobile communication and radar application. Email: [email protected]

Rusmono was born in Jakarta, DKI Jakarta Province, Indonesia, in 1959. He received the B.S. degree from electronic engineering education IKIP Jakarta, Indonesia, in 1984, and the B.S degree from electrical engineering Universitas Indonesia, in 2000, the M.S. degree and Ph.D degree from IKIP Jakarta, in 1995 and 2009, all in educational technology.

He joined to the Department of Electrical Engineering Universitas Negeri Jakarta since 1985 as a lecture. Since 2016 he has been appointed as secretary of the research institute Universitas Negeri Jakarta. He also worked as an instructional design consultant for several university and companies in Indonesia since 1995. His research interests include instructional design in electrical engineering, curriculum design in electrical engineering and communication system. Email: [email protected]

Aodah Diamah was born in Jakarta, Indonesia, in 1978. She received the B.S. degree from Universitas Indonesia (UI), Indonesia, in 2001 and the M.S. degree from Monash University, Australia, in 2004. She received her Ph.D degree from University of Canberra, Australia, in 2017, all in electrical engineering. She

joined to the Department of Electrical Engineering Universitas Negeri Jakarta since 2005 as a lecture. Since 2019 she has been appointed as Quality Assurance (GP3M) of graduate program Universitas Negeri Jakarta. Her research interests include computer programing, algorithm analysis and antenna propagation. Email : [email protected]

Karisma Vinda was born in Jakarta, Indonesia, in 1997. She received the B.S. degree from Universitas Negeri Jakarta (UNJ), Indonesia, in 2019 with majoring electrical engineering. She joined to the antenna and microwave research group in Department of Electrical Engineering Universitas Negeri Jakarta since 2016 as

a research assistant. Currently, she continuing M.S degree in electrical engineering with majoring telecommunication system. Her research interests include antenna and propagation, communication system and radar application. Email: [email protected]



LAMPIRAN 4 PUBLIKASI PROSIDING INTERNASIONAL

Gain Enhancement by Using Combination Slot Techniques for

Millimeter-wave 5G Antenna

Efri Sandi *, Baso Maruddani, and Susana Aprilia Betakore

Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Negeri

Jakarta

*[email protected]

Abstract. This research aims to increase the antenna gain by adding U-slot and Y-slot and using

the air gap method at millimeter-wave frequency 28 GHz. In the previous studies have shown an

increase in antenna gain by using additional slots on the microstrip patch antenna, such as the U-

slot, V-slot or Y-slot method. The air gap arrangement on the double layer substrate antenna also

has an impact on increasing the gain. For this reason, this study carried out the development of

the design of the microstrip antenna structure with the addition of U-slots and Y-slots as well as

the adjustment of the distance between the two substrates, so it is expected to significantly

increase the antenna gain. This research was conducted using quantitative methods through

calculating the design, simulation, and fabrication of the combination U-slot and Y-slot

structures and arrangement the distance between two substrate layers. The antenna design uses

the Rogers RT5880 substrate material with a dielectric constant (𝜀𝑟) = 2.2, and ℎ = 0.787 mm

with dimensions 18.5 x 31.5 mm. Simulation and measurement results show that the proposed

combination method can increase the millimeter-wave antenna gain significantly and better than

the results of previous studies.

Keywords — Millimeter-wave antenna, air gap, U slot, Y slot, gain, 5G Antenna

1. Introduction

Cellular communication technology is now entering the fifth-generation (5G). The development of this

technology will support high-speed broadband data in many applications, such as machine to machine

communication, remote manufacturing industries using robotic applications and other applications using

the internet of things (IoT) [1]. The 5G application is an advanced of 4G generation on the

telecommunications network. The fifth-generation of cellular wireless communication is targeting to

increase data rates higher than the previous generation [2], [3]. The 5G application is designed at C-

band frequency (3.5 GHz) and millimeter-wave frequency such as 28 GHz, 38GHz, and 72 GHz with a

bandwidth of 500 MHz, 1 GHz, 2 GHz which corresponds to high data rates [4].

One important device in 5G technology is the 5G antenna technology. Various studies have been

developed to improve the performance of 5G antennas, one of them is the development of microstrip

antenna performance as one type of antenna that is widely used today. Microstrip antenna is also one

type of antenna that has good performance in the millimeter-wave band. Microstrip antennas have

several advantages over other types of antennas, such as simple shapes, relatively lightweight, easy to

fabricate and can be designed according to certain communication devices [5].

However besides the advantages of microstrip antennas also has several of disadvantages, such as

low efficiency, low directivity, and gain, having losses in the feeding network, and narrow bandwidth

[6]. In general, to improve antenna performance can be done by making antenna array configurations,

but for microstrip antennas other problems such as surface wave effects also occur. The surface wave

effects are waves that are generated and move inside the microstrip antenna substrate and will be

reflected at the interface of the air substrate and the metal layer. The effect of this surface-wave will

inhibit the increase in gain and bandwidth of the microstrip array antenna [7], [8].

For this reason, many studies and solutions were given to overcome surface waves in microstrip array

antennas, such as the addition of air gap techniques [9]-[13]. The air gap is a technique of giving air gap

between the ground plane and the substrate. The air gap is applied to eliminate back-lobe and increase

gain with the addition of the tapered peripheral slits method. The result shows that it can obtain a gain

value of 3.01 dB at the UHF frequency of 435.6 MHz [14]. Meanwhile, the distance of the air gap affects

the gain value on the antenna, the results obtained are Gain 8.6 dB with the co-axial probe feed technique

[15]. However, the air gap technique can affect the antenna resonance frequency, so it is necessary to

use strip-lines feed to improve antenna bandwidth performance [16].

Furthermore, several study results propose the addition of a slot method to improve the performance

of a microstrip antenna [17]-[20]. The addition of slots on the antenna patch has an impact on increasing

the antenna bandwidth, decreasing the value of return-loss, and increasing the gain on the antenna [21]-

[25]. The slot method has several types such as C-slot, E-slot, Y-slot, and U-slot [23]-[28]. This slot

method shows different performance and U-slot shows better performance compare to others [28].

Therefore, in this study will propose development through a combination of slot techniques and

microstrip antenna air gap adjustment to get better bandwidth more than 2 GHz in the millimeter-wave

frequency compared to previous studies (average less than 2 GHz).

2. Theoretical foundations

2.1. U and Y-slot Method

U and Y-slot is considered as a combination of the U-slot and Y-slot. Y-slot consists of two vertical

parallel rectangular slots, a horizontal rectangular slot, and a vertical rectangular slot cut below the

horizontal slot. The additional U-slot is smaller than the Y-slot and cut in the middle of the Y-slot. The

width of the slot must be relatively small to the slot length. The combination of U and Y-slot as shown

in Figure 1.

Figure 1. Design Patch Antenna with U and Y-Slot

The U-slot structure design is calculated based on parameters C, D, and E as shown in Figure 1, with

the following relationship [29].

Inner width of U-Y slot

E = F = 𝜆

60 (1)

Length of U and Y-slot

𝐶

𝑊 ≥ 0,3 (2)

Outer width of U and Y-slot

D = 𝑐

𝐹𝑙𝑜𝑤√Ɛ𝑒𝑓𝑓− 2(𝐿 + 2𝛥𝐿 − 𝐹) (3)

Where,

𝜀𝑒𝑓𝑓 =εr+ 1

2+ [

εr− 1

2(

1

√1+12ℎ

𝑊𝐹

)] (4)

Where 𝑊 is the width of antenna patch, 𝐿 is the length of antenna patch and 𝜀𝑒𝑓𝑓 is effective

dielectric constant of substrate antenna.

2.2. Air Gap Method

The air gap method is a technique of giving air gap between the ground plane and the substrate. By

adding the air gap between the substrate and the ground plane can also increase efficiency and reduce

the high loss on the substrate and it reduces the effective dielectric constant. The gap distance is

explained in equation (5).

𝐺 = 1 − |𝑍0 √𝜀𝑒𝑓𝑓−𝑍0

𝑍0 √𝜀𝑒𝑓𝑓+𝑍0|

2

𝑥 16

3𝜋 (5)

Equation (5) shows that the effective dielectric constant is inversely proportional to the gain value

which is the smaller of the effective dielectric constant will provide the greater the gain value [26].

2.3. Microstrip Patch Antenna

Microstrip antenna consists of patch as radiator, substrate material and ground plane. Radiation on

patches and feed lines is usually engraved on the top side of the dielectric substrate. The patch antenna

dimensions are obtained from equations (6) and (7).

Wp = 𝑐

2𝑓𝑟√Ɛ𝑟+1

2

(6)

Leff = 𝐶

2 𝑥 𝑓𝑟√Ɛ𝑒𝑓𝑓 (7)

Microstrip patch antenna has several feeding techniques such as microstrip line feeding, coaxial

probe, aperture technique, and proximity coupled. Microstrip line feeding is designed to obtain

impedance matching with antenna radiating elements [5].

3. Antenna Design Method

The antenna is designed using RT Duroid 5880 as the substrate which has a dielectric constant (𝜀𝑟) =

2.2 and a thickness ℎ = 0.787 mm. Antenna design consists of U and Y-slot structure design and air

gap design to get the best performance.

3.1. Array Antenna Design

The basic array antenna before adding the U and Y-slot techniques and the air gap adjustment with

dimensions 18.41 x 37.22 mm as shown in Figure 2.

3.2. Design Antenna with U and Y-slot and Air Gap

Antenna array design with the addition of U and Y-slot and the addition of air gap as shown in Figure

3. The design of this structure is based on equations (1) to (3) at the frequency 28 GHz. The air gap

adjustment between substrates is calculated based on equation (5).

Figure 2. Basic Array Antenna 2x2 Figure 3. Proposed Antenna

4. Results and discussion

The 2x2 microstrip array antenna design is simulated using CST Microwave Studio 2016 software to

describe antenna performance, such as S-parameters and antenna radiation performance. The design

construction for the 2x2 array antenna simulation uses simulation software as shown in Figure 2 and

Figure 3 for the proposed antenna using a combination of U-slot and Y-slot and air gap settings.

Simulation results for the comparison of S-parameter and bandwidth performance of the antenna design

with the addition of a combination of slots and air gaps as shown in Figure 4.

Basic Array Antenna 2x2 (Conventional) Proposed Antenna Design

Figure 4. S-Parameter and Bandwidth Comparison

The comparison results as shown in Figure 4 prove that the microstrip antenna design method using a

combination of slots and air gap settings can significantly improve antenna performance. These results

indicate an improvement in return loss at the center frequency from -31 dB to -40 dB. For comparison

of bandwidth performance, it is obtained an increase in bandwidth of 1.807 GHz from 829 MHz to 2.636

GHz or around 217%. This result also shows an increase in bandwidth performance compared to the

results of previous studies [25] - [27].

The main parameter performance observed in this study was the increase in antenna gain parameters.

The software simulation results show an increase in antenna gain with the method of adding a

combination of slots and setting the air gap as shown in Figure 5 and Figure 6.

Figure 5. Gain of the Conventional Antenna Figure 6. Gain of the Proposed Antenna Design

These results indicate that the proposed design using the slot combination method and the air gap

setting can increase the gain performance by 4.2 dB from 9.1 dB on conventional antennas to 13.3 dB

on the proposed antenna design. Through a 2x2 array configuration, these results also show significant

improvements compared to the gains achieved in previous studies [25] - [27]. The best results in this

study were obtained by iterating the combination of slot design and air gap spacing. The best results are

obtained by using a dual U-slot with an air gap of 1.09 mm.

As a verification of the design simulation results, microstrip antenna fabrication was carried out to

obtain the measurement results. Fabricated antennas as shown in Figure 7.

Figure 7. Fabrication of the Proposed Antenna Design

Comparison of simulation and measurement results as shown in Figure 8. This comparison shows

there are differences in bandwidth and return loss values at the center frequency. This is caused by

fabrication factors at millimeter-wave high frequencies that are easily affected in the measurement.

However, these results have illustrated that the results of simulations and measurements have the same

trend. Thus it can be concluded that the proposed method results in improved antenna parameters.

Figure 8. S-Parameter comparison of the simulation and measurement result

5. Conclusion

The method of adding a combination of slots to the microstrip patch antenna and air gaps has been

described. Simulation and measurement results show that this method can increase the bandwidth

performances to reach 2.636 GHz and gain enhancement to 13.3 dB. The observations in this study show

improvements in antenna performance compared to conventional array antennas and several previous

studies. The proposed method in this study can be used as a basis for further development of the 5G

millimeter-wave antenna.

Acknowledgments

The authors would like to acknowledge for PTUPT the Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher

Education the Republic of Indonesia for research scheme under contract no. 66/SP2H/DRPM/LPPM

/III/2020.

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