ANALISA PERPINDAHAN PANAS PADA PROSES SULFONASI

INDUSTRI PEMBUATAN DETERGEN

SKRIPSI

IWAN SUPRIYADI

1210311017

UNIVERSITAS PEMBANGUNAN NASIONAL “ VETERAN ” JAKARTA

FAKULTAS TEKNIK

PROGRAM STUDI S-1 TEKNIK MESIN

2017

ANALISA PERPINDAHAN PANAS PADA PROSES SULFONASI

INDUSTRI PEMBUATAN DETERGEN

SKRIPSI

Diajukan Sebagai Salah Satu Syarat Untuk Memperoleh Gelar

Sarjana Teknik Mesin

IWAN SUPRIYADI

1210311017

UNIVERSITAS PEMBANGUNAN NASIONAL “ VETERAN ” JAKARTA

FAKULTAS TEKNIK

PROGRAM STUDI S-1 TEKNIK MESIN

2017

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ANALISIS PERPINDAHAN PANAS PADA PROSES SULFONASI

INDUSTRI PEMBUATAN DETERGEN

Iwan Supriyadi

Abstrak

Proses perpindahan panas tidak bisa lepas kaitannya dari kehidupan sehari-hari tidak

terkecuali dengan proses sulfonasi pada pembuatan detergen, pada proses sulfonasi

digunakan boiler sebagai media penyuplai panas, boiler digunakan karena medianya yang

sangat mudah didapat dan ekonomis yaitu air, air ketika dipanaskan akan menghasilkan

ledakan melebihi bubuk mesiu maka dari itu di gunakan sebagi bahan penyuplai panas untuk

proses. Pada berlangsungnya proses sulfonasi mengharapkan temperatur 120 0C namun pada

kenyataannya temperatur yang diharapkan tidak tercapai, temperatur yang disuplai dari boiler

sampai pada proses sulfonasi hanya 116.02 0C. Terjadinya penurunan temperatur perlunya

analisa mengenai proses perpindahan panas untuk mengetahui berapa besar proses

perpindahan panas pada proses sulfonasi serta unjuk kerja dari boiler sebagi suplai uap.

Setelah dilakukan analisa dan perhitungan maka didapat kehilangan panas pada proses

sulfonasi sebesar 96927 W/m2

C, kebutuhan uap pada proses sebesar 2.48 kg/s, perpindahan

panas menyeluruh 13.916 W/m2 C,untuk heat loses pipa isolasi 561.7 W/m sedangkan heat

loses pada permukaan pipa isolasi sebesar 2.55 W/m dengan efisiensi Boiler sebesar 71.6 %.

Maka dari itu pentingnya perawatan secara berkala guna meningkatkan effisiensi boiler serta

perbaikan terhadap pipa isolasi untuk memperkecil kehilangan panas.

Kata Kunci : Boiler, Proses Perpindahan Panas, Sulfonasi

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ANALYSIS OF HEAT TRANSFER SULFONATION PROCESS OF

MAKING DETERGENT IN INDUSTRIAL

Iwan Supriyadi

Abstract

The process of heat transfer can’t escape relation of daily life is no exception with the

sulfonation process in the manufacture of detergents, the sulfonation process used boiler as

media supplies heat, the boiler is used as the medium which is very easily available and

economical: water, water when heated will produce an explosion exceeds gunpowder

therefore be used as a material supply process heat. In the process of sulfonation expect the

temperature of 120 0C but in fact the expected temperature is not reached, the temperature is

supplied from the boiler to the sulfonation process only 116.02 0C. The decrease in the

temperature of the need for an analysis of the heat transfer process to determine how much

heat transfer process in the sulfonation process as well as the performance of the boiler as a

steam supply. After analysis and calculation of the importance of the loss of heat in the

process of sulfonation amounted to 96 927 W / m2 C, the steam demand in process at 2:48 kg

/ s, heat transfer thoroughly 13,916 W / m2 C, for heat loses pipe insulation 561.7 W / m

while the heat loses on the surface of the pipe insulation at 2:55 W / m with a boiler

efficiency of 71.6%. Thus the importance of regular maintenance in order to improve the

efficiency of the boiler as well as repairs to the pipe insulation to minimize heat loss.

Keywords : Boiler, Heat Transfer, Sulfonation

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DAFTAR ISI

HALAMAN JUDUL ...................................................................................... i

PERNYATAAN ORISINALTITAS .............................................................. ii

PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI SKRIPSI ........................... iii

PENGESAHAN ............................................................................................... iv

ABSTRAK ...................................................................................................... v

ABSTRACT .................................................................................................... vi

KATA PENGANTAR .................................................................................... vii

DAFTAR ISI ................................................................................................... viii

DAFTAR TABEL ........................................................................................... xi

DAFTAR GAMBAR ....................................................................................... xii

DAFTAR NOTASI ......................................................................................... xiii

BAB I PENDAHULUAN ................................................................................ 1

I.1 Latar Belakang ............................................................................................ 1

I.2 Perumusan Masalah .................................................................................... 2

I.3 Maksud Dan Tujuan ................................................................................... 2

I.4 Batasan Masalah ......................................................................................... 2

I.5 Metode Penulisan ....................................................................................... 3

I.6 Sistematika Penulisan ................................................................................. 4

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BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA ..................................................................... 5

II. Reaksi Sulfonasi Proses Pembuatan Detergen ........................................... 5

II.1 Prinsip Kerja Sistem Pembangkit Uap ..................................................... 6

II.2 Siklus Rankine .......................................................................................... 6

II.3 Boiler ........................................................................................................ 11

II.4 Proses Perpindahan Panas ......................................................................... 20

II.5 Kehilangan Panas pada Pipa Isolasi .......................................................... 23

II.6 Metode LMTD .......................................................................................... 24

II.7 Evaluasi Kinerja Boiler ............................................................................. 25

II.8 Efisiensi Boiler ......................................................................................... 27

BAB III METODE PENELITIAN .................................................................. 29

III.1 Mulai ........................................................................................................ 29

III.2 Langkah Metode Penelitian ..................................................................... 30

III.3 Spesifikasi Boiler ..................................................................................... 31

BAB IV PERHITUNGAN DAN PEMBAHASAN ........................................ 37

IV.1 efisiensi Boiler ......................................................................................... 37

IV.2 Perhitungan Kehilangan Panas Pada Proses Sulfonasi ............................ 38

IV.3 Perhitungan Kebutuhan Uap Pada Proses Sulfonasi ............................... 38

IV.4 Perhitungan Perpindahan Panas Proses Sulfonasi ................................... 40

IV.5 Perhitungan Heat loses Pipe Insulation ................................................... 42

IV.6 perhitungan Efisiensi Boiler .................................................................... 43

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BAB V SIMPULAN DAN SARAN ................................................................ 46

V.1 Simpulan ................................................................................................... 46

V.2 Saran ......................................................................................................... 46

DAFTAR PUSTAKA ...................................................................................... 47

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DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 3.1. Spesifikasi Hoken Boiler ............................................................... 31

Tabel 3.2. Feed Water Yang Diijinkan ............................................................ 32

Tabel 3.3. Data Hoken Boiler ......................................................................... 31

Tabel 3.4. Operasional Hoken Boiler ............................................................. 35

Tabel 3.5. Data Feed Water Hoken Boiler ...................................................... 35

Tabel 3.6 Data Temperatur Pada mesin Sulfonasi .......................................... 36

Tabel 3.7 Data-data Pendukung ...................................................................... 36

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DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 2.1. Reaktor Sulfonasi ....................................................................... 5

Gambar 2.2. Skema Peralatan Pada Siklus Rankine ....................................... 9

Gambar 2.3. Contoh T-S Diagram Siklus Rankine ......................................... 10

Gambar 2.4. Temperatur – Entropi untuk siklus rankine ideal ....................... 10

Gambar 2.5. Water Tube Boiler ...................................................................... 12

Gambar 2.6. Fire Tube Boiler ......................................................................... 13

Gambar 2.7. Hoken Boiler .............................................................................. 12

Gambar 2.8. Ruang Bakar ............................................................................... 15

Gambar 2.9. Drum Uap .................................................................................... 16

Gambar 2.10. Daerator .................................................................................... 17

Gambar 2.11. Feed Water Pump ...................................................................... 17

Gambar 2.12. Burner ....................................................................................... 18

Gambar 2.13. Electrik Fun ............................................................................... 18

Gambar 2.14. Cerobong Gas Buang ................................................................ 19

Gambar 2.15. Manometer ............................................................................... 19

Gambar 2.16. Pipa Isolasi ............................................................................... 23

Gambar 2.17. Diagram neraca energy ............................................................ 26

Gambar 2.18. Berbagai kehilangan panas pada produksi steam ..................... 27

Gambar 4.1. Skema Pemanfaatan Hoken Boiler ............................................ 37

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DAFTAR NOTASI

Q : Perpindahan Panas Kj/h

A : Luas Permukaan Benda m2

K : Konduktifitas Thermal W/m 0C

LMTD : Beda Temperatur Antara Dua Liran 0C

Ta : Temperatur Permukaan Pipa 0C

Ts : Temperatur Lingkungan 0C

Tf : Temperatur Fluida 0C

Do : Diameter Luar pipa Inchi

Ds : Diameter Total Inchi

D1 : Diameter Dalam Pipa Inchi

Cp : Coefisien Perpindahan Panas kj/kg

M : massa Fluida Kg/h

H : Entalpi kj/kg

Hg : Entalpi Steam Jenuh Kj/kg

Hf : Entalpi Air Umpan Kj/kg