slide 4-3 right-sizing a web site?
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Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 4-1
Bab 4Membangun Web Site E-commerce
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 4-2
Learning Objectives Jelaskan proses yang harus diikuti dalam membangun
sebuah situs e-commerce Jelaskan isu utama seputar keputusan untuk melakukan
outsourcing pengembangan dan / atau hosting yang Mengidentifikasi dan memahami pertimbangan utama
yang terlibat dalam memilih Server dan e-commerce software pedagang Server
Memahami isu-isu yang terlibat dalam memilih perangkat keras yang paling sesuai untuk situs e-commerce
Mengidentifikasi alat tambahan yang dapat meningkatkan performa situs Web
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Right-Sizing a Web Site? Use a Simulator Simulator situs web seperti IBM High Volume Situs Web
(HVWS) Simulator dapat membantu menjawab pertanyaan seperti Berapa banyak Web server situs Anda tidak memerlukan Berapa banyak CPU harus setiap server memiliki Bagaimana kuat apakah server database situs perlu Apa jenis kecepatan koneksi yang Anda butuhkan untuk
Internet The HVWS Simulator menggunakan model antrian yang
memperkirakan kinerja dan kapasitas dari sebuah situs web berdasarkan patters beban kerja, tujuan kinerja dan perangkat keras dan perangkat lunak khusus
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Right-Sizing a Web Site? Use a SimulatorPage 195
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Building an E-commerce Site: A Systematic Approach
Dua tantangan manajemen yang paling penting dalam membangun sebuah situs e-commerce yang sukses adalah: Mengembangkan pemahaman yang jelas
tentang tujuan bisnis Mengetahui bagaimana memilih teknologi
yang tepat untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut
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Pieces of the Site-Building Puzzle
Bidang utama di mana Anda akan perlu untuk membuat keputusan dalam membangun sebuah situs meliputi: Sumber daya manusia dan kemampuan organisasi -
menciptakan sebuah tim yang memiliki keterampilan set untuk membangun dan mengelola sebuah situs yang sukses
perangkat keras perangkat lunak telekomunikasi desain situs
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Pieces of the E-commerce Site-Building PuzzleFigure 4.1, Page 198
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The Systems Development Life Cycle
Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC) is a methodology for understanding the business objectives of a system and designing an appropriate solution
Five major steps in the SDLC are: Systems analysis/planning Systems design Building the system Testing Implementation
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Web Site Systems Development Life CycleFigure 4.2, Page 199
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System Analysis/Planning: Identifying Business Objectives, System Functionality, and Information Requirements
Sasaran bisnis: daftar kemampuan Anda ingin situs Anda memiliki
Sistem fungsi: daftar jenis-jenis kemampuan sistem informasi yang Anda perlukan untuk mencapai tujuan bisnis Anda
Kebutuhan informasi: elemen informasi bahwa sistem harus memproduksi dalam rangka mencapai tujuan bisnis
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Systems Analysis: Business Objectives, System Functionality, and Information Requirements for a Typical E-commerce SiteTable 4.1, Page 200
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Systems Design: Hardware and Software Platforms
Spesifikasi desain sistem: deskripsi dari komponen utama dari sistem dan hubungan mereka satu sama lain.
Desain sistem dapat dibagi menjadi dua bagian: Desain logis meliputi:
Diagram dataflow yang menggambarkan arus informasi di situs, fungsi pengolahan yang harus dilakukan, dan database yang akan digunakan
Keterangan keamanan dan sistem cadangan darurat, dan kontrol yang akan digunakan
Desain fisik: menerjemahkan desain logis ke dalam komponen fisik
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A Logical Design for a Simple Web SiteFigure 4.3 (a), Page 202
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A Physical Design for a Simple Web SiteFigure 4.3 (b), Page 202
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Building the System: In-House versus Outsourcing
Outsourcing: menyewa vendor luar untuk menyediakan layanan yang terlibat dalam membangun situs
Membangun keputusan Anda sendiri dibandingkan outsourcing di Membangun tim Anda sendiri membutuhkan dengan beragam
keahlian, pilihan perangkat lunak, baik risiko dan manfaat yang mungkin
Tuan rumah Anda sendiri terhadap outsourcing Hosting: perusahaan hosting bertanggung jawab untuk
memastikan situs dapat diakses 24/7, untuk biaya bulanan Co-location: pembelian perusahaan atau sewa server Web
(dengan kontrol atas operasi), tetapi server terletak di di fasilitas fisik vendor
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Insight on Business: The Small Entrepreneur’s Edge
Outsourcing: menyewa vendor luar untuk menyediakan layanan yang terlibat dalam membangun situs
Membangun keputusan Anda sendiri dibandingkan outsourcing di Membangun tim Anda sendiri membutuhkan dengan beragam
keahlian, pilihan perangkat lunak, baik risiko dan manfaat yang mungkin
Tuan rumah Anda sendiri terhadap outsourcing Hosting: perusahaan hosting bertanggung jawab untuk
memastikan situs dapat diakses 24/7, untuk biaya bulanan Co-location: pembelian perusahaan atau sewa server Web
(dengan kontrol atas operasi), tetapi server terletak di di fasilitas fisik vendor......
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Choices in Building and HostingFigure 4.4, Page 203
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The Spectrum of Tools for Building Your Own E-commerce SiteFigure 4.5, Page 205
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Costs of Customizing E-commerce PackagesFigure 4.6, Page 205
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Key Players: Hosting/Co-location ServicesTable 4.2, Page 206
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Testing, Implementation and Maintenance pengujian:
Termasuk unit testing, pengujian sistem dan pengujian penerimaan
Implementasi dan pemeliharaan: Pemeliharaan sedang berlangsung, dengan 20% dari waktu
yang dihabiskan untuk debugging kode dan menanggapi situasi darurat, 20% dengan mengubah laporan, file data dan link ke database backend, dan 60% untuk administrasi umum dan membuat perubahan dan penyempurnaan sistem
Benchmarking: proses dimana situs dibandingkan dengan para pesaing dalam hal kecepatan respon, kualitas tata letak dan desain
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Insight on Technology: Buying Something You Can’t See
Asuransi menggambarkan kelas produk yang sulit untuk menggambarkan atau membandingkan, dan karena itu sulit untuk berjualan secara online
Situs Web InsWeb.com menunjukkan tantangan merancang sebuah situs web agar sesuai dengan produk yang dijual
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Factors in Web Site OptimizationFigure 4.7, Page 210
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Components of a Web Site BudgetFigure 4.8, Page 211
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Simple versus Multi-tiered Web Site Architecture
Sistem arsitektur: mengacu pada pengaturan perangkat lunak, mesin, dan tugas dalam sistem informasi yang dibutuhkan untuk mencapai fungsi tertentu
Arsitektur dua-tier: Web server merespon permintaan untuk halaman web dan server database menyediakan penyimpanan data backend
Arsitektur multi-tier: Web server terhubung dengan lapisan tengah-tier yang biasanya mencakup serangkaian aplikasi server yang melakukan tugas tertentu, serta lapisan backend sistem perusahaan yang ada
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Two-Tier E-commerce ArchitectureFigure 4.9(a), Page 212
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Multi-tier E-commerce ArchitectureFigure 4.9(b), Page 212
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Web Server Software Semua situs e-commerce memerlukan
perangkat lunak Web server dasar untuk menjawab permintaan HTTP dari pelanggan
Apache perangkat lunak server web terkemuka, hanya bekerja dengan sistem operasi UNIX
Microsoft Internet Information Server (IIS) perangkat lunak server web utama kedua
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Key Players in Web Server SoftwareFigure 4.10, Page 213
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Basic Functionality Provided by Web ServersTable 4.3, Page 214
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Site Management Tools
Semua server web berisi alat manajemen situs dasar yang memverifikasi bahwa link pada halaman masih berlaku dan juga mengidentifikasi file yatim
Tambahan perangkat lunak manajemen situs dan layanan seperti yang disediakan oleh Webtrends dapat dibeli
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WebTrends SoftwarePage 216
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WebTrends SoftwarePage 216
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WebTrends SoftwarePage 216
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WebTrends SoftwarePage 216
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Dynamic Page Generation Tools
Generasi Halaman Dinamis : isi halaman web disimpan sebagai obyek dalam database bukannya keras-kode dalam HTML, dan diambil bila diperlukan dari database
Alat termasuk CGI (Common Gateway Interface), ASP (Active Server Pages), JSP (Java Server Pages), dll
Menurunkan biaya menu, memungkinkan segmentasi pasar online yang mudah, dan memungkinkan diskriminasi harga bebas biaya
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Application Servers
Web application servers: software programs that provide specific business functionality required of a Web site
Are an example of middleware software A number of different types available,
providing a variety of functionality
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Application Servers and Their FunctionsTable 4.4, Page 218
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E-commerce Merchant Server Software Functionality
Provides the basic functionality needed for online sales, including:
Online catalog Shopping cart Credit card processing
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Merchant Server Software Packages (E-commerce Suites)
Offer integrated environment that provides functionality and capabilities needed to develop sophisticated, customer-centric site
Key factors to consider in choosing include: Functionality Support for different business models Business process modeling tools Visual site management tools and reporting Performance and scalability Connectivity to existing business systems Compliance with standards Global and multicultural capability Local sales tax and shipping rules
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Widely Used Midrange and High-end E-commerce SuitesTable 4.5, Page 220
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Choosing the Hardware for an E-commerce Site
Hardware platform: refers to all the underlying computing equipment that the system users to achieve e-commerce functionality
Objective to have enough platform capacity to meet peak demand but not so much that you are wasting money
Important to understand the different factors that affect speed, capacity and scalability of a site
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Right-Sizing Your Hardware Platform: The Demand Side
Demand that customers put on a site the most important factor affecting the speed of a site
Factors involved in demand include: Number of simultaneous users in peak periods Nature of customer requests (user profile) Type of content (dynamic versus static Web pages) Required security Number of items in inventory Number of page requests Speed of legacy applications
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Factors in Right-sizing an E-commerce PlatformTable 4.6, Page 223
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Degradation in Performance as Number of Users IncreasesFigure 4.11, Page 224
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Capacity of Static Page Web ServersFigure 4.12, Page 225
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Visitor Profile at Typical E-commerce SitesTable 4.7, Page 225
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The Impact of Dynamic Page Content on Web ServersFigure 4.13, Page 226
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The Relationship of Bandwidth to HitsFigure 4.14, Page 227
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Right-Sizing Your Hardware Platform: The Supply Side
Scalability: refers to the ability of a site to increase in size as demand warrants
Ways to scale hardware: Vertically: increase the processing power
of individual components Horizontally: employ multiple computers to
share the workload Improve processing architecture
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Eight Vertical and Horizontal Scaling TechniquesTable 4.8, Page 228
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Vertically Scaling a SystemFigure 4.15, Page 228
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Horizontally Scaling a SystemFigure 4.16, Page 229
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Improving the Processing Architecture of Your SiteTable 4.9, Page 230
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Web Site Design: Basic Business Considerations
To achieve basic business functionality of a Web site, need to be aware of design guidelines and software tools that can build active content and functionality
Poorly designed Web sites drive customers away
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Web Site Features that Annoy CustomersFigure 4.17, Page 231
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The Eight Most Important Factors in Successful E-commerce Site DesignTable 4.10, Page 232
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Tools for Interactivity and Active Content CGI (Common Gateway Interface): Set of standards for
communication between a browser and a program running on a server that allows for interaction between the user and the server
ASP (Active Server Pages): Enables programmers using Microsoft’s IIS package to build dynamic pages
Java: Allows programmers to create interactivity and active content on the client computer
JSP (Java Server Pages): Similar to CGI and ASP; allows developers to use a combination of HTML, JSP scripts and Java to dynamically generate Web pages in response to user requests
JavaScript: Programming language invented by Netscape that is used to control objects on a Web page and handle interactions with browser
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Tools for Interactivity and Active Content (cont’d)
ActiveX: Programming language invented by Microsoft to compete with Java
VBScript: Programming language invented by Microsoft to compete with JavaScript
ColdFusion: An integrated server-side environment for developing interactive Web applications f
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Personalization Tools Personalization: Ability to treat people based
on their personal qualities and prior history with your site
Customization: Ability to change the product to better fit the needs of the customer
Cookies the primary method for achieving personalization and customization
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The Information Policy Set Privacy policy: Set of public statements
declaring how site will treat customers’ personal information that is gathered by site
Accessibility rules: Set of design objectives that ensure disabled users can affectively access site
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Insight on Society: Design Your Web Site for Accessibility
Section 508, Rehabilitation Act: Requires Web sites of federally funded organizations to be accessible to users who are blind, deaf, blind and deaf, or unable to use a mouse
Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA): recent Federal district court decision ruled that ADA applies only to physical spaces, not virtual spaces such as Web
Design strategies that can improve accessibility include: Embedding text descriptions behind images Allowing users to set color and font schemes Adding screen magnification tools and sound labels Using features that enable page activation via a variety of
input devices
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Case Study: REI: Multi-Channel Champ Rebuilds Web Site
REI.com: World’s largest online retailer of outdoor gear Original version of site (launched September 1996) built
in-house, with off-the-shelf software tools and Netscape’s Merchant Server software installed on an IBM RS/6000
Upgraded to IBM’s Net.Commerce server in 1998, launched 2nd Web site (rei-outlet.com), and migrated rei.com to new system
Third rebuild of Web site in 2002, standardizing on IBM’s WebSphere
2002—REI named one of best multi-channel companies in U.S.
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REI: Multi-channel Champ Rebuilds Web SitePage 239
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REI: Multi-channel Champ Rebuilds Web SitePage 241
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