komvis - signs, symbol, and semiotics
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Signs, Symbol, and Semiotics
Komunikasi VisualSyauqy Lukman
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Consider These
Kenapa di Supermarket kita bakal tertarik denganproduk tertentu saja, padahal dalam kategori/rak
yang sama ada berbagai jenis produk lain?
Bagaimana kamu tahu bahwa sesuatu itu adalahsebuah konsep yang diwakili objek spesifik dengan
nama tertentu pula?
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Coba Lihat Rangsangan Visual Berikut ini!
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Resemblence
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Cause and Effect
or Logic
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Convention; no way to naturally know this
And theres no logical connection between
the object and what it stands for
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POHON
Signification; standing for something else
Convention, as the relationship between the word and the object
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Cara kita melihat, menginterpretasi, danmengartikan sesuatu sangatlah beragam.
Namun, semuanya dapat dijelaskan dengan
perspektif Semiotics, sebuah ilmu/kajian tentangtanda-tanda (signs)
Pada dasarnya Semiotics adalah ilmu tentang tanda.
Bidang kajiannya adalah Pemaknaan tanda-tandayang berwujud obyek dan juga kata-kata tentang
tanda (bahasa).
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Iconic Signs Indexical Signs
Symbolic Signs
Types of Signs (Peirce in Lester, 2003)
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Iconic Signs
signs that resemble the things theyrepresent.
(Photographs, films, are iconic symbols)
Iconic Signs
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Indexical Signs
signs that has a logicalcommonsense connection to the thing or idea it
represents.
(Footprints on beaches, represents the personwhove walked through it. Smoke from a factory
represents pollution generated by the furnace or
machinery)
Indexical Signs
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The most abstract concept, where there is no logicalor representational connection between them and
the thing they represents.
Social and cultural considerations influence symbolicsigns greatly
Since symbols often have deep roots in the culture
of a particular group, they usually evoke strongeremotional response than iconic and indexical signs
Symbolic Signs
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Signifiers and Signified
Ferdinand de Saussure melalui dikotomi sistem tanda:signified dan signifier atau signifie dan significant yangbersifat tak terpisahkan. Konsep ini melihat bahwamakna muncul ketika ada hubungan yang bersifatasosiasi atau in absentia (saling ketergantungan) antara
yang ditandai (signified) dan yang menandai (signifier).
Tanda adalah kesatuan dari suatu bentuk penanda(signifier) dengan sebuah ide atau petanda (signified).Dengan kata lain, penanda adalah bunyi yang
bermakna atau coretan yang bermakna. Jadi, penandaadalah aspek material dari bahasa yaitu apa yangdikatakan atau didengar dan apa yang ditulis ataudibaca. Petanda adalah gambaran mental, pikiran, ataukonsep. Jadi, petanda adalah aspek mental dari bahasa
http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ferdinand_de_Saussure&action=edit&redlink=1http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ferdinand_de_Saussure&action=edit&redlink=1 -
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Signifiers and Signifiedcontd
Signifier Tree/Pohon
Signified
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What Signs Can Do
Expressing emotional States, Ideas The absence of signs, is also a sign
Signs are used as means of getting information and
drawing conclusions
Signs could mean anything!
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Facial Expressions as Signs
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Codes
A way of making sense of signs, as a system ofconvention that we are taught or pick up from our
culture.
In some cases, codes are created and systemized(e.g. traffic signs)
Different background (education, culture, etc) would
result a different sign codes. Hence, people wouldinterpret (decode) signs in widely varying ways.
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Metaphors and Metonymy
Metaphors, menggunakan analogi. Menyebutkansuatu konsep sama, atau sejenis dengan suatu
konsep yang benar-benar berbeda.
Metonymy, menggunakan asosiasi. Menghubungkansuatu konsep dengan konsep lainnya yang
dianggap relevan
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Metaphors
Cintaku adalah mawar merah. Cintaku seperti mawar merah.
Pada kalimat pertama, kita menggunakan sebuah
analogi bahwa cinta adalah mawar merah. Ibaratnyacinta ekivalen dengan mawar merah (metaphor)
Pada kalimat kedua, kita mengibaratkan bahwa cinta
itu mirip, seperti mawar merah (simile) cinta itu
seindah bunga mawar, cinta itu menyakitkan seperti
duri mawar
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Metonymy
Metonymy,
menggunakanasosiasi, dapat
dilihat juga
pada Sinekdot
(sebagian
mewakili
keseluruhan)
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Metaphor Metonymy
Analogy Association
Love is a Game Rolls-Royce = Wealth
Simile,
menggunakanseperti, bagai
Sinekdot (Synecdoche) Penggunaan
Sebagian untuk mewakili semua
Mukanya seperti
kodok
Pentagon melakukan penyerangan
ke Irak AS menyerang Irak
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Condensation and Displacement
Condensation Interpreting Dreams, also concepts.Process when we combine elements of various signs
together to form a new complete sign.
Displacement Where we transfer meaning fromone sign to another
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Displacement
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The Image
From previous perspective, image is a collection ofsigns. Each of the signs has meanings; in any
image there are many different levels of meaning
and interactions between meanings
Images are often mediated carried by the mass
media and are connected to information, values,
beliefs, attitudes, and ideas
We can focus on images in terms of the following
elements;
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The Image, contd
The artist, orang yang menciptakan sebuah image
The audience, orang yang menerima/melihatnya
The work of art, the image itself and might comprisea number of image
The society, in which image is found The Medium, which affects the image (in terms of
effectiveness in delivery, etc.)
The complex interaction of these five factors makesthe way images work difficult to describe. Manyfactors are involved, hence communicatingsomething clearly and unambiguous is quitechallenging.
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Conclusion
Making Images is making series of signs that would
represents various meanings with various
interpretation.
Make one that would represent a particular image
that you, as an artist desire. Consider the consequences!
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Further References in Semiotics
Saussure, Ferdinand De. 1996. Course in General
Linguistics.
Barthes, Roland. 1957. Mythologies.
Peirce, C.S.s papers on Semiotics (1931-1958)
Berger, Arthur Asa. 2005. Signs in ContemporaryCulture
Eco, Umberto. 1976. A Theory of Semiotics
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