gambaran antropometri atlet taekwondo di...

GAMBARAN A N T R O P O M E T R I A T L E T TAEKWONDO DI PALEMBANG

SKRIPSI S e b ^ a i s a l a h s a t u s y a r a t m e m p e r o l e h g e l a r

S a i j a n a K e d o k t e r a n ( S . K c d )

Oleh: SLLTHANAH ANISAH

NIM: 70 2012 036

F A K U L T A S K E D O K T E R A N UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH PALEMBANG

2016

HALAMAN PENGESAHAN

GAMBARAN ANTROPOMETRI A T L E T

TAEKWONDO DI PALEMBANG

D i p e r s i a p k a n d a n d i s u s u n o l e h :

Sulthanah Anisah

NIM: 70 2012 036

S e b a g a i s a l a h s a t u s y a r a t m e m p e r o l e h g e l a r

S a i j a n a K e d o k t e r a n ( S . K e d )

P a d a t a n g g a l 1 F e b r u a r i 2 0 1 6

Menyetujai

dr. Mitavani. M.SLMed. Pembimbing P e r t a m a

Dekan

dr. H.M. All Mnchtar, M.Sc

N B M / N I D N . 0 6 0 3 4 7 0 9 1 0 6 2 4 8 4 / 0 0 2 0 0 8 4 7 0 7

dr. RA. Tanzila, M.Kes P e m b i m b i n g K e d u a

PERNYATAAN

D e n g a n i n i S a y a m e n e r a n g k a n b a h w a :

1 . K a r y a T u l i s S a y a , s k r i p s i i n i a d a l a h a s l i d a n b e l u m p e m a h d i a j u k a n u n t u k

m e n d a p a t k a n g e l a r a k a d e m i k , b a i k d i U n i v e r s i t a s M u h a m m a d i y a h

P a l e m b a n g , m a u p u n d i P e r g u r u a n T i n g g i L a i n n y a .

2 . K a r y a T u l i s i n i m u m i g a g a s a n , r u m u s a n , d a n p e n e l i t i a n S a y a s e n d i r i , t a n p a

b a n t u a n p i h a k l a i n , k e c u a l i a r a h a n T i m P e m b i m b i n g .

3 . D a l a m K a r y a T u l i s i n i t i d a k t e r d a p a t k a r y a a t a u p e n d a p a t y a n g t e l a h d i t u l i s

a t a u d i p u b l i k a s i k a n o r a n g l a i n , k e c u a l i s e c a r a t e r t u l i s d i c a n t u m k a n s e b a g a i

a c u a n d a l a m n a s k a h d e n g a n d i s e b u t k a n n a m a p e n g a r a n g d a n d i c a n t u m k a n

d a l a m d a f t a r p u s t a k a .

4 . P e m y a t a a n i n i S a y a b u a t d e n g a n s e s u n g g u h n y a d a n a p a b i l a d i k e m u d i a n h a r i

t e r d a p a t p e n y i m p a n g a n d a n k e t i d a k b e n a r a n d a l a m p e m y a t a a n i n i , m a k a S a y a

b e r s e d i a m e n e r i m a s a n k s i a k a d e m i k a t a u s a n k s i l a i n n y a s e s u a i d e n g a n n o r m a

y a n g b e r l a k u d i P e r g u m a n T i n g g i i n i .

P a l e m b a n g , F e b r u a r i 2 0 1 6

Y a n g m e m b u a t p e m y a t a a n

( S u l t h a n a h A n i s a h )

7 0 2 0 1 2 0 3 6

i i

M O T T O D A N PERSEMBAHAN

"Allah akan meninggikan orangorangyang beriman di antaramu dan orang-orangyang diberi ilmu pengetahuan beberapa derffat" (Q.s. al-

Mujadalab: 11)

Dengan Izin-Mu ya Allah Kupersembahkan karya sederhana ini dengan penuh rasa cinta dan ketulusan kepada:

V Allah SWT yang selalu memberikan limpahan berkah, rahmat, karunla, rizkl yang berlimpah dan kesehatan serta keselamatan;

V Kedua orang tuaku tercinta Bapak Syachruddin M.Noor dan Ibu Nirwana terima kasih atas segala dukungan, doa dan kasih sayang yang telah kalian berikan selama ini;

V Dosen pembimbing dr. Mitayani, M.Si. Med. dan dr. RA. Tanzila, M.Kes serta dosen penguji Dr. dr. Legiran, M.Kes terima kasih atas bimbingan dan kesabarannya dalam membimbing sehingga karya ini dapat terwujud;

V Kakakku Guntur Ramadhani serta Adikku M.Dzaky yang selalu memberikan semangat dan meringankan setiap langkahku;

V Sahabatku Novita Intan Adiningsih, Bella Monica Futri, Gusti Nilasari, dan Rani Julianti terima kasih untuk semua dukungan semangat dan cinta kalian selama ini.

V Semua teman sejawat angkatan 2012 semoga kita selalu diberikan kemudahan oleh Allah SWT dalam setiap langkah mewujudkan mimpi kita menjadi dokter yang baik dan islami.

i i i

UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH PALEMBANG F A K U L T A S K E D O K T E R A N

SKRIPSI , JANUARI 2016 SULTHANAH ANISAH

GAMBARAN ANTROPOMETRI A T L E T TAEKWONDO DI PALEMBANG

xi + 50 Halaman + 10 Tabel + 4 Gambar

ABSTRAK

A n t r o p o m e t r i a d a l a h i l m u p e n g e t a h u a n y a n g b e r k e n a a n d e n g a n p e n g u k u r a n u k u r a n , b e r a t , d a n p r o p o r s i b a d a n m a n u s i a . P r o p o s i b a d a n d a p a t d i u k u r d e n g a n b e r a t b a d a n , u k u r a n l i n g k a r l e n g a n a t a s , d a n i n d e k s m a s s a t u b u h ( I M T ) . H a l i n i p e n t i n g u n t u k m e l i h a t p e r u b a h a n p r o p o r s i t u b u h y a n g d i s e b a b k a n o l e h m a s s a I e m a k d a n m a s s a o t o t . T u j u a n p e n e l i t i a n i n i a d a l a h u n t u k m e n g e t a h u i u k u r a n i n d e k s m a s s a t u b u h , b e r a t b a d a n , d a n l i n g k a r l e n g a n a t a s ( L I L A ) a t l e t t a e k w o n d o d i P a l e m b a n g . P e n e l i t i a n i n i a d a l a h s t u d i d e s k r i p t i f p a d a s e l u r u h a t l e t t a e k w o n d o P a l e m b a n g . D a t a d i a m b i l d e n g a n p e n g u k u r a n l a n g s u n g p a d a 3 6 a t l e t t a e k w o n d o d i K O N I P a l e m b a n g . D a r i h a s i l p e n e l i t i a n d i d a p a t k a n s e b a n y a k 3 0 a t l e t ( 8 3 , 3 % ) m e m i l i k i I M T n o r m a l , 1 a t l e t ( 2 , 8 % ) m e m i l i k i I M T k u r a n g , d a n 5 a t l e t ( 1 3 , 9 % ) m e m i l i k i I M T l e b i h . S e b a n y a k 2 9 o r a n g ( 8 0 , 6 % ) m e m i l i k i L I L A n o r m a l , 1 o r a n g ( 2 , 8 % ) m e m i l i k i L I L A k u r a n g d a n 6 o r a n g ( 1 6 , 7 % ) m e m i l i k i L I L A l e b i h . N i l a i r a t a - r a t a b e r a t b a d a n a t l e t p r i a t a e k w o n d o P a l e m b a n g 5 2 , 3 ± 1 2 , 7 5 d a n a t l e t p e r e m p u a n 5 8 , 2 ± 1 4 , 4 . A t l e t t a e k w o n d o P a l e m b a n g s e b a g i a n b e s a r m e m i l i k i I M T d a n L I L A n o r m a l . T e r d a p a t 3 0 d a r i 3 6 a t l e t y a n g d i t e l i t i m e m e n u h i k r i t e r i a p e r t a n d i n g a n t a e k w o n d o n a s i o n a l .

Kata kunci: a n t r o p o m e t r i , i n d e k s m a s s a t u b u h , l i n g k a r l e n g a n a t a s , a t l e t t a e k w o n d o

i v

MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY O F PALEMBANG F A C U L T Y OF MEDICINE

SKRIPSI , JANUARY 2016 SULTHANAH ANISAH

D E S C R I B E T H E ANTHROPOMETRIC MEASUREMENT OF TAEKWONDO A T H L E T E S IN PALEMBANG

xi + 50 Page + 10 Table + 4 Picture

ABSTRACT

A n t h r o p o m e t r y i s t h e s c i e n c e d e f i n e s p h y s i c a l m e a s u r e s o f a p e r s o n ' s s i z e a n d p r o p o r t i o n s . T h e b o d y p r o p o r t i o n c a n b e m e a s u r e d b y w e i g h t , a r m c i r c u m f e r e n c e , a n d b o d y m a s s i n d e x ( B M l ) . I t i s i m p o r t a n t t o s e e o f t h e b o d y p r o p o r t i o n c h a n g e s t h a t c a u s e d b y t h e f a t m a s s a n d m u s c l e m a s s . T h e p u r p o s e o f t h i s s t u d y i s t o d e t e r m i n e t h e b o d y m a s s i n d e x , w e i g h t , a n d u p p e r a r m c i r c u m f e r e n c e ( U A C ) o f t a e k w o n d o a t h l e t e s i n P a l e m b a n g . T h i s r e s e a r c h w a s a d e s c r i p t i v e s t u d y o f a l l t a e k w o n d o a t h l e t e s i n P a l e m b a n g . T h e d a t a w e r e t a k e n w i t h a d i r e c t m e a s u r e m e n t o f t h e 3 6 t a e k w o n d o a t h l e t e s i n K O N I P a l e m b a n g . F r o m t h e r e s u l t s , t h e r e w e r e 3 0 a t h l e t e s ( 8 3 , 3 % ) w i t h n o r m a l B M I , 1 u n d e r w e i g h t a t h l e t e ( 2 , 8 % ) , a n d 6 o b e s e a t h l e t e s ( 1 6 , 7 % ) . T h e r e w e r e 2 9 a t h l e t e s ( 8 0 , 6 % ) w i t h n o r m a l U A C , 1 a t h l e t e ( 2 , 8 % ) w i t h l e s s e r U A C , a n d 6 a t h l e t e s ( 1 6 , 7 % ) w i t h b i g g e r U A C . T h e m e a n w e i g h t o f m a l e t a e k w o n d o a t h l e t e s w a s 5 2 , 3 ± 1 2 , 7 5 a n d f o r f e m a l e t a e k w o n d o a t h l e t e s w a s 5 8 , 2 ± 1 4 , 4 . T h e a v e r a g e t a e k w o n d o a t h l e t e s i n P a l e m b a n g h a v e a n o r m a l B M l a n d n o r m a l U A C . T h e r e a r e 3 0 o f 3 6 t a e k w o n d o a t h l e t e s h a v e c r i t e r i a i n N a t i o n a l T a e k w o n d o m a t c h .

Keywords: a n t h r o p o m e t r y , b o d y m a s s i n d e x , u p p e r a r m c i r c u m f e r e n c e , t a e k w o n d o a t h l e t e s

V

KATA PENGANTAR

F u j i s y u k u r k e h a d i r a t A l l a h S W T a t a s s e g a l a r a h m a t d a n k a r u n i a - N y a

s e h i n g g a p e n u l i s d a p a t m e n y e l e s a i k a n s k r i p s i b e r j u d u l " Gambaran

Antropometri Atlet Taekwondo Di Palembang " s e b a g a i s a l a h s a t u s y a r a t

m e m p e r o l e h g e l a r s a i j a n a k e d o k t e r a n ( S . K e d ) . S a l a w a t b e r i r i n g s a l a m s e l a l u

t e r c u r a h k a n k e p a d a j u n j u n g a n k i t a , n a b i b e s a r M u h a m m a d S A W b e s e r t a p a r a

k e l u a r g a , s a h a b a t , d a n p e n g i k u t n y a s a m p a i a k h i r z a m a n .

D a l a m m e n y e l e s a i k a n s k r i p s i i n i , p e n u l i s b a n y a k m e n d a p a t b a n t u a n ,

b i m b i n g a n , d a n s a r a n . P a d a k e s e m p a t a n i n i , p e n u l i s i n g i n m e n y a m p a i k a n r a s a

h o r m a t d a n t e r i m a k a s i h k e p a d a :

1 . d r . H . M . A l i M u c h t a r , M . S c s e l a k u d e k a n F a k u l t a s K e d o k t e r a n U n i v e r s i t a s

M u h a m m a d i y a h P a l e m b a n g

2 . d r . M i t a y a n i , M . S i . M e d . s e l a k u p e m b i m b i n g p e r t a m a .

3 . d r . R A . T a n z i l a , M . K e s s e l a k u p e m b i m b i n g k e d u a .

4 . D r . d r . L e g i r a n , M . K e s s e l a k u p e n g u j i .

5 . S e l u r u h s t a f f d o s e n d a n a k a d e m i k F a k u l t a s K e d o k t e r a n U n i v e r s i t a s

M u h a m m a d i y a h P a l e m b a n g .

P e n u l i s m e n y a d a r i b a h w a d a l a m p e n y u s u n a n s k r i p s i i n i m a s i h b a n y a k

k e k u r a n g a n d a n k e t e r b a t a s a n y a n g d i m i l i k i p e n u l i s , w a l a u p u n t e l a h d i k e r a h k a n

s e g a l a k e m a m p u a n u n t u k l e b i h t e l i t i . O l e h k a r e n a i t u , p e n u l i s m e n g h a r a p k a n s a r a n

y a n g m e m b a n g u n a g a r t u l i s a n i n i d a p a t l e b i h b e r m a n f a a t .

P a l e m b a n g , F e b r u a r i 2 0 1 6

S u l t h a n a h A n i s a h

v i

DAFTAR ISI

HALAMAN JUDUL

HALAMAN PENGESAHAN i

HALAMAN PERNYATAAN ii

HALAMAN PERSEMBAHAN DAN MOTTO i i i

ABSTRAK i v

A B S T R A C T v

KATA PENGANTAR v i

DAFTAR ISI v i i

DAFTAR T A B E L i x

DAFTAR GAMBAR x

DAFTAR LAMPIRAN x i

BAB 1. PENDAHULUAN

1.1 L a t a r B e l a k a n g 1

1.2 R u m u s a n M a s a l a h 2

1.3 T u j u a n P e n e l i t i a n 2

1.4 M a n f a a t P e n e l i t i a n 2

1.5 K e a s l i a n P e n e l i t i a n 3

BAB I I . TINJAUAN PUSTAKA

2 . 1 L a n d a s a n T e o r i 4

2 . 1 . 1 A n a t o m i d a n F i s i o l o g i O t o t 4

2 . 1 . 2 K o n t r a k s i O t o t 7

2 . 1 . 3 A n t r o p o m e t r i 9

2 . 1 . 4 K o m p o s i s i T u b u h 1 0

2 . 1 . 5 T a e k w o n d o 1 1

2 . 2 K e r a n g k a T e o r i 1 6

v i i

BAB I I I . M E T O D E PENELITIAN

3 . 1 J e n i s P e n e l i t i a n 1 7

3 . 2 W a k t u d a n T e m p a t P e n e l i t i a n 1 7

3 . 2 . 1 W a k t u P e n e l i t i a n 1 7

3 . 2 . 2 T e m p a t P e n e l i t i a n 1 7

3 . 3 P o p u l a s i d a n S a m p e l P e n e l i t i a n 1 7

3 . 3 . 1 P o p u l a s i T a r g e t 1 7

3 . 3 . 1 P o p u l a s i T e r j a n g k a u 1 7

3 . 3 . 2 S a m p e l d a n B e s a r S a m p e l 1 7

3 . 3 . 3 K r i t e r i a I n k l u s i d a n E k s k l u s i 1 7

3 . 4 D e f i n i s i O p e r a s i o n a l 1 8

3 . 5 C a r a P e n g u m p u l a n D a t a 1 9

3 . 6 C a r a P e n g o l a h a n d a n A n a l i s i s D a t a 19

3 . 7 A l u r P e n e l i t i a n 2 1

BAB IV. HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN

4 . 1 H a s i l 2 2

4 . 2 P e m b a h a s a n 2 6

4 . 3 K e t e r b a t a s a n P e n e l i t i a n 3 1

BAB V. KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN

5 . 1 K e s i m p u t a n 3 2

5 . 2 S a r a n 3 2

DAFTAR PUSTAKA 3 3

LAMPIRAN 3 6

BIODATA RINGKAS 5 0

v i i i

DAFTAR T A B E L

T a b e l 1.5 K e a s l i a n P e n e l i t i a n 3

T a b e l 2 . 1 K a t e g o r i I n d e k s M a s s a T u b u h 9

T a b e l 4 . 1 D i s t r i b u s i S u b j e k P e n e l i t i a n B e r d a s a r k a n J e n i s K e l a m i n 2 2

T a b e l 4 . 2 D i s t r i b u s i S u b j e k P e n e l i t i a n B e r d a s a r k a n U s i a 2 3

T a b e l 4 . 3 D i s t r i b u s i S u b j e k P e n e l i t i a n B e r d a s a r k a n B e r a t B a d a n 2 3

T a b e l 4 . 4 D i s t r i b u s i S u b j e k P e n e l i t i a n B e r d a s a r k a n I M T 2 4

T a b e l 4 . 5 . 1 D i s t r i b u s i S u b j e k P e n e l i t i a n B e r d a s a r k a n L I L A 2 5

T a b e l 4 . 5 . 2 N i l a i r a t a - r a t a l i l a m e n u r u t u s i a d a n j e n i s k e l a m i n 26

T a b e l 4 . 6 . 1 K r i t e r i a P e r t a n d i n g a n T a e k w o n d o N a s i o n a l 1 4 - 1 7 t h 27

T a b e l 4 . 6 . 2 K r i t e r i a P e r t a n d i n g a n T a e k w o n d o N a s i o n a l > 1 7 t h 2 8

i x

DAFTAR GAMBAR

G a m b a r 2 . 1 P e m b e s a r a n P o t o n g a n M e l i n t a n g O t o t 6

G a m b a r 2 . 2 S t r u k t u r M i o s i n 7

G a m b a r 2 . 3 D u a R a n t a i M o i e k u l A k t i n 8

G a m b a r 2 . 4 K e r a n g k a T e o r i 1 6

X

DAFTAR LAMPIRAN

L a m p i r a n 1 D a t a A t l e t 3 6

L a m p i r a n 2 D o k u m e n t a s i P e n e l i t i a n 4 1

L a m p i r a n 3 L e m b a r o b s e r v a s i o n a l 4 5

L a m p i r a n 4 I n f o r m C o n s e n t 4 6

x i

BAB I

PENDAHULUAN

1.1 Latar Belakang

A n t r o p o m e t r i a d a l a h s u a t u t e k n i k p e n g u k u r a n p a d a t u b u h a t a u b a d a n

m a n u s i a . A n t r o p o m e t r i b e r a s a l d a r i k a t a antro y a n g b e r a r t i m a n u s i a d a n metri

y a n g b e r a r t i p e n g u k u r a n . D a r i d u a k a t a t e r s e b u t , s e c a r a h a r f i a h a n t r o p o m e t r i

m e n g a n d u n g m a k n a s u a t u p e n g u k u r a n t u b u h a t a u b a d a n m a n u s i a .

A n t r o p o m e t r i s a n g a t l u a s p e n e r a p a n n y a d i a n t a r a n y a u n t u k m e n i l a i

p e r k e m b a n g a n n o r m a l a n a k , k e b u g a r a n fisik s e s e o r a n g , d a n t e b a l l a p i s a n

I e m a k b a d a n ( I n d r i a t i , 2 0 1 0 ) .

A n t r o p o m e t r i a d a l a h i l m u p e n g e t a h u a n y a n g b e r k e n a a n d e n g a n

p e n g u k u r a n u k u r a n , b e r a t , d a n p r o p o r s i b a d a n m a n u s i a ( D o r l a n d , 2 0 1 2 ) .

P r o p o s i b a d a n a t l e t t a e k w o n d o d a p a t d i u k u r d e n g a n b e r a t b a d a n , k e t e b a l a n

l i p a t a n k u l i t , u k u r a n l i n g k a r , d a n i n d e k s m a s s a t u b u h ( S h e n , 2 0 0 5 ) . P r o p o s i

b a d a n t e r s e b u t d a p a t b e r u b a h s e i r i n g a d a n y a l a t i h a n b e b a n y a n g i n t e n s i f

s e h i n g g a d a p a t m e n i n g k a t k a n u k u r a n o t o t d u a a t a u t i g a k a l i l i p a t ( S h e r w o o d ,

2 0 1 1 ) .

D a l a m s u a t u p e n e l i t i a n d i K o r e a S e l a t a n , W o n S e o ( 2 0 1 5 ) m e n g a m a t i

p a r a a t l e t T a e k w o n d o y a n g m e l a k u k a n p e l a t i h a n r u t i n s e l a m a s a t u t a h u n .

H a s i l n y a p a r a a t l e t m e n g a l a m i p e n u r u n a n b e r a t b a d a n d a n t e r j a d i p e n i n g k a t a n

k e k u a t a n s e r t a u k u r a n o t o t .

P a d a p e n e l i t i a n S a d o w s k i ( 2 0 1 2 ) r a t a - r a t a l i n g k a r l e n g a n a t a s a t l e t

t a e k w o n d o p r i a d i P o l a n d y a i t u 2 5 , 9 c m . M e n u r u t C u l a r ( 2 0 1 3 ) r a t a - r a t a

l i n g k a r l e n g a n a t a s a t l e t t a e k w o n d o p r i a C r o a t i a y a i t u 2 5 , 6 0 c m . S e d a n g k a n

u n t u k r a t a - r a t a l i n g k a r l e n g a n a t a s a t l e t t a e k w o n d o w a n i t a C r o a t i a y a i t u 2 3 , 8 4

c m .

M e n u r u t G h o r b a n z a d e h ( 2 0 1 1 ) r a t a - r a t a b e r a t b a d a n p r i a a t l e t

t a e k w o n d o d i T u r k e y y a i t u 7 1 , 1 2 k g . M e n u r u t S a d o w s k i ( 2 0 1 2 ) r a t a - r a t a

b e r a t b a d a n a t l e t t a e k w o n d o p r i a d i P o l a n d i a y a i t u 6 7 k g . M e n u r u t H e l l e r

( 2 0 1 5 ) r a t a - r a t a b e r a t b a d a n a t l e t t a e k w o n d o p r i a d i P r a h a y a i t u 6 9 , 9 k g .

1

2

M e n u r u t G h o r b a n z a d e h ( 2 0 1 1 ) r a t a - r a t a b e r a t b a d a n w a n i t a a t l e t t a e k w o n d o

d i T u r k e y y a i t u 6 0 , 3 1 k g . M e n u r u t H e l l e r ( 2 0 1 5 ) r a t a - r a t a b e r a t b a d a n a t l e t

t a e k w o n d o w a n i t a d i P r a h a y a i t u 6 2 , 3 k g .

M e l i h a t a d a n y a b e r a g a m u k u r a n a n t r o p o m e t r i a t l e t t a e k w o n d o d i

b e r b a g a i n e g a r a d a n a d a n y a k e t e r k a i t a n a n t a r a a n t r o p o m e t r i t u b u h a t l e t

d e n g a n p e r f o r m a , m a k a p e n e l i t i i n g i n m e l a k u k a n p e n e l i t i a n t e n t a n g g a m b a r a n

a n t r o p o m e t r i a t l e t t a e k w o n d o d i P a l e m b a n g .

1.2 Rumusan Masalah

B a g a i m a n a g a m b a r a n a n t r o p o m e t r i a t l e t t a e k w o n d o d i P a l e m b a n g ?

1.3 Tujuan

1. Tujuan Umum

M e n g e t a h u i g a m b a r a n a n t r o p o m e t r i a t l e t t a e k w o n d o d i P a l e m b a n g .

2. Tujuan Khusus

a. M e n g e t a h u i u k u r a n b e r a t b a d a n , i n d e k s m a s s a t u b u h , d a n l i n g k a r

l e n g a n a t a s a t l e t t a e k w o n d o d i P a l e m b a n g .

b . M e n g e t a h u i a t l e t t a e k w o n d o P a l e m b a n g a n t r o p o m e t r i n y a s e s u a i d e n g a n

k r i t e r i a p e r t a n d i n g a n n a s i o n a l t a e k w o n d o I n d o n e s i a .

1.4 Manfaat

1 . B a g i A t l e t

P e n e l i t i a n i n i d i l a k u k a n u n t u k m e n a m b a h w a w a s a n a t l e t t a e k w o n d o

m e n g e n a i m a n f a a t a n t r o p o m e t r i b a g i p e r f o r m a n y a .

2 . B a g i A k a d e m i k

H a s i l p e n e l i t i a n i n i d i h a r a p k a n d a p a t m e n a m b a h r e f e r e n s i d i F a k u l t a s

K e d o k t e r a n U n i v e r s i t a s M u h a m m a d i y a h P a l e m b a n g t e n t a n g a n t r o p o m e t r i .

3 . B a g i P e n e l i t i

H a s i l p e n e l i t i a n i n i d a p a t m e n a m b a h w a w a s a n p e n e l i t i t e n t a n g g a m b a r a n

a n t r o p o m e t r i a t l e t t a e k w o n d o d i P a l e m b a n g .

3

1.5 Keaslian Penelitian

T a b e l l . I K e a s l i a n P e n e l i t i a n

J u d u l P e n e l i t i T a h u n ,

t e m p a t

H a s i l

A Follow-up Study on B a e K i m

the Physique, Body

Composition,

Physical Fitness, and

Isokinetic Strength of

Female Collegiate

Taekwondo Athletes.

2 0 1 5 , K o r e a P r e s e n t a s e I e m a k t u b u h r a t a - r a t a

S e l a t a n p a d a a t l e t t a e k w o n d o

m e n u n j u k k a n p e n i n g k a t a n

s i g n i f i k a n s e c a r a s t a t i s t i k ,

d i s e r t a i p e n i n g k a t a n k e l i n c a h a n

t a n g a n d a n k e l e n t u r a n .

Physiological Profiles H e l l e r

of Male and Female

Taekwondo (ITF)

Black belts

2 0 1 5 , P r a h a A t l e t t a e k w o n d o p r i a d a n w a n i t a

s a b u k h i t a m m e m i l i k i p e r s e n t a s e

I e m a k t u b u h r e n d a h d a n

p e n i n g k a t a n m a s s a o t o t .

Somatotype of Young C u U a r

Taekwondo

Competitors

2 0 1 3 , C r o a t i a A t l e t t a e k w o n d o C r o a t i a p r i a

l e b i h b a n y a k m e m i l i k i b e n t u k

t u b u h m e s o m o r p h ( m a s s a o t o t

l e b i h ) d a r i p a d a a t l e t w a n i t a .

BAB I I

TINJAUAN PUSTAKA

2.1 Landasan Teori

2.1.1 Anatomi dan Fisiologi Otot

O t o t m e r u p a k a n o r g a n t u b u h y a n g m e m p u n y a i k e m a m p u a n m e n g u b a h

e n e r g i k i m i a m e n j a d i e n e r g i m e k a n i k / g e r a k s e h i n g g a d a p a t b e r k o n t r a k s i

u n t u k m e n g g e r a k a n r a n g k a . O t o t r a n g k a m e n g g e r a k k a n t u l a n g - t u l a n g p a d a

s e n d i n y a d a n m e m p u n y a i t i t i k o r i g o y a n g t e t a p d a n t i t i k i n s e r t i o y a n g

fleksibel. O t o t r a n g k a d i b u n g k u s o l e h s a t u f a s c i a ( P a u l s e n , 2 0 1 2 ) .

O t o t r a n g k a b e k e r j a s e c a r a v o l u n t e r ( s e c a r a s a d a r a t a s p e r i n t a h d a r i

o t a k ) , b e r g a r i s m e l i n t a n g , b e r c o r a k , d a n b e r i n t i b a n y a k d i b a g i a n p e r i f e r .

S e c a r a a n a t o m i s , o t o t r a n g k a t e r d i r i a t a s j a r i n g a n k o n e k t i f d a n s e l k o n t r a k t i l

( H e l m i , 2 0 1 2 ) .

S e c a r a m a k r o s k o p i s s e t i a p o t o t d i l a p i s i j a r i n g a n k o n e k t i f y a n g d i s e b u t

e p i m i s i u m . O t o t r a n g k a d i s u s u n o l e h f a s i k e l y a n g m e r u p a k a n b e r k a s o t o t

y a n g t e r d i r i a t a s b e b e r a p a s e l o t o t . S e t i a p f a s i k e l d i l a p i s i j a r i n g a n k o n e k t i f

y a n g d i s e b u t p e r i m i s i u m d a n s e t i a p s e l o t o t d i p i s a h k a n o l e h e n d o m i s i u m

( H e l m i , 2 0 1 2 ) .

S e c a r a m i k r o s k o p i s s e l o t o t r a n g k a t e r d i r i a t a s s a r k o l e m a ( m e m b r a n s e l

s e r a b u t o t o t ) , y a n g t e r d i r i a t a s m e m b r a n s e l y a n g d i s e b u t m e m b r a n p l a s m a

d a n s e b u a h l a p i s a n l u a r y a n g t e r d i r i a t a s s a t u l a p i s a n t i p i s m e n g a n d u n g

k o l a g e n ( H e l m i , 2 0 1 2 ) .

T e n d o n m e r u p a k a n s u a t u b e r k a s (bundle) s e r a t k o l a g e n y a n g

m e l e k a t k a n o t o t k e t u l a n g . T e n d o n m e n y a l u r k a n g a y a y a n g d i h a s i l k a n o l e h

k o n t r a k s i o t o t k e t u l a n g . S e r a t k o l a g e n d i a n g g a p s e b a g a i j a r i n g a n i k a t d a n

d i h a s i l k a n o l e h s e l - s e l f i b r o b l a s . L i g a m e n a d a l a h t a u t f i b r o s a k u a t y a n g

m e n g h u b u n g k a n t u l a n g k e t u l a n g , b i a s a n y a d i s e n d i . L i g a m e n

m e m u n g k i n k a n d a n m e m b a t a s i g e r a k a n s e n d i . T e n d o n d a n l i g a m e n t i d a k

m e m i l i k i k e m a m p u a n u n t u k b e r k o n t r a k s i s e p e r t i j a r i n g a n o t o t , t e t a p i d a p a t

m e m a n j a n g . K e d u a j a r i n g a n i n i b e r s i f a t e l a s t i s d a n a k a n k e m b a l i k e p o s i s i

4

5

p a n j a n g a w a l n y a s e t e l a h d i r e n g g a n g k a n , k e c u a l i b i l a d i r e n g g a n g k a n

m e l a m p a u i b a t a s e l a s t i s i t a s n y a ( H e l m i , 2 0 1 2 ) .

S a t u s e l o t o t r a n g k a , y a n g d i k e n a l s e b a g a i s e r a t o t o t , a d a l a h r e l a t i f

b e s a r , m e m a n j a n g , d a n b e r b e n t u k s i l i n d r i s , d e n g a n u k u r a n g a r i s t e n g a h

b e r k i s a r d a r i 1 0 h i n g g a 1 0 0 m i k r o m e t e r d a n p a n j a n g h i n g g a 7 5 0 . 0 0 0 p m ,

a t a u 2 , 5 k a k i ( 7 5 c m ) , ( 1 p m = s e p e r s e j u t a m e t e r ) . O t o t r a n g k a t e r d i r i d a r i

s e j u m l a h s e r a t y a n g t e r l e t a k s e j a j a r s a t u s a m a l a i n d a n d i s a t u k a n o l e h

j a r i n g a n i k a t . S e r a t - s e r a l b i a s a n y a t e r b e n t u k d i k e s e l u r u h a n p a n j a n g o t o t .

S e l a m a p e r k e m b a n g a n m a s a m u d i g a h , t e r b e n t u k s e r a l - s e r a t o t o t r a n g k a

b e s a r m e l a l u i f u s i s e l - s e l y a n g l e b i h k e c i l y a n g d i n a m a i m i o b l a s {mio

a r t i n y a " o t o t " ; bias a r t i n y a " p e m b e n t u k a n " ) . F i t u r l a i n a d a l a h b a n y a k n y a

m i t o k o n d r i a , o r g a n e l p e n g h a s i l e n e r g i , s e p e r t i d i h a r a p k a n p a d a j a r i n g a n

s e a k t i f o t o t r a n g k a d e n g a n k e b u t u h a n e n e r g i y a n g t i n g g i ( S h e r w o o d , 2 0 1 1 ) .

G a m b a r a n s t r u k t u r a l u t a m a p a d a s e b u a h s e r a t o t o t r a n g k a a d a l a h

b a n y a k n y a m i o f i b r i l . E l e m e n k o n t r a k t i l k h u s u s i n i , y a n g m e m b e n t u k 8 0 %

v o l u m e s e r a t o t o t , a d a l a h s t r u k t u r a l s i l i n d r i s i n t r a s e l d e n g a n g a r i s t e n g a h 1

p m d a n t e r b e n t a n g d i s e l u r u h p a n j a n g s e r a t o t o t . S e t i a p m i o f i b r i l t e r d i r i d a r i

s u s u n a n t e r a t u r e l e m e n - e l e m e n s i t o s k l e t o n filamen t i p i s d a n t e b a l y a n g

t e r t a t a r a p i . F i l a m e n t e b a l , y a n g b e r g a r i s t e n g a h 1 2 s a m p a i 1 8 n m d a n

p a n j a n g 1,6 p m , t e r d i r i d a r i p r o t e i n m i o s i n ; s e m e n t a r a f i l a m e n t i p i s , y a n g

b e r g a r i s t e n g a h 5 s a m p a i 8 n m d a n p a n j a n g 1,0 p m , t e r u t a m a d i b e n t u k o l e h

p r o t e i n a k t i n ( S h e r w o o d , 2 0 1 1 ) .

6

Gambar 2.1 (a) Pembesaran potongan melintang otot utuh. (b) Pembesaran sebuah

miofibril di dalam serat otot. (c) Komponen sitoskeleton sebuah miofibril.

Sumber: Sherwood, 2011

D i l i h a t d a r i m i k r o s k o p e l e k t r o n , s e b u a h m i o f i b r i l m e m p e r l i h a t k a n p i t a

g e l a p ( p i t a A ) d a n p i t a t e r a n g ( p i t a 1) b e r g a n t i a n . P i t a A d i b e n t u k o l e h

t u m p u k a n filamen t e b a l b e r s a m a d e n g a n s e b a g i a n filamen t i p i s y a n g

t u m p a n g t i n d i h d i k e d u a u j u n g filamen t e b a l . D a e r a h y a n g l e b i h t e r a n g d i

t e n g a h p i t a A , t e m p a t y a n g t i d a k d i c a p a i o l e h filamen t i p i s , a d a l a h z o n a H .

P i t a I t e r d i r i d a r i b a g i a n filamen t i p i s s i s a n y a y a n g t i d a k m e n j u l u r k e d a l a m

p i t a A . D i b a g i a n t e n g a h s e t i a p p i t a I t e r l i h a t s u a t u g a r i s v e r t i k a ! p a d a t g a r i s

Z . D a e r a h a n t a r a d u a g a r i s Z d i s e b u t s a r k o m e r , y a i t u u n i t f u n g s i o n a l o t o t

r a n g k a y a n g d a p a t b e r k o n t r a k s i . G a r i s Z a d a l a h l e m p e n g s i t o s k e l e t o n

7

g e p e n g y a n g m e n g h u b u n g k a n filamen t i p i s d u a s a r k o m e r y a n g b e r d e k a t a n

( S h e r w o o d , 2 0 1 1 ) .

2.1.2 Kontraksi Otot

F i l a m e n t e b a l p a d a p i t a A d a n filamen t i p i s p a d a p i t a I b e r p e r a n b e s a r

d a l a m p r o s e s k o n t r a k s i o t o t . S e t i a p filamen t e b a l m e m i l i k i b e b e r a p a r a t u s

m o l e k u l m i o s i n y a n g d i k e m a s d a l a m s u s u n a n s p e s i f i k . D i d a l a m m i o s i n

t e r d a p a t d u a t e m p a t p e n t i n g y a n g k r u s i a l b a g i p r o s e s k o n t r a k s i : ( 1 ) s u a t u

t e m p a t u n t u k m e n g i k a t a k t i n d a n ( 2 ) s u a t u t e m p a t m i o s i n A T P a s e y a n g

b e r f u n g s i s e b a g a i p e n g u r a i A T P ( S h e r w o o d , 2 0 1 1 ) .

F i l a m e n t i p i s t e r d i r i d a r i t i g a p r o t e i n : a k t i n , t r o p o m i o s i n , d a n t r o p o n i n .

P r o t e i n s t r u k t u r a l u t a m a filamen t i p i s a d a m o l e k u l a k t i n . S e t i a p m o l e k u l

a k t i n m e m i l i k i s u a t u t e m p a t p e n g i k a t a n k h u s u s u n t u k m e l e k a t n y a j e m b a t a n

s i l a n g m i o s i n . P e n g i k a t a n m o l e k u l m i o s i n d a n a k t i n d i j e m b a t a n s i l a n g

m e n y e b a b k a n k o n t r a k s i s e r a t o t o t y a n g m e m e r l u k a n e n e r g i . K a r e n a i t u ,

m i o s i n d a n a k t i n s e r i n g d i s e b u t p r o t e i n k o n t r a k t i l . M i o s i n d a n a k t i n t i d a k

k h a s u n t u k s e l o t o t t e t a p i k e d u a p r o t e i n i n i l e b i h b a n y a k d a n l e b i h t e r a t u r d i

s e l o t o t . T r o p o m i o s i n d a n t r o p o n i n b e r s i f a t m e n g h a l a n g i k o n t r a k s i o t o t

d e n g a n c a r a m e n g h a l a n g i i n t e r a k s i a k t i n d a n m i o s i n ( S h e r w o o d , 2 0 1 1 ) .

(•> MoMuri fntoMn

Gambar 2.2 Struktur miositi dan organisasinya dalam filamen tebal

Sumber: Sherwood, 20II

8

m p a l u n t u k i t o n o a n s B n

M o M u i l a k l t n , e n . l > . t « r , . M o o " W o W f l .

T r o p o m t o a m T T O p a n l n

Gambar 2.3 Dua rantai molekul aktin yang saling berpilin

Sumber: Sherwood, 2011

U k u r a n s e b e n a m y a o t o t d a p a t d i t i n g k a t k a n d e n g a n l a t i h a n - l a t i h a n

r e s i s t e n s i a n a e r o b b e r i n t e n s i t a s t i n g g i d a n b e r d u r a s i s i n g k a t , m i s a l n y a

a n g k a t b e b a n . P e m b e s a r a n o t o t y a n g t e r j a d i t e r u t a m a d i s e b a b k a n o l e h

m e n i n g k a t n y a g a r i s t e n g a h ( h i p e r t r o f i ) s e r a t - s e r a t g l i k o l i t i k c e p a t y a n g

d i a k t i f k a n s e l a m a k o n t r a k s i - k o n t r a k s i k u a t t e r s e b u t . S e b a g i a n b e s a r

p e n e b a l a n s e r a t d i s e b a b k a n o l e h m e n i n g k a t n y a s i n t e s i s f i l a m e n a k t i n d a n

m i o s i n , y a n g m e m u n g k i n k a n p e n i n g k a t a n k e s e m p a t a n i n t e r a k s i j e m b a t a n

s i l a n g d a n , s e l a n j u t n y a t e r j a d i , p e n i n g k a t a n k e k u a t a n k o n t r a k t i l o t o t

( S h e r w o o d , 2 0 1 1 ) .

S t r e s m e k a n i s y a n g d i t i m b u l k a n l a t i h a n r e s i s t e n s i p a d a s e r a t - s e r a t o t o t

m e m i c u p r o t e i n - p r o t e i n p e n y a l u r s i n y a l , y a n g m e n g a k t i f k a n g e n - g e n y a n g

m e n g a r a h k a n s i n t e n s i s l e b i h k o n t r a k t i l i n i b a n y a k p r o t e i n . L a t i h a n b e b a n

y a n g i n t e n s i f d a p a t m e n i n g k a t k a n u k u r a n o t o t d u a a t a u t i g a k a l i l i p a t . O t o t -

o t o t y a n g m e n o n j o l b e r a d a p t a s i b a i k u n t u k a k t i v i t a s y a n g m e m e r l u k a n

k e k u a t a n i n t e n s u n t u k w a k t u s i n g k a t , t e t a p i d a y a t a h a n t i d a k b e r u b a h

( S h e r w o o d , 2 0 1 1 ) .

P a d a s e o r a n g d e w a s a m u d a y a n g d i l a t i h b e r j a m - j a m s e c a r a r u t i n m a s s a

o t o t n y a m e n g a l a m i p e n i n g k a t a n , y a n g d i s e b u t h i p e r t r o f i o t o t ( G u y t o n ,

2 0 1 2 ) .

10

d i s e b a b k a n o l e h p o l a h i d u p p e n d u d u k w a n i t a y a n g t e r k a i t p o l a k o n s u m s i

I e m a k d a n a k t i v i t a s f i s i k y a n g b e r k a i t a n d e n g a n l i n g k a r l e n g a n a t a s , d i u k u r

d e n g a n j u m l a h I e m a k b a w a h k u l i t ( A r i y a n i , 2 0 1 2 ) .

U k u r a n l i n g k a r l e n g a n a l a s y a n g l e b i h b e s a r m e m p u n y a i i n d e k s m a s s a

t u b u h y a n g b e s a r p u l a . H a l i n i b e r k a i t a n d e n g a n k o m p o s i s i p a d a l i n g k a r

l e n g a n a t a s y a n g t e r d i r i d a r i t u l a n g , o t o t , d a n I e m a k . W a n i t a d e n g a n u k u r a n

l i n g k a r l e n g a n a t a s y a n g l e b i h b e s a r m e m p u n y a i k o m p o s i s i I e m a k y a n g

s e s u a i d e n g a n k o m p o s i s i t u b u h . I n d e k s m a s s a t u b u h a k a n b e r t a m b a h b i l a

u k u r a n l i n g k a r l e n g a n a t a s b e r t a m b a h 1 c m d a n u m u r b e r t a m b a h 1 t a h u n

( A r i y a n i , 2 0 1 2 ) .

2.1.4 Komposisi Tubuh

K o m p o s i s i t u b u h m a n u s i a a k a n b e r u b a h s e i r i n g d e n g a n b e r t a m b a h n y a

u s i a y a n g d i m u l a i s e j a k e m b r i o s a m p a i d e n g a n d e w a s a . K e c e p a t a n

p e r t u m b u h a n t u b u h a t a u m e n i n g k a t n y a b e r a t b a d a n s a n g a t b e r p e n g a r u h

t e r h a d a p p r o p o s i k o m p o s i s i t u b u h m a n u s i a . P a d a u m u m n y a k o m p o s i s i

t u b u h m a n u s i a t e r d i r i d a r i 5 0 - 6 0 % a i r , 4 0 % s i s a n y a . S i s a i n i t e r b a g i

m e n j a d i m i n e r a l 15 %, k a r b o h i d r a t y a n g k u r a n g d a r i 5 %, d a n I e m a k 2 0 %.

L e m a k t u b u h i n i t e r d i r i d a r i j a r i n g a n a d i p o s e , I e m a k s u b k u l a n , d a n I e m a k

v i s c e r a l . L e m a k m e r u p a k a n j a r i n g a n t e r b e s a r p e n y u s u n k o m p o s i s i t u b u h

y a i t u s e b e s a r 1 0 - 2 0 % p a d a p r i a d a n 2 0 - 3 0 % p a d a w a n i t a . S i s a n y a a d a l a h

p r o t e i n d a n k a r b o h i d r a t d a l a m o t o t - o t o t s e r t a m i n e r a l y a n g m e m b e n t u k

t u l a n g ( F a t m a h , 2 0 1 0 ) .

M e n u r u t J B r o c h e k , k o m p o s i s i t u b u h m a n u s i a y a i t u 6 2 , 4 % a i r , 1 6 , 4 %

p r o t e i n , 5 , 9 % m i n e r a l , 1 5 , 3 % l e m a k . M e n u r u t G a r r o w ( 1 9 9 3 ) , k o m p o s i s i

t u b u h m a n u s i a y a i t u 6 0 % a i r , 1 7 % p r o t e i n , 1 7 % l e m a k , 6 % s i s a n y a . U n t u k

m a s s a b e b a s l e m a k d i d a p a t 8 4 , 7 % s e d a n g k a n l e m a k y a i t u 1 5 , 3 %. D a l a m

p e n e l i t i a n P e r t i w i ( 2 0 1 4 ) r a t a - r a t a p e r s e n l e m a k t u b u h p e r e m p u a n

(27,1±3,5%) l e b i h b e s a r d i b a n d i n g k a n d e n g a n l a k i - l a k i (I4,6±5,4%).

M e n u r u t W u d a n O ' S u U i v a n ( 2 0 1 1 ) , p e r e m p u a n l e b i h b a n y a k m e n y i m p a n

l e m a k k a r e n a l e b i h e f i s i e n d a l a m m e n g g u n a k a n l e m a k y a n g d i s i m p a n n y a

11

d i b a n d i n g k a n d e n g a n l a k i - l a k i . P e r e m p u a n m e m i l i k i j u m l a h h o r m o n

e s t r o g e n d a l a m j u m l a h y a n g l e b i h b a n y a k . H o r m o n e s t r o g e n i n i d i k e t a h u i

s e b a g a i b a g i a n y a n g b e r t a n g g u n g j a w a b t e r h a d a p p e n u r u n a n o k s i d a s i a s a m

l e m a k e s e n s i a l p o s p a n d r i a l , s e h i n g g a h a l i n i y a n g m e n y e b a b k a n p e r e m p u a n

m e m i l i k i l e b i h b a n y a k l e m a k t u b u h ( P e r t i w i , 2 0 1 4 ) .

R a t a - r a t a m a s s a l e m a k b e b a s {fat free masslYVM) s u b j e k l a k i - l a k i

(49,1±6,0 k g ) l e b i h b e s a r d i b a n d i n g k a n d e n g a n s u b j e k p e r e m p u a n

(37,1±63,8 k g ) . W u d a n O ' S u U i v a n ( 2 0 1 1 ) m e n y e b u t k a n b a h w a w a n i t a

m e m i l i k i j u m l a h l e m a k t u b u h y a n g l e b i h t i n g g i d i b a n d i n g k a n d e n g a n l a k i -

l a k i . H a l i n i t e n t u n y a a k a n b e r d a m p a k p a d a m a s s a l e m a k b e b a s l a k i - l a k i

y a n g l e b i h t i n g g i d i b a n d i n g k a n d e n g a n p e r e m p u a n ( P e r t i w i , 2 0 1 4 ) .

T a n n e r m e n y e b u t k a n b a h w a l e m a k p a d a l a k i - l a k i c e n d e r u n g

m e n g u m p u l d i s e k i t a r p e r u t d a n p i n g g a n g ( m e n y e r u p a i b u a h a p e l )

s e d a n g k a n l e m a k p a d a p e r e m p u a n t e r d i s t r i b u s i d i p e l v i s , p a h a d a n b o k o n g

( m e n y e r u p a i b u a h p e a r ) ( A d i t y a w a r m a n , 2 0 0 7 ) .

2.1.5 Taekwondo

A t l e t a d a l a h o l a h r a g a w a n y a n g t e r l a t i h k e k u a t a n , k e t a n g k a s a n , d a n

k e c e p a t a n n y a u n t u k d i i k u t s e r t a k a n d a l a m p e r t a n d i n g a n ( S u g o n o , 2 0 0 8 ) .

U n t u k m e n j a d i a t l e t y a n g p r o f e s s i o n a l d i p e r l u k a n s e b u a h l a t i h a n , y a n g m a n a

l a t i h a n t e r s e b u t d i l a k s a n a k a n r u t i n .

D a l a m B o m p a ( 2 0 0 9 ) , l a t i h a n m e r u p a k a n a k t i v i t a s o l a h r a g a y a n g

s i s t e m a t i k d a l a m w a k t u y a n g l a m a , d i t i n g k a t k a n s e c a r a p r o g r e s i f d a n

i n d i v i d u a l y a n g m e n g a r a h k e p a d a c i r i - c i r i f u n g s i f i s i o l o g i s d a n p s i k o l o g i s

m a n u s i a u n t u k m e n c a p a i s a s a r a n y a n g t e l a h d i t e n t u k a n . L a t i h a n fisik y a n g

d i l a k u k a n d e n g a n s i s t e m a t i s , b e r u l a n g - u l a n g d a n t e r p r o g r a m a k a n m e m b e r i

d a m p a k p o s i t i f b a g i t u b u h , s e b a g a i b e r i k u t :

1 . J a n t u n g a k a n m e m b e s a r , l e b i h k u a t , p e n a m b a h a n v o l u m e d a n c u r a h

j a n t u n g .

2 . B e r t a m b a h n y a j u m l a h p e m b u l u h k a p i l e r d i s e k i t a r o t o t .

3 . B e r t a m b a h n y a k e m a m p u a n d a r a h m e m b a w a o k s i g e n .

12

4 . B e r t a m b a h n y a k e m a m p u a n s e l o t o t m e n g h a s i l k a n e n e r g i d e n g a n

p e n a m b a h a n k o n s e n t r a s i e n z i m p e n g h a s i l e n e r g i .

5 . B e r t a m b a h n y a k e m a m p u a n s e l o t o t u n t u k m e n e t r a l i s i r d a n

m e n g h a n c u r k a n s i s a - s i s a p e m b a k a r a n .

6 . B e r t a m b a h n y a k e m a m p u a n s e l o t o t d a n h a t i u n t u k b a h a n b a k a r t e r u t a m a

g l i k o g e n .

7 . B e r t a m b a h b e s a m y a u k u r a n o t o t .

P a d a c a b a n g o l a h r a g a t a e k w o n d o l e b i h d i t e k a n k a n p a d a t e k n i k k a k i

k a r e n a s e r i n g d i p e r g u n a k a n p a d a s a a t l a t i h a n a t a u p u n p e r t a n d i n g a n .

T e n d a n g a n m e r u p a k a n s a l a h s a t u k o m p o n e n y a n g p a l i n g p e n t i n g d a l a m s e n i

b e l a d i r i , k a r e n a t a n p a k e m a m p u a n t e n d a n g a n y a n g b a i k o t o m a t i s s e m u a h a !

y a n g s a n g a t p e n t i n g d a l a m l a t i h a n t i d a k a k a n t e r l a k s a n a d e n g a n b a i k .

S e b a g a i m a n a d i k e m u k a k a n o l e h S u r y a d i ( 2 0 0 2 ) , m e n a m b a h k a n k e u n i k a n

t a e k w o n d o y a i t u : " T e k n i k t e n d a n g a n s a n g a t d o m i n a n d a l a m s e n i b e l a d i r i

t a e k w o n d o , b a h k a n h a m s d i a k u i b a h w a t a e k w o n d o s a n g a t d i k e n a l k a r e n a

k e l e b i h a n d a l a m t e k n i k t e n d a n g a n " ( D i n a t a , 2 0 1 3 ) .

P a d a saa t m e l a k u k a n t e k n i k t e n d a n g a n d i p e r l u k a n k e c e p a t a n , k e k u a t a n ,

f l e k s i b i l i t a s , d a n k e s e i m b a n g a n y a n g p r i m a . K e c e p a t a n s a n g a t d i b u t u h k a n

d a l a m p e r t a n d i n g a n , k a r e n a d a l a m b e r t a n d i n g s e o r a n g a t l e t t a e k w o n d o p e r l u

k e c e p a t a n m e n e n d a n g u n t u k m e n y e r a n g a t a u p u n b e r t a h a n . S e d a n g k a n u n t u k

m e n d a p a t k a n k e m a m p u a n t e n d a n g a n y a n g b a i k d i p e r l u k a n k e k u a t a n o t o t

t u n g k a i ( k a k i ) d a n f r e k u e n s i l a n g k a h y a n g b a i k ( D i n a t a , 2 0 1 3 ) .

O l a h r a g a i n i m e m e r l u k a n k o n d i s i f i s i k y a n g b a i k y a n g h a m s d i m i l i k i

o l e h s e t i a p i n d i v i d u y a n g i n g i n m e n c a p a i p r e s t a s i y a n g b a i k . M u s t a h i l

s e s e o r a n g m e m i l i k i p r e s t a s i y a n g b a i k j i k a t i d a k m e m i l i k i k o n d i s i f i s i k y a n g

b a i k . M e n u m t P e s u m a y d a n S i d i k ( 2 0 0 7 ) b a h w a " K e b u t u h a n l a t i h a n f i s i k

k h u s u s c a b a n g o l a h r a g a t a e k w o n d o a d a l a h d a y a t a h a n a e r o b , d a y a t a h a n

a n a e r o b , d a y a t a h a n k e k u a t a n , k e c e p a t a n a k s i - r e a k s i , k e k u a t a n m a k s i m a l ,

k e k u a t a n y a n g c e p a t , d a n k e l e n t u r a n " . U n t u k m e n c a p a i k o n d i s i t e r s e b u t

13

s e t i a p t e m p a t l a t i h a n m e l a k u k a n l a t i h a n k h u s u s u n t u k p a r a a t l e t n y a ( D i n a t a ,

2 0 1 3 ) .

K e m a m p u a n t a e k w o n d o i n i t e r g a n t u n g d a r i p r o s e s l a t i h a n k a r e n a

l a t i h a n a d a l a h s u a t u c a r a u n t u k m e n i n g k a t k a n k e m a m p u a n f u n g s i f i s i o l o g i s

d a n p s i k o l o g i s ( D i n a t a , 2 0 1 3 ) .

D a l a m o l a h r a g a t a e k w o n d o , k o m p o n e n k o n d i s i f i s i k y a n g d o m i n a n

s a l a h s a t u n y a a d a l a h k e c e p a t a n . K a r e n a s e o r a n g t a e k w o n d o i n i h a r u s

m e m p u n y a i k e c e p a t a n y a n g b a i k , a g a r d a p a t b e r t a h a n d a n m e l a k u k a n

s e r a n g a n y a n g l e b i h c e p a t d a n l e b i h e f i s i e n . K e c e p a t a n m a k s i m a l

m e r u p a k a n s a l a h s a t u k o m p o n e n f i s i k y a n g h a r u s d i m i l i k i o l e h s e o r a n g a t l e t .

H a l i n i d i d a s a r k a n p a d a t u n t i m a n p e r t a n d i n g a n o l a h r a g a t a e k w o n d o y a n g

b i a s a b e r l a n g s u n g s e c a r a d i n a m i s d a n c e p a t ( D i n a t a , 2 0 1 3 ) .

K e c e p a t a n a d a l a h k e m a m p u a n u n t u k m e l a k u k a n g e r a k a n p e n g u l a n g a n

y a n g s a m a d a l a m w a k t u y a n g s e s i n g k a t - s i n g k a t n y a , a t a u k e m a m p u a n u n t u k

m e n e m p u h s u a t u j a r a k d a l a m w a k t u y a n g s i n g k a t . M e n u r u t K a r t i k a ( 2 0 0 9 )

b a h w a , " D a l a m k e c e p a t a n t e n d a n g a n d i p e n g a r u h i o l e h k e m a m p u a n r u a n g

g e r a k s e n d i , e l a s t i s i t a s , f r e k u e n s i g e r a k t u n g k a i d a n k e k u a t a n o t o t t u n g k a i "

( D i n a t a , 2 0 1 3 ) .

D a l a m m e l a k u k a n p r o s e s l a t i h a n u n t u k m e n i n g k a t k a n k e m a m p u a n

t e n d a n g a n p a r a a t l e t n y a m e t o d e l a t i h a n y a n g d i l a k u k a n k h u s u s n y a u n t u k

m e l a t i h t e n d a n g a n d i a n t a r a n y a l a t i h a n sprint 1 0 m e t e r d a n resistance band.

A d a b e b e r a p a p e n d a p a t s a l a h s a t u n y a m e n u r u t R e m o n ( 2 0 1 2 ) s e b a g a i

b e r i k u t :

U n t u k m e n a m b a h k e c e p a t a n d a n k e k u a t a n t e n d a n g a n d i a n t a r a n y a

a d a l a h l a r i c e p a t , l a r i a d a l a h s a l a h s a t u a k t i f i t a s y a n g d a p a t m e l a t i h o t o t - o t o t

m e n j a d i k e n c a n g d a n l i n c a h , l a t i h a n m e n e n d a n g d e n g a n m e n g g u n a k a n

b e b a n {resistance band), d a p a t m e n g e n c a n g k a n o t o t - o t o t p a h a d a n b e t i s

( D i n a t a , 2 0 1 3 ) .

P a d a s u a t u p e n e l i t i a n , p a r a a t l e t m e l a k u k a n l a t i h a n t a e k w o n d o 3 - 5 j a m

s e h a r i d a l a m m u s i m k o m p e t i s i d a n d e n g a n i n t e n s i t a s y a n g l e b i h t i n g g i p a d a

m u s i m l i b u r a n . K e m u d i a n d i l a k u k a n follow-up s e l a m a t a h u n 2 0 0 4 - 2 0 0 5

14

o l e h B a e K i m ( 2 0 1 5 ) , h a s i l y a n g d i p e r o l e h y a i t u b e r a t t u b u h d a n l i n g k a r

l e n g a n a t a s m e n i n g k a t s i g n i f i k a n d a n j u g a l i n g k a r p a n g g u l s e r t a l i n g k a r

d a d a m e n i n g k a t , d i s e r t a i p e n i n g k a t a n k e l i n c a h a n t a n g a n d a n k e l e n t u r a n

t a n g a n .

M e n g i n g a t b a h w a T a e k w o n d o m e r u p a k a n p e r t a n d i n g a n y a n g b e r a t , c i r i -

c i r i fisik a t l e t m e r u p a k a n f a k t o r y a n g p e n t i n g u n t u k m e n a n g a t a u k a l a h .

S e l a i n i t u , s i s t e m differential point m e n g u n t u n g k a n b a g i p a r a a t l e t y a n g

r e l a t i f t i n g g i u n t u k m e n d a p a t s k o r d e n g a n m e n y e r a n g w a j a h l a w a n . D a n

l a g i , p e r s e n t a s e l e m a k t u b u h y a n g r e n d a h d a n m a s s a b e b a s I e m a k y a n g

t i n g g i , y a n g m a n a m e r u p a k a n f a k t o r - f a k t o r k o m p o s i s i t u b u h y a n g d a p a t

b e r f u n g s i s e b a g a i i n d i k a t o r s e n s i t i f d a r i p e r f o r m a a t l e t d a l a m p e r t a n d i n g a n

p e m b a g i a n b e r a t , m e r u p a k a n c i r i - c i r i u m u m y a n g d i t e m u k a n p a d a p a r a

p e m a i n T a e k w o n d o y a n g h e b a t . C i r i - c i r i i n i j u g a b e r h u b u n g a n e r a t d e n g a n

k e b u g a r a n j a s m a n i p a r a a t l e t . F a k t o r - f a k t o r k e b u g a r a n j a s m a n i y a n g p e n t i n g

d a l a m o l a h r a g a T a e k w o n d o m e n u r u t b e b e r a p a p e n d a p a t m e l i p u t i k e k u a t a n ,

k e k u a t a n o t o t , k e t a h a n a n o t o t , k e l i n c a h a n , d a n k e l e n t u r a n . K h u s u s n y a ,

f u n g s i - f i m g s i o t o t s e p e r t i k e k u a t a n o t o t d a n k e t a h a n a n e k s t r e m i t a s b a w a h

m e r u p a k a n f a k t o r - f a k t o r y a n g p e n t i n g u n t u k m e l a k u k a n t e n d a n g a n y a n g

k u a t d a n t e p a t . M e r e k a d i a n g g a p s e b a g a i t a r g e t l a t i h a n d a r i p a r a a t l e t k a r e n a

m e r e k a m e n g u k u r f u n g s i o t o t d a r i e k s t r e m i t a s b a w a h ( B a e K i m , 2 0 1 5 ) .

W o n S e o ( 2 0 1 5 ) m e n g a m a t i p e r u b a h a n k o m p o s i s i t u b u h a t l e t

t a e k w o n d o p e r g u r u a n t i n g g i d i K o r e a S e l a t a n s e l a m a 8 m i n g g u p e l a t i h a n

p r a - m u s i m . H a s i l d a r i p e l a t i h a n t e r s e b u t a d a l a h t e r d a p a t p e n u r u n a n

s i g n i f i k a n s e c a r a s t a t i s t i k p a d a b e r a t b a d a n u n t u k l a k i - l a k i d a n w a n i t a .

P e r s e n l e m a k t u b u h l a k i - l a k i m e n u r u n d a r i 1 1 , 4 ± 2 , 2 8 % m e n j a d i 9 , 9 ±

1 , 5 0 % s e t e l a h p e l a t i h a n , d a n j a r i n g a n l e m a k b e r k u r a n g d a r i 8 , 1 ± 2 , 3 0 k g

m e n j a d i 6 , 8 ± 1 ,52 k g . P e r s e n l e m a k t u b u h d a r i w a n i t a b e r k u r a n g d a r i 2 3 , 2

± 3 , 5 8 % m e n j a d i 2 1 , 2 ± 3 , 0 9 % s e t e l a h p e l a t i h a n , d a n j a r i n g a n l e m a k j u g a

b e r k u r a n g s e c a r a s i g n i f i k a n d a r i 1 4 , 0 ± 3 , 0 k g m e n j a d i 1 2 , 4 ± 2 , 4 8 k g . S e r t a

t e r j a d i p e n i n g k a t a n o t o t ( W o n S e o , 2 0 1 5 ) .

15

P a d a p e n e l i t i a n K a z e m i ( 2 0 0 6 ) p a d a p r i a y a n g j u a r a t a e k w o n d o

m e m i l i k i t i n g g i r a t a - r a t a 1 8 3 c m l e b i h t i n g g i d a r i p r i a y a n g t i d a k j u a r a .

S e d a n g k a n b e r a t b a d a n n y a r a t a - r a t a 7 3 , 4 k g l e b i h r e n d a h d a r i p a d a y a n g

t i d a k j u a r a . D a n i n d e k s m a s s a t u b u h n y a 2 1 , 9 l e b i h r e n d a h d a r i p a d a y a n g

t i d a k j u a r a .

U n t u k p e r e m p u a n y a n g j u a r a t a e k w o n d o m e m i l i k i t i n g g i b a d a n r a t a - r a t a

1 7 0 c m l e b i h t i n g g i d a r i p a d a y a n g t i d a k j u a r a t a e k w o n d o , u n t u k b e r a t

b a d a n n y a 6 0 , 3 k g l e b i h r e n d a h d a r i y a n g t i d a k j u a r a t a e k w o n d o . S e d a n g k a n

u n t u k i n d e k s m a s s a t u b u h n y a 2 0 , 8 l e b i h r e n d a h d a r i p a d a y a n g t i d a k j u a r a

t a e k w o n d o ( K a z e m i , 2 0 0 6 ) .

P a d a p e n e l i t i a n S a d o w s k i ( 2 0 1 2 ) p a d a p r i a t a e k w o n d o y a n g

m e n d a p a t k a n m e d a l i m e m i l i k i b e r a t b a d a n r a t a - r a t a 6 7 k g l e b i h r e n d a h

d a r i p a d a y a n g t i d a k m e n d a p a t k a n m e d a l i , s e d a n g k a n i n d e k s m a s s a t u b u h

p r i a y a n g m e n d a p a t k a n m e d a l i m e m i l i k i i n d e k s m a s s a t u b u h 2 1 , 3 l e b i h

r e n d a h d a r i p a d a y a n g t i d a k m e m i l i k i m e d a l i ( S a d o w s k i , 2 0 1 2 ) .

A t l e t t a e k w o n d o p e r e m p u a n y a n g b e r p r e s t a s i m e m i l i k i k o m p o s i s i t u b u h

y a n g b e r b e d a d e n g a n a t l e t t a e k w o n d o p e r e m p u a n y a n g t i d a k b e r p r e s t a s i .

P a d a p e n e l i t i a n M a r k o v i c ( 2 0 0 5 ) t i n g g i b a d a n p e r e m p u a n y a n g b e r p r e s t a s i

m e m i l i k i t i n g g i b a d a n r a t a - r a t a 1 7 1 , 1 c m y a n g m a n a l e b i h t i n g g i

d i b a n d i n g k a n d e n g a n p e r e m p u a n t a e k w o n d o y a n g t i d a k b e r p r e s t a s i .

S e d a n g k a n r a t a - r a t a I e m a k t u b u h p a d a a t l e t t a e k w o n d o p e r e m p u a n y a n g

b e r p r e s t a s i ( 1 5 , 3 % ) , i t u l e b i h r e n d a h d a r i p a d a p e r e m p u a n t a e k w o n d o y a n g

t i d a k b e r p r e s t a s i y a n g m a n a l e m a k t u b u h n y a y a i t u 1 7 , 6 % ( M a r k o v i c ,

2 0 0 5 ) .

D i C r o a t i a , k a n d i d a t w a n i t a t a e k w o n d o y a n g b e r k o m p e t i s i m e m i l i k i

t i n g g i r a t a - r a t a 1 5 8 c m , b e r a t b a d a n n y a y a i t u 4 6 , 5 k g , d a n m e m i l i k i l i n g k a r

l e n g a n a t a s 2 3 , 5 0 c m . S e d a n g k a n u n t u k p r i a m e m i l i k i t i n g g i b a d a n r a t a - r a t a

1 6 0 c m , b e r a t b a d a n 5 2 , 7 5 k g , d a n l i n g k a r l e n g a n a t a s n y a 2 6 , 1 1 c m ( C u l a r ,

2 0 1 3 ) .

16

2.2 Kerangka Teori

A t l e t

L a t i h a n t a e k w o n d o r u t i n

H i p e r t r o p i o t o t

L i n g k a r l e n g a n a t a s B e r a t b a d a n J

T i n g g i b a d a n

I n d e k s m a s s a t u b u h

Gambar 2.4 Kerangka teori

BAB I I I

M E T O D E PENELITIAN

3.1 Jenis Penelitian

P e n e l i t i a n i n i m e r u p a k a n p e n e l i t i a n d e s k r i p t i f d e n g a n m e n g g u n a k a n

d e s a i n cross sectional ( S a s t r o a s m o r o , 2 0 1 1 ) .

3.2 Waktu dan Tempat Penelitian

3.2.1 Waktu Penelitian

P e n e l i t i a n d i l a k s a n a k a n p a d a b u l a n O k t o b e r - D e s e m b e r 2 0 1 5 .

3.2.2 Tempat Penelitian

P e n e l i t i a n d i l a k s a n a k a n d i K O N I P a l e m b a n g .

3.3 Populasi dan Subjek/ Sampel Penelitian

3.3.1 Populasi Target

S e m u a a t l e t t a e k w o n d o d i S u m a t e r a S e l a t a n .

3.3.2 Populasi Terjangkau

P o p u l a s i t e r j a n g k a u a d a l a h a t l e t t a e k w o n d o d i P a l e m b a n g .

3.3.2 Sampel dan Besar Sampel

P e n g a m b i l a n s a m p e l m e n g g u n a k a n t o t a l s a m p l i n g y a i t u s e m u a

a t l e t t a e k w o n d o d i k o t a P a l e m b a n g .

3.3.3 Kriteria inklusi dan Ekslusi

A. Kriteria Inklusi

1 . J e n i s k e l a m i n l a k i - l a k i d a n p e r e m p u a n

2 . M e l a k u k a n l a t i h a n r u t i n t a e k w o n d o t i g a k a l i s e m i n g g u d a l a m

w a k t u m i n i m a l 3 j a m / h a r i .

3 . T e r d a f t a r s e b a g a i a t l e t d i K O N I k o t a P a l e m b a n g .

17

18

B. Kriteria Ekslusi

1 . S e d a n g m e n g a l a m i c e d e r a fisik y a n g m e n g h a m b a t l a t i h a n

2 . A t l e t t a e k w o n d o y a n g b a r u b e r g a b u n g < 2 t a h u n

3.4 Definisi Operasional

A . B e r a t B a d a n

1 . D e f i n i s i : U k u r a n y a n g d i g u n a k a n u n t u k m e n i l a i k e a d a a n s u a t u g i z i

m a n u s i a .

2 . A l a t u k u r : T i m b a n g a n ( k i l o g r a m )

3 . C a r a u k u r : M e n g u k u r d e n g a n m e n a i k i t i m b a n g a n

4 . H a s i l u k u r a n : D a t a n u m e r i k d e n g a n s a t u a n k i l o g r a m ( k g )

5 . S k a l a : N u m e r i k

B . T i n g g i B a d a n

1 . D e f i n i s i : S a l a h s a t u i n d i k a t o r k l i n i k u t a m a m e n e n t u k a n i n d e k s m a s s a

t u b u h d a l a m m e n e n t u k a n g i z i . D i u k u r j a r a k a n t a r a t u m i t d a n p u n c a k

k e p a l a .

2 . A l a t u k u r : A l a t u k u r t i n g g i b a d a n ( m e t e r a n )

3 . C a r a u k u r : M e n g u k u r t i n g g i b a d a n

4 . H a s i l u k u r : D a t a n u m e r i k d e n g a n s a t u a n m e t e r ( m )

5 . S k a l a : N u m e r i k

C . I n d e k s M a s s a T u b u h

1 . D e f i n i s i : C a r a s e d e r h a n a u n t u k m e l i h a t s t a t u s g i z i , y a n g d i d a p a t d a r i

h a s i l p e m b a g i a n b e r a t b a d a n ( k i l o g r a m ) d e n g a n t i n g g i b a d a n k u a d r a t

( m e t e r ) . P e n g u k u r a n d i l a k u k a n s e b a n y a k d u a k a l i .

2 . A l a t u k u r : T i m b a n g a n d a n a l a t u k u r t i n g g i b a d a n ( m e t e r a n )

3 . C a r a u k u r : M e l a k u k a n t i m b a n g a n d a n m e n g u k u r t i n g g i b a d a n

4 . H a s i l u k u r : D a t a n u m e r i k d e n g a n s a t u a n k i l o g r a m p e r m e t e r k u a d r a t

( k g / m ' )

19

5 . S k a l a : N u m e r i k

D . L i n g k a r L e n g a n A t a s

1 . D e f i n i s i : P e n g u k u r a n m a s s a o t o t k e d u a l e n g a n a t a s . P e n g u k u r a n

d i l a k u k a n s e b a n y a k d u a k a l i .

2 . A l a t u k u r : P i t a p e n g u k u r a n ( c e n t i m e t e r )

3 . C a r a u k u r : P i t a m e l i n g k a r d i l e n g a n a t a s

4 . H a s i l u k u r a n : D a t a n u m e r i k d e n g a n s a t u a n c e n t i m e t e r ( c m )

5 . S k a l a : N u m e r i k

3.5 Cara Pengumpulan Data

3.5.1 Data Primer

P e n g u m p u l a n d a t a d i p e r o l e h m e l a l u i d a t a p r i m e r d e n g a n p e n g u k u r a n

l a n g s u n g p a d a a t l e t t a e k w o n d o m e l i p u t i t i n g g i b a d a n , b e r a t b a d a n ,

l i n g k a r l e n g a n a l a s .

3.5.2 Data Sekunder

D a t a s e k u n d e r p e n e l i t i a n i n i d i p e r o l e h d a r i K O N I k o t a P a l e m b a n g .

3.6 Cara Pengolahan dan Analisis Data

3.6.1 Cara Pengolahan Data

M e n u r u t N o t o a d m o d j o ( 2 0 1 0 ) , c a r a p e n g o l a h a n d a t a y a i t u :

A. Editing

S e c a r a u m u m , editing m e r u p a k a n p e n g e c e k a n d a n p e r b a i k a n d a t a .

P a d a t a h a p i n i , d a t a y a n g t e l a h d i k u m p u l k a n d i p e r i k s a k e m b a l i

a p a k a h s u d a h l e n g k a p d a n t i d a k a d a k e k e l i r u a n .

B . Coding

S e t e l a h s e m u a d a t a d i e d i t , s e l a n j u t n y a d i l a k u k a n p e n g k o d e a n a t a u

" c o d i n g " , y a k n i m e n g u b a h d a t a y a n g b e r b e n t u k k a l i m a t m e n j a d i d a t a

a n g k a a t a u b i l a n g a n t e r t e n t u o l e h p e n e l i t i s e c a r a m a n u a l s e h i n g g a

m e m u d a h k a n d a l a m m e l a k u k a n a n a l i s i s d a t a .

C. M e m a s u k k a n D a t a (Data Entry) a t a u Processing

20

D a t a d a r i m a s i n g - m a s i n g r e s p o n d e n d i m a s u k k a n k e d a l a m k o l o m -

k o l o m a t a u k o t a k - k o t a k l e m b a r k o d e s e s u a i d e n g a n v a r i a b e l

p e n e l i t i a n .

D . T a b u l a s i

A p a b i l a s e m u a d a t a d a r i s e t i a p s u m b e r t e l a h s e l e s a i d i i s i , d i l a k u k a n

p e m b u a t a n t a b e l - t a b e ! d a t a , s e s u a i d e n g a n t u j u a n p e n e l i t i a n a t a u

y a n g d i i n g i n k a n o l e h p e n e l i t i .

3.6.2 Analisis Data

D a t a y a n g d i p e r o l e h a k a n d i a n a l i s i s s e c a r a u n i v a r i a t . D a t a t e r s e b u t a k a n

d i t a m p i l k a n p a d a t a b e l d i s t r i b u s i f r e k u e n s i d a r i m a s i n g - m a s i n g v a r i a b e l

k e m u d i a n d i b u a t n a r a s i .

3.7 Alur Penelitian

P o p u l a s i t e r j a n g k a u a t l e t t a e k w o n d o d i P a l e m b a n g

V

P e n g a m b i l a n s a m p e l p e n e l i t i a n

y a n g m e m e n u h i k r i t e r i a i n k l u s i

d a n t i d a k m e m e n u h i k r i t e r i a

e k s k l u s i

Pelaksanaan Penelitian

M e l a k u k a n p e n g u k u r a n b e r a t b a d a n , t i n g g i b a d a n ,

l i n g k a r l e n g a n a t a s

i Pengolahan dan analisis data

M e n g o l a h d a t a d a n m e n y u s u n l a p o r a n p e n e l i t i a n

BAB IV

HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN

P e n e l i t i a n d i l a k u k a n s e l a m a p e r i o d e O k t o b e r - D e s e m b e r 2 0 1 5 d e n g a n

j u m l a h a t l e t T a e k w o n d o k o t a P a l e m b a n g y a n g t e r d a f t a r d i K O N I s e b a n y a k 4 6

o r a n g n a m u n h a n y a 3 6 o r a n g y a n g m e m e n u h i k r i t e r i a i n k l u s i .

4.1 Hasil

4.1.1 Karakteristik Subjek Penelitian

A. Distribusi Populasi Berdasarkan Jenis Kelamin

D a r i 3 6 o r a n g s u b j e k p e n e l i t i a n , d i s t r i b u s i b e r d a s a r k a n j e n i s k e l a m i n

a t l e t t a e k w o n d o d a p a t d i l i h a t d i T a b e l 4 . 1 .

T a b e l 4 . 1 D i s t r i b u s i S u b j e k P e n e l i t i a n B e r d a s a r k a n J e n i s K e l a m i n

J e n i s K e l a m i n F r e k u e n s i P e r s e n t a s e

P e r e m p u a n 1 0 2 7 , 8

L a k i - l a k i 2 6 7 2 , 2

T o t a l 3 6 1 0 0

D a r i t a b e l d i a t a s , j u m l a h a t l e t y a n g b e r j e n i s k e l a m i n p e r e m p u a n

s e b a n y a k 1 0 o r a n g ( 2 7 , 8 % ) d a n l a k i - l a k i b e r j u m l a h 2 6 o r a n g ( 7 2 , 2 % ) .

B. Distribusi Populasi Berdasarkan Usia

D i s t r i b u s i s u b j e k p e n e l i t i a n b e r d a s a r k a n u s i a a t l e t t a e k w o n d o d a p a t

d i l i h a t d i T a b e l 4 . 2 .

22

23

T a b e l 4 . 2 D i s t r i b u s i S u b j e k P e n e l i t i a n B e r d a s a r k a n U s i a

1 1 CI Q Usia

r r c K U G i i b i rcrscnui^c

R e m a j a a w a l ( 1 0 - 1 2 t a h u n ) 6 1 6 , 7

R e m a j a t e n g a h ( 1 3 - 1 5 t a h u n ) 7 1 9 , 4

R e m a j a a k h i r ( 1 6 - 1 8 t a h u n ) 1 2 3 3 , 3

D e w a s a ( > 1 8 t a h u n ) 11 3 0 , 6

T o t a l 3 6 1 0 0

B e r d a s a r k a n W H O u s i a r e m a j a d i m u l a i d a r i u s i a 1 0 - 1 8 t a h u n .

M e n u r u t W i d y a s t u t i ( 2 0 0 9 ) u s i a d i b a g i m e n j a d i r e m a j a a w a l , r e m a j a

t e n g a h , r e m a j a a k h i r , d a n d e w a s a . D a r i s i n i d a p a t t e r l i h a t a t l e t p a l i n g

b a n y a k p a d a u s i a r e m a j a a k h i r y a i t u 1 6 - 1 8 t a h u n s e b a n y a k 1 2 o r a n g

( 3 3 , 3 % ) . D a n p a l i n g s e d i k i t p a d a u s i a r e m a j a a w a l y a i t u 1 0 - 1 2 t a h u n

s e b a n y a k 6 o r a n g ( 1 6 , 7 % ) . S e d a n g k a n u n t u k d e w a s a y a i t u t e r d i r i d a r i 1 1

o r a n g ( 3 0 , 6 % ) .

4.1.2 Karakteristik Antropometri Populasi

A. Berat Badan

B e r d a s a r k a n b e r a t b a d a n , d i s t r i b u s i s u b j e k p e n e l i t i a n s e b a g a i m a n a

d a p a t d i l i h a t p a d a T a b e l 4 . 3 .

T a b e l 4 . 3 . D i s t r i b u s i S u b j e k P e n e l i t i a n B e r d a s a r k a n B e r a t B a d a n

B e r a t b a d a n F r e k u e n s i P e r s e n t a s e

3 0 - 3 9 k g 5 1 3 , 9

4 0 - 4 9 k g 7 1 9 , 4

5 0 - 5 9 k g 1 1 3 0 , 6

6 0 - 6 9 k g 8 2 2 , 2

7 0 - 7 9 k g 4 1 1 , 1

8 0 - 8 9 k g 1 2 , 8

T o t a l 3 6 1 0 0

24

D a r i t a b e l d i a t a s d i d a p a t k a n b e r a t b a d a n 3 6 a t l e t t a e k w o n d o p a l i n g

b a n y a k a d a l a h 5 0 - 5 9 k g y a n g t e r d i r i d a r i 1 1 o r a n g ( 3 0 , 6 % ) . R a t a - r a t a

b e r a t b a d a n p r i a a t l e t t a e k w o n d o P a l e m b a n g y a i t u 52,3±12,75.

S e d a n g k a n r a t a - r a t a b e r a t b a d a n w a n i t a y a i t u 58,2±14,4.

B. Indeks Massa Tubuh

B e r d a s a r k a n i n d e k s m a s s a t u b u h , d i s t r i b u s i s u b j e k p e n e l i t i a n

s e b a g a i m a n a d a p a t d i l i h a t p a d a T a b e l 4 . 4 .

T a b e l 4 . 4 D i s t r i b u s i S u b j e k P e n e l i t i a n B e r d a s a r k a n I M T

D e w a s a R e m a j a

I M T F r e k u e n s i P e r s e n t a s e F r e k u e n s i P e r s e n t a s e U n d e r w e i g h t 1 4

N o r m a l 7 6 3 , 6 2 3 9 2

O v e r w e i g h t 2 1 8 , 2 1 4

O b e s i t a s t i p e 1 2 1 8 , 2

O b e s i t a s t i p e 2 -

T o t a l 1 1 1 0 0 2 5 1 0 0

D a r i 1 1 o r a n g a t l e t d e w a s a y a n g t e r m a s u k d a l a m p o p u l a s i p e n e l i t i a n

i n i , d i d a p a t k a n s e b a n y a k 7 o r a n g ( 6 3 , 6 % ) I M T n o r m a l , 2 o r a n g ( 1 8 , 2 % )

y a n g overweight, d a n 2 o r a n g ( 1 8 , 2 % ) y a n g t e r m a s u k o b e s 1 . S e d a n g k a n

i m t u k r e m a j a d i d a p a t k a n 1 o r a n g ( 4 % ) y a n g t e r m a s u k underweight, 2 3

o r a n g ( 9 2 % ) n o r m a l , d a n 1 o r a n g ( 4 % ) overweight. R a t a - r a t a I M T d a r i

3 6 o r a n g a t l e t t a e k w o n d o y a i t u s e b e s a r 2 0 , 2 7 ± 3 , 5 .

25

C. Lingkar Lengan Atas

L i n g k a r l e n g a n a t a s d i k a t e g o r i k a n m e n u r u t D i r e k t o r a t G i z i

P e m b i n a a n K e s e h a t a n M a s y a r a k a t D e p k e s R I ( 1 9 9 0 ) d i b e d a k a n a n t a r a

l a k i - l a k i d a n p e r e m p u a n p a d a u s i a > 1 8 t a h u n , s e r t a u n t u k u s i a < 1 8 t a h u n

l i n g k a r l e n g a n a t a s t i d a k d i b e d a k a n a n t a r a l a k i - l a k i d a n p e r e m p u a n .

D i s t r i b u s i s u b j e k p e n e l i t i a n i n i d a p a t d i l i h a t p a d a T a b e l 4 . 5 .

T a b e l 4 . 5 . 1 D i s t r i b u s i S u b j e k P e n e l i t i a n B e r d a s a r k a n L I L A

U s i a 1 0 - 1 4 t h U s i a 15 - 1 7 t h U s i a 1 8 - 3 4 t h

L a k i - l a k i P e r e m p u a n L I L A n % n % n % n %

K u r a n g 1 1 0

N o r m a l 6 7 5 1 1 8 4 , 6 8 8 0 4 8 0

L e b i h 2 2 5 2 1 5 , 4 1 1 0 1 2 0

T o t a l 8 1 0 0 13 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 5 1 0 0

D a r i t a b e l d i a t a s d i d a p a t k a n a t l e t r e m a j a y a n g b e r u s i a 1 0 - 1 4 t a h u n

y a n g m e m i l i k i l i n g k a r l e n g a n a t a s n o r m a l ( 1 7 - 2 3 c m ) y a i t u 6 o r a n g ( 7 5

% ) , d a n y a n g m e m i l i k i l i n g k a r l e n g a n a t a s b e r l e b i h ( > 2 3 ) y a i t u 2 o r a n g

( 2 5 % ) .

D a r i t a b e l d i a t a s d i d a p a t k a n a t l e t r e m a j a y a n g b e r u s i a 1 5 - 1 7 t a h u n

y a n g m e m i l i k i l i n g k a r l e n g a n a t a s n o r m a l ( 2 1 - 2 7 c m ) y a i t u s e b a n y a k 1 1

o r a n g ( 8 4 , 6 % ) , d a n y a n g m e m i l i k i l i n g k a r l e n g a n a t a s l e b i h ( > 2 7 c m )

y a i t u 2 o r a n g ( 1 5 , 4 % ) .

D a r i t a b e l d i a t a s d i d a p a t k a n a t l e t l a k i - l a k i y a n g b e r u m u r 1 8 - 3 4 t a h u n

y a n g m e m i l i k i l i n g k a r l e n g a n a t a s n o r m a l ( 2 3 , 5 - 2 9 , 5 c m ) y a i t u s e b a n y a k

8 o r a n g ( 8 0 % ) , y a n g m e m i l i k i l i n g k a r l e n g a n a t a s k u r a n g ( < 2 3 , 5 c m )

y a i t u 1 o r a n g ( 1 0 % ) , d a n y a n g m e m i l i k i l i n g k a r l e n g a n a t a s l e b i h ( 2 9 , 5

c m ) y a i t u 1 o r a n g ( 1 0 % ) . U n t u k a t l e t p e r e m p u a n y a n g b e r u s i a 1 8 - 3 4

t a h u n y a n g m e m i l i k i l i n g k a r l e n g a n a t a s n o r m a l ( 2 3 - 2 8 , 5 c m ) y a i t u

26

s e b a n y a k 4 o r a n g ( 8 0 % ) , d a n y a n g m e m i l i k i l i n g k a r l e n g a n a t a s l e b i h

( > 2 8 , 5 c m ) y a i t u 1 o r a n g ( 5 0 % ) .

R a t a - r a t a l i n g k a r l e n g a n a t a s s e l u r u h l a k i - l a k i a t l e t t a e k w o n d o y a i t u

2 3 , 4 6 ± 4 , 2 . S e d a n g k a n u n t u k r a t a - r a t a l i n g k a r l e n g a n a t a s p e r e m p u a n

y a i t u 2 5 , 7 5 ± 3 , 5 . U n t u k n i l a i r a t a - r a t a l i n g k a r l e n g a n a t a s s e l u r u h a t l e t

t a e k w o n d o y a i t u 2 4 , 1 0 ± 4 , 1 . D a n y a n g p a l i n g b a n y a k 7 o r a n g ( 2 0 % )

y a n g m e m i l i k i l i n g k a r l e n g a n a t a s 2 3 c m . J i k a d i b e d a k a n l a k i - l a k i d a n

p e r e m p u a n m e n u r u t u s i a m a k a n i l a i r a t a - r a t a d a p a t d i l i h a t p a d a t a b e l

d i b a w a h :

T a b e l 4 . 5 . 2 N i l a i r a t a - r a t a l i n g k a r l e n g a n a t a s m e n u r u t u s i a d a n j e n i s k e l a m i n

J e n i s k e l a m i n U s i a R a t a - r a t a S D

L a k i - l a k i < 2 0 t a h u n 2 1 , 6 9 2 , 1

> 2 0 t a h u n 2 8 , 2 8 4 , 9

P e r e m p u a n < 2 0 t a h u n 2 6 , 3 8 3 , 7

> 2 0 t a h u n 2 3 , 2 5 0 , 3 5

N i l a i r a t a - r a t a l i n g k a r l e n g a n a t a s p e r e m p u a n < 2 0 t a h u n ( 2 6 , 3 8 ±

3 , 7 ) d a n n i l a i r a t a - r a t a p e r e m p u a n > 2 0 t a h u n ( 2 3 , 2 5 ± 0 , 3 5 ) . S e d a n g k a n

n i l a i r a t a - r a t a l a k i - l a k i < 2 0 t a h u n ( 2 1 , 6 9 ±2 ,1 ) d a n n i l a i r a t a - r a t a l a k i -

l a k i > 2 0 t a h u n ( 2 8 , 2 8 ± 4 , 9 ) .

4.2 Pembahasan

D a r i p e n e l i t i a n d i d a p a t k a n r a t a - r a t a b e r a t b a d a n a t l e t t a e k w o n d o p r i a

P a l e m b a n g y a i t u 52,3±12,75. M e n u r u t H e l l e r ( 2 0 1 5 ) r a t a - r a t a b e r a t b a d a n

a t l e t t a e k w o n d o p r i a d i P r a h a y a i t u 69,9±8,7. J i k a d i b a n d i n g k a n d e n g a n a t l e t

t a e k w o n d o P r a h a m a k a b e r a t b a d a n a t l e t t a e k w o n d o p r i a P a l e m b a n g y a i t u

l e b i h k e c i l .

N i l a i r a t a - r a t a b e r a t b a d a n a t l e t t a e k w o n d o w a n i t a P a l e m b a n g y a i t u

58,2±14,4. M e n u r u t H e l l e r ( 2 0 1 5 ) r a t a - r a t a b e r a t b a d a n a t l e t t a e k w o n d o

w a n i t a d i P r a h a y a i t u 62,3±7,4. J i k a d i b a n d i n g k a n b e r a t b a d a n a t l e t

27

t a e k w o n d o P a l e m b a n g y a i t u l e b i h k e c i l . H a l i n i k e m u n g k i n a n d i s e b a b k a n

o l e h p e r b e d a a n a s u p a n n u t r i s i d a n p e r b e d a a n a k t i f i t a s fisik ( W o n g , 2 0 1 4 ) .

P a d a p e r t a n d i n g a n t a e k w o n d o n a s i o n a l , a t l e t t a e k w o n d o h a m s m e m e n u h i

k r i t e r i a b e r a t b a d a n d a n u s i a . K r i t e r i a b e r a t b a d a n d a n u s i a d a p a t d i l i h a t p a d a

t a b e l 4 . 6 .

T a b e l 4 . 6 . 1 K r i t e r i a P e r t a n d i n g a n T a e k w o n d o N a s i o n a l 1 4 - 1 7 t a h u n

K e l a s P u t r a K e l a s W a n i t a

U n d e r 4 5 k g M a x 4 5 k g U n d e r 4 2 k g M a x 4 2 k g

U n d e r 4 8 k g 4 5 , 0 1 - 4 8 , 0 0 k g U n d e r 4 4 k g 4 2 , 0 1 - 4 4 , 0 0 k g

U n d e r 5 1 k g 4 8 , 0 1 - 5 1 , 0 0 k g U n d e r 4 6 k g 4 4 , 0 1 - 4 6 , 0 0 k g

U n d e r 5 5 k g 5 1 , 0 1 - 5 5 , 0 0 k g U n d e r 4 9 k g 4 6 , 0 1 - 4 9 , 0 0 k g

U n d e r 5 9 k g 5 5 , 0 1 - 5 9 , 0 0 k g U n d e r 5 2 k g 4 9 , 0 1 - 5 2 , 0 0 k g

U n d e r 6 3 k g 5 9 , 0 1 - 6 3 , 0 0 k g U n d e r 5 5 k g 5 2 , 0 1 - 5 5 , 0 0 k g

U n d e r 6 8 k g 6 3 , 0 1 - 6 8 , 0 0 k g U n d e r 5 9 k g 5 5 , 0 1 - 5 9 , 0 0 k g

U n d e r 7 3 k g 6 8 , 0 1 - 7 3 , 0 0 k g U n d e r 6 3 k g 5 9 , 0 1 - 6 3 , 0 0 k g

U n d e r 7 8 k g 7 3 , 0 1 - 7 8 , 0 0 k g U n d e r 6 8 k g 6 3 , 0 1 - 6 8 , 0 0 k g

O v e r 7 8 k g M i n 7 8 , 0 1 k g O v e r 6 8 k g M i n 6 8 , 0 1 k g

S u m b e r : K O N I , 2 0 5

B e r d a s a r k a n t a b e l d i a t a s , a t l e t t a e k w o n d o P a l e m b a n g y a n g d i t e l i t i b e m s i a

1 4 - 1 7 t a h u n m e m e n u h i k r i t e r i a p e r t a n d i n g a n t a e k w o n d o n a s i o n a l , k a r e n a

b e r a t b a d a n n y a s e s u a i . A t l e t t a e k w o n d o y a n g m e m e n u h i k r i t e r i a t e r s e b u t

s e b a n y a k 15 o r a n g . A t l e t t a e k w o n d o y a n g b e m s i a k u r a n g d a r i 1 4 t a h u n d i

I n d o n e s i a t i d a k d i p e r b o l e h k a n u n t u k t a n d i n g t a e k w o n d o n a s i o n a l , t e t a p i

h a n y a d i p e r b o l e h k a n p e r t a n d i n g a n t i n g k a t d a e r a h a s a l .

28

T a b e l 4 . 6 . 2 K r i t e r i a P e r t a n d i n g a n T a e k w o n d o N a s i o n a l > 1 7 t a h u n

K e l a s P u t r a K e l a s W a n i t a

U n d e r 5 4 k g M a x 5 4 k g U n d e r 4 6 k g M a x 4 6 k g u n a e r Do Kg 01 ? o fin Vn D4,U1-D5,UU k g U n a e r 4 9 Kg AA. ni An nn i, —

4o,ui-4y,uu k g U n d e r 6 3 k g 5 8 , 0 1 - 6 3 , 0 0 k g U n d e r 5 3 k g 4 9 , 0 1 - 5 3 , 0 0 k g U n d e r 6 8 k g 6 3 , 0 1 - 6 8 , 0 0 k g U n d e r 5 7 k g 5 3 , 0 1 - 5 7 , 0 0 k g U n d e r 7 4 k g 6 8 , 0 1 - 7 4 , 0 0 k g U n d e r 6 2 k g 5 7 , 0 1 - 6 2 , 0 0 k g U n d e r 8 0 k g 7 4 , 0 1 - 8 0 , 0 0 k g U n d e r 6 7 k g 6 2 , 0 1 - 6 7 , 0 0 k g U n d e r 8 7 k g 8 0 , 0 1 - 8 7 , 0 0 k g U n d e r 7 3 k g 6 7 , 0 1 - 7 3 , 0 0 k g O v e r 8 7 k g M i n 8 7 , 0 1 k g O v e r 7 3 k g M i n 7 3 , 0 1 k g

S u m b e r : K O N I , 2 0 1 5

B e r d a s a r k a n t a b e l d i a t a s a t l e t t a e k w o n d o P a l e m b a n g y a n g b e r u s i a l e b i h

d a r i 1 7 t a h u n t e l a h m e m e n u h i k r i t e r i a p e r t a n d i n g a n t a e k w o n d o n a s i o n a l ,

k a r e n a b e r a t b a d a n n y a s e s u a i . J a d i , a t l e t t a e k w o n d o P a l e m b a n g y a n g

m e m e n u h i k r i t e r i a u n t u k p e r t a n d i n g a n t a e k w o n d o n a s i o n a l u s i a > 1 7 t a h u n

a d a l a h 15 o r a n g .

D i s t r i b u s i p o p u l a s i a t l e t d a l a m p e n e l i t i a n i n i b e r d a s a r k a n I M T

s e b a g a i m a n a y a n g t e r l i h a t p a d a T a b e l 4 . 4 m e m p e r l i h a t k a n 7 o r a n g a t l e t

d e w a s a s e r t a 2 3 o r a n g a t l e t r e m a j a m e m i l i k i I M T n o r m a l . N i l a i r a t a - r a t a I M T

s e l u r u h a t l e t t a e k w o n d o P a l e m b a n g y a i t u 2 0 , 2 7 , d i m a n a h a s i l i n i t e r m a s u k

I M T n o r m a l ( 1 8 - 2 2 , 9 ) m e n u r u t W H O . H a s i l i n i l e b i h r e n d a h d a r i p a d a h a s i l

p e n e l i t i a n C u l a r & K r s t u l o v i c ( 2 0 1 1 ) y a n g m e n d a p a t k a n I M T r a t a - r a t a a t l e t

t a e k w o n d o d i C r o a t i a s e b e s a r 2 1 , 7 . H a l i n i d i k a r e n a k a n I M T o r a n g I n d o n e s i a

l e b i h r e n d a h d i b a n d i n g k a n o r a n g E r o p a ( W H O , 2 0 0 4 ) . P e r b e d a a n I M T

t e r s e b u t d i s e b a b k a n o l e h p e r b e d a a n a s u p a n n u t r i s i d a n p e r b e d a a n a k t i f i t a s

f i s i k ( W o n g , 2 0 1 4 ) .

S e l a i n I M T n o r m a l p a d a p e n e l i t i a n k a l i i n i d i d a p a t j u g a 5 o r a n g m e m i l i k i

I M T l e b i h d a r i n o r m a l . D a r i p e n e l i t i a n i n i I M T y a n g b e r l e b i h i n i b i s a

d i s e b a b k a n o l e h m a s s a l e m a k t u b u h a t a u p u n m a s s a o t o t . M e n u r u t A C S M

( 2 0 1 0 ) p e n g u k u r a n I M T d a p a t m e m p e r k i r a k a n t o t a l l e m a k t u b u h . N i l a i I M T

29

b e r b e d a d a l a m r a s / e t n i s t e r t e n t u d a n t i d a k m e m b e d a k a n a n t a r a l a k i - l a k i

m a u p u n p e r e m p u a n . N i l a i I M T y a n g t i n g g i b e l u m t e n t u k a r e n a j a r i n g a n

l e m a k t a p i d a p a t j u g a k a r e n a j a r i n g a n o t o t . O l a h r a g a w a n y a n g s a n g a t t e r l a t i h ,

m u n g k i n m e m i l i k i I M T y a n g t i n g g i k a r e n a p e n i n g k a t a n m a s s a o t o t .

P a d a p e n e l i t i a n i n i d i d a p a t k a n j u g a s a t u o r a n g r e m a j a b e r u s i a 1 8 t a h u n

y a n g m e m i l i k i I M T k u r a n g . l a m e m i l i k i t i n g g i 1 7 0 c m d a n b e r a t b a d a n 4 7 k g .

U n t u k u s i a 1 8 t a h u n l a k i - l a k i d e n g a n t i n g g i 1 7 0 c m b e r d a s a r k a n g r a f i k C D C

b e r a t b a d a n i d e a l n y a a d a l a h 5 6 k g . S e l a i n I M T l i n g k a r l e n g a n a t a s n y a p u n

k u r a n g k a r e n a h a n y a 2 2 c m ( n i l a i n o r m a l > 2 3 , 5 c m ) . M e n u r u t A r i y a n i ( 2 0 1 2 )

u k u r a n i i n g k a r l e n g a n a t a s y a n g l e b i h b e s a r m e m p u n y a i i n d e k s m a s s a t u b u h

y a n g b e s a r p u l a . H a l i n i b e r k a i t a n d e n g a n k o m p o s i s i p a d a l i n g k a r l e n g a n a t a s

y a n g t e r d i r i d a r i t u l a n g , o t o t , d a n l e m a k . S e d a n g k a n y a n g t e r j a d i p a d a a n a k

r e m a j a 1 8 t a h u n i n i k e m u n g k i n a n m a s s a l e m a k n y a k u r a n g d i s e b a b k a n o l e h

d e f i s i e n s i g i z i . I M T a k a n b e r t a m b a h j i k a a s u p a n g i z i d a n l a t i h a n o t o t

b e r t a m b a h . M e n u r u t S o e t j i n i n g s i h ( 2 0 1 5 ) p e r t u m b u h a n a n a k l a k i - l a k i d i m u l a i

u s i a 1 0 t a h u n d a n a k a n b e r h e n t i t u m b u h p a d a u s i a 2 0 t a h u n . U n t u k a n a k

r e m a j a 1 8 t a h u n i n i k e m u n g k i n a n i a a k a n t e r u s t u m b u h s a m p a i u s i a 2 0 t a h u n .

B i l a t i n g g i b a d a n b e r t a m b a h t a p i b e r a t b a d a n t i d a k b e r t a m b a h m a k a I M T

a k a n s e m a k i n k e c i l .

N i l a i r a t a - r a t a l i n g k a r l e n g a n a t a s s e l u r u h a t l e t t a e k w o n d o l a k i - l a k i

P a l e m b a n g y a n g d i t e l i t i d i d a p a t k a n y a i t u 2 3 , 4 6 c m . R a t a - r a t a l i n g k a r l e n g a n

a t a s a t l e t t a e k w o n d o C r o a t i a n p r i a a d a l a h 2 5 , 6 c m ( C u l a r , 2 0 1 3 ) . D a n r a t a -

r a t a l i n g k a r l e n g a n a t a s a t l e t t a e k w o n d o P o l a n d i a p r i a a d a l a h 2 5 , 4 c m

( S a d o w s k i , 2 0 1 2 ) . J i k a d i b a n d i n g k a n d e n g a n r a t a - r a t a l i n g k a r l e n g a n a t a s

a t l e t t a e k w o n d o C r o a t i a p r i a d a n a t l e t t a e k w o n d o P o l a n d i a p r i a , m a k a r a t a -

r a t a l i n g k a r l e n g a n a t a s a t l e t t a e k w o n d o P a l e m b a n g ( 2 3 , 4 6 ) l e b i h k e c i l .

U n t u k n i l a i r a t a - r a t a l i n g k a r l e n g a n a t a s p e r e m p u a n a t l e t t a e k w o n d o

P a l e m b a n g y a i t u 2 5 , 7 5 c m . P a d a p e n e l i t i a n B a e K i m ( 2 0 1 5 ) a t l e t t a e k w o n d o

p e r e m p u a n d i K o r e a m e m i l i k i r a t a - r a t a l i n g k a r l e n g a n a t a s y a i t u 2 8 , 0 c m . J i k a

d i b a n d i n g k a n d e n g a n a t l e t t a e k w o n d o y a n g d i t e l i t i B a e K i m m a k a l i n g k a r

l e n g a n a t a s a t l e t t a e k w o n d o P a l e m b a n g l e b i h k e c i l .

30

J i k a d i b e d a k a n l a k i - l a k i d a n p e r e m p u a n m e n u r u t u s i a m a k a n i l a i r a t a - r a t a

l i n g k a r l e n g a n a t a s a t l e t t a e k w o n d o p e r e m p u a n < 2 0 t a h u n y a i t u 2 6 , 3 8 ± 3 , 7 .

M e n u r u t C D C ( 2 0 0 8 ) l i n g k a r l e n g a n a t a s p e r e m p u a n < 2 0 t a h u n n i l a i r a t a -

r a t a n y a y a i t u 2 9 , 4 ± 0 , 5 1 . J i k a d i b a n d i n g k a n d e n g a n n i l a i r e f e r e n s i m a k a n i l a i

r a t a - r a t a a t l e t P a l e m b a n g l e b i h k e c i l . U n t u k n i l a i r a t a - r a t a l i n g k a r l e n g a n a t a s

l a k i - l a k i < 2 0 t a h u n y a i t u 2 1 , 6 9 ± 2 , 1 . S e d a n g k a n m e n u r u t C D C ( 2 0 0 8 ) n i l a i

r a t a - r a t a l i n g k a r l e n g a n a t a s l a k i - l a k i < 2 0 t a h u n y a i t u 3 2 , 4 ± 0 , 4 1 . H a s i l i n i

m e n u n j u k k a n b a h w a n i l a i r a t a - r a t a a t l e t P a l e m b a n g l e b i h k e c i l . U n t u k n i l a i

r a t a - r a t a l i n g k a r l e n g a n a t a s p e r e m p u a n > 2 0 t a h u n y a i t u 2 3 , 2 5 ± 0 , 3 5 .

M e n u r u t C D C ( 2 0 0 8 ) n i l a i r a t a - r a t a l i n g k a r l e n g a n a t a s p e r e m p u a n > 2 0 t a h u n

y a i t u 3 1 , 9 ± 0 , 2 9 . J i k a d i b a n d i n g k a n d e n g a n n i l a i r e f e r e n s i m a k a n i l a i r a t a -

r a t a a t l e t P a l e m b a n g l e b i h k e c i l . S e d a n g k a n u n t u k n i l a i r a t a - r a t a l i n g k a r

l e n g a n a t a s a t l e t l a k i - l a k i > 2 0 t a h u n y a i t u 2 8 , 2 8 ± 4 , 9 . M e n u r u t C D C ( 2 0 0 8 )

n i l a i r a t a - r a t a l i n g k a r l e n g a n a t a s l a k i - l a k i > 2 0 t a h u n y a i t u 3 4 , 6 ±0,17. H a s i l

i n i m e n u n j u k k a n b a h w a n i l a i r a t a - r a t a l i n g k a r l e n g a n a t a s a t l e t t a e k w o n d o

P a l e m b a n g l e b i h k e c i l .

H a l i n i k e m u n g k i n a n d i s e b a b k a n o l e h p e r b e d a a n a s u p a n n u t r i s i d a n

p e r b e d a a n a k t i f i t a s f i s i k ( W o n g , 2 0 1 4 ) . S e r t a k u r a n g n y a l a t i h a n p e n i n g k a t a n

m a s s a o t o t . L a t i h a n a t l e t t a e k w o n d o d i P a l e m b a n g s e h a r i d i l a k u k a n 2 - 3 j a m .

S e d a n g k a n d i K o r e a , l a t i h a n t a e k w o n d o d i l a k u k a n 3 - 5 j a m p e r h a r i ( B a e K i m ,

2 0 1 5 ) . J i k a d i l i h a t m a s a w a k t u l a t i h a n n y a , w a k t u l a t i h a n a t l e t t a e k w o n d o

P a l e m b a n g l e b i h s e d i k i t d i b a n d i n g k a n a t l e t t a e k w o n d o K o r e a . P a d a s e o r a n g

d e w a s a m u d a y a n g d i l a t i h b e r j a m - j a m s e c a r a r u t i n m a s s a o t o t n y a m e n g a l a m i

p e n i n g k a t a n ( G u y t o n , 2 0 1 2 ) .

S a l a h s a t u j e n i s p e n i n g k a t k a n m a s s a o t o t l e n g a n a t a s y a i t u push-up.

Push-up a d a l a h s u a t u j e n i s s e n a m k e k u a t a n y a n g b e r f u n g s i u n t u k m e n g u a t k a n

o t o t b i s e p m a u p i m t r i s e p . Push-up i n i b e n t u k l a t i h a n n y a m e n g g i m a k a n

k e k u a t a n o t o t l e n g a n d e n g a n b e b a n d i r i s e n d i r i ( M u h a j i r , 2 0 0 5 ) . D e n g a n

a d a n y a p e m b e b a n a n p a d a o t o t - o t o t l e n g a n s a a t p e l a t i h a n push-up, m a k a a k a n

m e n g a k i b a t k a n t e r j a d i n y a p e n i n g k a t a n m a s s a o t o t , d a n s e r a b u t o t o t l e n g a n

y a n g d a p a t m e n i n g k a t k a n k e k u a t a n o t o t l e n g a n . P e l a t i h a n k e k u a t a n i n i a k a n

31

m e n g a k i b a t k a n p e n i n g k a t a n k e m a m p u a n d a n r e s p o n s fisiologis, a n t a r a l a i n

a d a l a h h y p e r t r o p y ( p e m b e s a r a n ) o t o t , a d a p t a s i s e l - s e l , d a y a t a h a n o t o t , d a n

a d a p t a s i k a r d i o v a s k u l e r ( S u k a d i y a n t o , 2 0 1 1 ) . P a d a a t l e t t a e k w o n d o

P a l e m b a n g j u g a m e l a k u k a n l a t i h a n push-up s a m p a i 2 0 k a l i d a n s e t e l a h n y a

b a n y a k m e l a k u k a n p e l a t i h a n k e l i n c a h a n k a k i . L a t i h a n p u s h - u p a d a l a h s u a t u

l a t i h a n k e k u a t a n fisik y a n g l a z i m d i t e m u i d i s e t i a p c a b a n g o l a h r a g a i l m u

b e l a d i r i s e p e r t i t a e k w o n d o . S e h a r i p u s h - u p b i s a d i l a k u k a n 3 0 - 1 0 0 k a l i . J i k a

d i l i h a t l a t i h a n push-up t a e k w o n d o P a l e m b a n g , l a t i h a n p u s h - u p 2 0 k a l i i t u

t e r m a s u k s e d i k i t .

P a d a l a t i h a n t a e k w o n d o , t e k n i k p e n y e r a n g a n s e r i n g d i l a k u k a n . T e k n i k

p e n y e r a n g a n t e r s e b u t b e r u p a Jereugi ( p u k u l a n ) , chigi ( s a b e t a n ) , chireugi

( t u s u k a n ) , d a n chagi ( t e n d a n g a n ) . L a t i h a n p e n y e r a n g a n p a d a t a e k w o n d o y a n g

m e n g g u n a k a n g e r a k a n t a n g a n i n i d a p a t m e n i n g k a t k a n d a n m e n g u a t k a n o t o t -

o t o t b i c e p s d a n t r i c e p s . H a l t e r s e b u t d a p a t m e m p e n g a r u h i l i n g k a r l e n g a n a t a s

a t l e t - a t l e t t a e k w o n d o , s e h i n g g a l i n g k a r l e n g a n a t a s t a e k w o n d o b i s a l e b i h

b e s a r d a r i n o r m a l . P a d a a t l e t t a e k w o n d o P a l e m b a n g d i d a p a t k a n 6 o r a n g y a n g

m e m i l i k i l i n g k a r l e n g a n a t a s l e b i h n o r m a l k a r e n a k e m u n g k i n a n l e n g a n

a t a s n y a s u d a h t e r j a d i h i p e r t r o p i o t o t . M e n u r u t G u y t o n ( 2 0 1 2 ) p a d a s e o r a n g

d e w a s a m u d a y a n g d i l a t i h b e r j a m - j a m s e c a r a r u t i n m a s s a o t o t n y a m e n g a l a m i

p e n i n g k a t a n .

4.3 Keterbatasan Penelitian

P e n e l i t i a n i n i t i d a k m e n g u k u r l i n g k a r p e r u t d a n l i n g k a r b o k o n g , s e h i n g g a

t i d a k d a p a t m e n i l a i a p a k a h k e l e b i h a n l i n g k a r l e n g a n a t a s d a n I M T t e r j a d i

a k i b a t p e n u m p u k k a n I e m a k a t a u k a r e n a m a s s a o t o t y a n g b e r l e b i h .

BAB V

KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN

5.1 Kesimpulan

D a r i h a s i l p e n e l i t i a n d a p a t d i s i m p u l k a n b a h w a :

1 . B e r a t b a d a n a t l e t t a e k w o n d o p a l i n g b a n y a k a d a l a h 5 0 - 5 9 k g y a i t u

( 3 0 , 6 % ) . N i l a i r a t a - r a t a b e r a t b a d a n a t l e t t a e k w o n d o p r i a y a i t u 52,3± 1 2 , 7 5

d a n a t l e t w a n i t a y a i t u 58,2±14,4.

2 . I M T n o r m a l p a d a a t l e t t a e k w o n d o P a l e m b a n g y a i t u s e b a n y a k 8 3 , 3 % , I M T

y a n g k u r a n g y a i t u 2 , 8 %, d a n I M T y a n g b e r l e b i h y a i t u 1 3 , 9 % .

3 . U n t u k l i n g k a r l e n g a n a t a s y a n g n o r m a l a t l e t t a e k w o n d o P a l e m b a n g y a i t u

s e b a n y a k 8 0 , 6 %. L i n g k a r l e n g a n a t a s y a n g k u r a n g y a i t u t e r d i r i 2 , 8 %,

d a n y a n g m e m i l i k i l i n g k a r l e n g a n a t a s b e r l e b i h y a i t u 1 6 , 7 %. P a d a a t l e t

t a e k w o n d o P a l e m b a n g p a l i n g b a n y a k m e m i l i k i l i n g k a r l e n g a n a t a s 2 3 c m

y a i t u 2 0 %.

4 . D a r i 3 6 a t l e t t a e k w o n d o , s e b a n y a k 15 o r a n g y a n g m e m e n u h i k r i t e r i a

a n t r o p o m e t r i p e r t a n d i n g a n t a e k w o n d o n a s i o n a l u s i a > 1 7 t a h u n , d a n

s e b a n y a k 15 o r a n g a t l e t y a n g m e m e n u h i k r i t e r i a u n t u k u s i a 1 4 - 1 7 t a h u n .

5.2 Saran

1 . K e p a d a K O N I d i h a r a p k a n l e b i h m e m a n t a u k o n d i s i t u b u h p a r a a t l e t n y a

a g a r p e r f o r m a a t l e t n y a l e b i h b a i k l a g i .

2 . D i h a r a p k a n d i l a k u k a n n y a p e n e l i t i a n l e b i h l a n j u t m e n g e n a i h u b u n g a n

a n t r o p o m e t r i a t l e t t a e k w o n d o d e n g a n p r e s t a s i n y a .

32

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G h o r b a n z a d e h , B e h r o u z . 2 0 1 1 . Determination of Taekwondo National Team Selection Criterions by Measuring Physical and Physiological Parameters. A n n a l s o f B i o l o g i c a l R e s e a r c h . 2 ( 6 ) : 1 8 4 - 1 9 7 .

G u y t o n , A r t h u r . 2 0 1 2 . Buku Ajar Fisiologi Kedokteran Edisi 11. J a k a r t a : E G C .

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H e l m i , Z . N . 2 0 1 2 . Buku Ajar Gangguan Muskuloskeletal. J a k a r t a : S e l e m b a M e d i k a .

I n d r i a t i , E t y . 2 0 1 0 . Antropometri untuk Kedokteran dan Keperawatan. Y o g y a k a r t a : C i t r a A j i P r a t a m a .

K a z e m i , M o h s e n . 2 0 0 6 . A Profile of Olympic Taekwondo Competitors. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine. C S S I , 1 1 4 - 1 2 1 .

L a i l a n i , T . M . 2 0 1 3 . Hubungan Antara Peningkatan Indeks Massa Tubuh Dengan Kejadian Nyeri Punggung Bawah Pada Pasien Rawat Jalan di Poliklinik Saraf RSUD Dokter Soedarso Pontianak. Jurnal Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Tanjungpura.

M a r k o v i c , G o r a n . 2 0 0 5 . Fitness Profile of Elite Croation Female Taekwondo Athletes. Coll. Antropol 2 9 . 1 . 9 3 - 9 9 .

M u h a j i r . 2 0 0 5 . Pendidikan Jasmani Olahraga dan Kesehatan. J a k a r t a : Y u d i s t i r a .

P a u l s e n F , J . W a s c h k e . 2 0 1 2 . Sobotta Atlas Anatomi Manusia : Anatomi Umum dan Sistem Muskuloskeletal Edisi 23. J a k a r t a : E G C .

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S a d o w s k i , J e r z y . 2 0 1 2 . Succes Factors in elite WTF Taekwondo Competitors. Science of Martial Arts.N olume 2 I S S U E 3 . 1 4 1 - 1 4 6 .

S a s t r o a s m o r o , S u d i g d o . 2 0 1 1 . Dasar-dasar Metodologi Penelitian Klinis Edisi Ke-4. J a k a r t a : S a g u n g S e t o .

S h e n W , S t - O n g e M , W a n g Z , H e y m s f i e l d S B . 2 0 0 5 . Study of Body Composition: An Overview. In: Heymsfield SB, Lohman TG, Wang Z, Going SB, editors. Human Body Composition. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, p p . 3 - 1 4 .

S h e r w o o d , L a u r a l e e . 2 0 1 1 . Fisiologi Manusia dari Sel ke Sistem. J a k a r t a : E G C .

35

S o e t j i n i n g s i h . 2 0 1 5 . Tumbuh Kembang Anak Edisi 2. J a k a r t a : EGC.

S u g o n o , A r d i a n t o . 2 0 0 8 . Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia. J a k a r t a : P u s a t B a h a s a D e p a r t e m e n P e n d i d i k a n N a s i o n a l R e p u b l i k I n d o n e s i a .

S u k a d i y a n t o . 2 0 1 1 . Pengantar Teori dan Metodologi Melatih Fisik. B a n d u n g : L u b u k A g u n g .

W H O . 2 0 0 4 . Appropriate Body Mass Index for Asian Populations and its Implications for Policy and Intervention Strategies. T h e L a n c e t V o l . 3 6 3 .

W o n S e o , M y o n g . 2 0 1 5 . Effect of 8 weeks of preseason training on body composition, physical fitness, anaerobic capacity, and isokinetic muscle strength in male and female collegiate taekwondo athletes. Journal of Exercise Rehabilitation 11(2): 101-107.

W o n g , M . 2 0 1 4 . Ethnic and Geographic Variations in Muscle mass. Muscle Strength and Physical Performance Measures. J o u r n a l E u r o p e a n U n i o n G e r i a t r i c M e d i c i n e S o c i e t y . V o l u m e 5 , I s s u e 3 , P a g e s 1 5 5 - 1 6 4

Lampiran 1. Data Atlet

N o . I n i s i a l U m u r B B T B I M T L I L A J K 1 . M G S 1 1 3 2 1 4 2 1 5 . 8 6 1 7 L K 2 . M M 1 1 3 0 1 4 0 1 5 . 3 1 8 L K 3 . P A 1 2 3 4 1 4 6 1 5 . 9 5 2 0 L K 4 . M A L 1 2 3 3 1 3 6 1 7 . 8 4 1 9 L K 5 . M A P 1 2 5 0 1 4 9 2 2 . 5 2 2 3 L K 6 . M G F 1 4 4 5 1 5 8 1 8 . 0 2 1 9 L K 7 . M A B 15 4 5 1 6 4 1 6 . 7 3 2 1 L K 8 . M R O 15 4 5 1 6 1 1 7 . 3 6 2 1 L K 9 . D A 15 5 0 1 6 3 1 8 . 8 1 2 3 L K 1 0 . Y P 15 5 0 1 5 6 2 0 . 5 4 2 4 L K 1 1 . M S D 15 4 5 1 5 8 1 8 . 0 2 2 1 L K 1 2 . A E 1 6 5 6 1 7 0 1 9 . 3 7 2 4 L K 1 3 . A C 1 7 6 2 1 8 3 1 8 . 5 1 2 4 L K 1 4 . A B 1 7 5 0 1 6 8 1 7 . 7 1 2 3 L K 1 5 . R A 1 7 6 2 1 6 7 2 2 . 2 3 2 3 L K 1 6 . M P 1 7 5 0 1 6 4 1 8 . 5 9 2 3 L K 1 7 . M F T T 1 8 4 7 1 7 0 1 6 . 2 6 2 2 L K 1 8 . M R 1 8 4 8 1 6 0 1 8 . 7 5 2 3 . 6 L K 1 9 . M A M 1 8 6 1 1 7 9 1 9 . 0 3 2 3 . 6 L K 2 0 . B Y 2 1 6 1 1 6 2 2 3 . 2 4 2 6 L K 2 1 . T O 2 3 5 9 1 7 1 2 0 . 1 7 2 6 L K 2 2 . E O 2 3 6 2 1 7 ! 2 1 . 2 2 7 L K 2 3 . A G 2 4 7 3 1 8 2 2 2 . 0 3 2 7 . 6 L K 2 4 . R H 2 6 6 1 1 6 3 2 2 . 9 5 2 6 L K 2 5 . N H 2 9 8 4 1 7 3 2 8 . 0 6 3 9 . 4 L K 2 6 . A S 3 4 6 5 1 7 8 2 0 . 5 1 2 6 L K 2 1 . H V 2 0 5 3 1 6 4 1 9 . 7 2 3 . 5 P R 2 8 . A T 2 4 4 4 1 5 4 1 8 . 5 5 2 3 P R

D C 1 0 3 0 1 4 0 1 5 . 3 1 9 P R 3 0 . O V 1 4 6 0 1 6 1 2 3 . 1 4 2 6 P R 3 1 . V M 1 7 7 7 1 6 2 2 9 . 3 4 3 0 P R 3 2 . F A 1 7 5 4 1 6 9 1 8 . 9 2 3 P R 3 3 . S A R 1 7 7 5 1 7 0 2 5 . 9 5 2 9 P R 3 4 . S E R 1 8 5 9 1 5 9 2 3 . 3 3 2 7 P R 3 5 . M D N 1 9 5 8 1 5 7 2 3 . 5 3 2 7 P R 3 6 . M L S 1 9 7 2 1 6 5 2 6 . 4 4 3 0 P R

37

Frequency Table

Jents Kelamin

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative

Percent Valid Laki-laki 26 72.2 72.2 72.2

Perempuan 10 27.8 27.8 100.0 Total 36 100.0 100,0

Umur MIet

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative

Percent Valid Remaja awal (10-12) 6 16.7 16.7 16.7

Remaja tengah (13-15) 7 19.4 19.4 36.1 Remaja akhir (16-18) 12 33.3 33,3 69.4 Dewasa (>18) 11 30.6 30 6 100.0 Total 36 100.0 100.0

IMT Dewasa

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative

Percent Valid Normal 7 63.6 63.6 63.6

Overweight 2 18,2 18.2 81.8 Obesitas tipe 1 2 18.2 18.2 1000 Total 11 100.0 100.0

IMT Remaja

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative

Percent Valid Underweight 1 4.0 4.0 4.0

Normal 23 92.0 92.0 96.0 Overweight 1 4.0 4.0 100.0 Total 25 100.0 100,0

statistics

IMT N Valid 36

Missing 0 Mean 20.2706 Median 19.2000 Mode 15.30' Std. Deviation 3.52770 Sum 729.74

Lila 10-14 tahun

Frequencv Percent Valid Percent Cumulative

Percent Valid Normal 6 75.0 75.0 76.0

Lebih 2 25.0 25.0 100.0 Total 8 100,0 100.0

LHa 15-17tahun

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative

Percent Valid Normal 11 84.6 84.6 84.6

Lebih 2 15.4 15.4 100.0 Total 13 100.0 1G0.0

Lila pria 18-34 tahun

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative

Percent Valid kurang 1 10.0 10,0 10.0

Normal 8 80.0 80.0 90.0 Lebih 1 10.0 1Q.0 100.G Total 10 100.0 100.0

Lila wanita 18-34 tahun

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative

Percent Valid Normal 4 80.0 80.0 80.0

Lebih 1 20.0 20.0 100.0 Total 5 100.0 100.0

statistics

BB PRIA LILA PRIA N Valid 26 26

Missing 0 0 Mean 52.308 23,469 Median 50.000 23.000 Mode 50.0 23.0 Std. Deviation 12.7523 4.2667 Sum 1360.G 610.2

Statistics

BB Wanita LILA Wanita N Valid 10 10

Missing 0 0 Mean 58.2000 25.7500 Median 58.5000 26 5000 Mode 30.00- 23.00-Std. Deviation 14.42066 3.58430 Sum 582.00 257.50

Statistics

N Valid 19 Missing 0

Mean 21.695 Median 23.000 Mode 23.0 Std, Deviation 2.1902 Sum 412.2

Statistics

LI[APria>2nth N Valid 7

Missing G Mean 28.286 Median 26.000 Mode 26.0 Std. Deviation 4,9421 Sum 198.0

statistics

I IIAWanita<7nth N Valid 8

Missing 0 Mean 26,3750 Median 27.0000 Mode 27.00-Std. Deviation 3.77728 Sum 211.00

Statistics

111 A Wanita >7nth N Valid 2

Missing 0 Mean 23.2500 Median 23.2500 Mode 23.00-Std. Deviation .35355 Sum 46.50

Berat Badan Atlet

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative

Percent Valid 30-39 5 13.9 13.9 13,9

40-49 7 19,4 19.4 33.3 50-59 11 30.6 30.6 63.9 60-69 8 22.2 22.2 86.1 70-79 4 11.1 11.1 97.2 80-89 1 2.8 2.8 100.0 Total 36 100.0 100.0

1 .

G a m b a r 2 . M e t e r a n

G a m b a r 5 . A t l e t t a e k w o n d o l a t i h a n s o r e

G a m b a r 8 . P e n g u k u r a n b e r a t b a d a n

G a m b a r 9 . P e n g u k u r a n l i n g k a r l e n g a n a t a s

Lembaran Observasional

I . Identitas responden

N a m a :

J e n i s k e l a m i n :

U m u r :

I I . Data pengukuran

B e r a t b a d a n :

T i n g g i b a d a n :

L i n g k a r l e n g a n a t a s :

I n d e k s m a s s a t u b u h :

GAMBARAN ANTROPOMETRI ATLET TAEKWONDO DI PALEMBANG

A s s a l a m u a l a i k u m W r . W b . S a l a m s e j a h t e r a b a g i k i t a s e m u a .

K e p a d a s a u d a r i , s a y a u c a p k a n t e r i m a k a s i h s e b e s a r - b e s a m y a a t a s k e s e d i a a n y a m e l u a n g k a n w a k t u u n t u k m e n g i s i s u r a t p e r s e t u j u a n i n i .

S a y a a d a l a h m a h a s i s w i F a k u l t a s K e d o k t e r a n U n i v e r s i t a s M u h a m m a d i y a h P a l e m b a n g y a n g s e d a n g m e n g e r j a k a n p e n e l i t i a n s e b a g a i s a l a h s a t u k e w a j i b a n u n t u k m e n y e l e s a i k a n p e n d i d i k a n d i F a k u l t a s K e d o k t e r a n .

A d a p u n j u d u l p e n e l i t i a n s a y a a d a l a h Gambaran Antropometri Atlet Taekwondo di Palembang. T u j u a n d a r i p e n e l i t i a n i n i a d a l a h u n t u k m e n g e t a h u i a n t r o p o m e t r i t u b u h a t l e t t a e k w o n d o . U n t u k i t u s a y a m e m o h o n k e s e d i a a n s a u d a r i u n t u k i k u t s e r t a d a l a m p e n e l i t i a n i n i , y a i t u s e b a g a i r e s p o n d e n . S a y a a k a n m e l a k u k a n p e n g u k u r a n b e r a t b a d a n , t i n g g i b a d a n , l i n g k a r l e n g a n a t a s , l i n g k a r b e t i s d a n l i n g k a r p a h a . D a t a y a n g s a u d a r i b e r i k a n h a n y a u n t u k k e p e n t i n g a n p e n e l i t i a n , b u k a n u n t u k d i p u b l i k a s i k a n . D e m i k i a n k a m i b e r i t a h u k a n , a t a s k e s e d i a a n s a u d a r i s a y a u c a p k a n t e r i m a k a s i h y a n g s e b e s a r -b e s a m y a . S e m o g a p a r t i s i p a s i s a u d a r i d a l a m p e n e l i t i a n i n i m e m b a w a m a n f a a t b e s a r b a g i k i t a s e m u a .

W a s s a l a m u a l a i k u m W r . W b . P e n e l i t i

S U R A T P E R S E T U J U A N {INFORMED CONSENT)

S a y a y a n g b e r t a n d a t a n g a n d i b a w a h i n i :

N a m a : U s i a : A l a m a t :

D e n g a n i n i b e r s e d i a u n t u k m e n j a d i r e s p o n d e n d a l a m p e n e l i t i a n i n i , t a n p a a d a n y a p a k s a a n d a r i p i h a k m a n a p u n . S a y a a k a n m e n j a w a b s e l u r u h p e r t a n y a a n y a n g d i b e r i k a n o l e h p e n e l i t i d e n g a n j u j u r d a n a p a a d a n y a , s e r t a p a r t i s i p a s i i n i s a y a l a k u k a n i k h l a s t a n p a m e n g h a r a p k a n i m b a l a n / p a m r i h .

P a l e m b a n g , 2 0 1 5

( )

GAMBARAN ANTROPOMETRI ATLET TAEKWONDO DI PALEMBANG

A s s a l a m u a l a i k u m W r . W b . S a l a m s e j a h t e r a b a g i k i t a s e m u a .

K e p a d a s a u d a r i , s a y a u c a p k a n t e r i m a k a s i h s e b e s a r - b e s a m y a a t a s k e s e d i a a n y a m e l u a n g k a n w a k t u u n t u k m e n g i s i s u r a t p e r s e t u j u a n i n i .

S a y a a d a l a h m a h a s i s w i F a k u l t a s K e d o k t e r a n U n i v e r s i t a s M u h a m m a d i y a h P a l e m b a n g y a n g s e d a n g m e n g e r j a k a n p e n e l i t i a n s e b a g a i s a l a h s a t u k e w a j i b a n u n t u k m e n y e l e s a i k a n p e n d i d i k a n d i F a k u l t a s K e d o k t e r a n .

A d a p u n j u d u l p e n e l i t i a n s a y a a d a l a h Gambaran Antropometri Atlet Taekwondo di Palembang. T u j u a n d a r i p e n e l i t i a n i n i a d a l a h u n t u k m e n g e t a h u i a n t r o p o m e t r i t u b u h a t l e t t a e k w o n d o . U n t u k i t u s a y a m e m o h o n k e s e d i a a n s a u d a r i u n t u k i k u t s e r t a d a l a m p e n e l i t i a n i n i , y a i t u s e b a g a i r e s p o n d e n . S a y a a k a n m e l a k u k a n p e n g u k u r a n b e r a t b a d a n , t i n g g i b a d a n , d a n l i n g k a r l e n g a n a t a s . D a t a y a n g s a u d a r i b e r i k a n h a n y a u n t u k k e p e n t i n g a n p e n e l i t i a n , b u k a n u n t u k d i p u b l i k a s i k a n . D e m i k i a n k a m i b e r i t a h u k a n , a t a s k e s e d i a a n s a u d a r i s a y a u c a p k a n t e r i m a k a s i h y a n g s e b e s a r -b e s a m y a . S e m o g a p a r t i s i p a s i s a u d a r i d a l a m p e n e l i t i a n i n i m e m b a w a m a n f a a t b e s a r b a g i k i t a s e m u a .

W a s s a l a m u a l a i k u m W r . W b . P e n e l i t i

S U R A T P E R S E T U J U A N {INFORMED CONSENT)

S a y a y a n g b e r t a n d a t a n g a n d i b a w a h i n i :

N a m a : N a m a a n a k : U s i a a n a k : A l a m a t

D e n g a n i n i b e r s e d i a u n t u k m e n j a d i r e s p o n d e n d a l a m p e n e l i t i a n i n i , t a n p a a d a n y a p a k s a a n d a r i p i h a k m a n a p u n . S a y a a k a n m e n j a w a b s e l u r u h p e r t a n y a a n y a n g d i b e r i k a n o l e h p e n e l i t i d e n g a n j u j u r d a n a p a a d a n y a , s e r t a p a r t i s i p a s i i n i s a y a l a k u k a n i k h l a s t a n p a m e n g h a r a p k a n i m b a l a n / p a m r i h .

P a l e m b a n g , 2 0 1 5

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F A K U L T A S K E D O K T E R A N UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH PALEMBANG

:;^.-^ ^ SK. DIRJEN DlKTl NO, 2130 / D / T / ZOOS TGL. 11 JUL! ZOQS: 121N PENYELEMCGAR.A PROGRAM STUDI PENDIDIKAN DOKTER

Kampus B : Jl KH. Bhalqi / Talang Banten 13 Ulu Telp. 0711 -520045 Fax . 0711 516899 Palembang ( 30263 )

Nomor Lampiran: -Perihal

Kepada

Palembang, 26 Oktober 2015. •Jfi^l /I-13/FK-UMPA/2015

Mohon izin Penelitian

Yth. Sdr. Ketua Pengurus Provlnsi Taekwondo Indonesia Sumatera Selatan Di Palembang.

Assalamu'alaikum. Wr. Wb. Ba'da salam, semoga kita semua mendapatkan rahmat dan hidayah dari Allah SWT, Amin Ya Robbal Alamln,

Sehubungan dengan rencana pelaksanaan penelitian dan penyusunan skrlpsi mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Muhammadiyah Palembang, atas nama :

Nama : Sulthanah Anisah. NIM : 702012 036 Jurusan : Ilmu Kedokteran Judul Skripsi : Gambaran Antropometri Atlek Taekwondo di Palembang.

Maka dengan ini kami mohon kepada Saudara agar kiranya berkenan memberikan ijin penelitian yang O

dibutuhkan dalam penyusunan skripsi kepada nama tersebut diatas di Lanud TNI Angkatan Udara Palembang.

Demikian, atas perhatian dan kerjasamanya dlucapkan terima kasih.

Blllahlttaufig Walhidayah. Wassalamu'alaikum. Wr. Wb.

Tembusan: 1. Yth. Wakil Dekan I, II, III, IV FK UMP. 2. Yth. Ka. UPKFKUMP.

NBM/NIDN. 1062484/0020084707

KARTU AKTIVITAS BIMBINGAN PROPOSAL PENELITIAN NAMA MAHASISWA : ^oV^VaaaV^ j^•^^zo.V^ PEMBIMBING! : A*-- fAiVoya/^^ H S\.MeJ,. NIM : To 2 0 l ^ 0 3,a> PEMBIMBING II : Ac \RA.Tftni;Vv , H-Kes

JUDUL PROPOSAL : gornbarQo AoVropoYrxetr^ Me^: TaeZuoor^o

C A T A T A N : Dikeluarkan di : Palembang Pada Tanggal : IS / i / TAU-a.n. Dekan

:XetLia/UPK, * .

41 fi A '•'

BIODATA

N a m a : S u l t h a n a h A n i s a h

T e m p a t T a n g g a l L a h i r : B a l i k p a p a n , 3 0 M a r e t 1 9 9 4

A l a m a t : P e r u m a h a n P e s o n a M u s i I n d a h B l o k A 1 2 K e r t a p a t i

P a l e m b a n g

T e l p / H p : 0 8 1 2 4 5 6 4 5 2 3 8

E m a i l : s u l t a n _ m o l l y ( ( f ) y a h o o . c o m

A g a m a : I s l a m

N a m a O r a n g T u a

A y a h : S y a c h r u d d i n M . N o o r

I b u : N i r w a n a

J u m l a h S a u d a r a

A n a k K e

R i w a y a t P e n d i d i k a n

3

2

T K T A M A N I N D R I A S e i . G e r o n g

S D P A T R A M A N D I R I 3 S e i . G e r o n g

S M P N 15 P A L E M B A N G

S M A N 1 P A L E M B A N G

P a l e m b a n g , 1 1 S e p t e m b e r 2 0 1 5