3-cara kerja herbisida paling lengkap

8/20/2019 3-Cara Kerja Herbisida Paling Lengkap

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Herbicide Modes and Action

and Symptoms on Plants

Richard Smith, Farm Advisor

University of California Cooperative Extension


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and Symptoms on Plants•

their modes of action• Show exam les of the t es of s m toms

that various herbicides cause on plants

From excess rate or inappropriate rate to certainsoil types

From mistakes in application to the wrong crop

rom carryover rom pr or app ca ons, or

inadequate soil preparation, etc.

From drift


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and Symptoms•

2,4D – hay, turf

dicamba (Banvel) - hay

triclopyr (Garlon) – turf, woody plant control


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and Symptoms•

sethoxdim (Poast) – grass selective, does notaffect broadleaf plants

cycloate (RoNeet) - spinach

EPTC (Eptam) – beans (effective on yellow

bensulide (Prefar) – lettuce, cole crops, onions,

cilantro, etc.

glyphosate (Roundup)

rimsulfuron (Matrix) - tomatoes


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and Symptoms•

Pronamide (Kerb) – head lettuce

DCPA (Dacthal) – broccoli, onions

trif luralin (Treflan) – tomatoes, rapinni

s-metolachlor (Dual Magnum) – spinach, beans Dimethenamid (Outlook) – onions (controls yellow

nutsedge)


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and Symptoms•

inhibitors Oxyfluorfen (Goal) – cole crops

Paraquat (Gramaxone) – burn down, prior to

planting nuron orox – ce ery

prometryn (Caparol) – celery

–


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Plant growth regulators• 2,4D

• –

• triclopyr (Garlon) – turf, woody plants

ommon y use n ur o con ro

broadleaf weeds (e.g. clover)

Issues in agriculture not seen much in this

totally incompatible with lettuce

roduction occasionall in Hollister – ha

growing area)


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Plant growth regulators• 2,4D

• –

• triclopyr (Garlon) – turf, woody plants

ymp oms o en nc u e:

exaggerated growth

deformity

stra ed sha ed leaves


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Plant Growth Regulator Symptoms on Lettuce

DicambaDrift from hayTransline symptoms

Carryover in compost


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Probable Phenoxy Symptoms

on Peppers


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Plant Growth Regulatorcarryover in potting soil


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Plant Growth Regulatorcarryover in potting soil


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Lipid and amino acid synthesis

inhibitors•

sethoxdim (Poast) – grass selective cycloate (RoNeet) - spinach

EPTC (Eptam) – beans (effective on yellow

nutsedge ensu e re ar – ettuce, co e crops

Glyphosate (Roundup)

-


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Lipid and amino acid synthesis

inhibitors•

A wide variety of symptoms including deformityof leaves

stunting

shiny leaves (removal of cuticle)• Amino acid inhibition symptoms:

Yellowing

e orm y s rap s ape eaves


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Prefar symptoms in winter are more severe than the summer

Burn on one side of root deformed leaf

Thickening of leaf deformed leaf


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RoNeet Overdose on Spinachtoo high a rate for soil type


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Note deformity of cotyledons, stunting and death


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RoNeet carryover from an aborted spinach crop on

lettuce, li ht soil the lettuce rew out of thesesymptoms very well later in the season)


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RoNeet Damage on Broccolinote the lack of waxy cuticle

RoNeet Untreated Untreated RoNeet


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Yellowing symptoms occur on the growing point of the plant

Glyphosate


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Roundupymptoms on rocco an art c o e


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Roundup Symptoms on Onionnote thickening of base of plant


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Matrix on Lettuce ,

Round up


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Cell division and cell wall

inhibitors•

Pronamide (Kerb) – head lettuce DCPA (Dacthal) – broccoli, onions

s-metolachor (Dual Magnum) – spinach, beans

Dimethenamid (Outlook) – onions (controls yellownutse ge

trif luralin (Treflan) - tomatoes


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Cell division and cell wall

inhibitors•

affect the roots or are absorbed by the shootas the plant emerges through the soil

• Common symptoms include:

Poor root growth “ clubbing of the root”

Stunting

Poor stand of plants

Can also cause deformity of the tops of the plants


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Poor root development with Kerb Untreated


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Classic haloing of cotyledons

usually seen in the early spring


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Kerb affect on the roots of

Spinach

Broccoli


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Accidental application of Dacthal on


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Dual carryover on romaine


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Dual Magnum overdose on

Celery


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Dual PPI on Celernote poor emergence of the roots from the plug in the treated zone


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Dual PPI on Celery


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- -


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Outlook on carrot seedlin ssevere stunting and poor growth

Standard weed program Outlook


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and Symptoms•

inhibitors Oxyfluorfen (Goal) – cole crops

Paraquat (Gramaxone) – burn down, prior to

planting

nuron orox – ce ery

prometryn (Caparol) – celery

–


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and Symptoms•

inhibitors• S m toms can be dramatic

Burned areas or spots on the plant

Yellowing

D ti E l f


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Dramatic Examples of

o osyn e c n orsCommand on Squash and Beets

G l i l d ift


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Goal aerial drift


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Paraquat aerial drift


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Residues of goal in the soil and


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o amageo amage


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o amageo amage


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surface to the undersideof the leaf

Splash from the soil


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p

surface to the undersideRusty color on vein

of the leaf

Bleaching/bronzing of the lower epidermis

Puckered and deformed


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Puckered and deformed

lower leaves with some

necrosis


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Affected seedlin s can be stunted and set back


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Typical sign of Goal residues

winter applications of Goal

cannot be worked at

thoroughly as 40 inch wide

beds and therefore the residues

are not inactivated and cancause thinning out of the stand,

of the bed


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looks good

aggressively

Middle of the bed is

more difficult to

thoroughly workand has

more Issues with

carryover


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Classic burning at soil lineClassic burning at soil line

Affected leaves often form a loopAffected leaves often form a loop


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Affected leaves often form a loop Affected leaves often form a loop


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RoNeet Damage Goal Damage


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c e s ape an

burned off at tips

no burn at soil line

Can look similar to RoNeet

but with burn at the soil line

Goal residues in the Soil and Symptoms on Spinach Plants


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Scatterplot by Level Code

1.11

Oxyfluorfen Concentrations in Soil 0Oxyfluorfen Concentrations in Soil 0--2 Inch Depth2 Inch Depth

0.91 p p m

p p m

. ppm. ppm

0.71

C o l_

f

l u o r f e n

f

l u o r f e n

0.31

0.51 o x o x

..

Col_1B G Affected Unaffected


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Substantial Damage Observed in thisInstance at:

0.16 to 0.35 ppm

(0.10 to 0.23 lbs a.i./A)


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At application, 0.50 lb

a.i./A of Goal is

concentrated in the

top 1/8 to ¼ inch


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Incorporating Goal to

2 inches dilutes it by a

factor of 8-16


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Incorporating Goal to

factor of 16 - 30

Impact of Organic Matter/Carbon


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With

Charcoal

Without

Use of Goal on Onions and Broccoli


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,

they shed the herbicide and are lessdamaged than the weeds


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st nd

Goal burn on onions


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oa oa en er

1

st

true leaf


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Goal Applied to Broccoli


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ppNote burned areas on leaf

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