1.androidintro

7/30/2019 1.AndroidIntro

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/1androidintro 1/82

Android

Mengenal AndroidOleh: Pius Anggoro



Topik

1. Apakah ANDROID itu?2. Asal mula ANDROID3. Perangkat yang menggunakan ANDROID4. Versi ANDROID5. Arsitektur ANDROID6. Aplikasi di ANDROID

7. Membangun aplikasi ANDROID



Topik

1. Apakah ANDROID itu?2. Asal mula ANDROID3. Perangkat yang menggunakan ANDROID4. Versi ANDROID5. Arsitektur ANDROID6. Aplikasi di ANDROID




Apakah ANDROID itu?



Apakah ANDROID itu?

• Android merupakan sekumpulan software untuk perangkat bergerak ( mobile device ) yang

di dalamnya, terdapat:sistem operasi,middleware ,key applications



• Berdasarkan kernel sistem operasi Linux untukmenyediakan layanan sistem:

Manajemen ProsesManajemen MemoriManajemen DayaDriver HardwareKeamanan

• Dikembangkan oleh Google yang kemudianberkolaborasi dengan ” the Open Handset Alliance(OHA) ”

Apakah ANDROID itu?



the Open Handset Alliance (OHA)?konsorsium dari beberapa perusahaan



Topik

1. Apakah ANDROID itu?2. Asal mula ANDROID3. Perangkat yang menggunakan ANDROID

4. Versi ANDROID5. Arsitektur ANDROID6. Aplikasi di ANDROID




• 2005, Google meng-akusisi perusahaan Android Inc. untukmemulai mengembangkan platform Android

• 2007, sekelompok pemimpin industri datang bersama membentukOpen Handset Alliance (http://www.openhandsetalliance.com )

• November 2007, Android SDK dirilis pertama kali dengan “tampilanawal” ( early look )

• September 2008, T-Mobile mengumumkan ketersediaan HTCDream G1 , smartphone pertama yang berbasiskan platform

Android.• Beberapa hari berikutnya Google mengumumkan ketersediaan

Android SDK Release Candidate 1.0

• Oktober 2008, Google membuat kode program dari platform

Android tersedia di bawah ” Apache’s open source license ”

Asal mula ANDROID



Asal mula ANDROID



Topik


4. Versi ANDROID5. Arsitektur ANDROID6. Aplikasi di ANDROID




HTC Dream G1



Phones

HTC G1,Droid,Tattoo

Motorola Droid (X)

Suno S880 Samsung Galaxy Sony Ericsson



Phones



Tablets

Velocity Micro Cruz Gome FlyTouch Acer beTouch

Dawa D7

Toshiba AndroidSmartBook

Cisco Android Tablet



Tablets



Android Watch



Samsung Galaxy Camera



Android-Powered Microwave

By Touch Revolution – at CES 2010



Topik


4. Versi ANDROID5. Arsitektur ANDROID6. Aplikasi di ANDROID7. Membangun aplikasi ANDROID

A d id R l



Android ReleasesVersi ANDROID



2009SDK 1.5 (Cupcake)+ New soft keyboard with “autocomplete” featureSDK 1.6 (Donut)

+ Support Wide VGASDK 2.0/2.0.1/2.1 (Eclair)+ Revamped UI, browser

2010

SDK 2.2 (Froyo)+ Flash support, tetheringSDK 2.3 (Gingerbread)+ UI update, system-wide copy-paste

Versi ANDROID

GingerbreadAndroid 2.3.+



HoneycombAndroid 3.0-3.2

2011SDK 3.0/3.1/3.2 (Honeycomb) for tablets only+ New UI for tablets, support multi-core processorsSDK 4.0/4.0.1/4.0.2/4.0.3 (Ice Cream Sandwich)+ Changes to the UI, Voice input, NFC

2012SDK 4.1 (Jelly Bean)

Ice cream SandwichAndroid 4.0+

Versi ANDROID

Jelly BeanAndroid 4.1+



Data dikumpulkan selama 2 minggu sebelum tanggal 3 Januari 2012

Versi ANDROID



Topik





Arsitektur Android



Arsitektur Android

• Relying on Linux Kernel 2.6 for core system servicesMemory and Process ManagementNetwork Stack

Driver ModelSecurity

• Providing an abstraction layer between the hardware

and the rest of the software stack



Arsitektur Android

• Including a set of C/C++ libraries used by components of the Android system

• Exposed to developers through the Android applicationframework



Arsitektur Android

• Core LibrariesProviding most of the functionality available in thecore libraries of the Java language

APIs• Data Structures• Utilities• File Access• Network Access• Graphics• ...



• Dalvik Virtual MachineProviding environment on which every Androidapplication runs

• Each Android application runs in its own process,

with its own instance of the Dalvik VM.• Dalvik has been written such that a device can run

multiple VMs efficiently.

Register-based virtual machine

Arsitektur Android



Arsitektur Android

• Enabling and simplifying the reuse of componentsDevelopers have full access to the same framework

APIs used by the core applications.Users are allowed to replace components.



Feature Role

ViewSystem

Used to build an application, including lists, grids, textboxes, buttons, and embedded web browser

ContentProvider Enabling applications to access data from otherapplications or to share their own data

ResourceManager

Providing access to non-code resources (localized strings,graphics, and layout files)

Notification Manager

Enabling all applications to display customer alerts in thestatus bar

ActivityManager

Managing the lifecycle of applications and providinga common navigation backstack

Arsitektur Android



• Activitiesapplication presentation layer

• Servicesinvisible components, update data sources, visible activities, trigger notificationsperform regular processing even when app is not active or invisible

• Content Providersshareable data store

• Intentsmessage passing frameworkbroadcase messages system wide, for an action to be performed

• Broadcast receiversconsume intent broadcastslets app listen for intents matching a specific criteria like location

• NotificationsToast notificationStatus Bar NotificationDialog notification

Arsitektur Android



Arsitektur Android

• Android provides a set of core applications:Email ClientSMS ProgramCalendar MapsBrowser Contacts...

• All applications are written using the Java language.



Topik





Aplikasi Android

Suatu aplikasi yang berjalan di atas perangkatbergerak dengan platform Android

JenisAplikasi Web : berjalan di dalam sebuah web browser

HTML5, JavaScript, FlashNative : dalam bentuk binaries yang diinstal keperangkat bergerak

Java ME, C/C++



Sejumlah keuntungan bahwa Google Android menjadi perangkatlunak yang open source, antara lain:

Pengguna dapat mengkostumisasi perangkat bergerak denganplatform Google Android yang dimilikinyaKonsumen mendapatkan keuntungan dengan memiliki berbagai

jenis aplikasi mobile untuk dipilihBanyak ponsel yang menggunakan Google Android, sehinggamuncul produk aplikasi yang inovatif Fungsi hiburan dijalankan di atas platform Google Android mampu

menawarkan permainan multiplayer, online, real time, dan lebihrealistikSemakin banyak programmer yang mengembangkan platformGoogle Android

Keuntungan Android Open Source

Mobile Devices: Advantages



Mobile Devices: Advantages(as compared to fixed devices)

• Always with the user • Typically have Internet access• Typically GPS enabled

• Typically have accelerometer & compass• Most have camera• Always have microphone & speaker(s)• Many apps are free or low-cost



Mobile Devices: Disadvantages

• Limited screen size• Limited battery life• Limited processor speed (?)• Limited and sometimes slow network access• Limited or awkward input:

soft keyboard,phone keypad,

touch screen,stylus• Limited web browser functionality



WHAT MAKES ANDROID SPECIAL?

Truly open, free development platformLinux based

Component-based architectureReusable, replaceable modules

Multi-layer isolation of programsMany services includedHigh quality graphics and sound

Portability across hardwareJava programs executed by Davlik virtual machineARM, x86 and other

Support by multiple large organizations



Topik





Eclipse IDE + ADT (Android Development Tools)• Reduces Development and Testing Time• Makes User Interface-Creation easier • Makes Application Description Easier

Java SDKAndroid SDK• SDK Manager • Class Library

• Developer Tools• Emulator and System Images• Documentation and Sample Code

Harus punya perangkat mobile ANDROID?Harus mahir bahasa pemrograman JAVA?

Lingkungan Pengembangan Aplikasi



www.android-x86.org

d id i d i



www.android-indonesia.com

h //b i i d



http://beta.appinventor.mit.edu



for PROGRAMMER / DEVELOPER ?

http://developer android com



http://developer.android.com

da de elopers com



www.xda-developers.com



• Developmentprocess for anAndroid app

SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT



SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT

Design Testing

Release Process

Errors?DesignError?

No

Yes

No

Yes

Android Apps



Android Apps

• Built using Java and new SDK librariesNo support for some Java libraries like Swing & AWTOracle currently suing Google over use

• Java code compiled into Dalvik byte code (.dex)Optimized for mobile devices(better memory management, battery utilization, etc.)

• Dalvik VM runs .dex files

Building and running



Building and running

• ADB is a client server program that connects clients ondeveloper machine to devices/emulators to facilitatedevelopment.

• An IDE like Eclipse handles this entire process for you.

Compiled resources(xml files)

Android Debug Bridge

Applications Are Boxed



Applications Are Boxed

• By default, each app is run in its own Linux processProcess started when app‟s code needs to be executedThreads can be started to handle time-consumingoperations

• Each process has its own Dalvik VM

• By default, each app is assigned unique Linux ID

Permissions are set to app‟s files are only visibleto that app



Android Market Google Play



Android Market Google Play

Publishing and Monetizing

• Has various categories, allows ratings• Have both free/paid apps

• Featured apps on web and on phone• The Android Market is great for developers

Level playing field Allowing third-party apps

Revenue sharing

http://play.google.com



Publishing to Google Play



Publishing to Google Play

• Requires Google Developer Account$25 fee

• Link to a Merchant Account

Google CheckoutLink to your checking accountGoogle takes 30% of app purchase price

RELEASE PROCESS



RELEASE PROCESS

Prepare for BuildPerform Build

“Release Candidate”ThoroughlyTest Build

PublishRelease

Test PackagedRelease Candidate

Package andSign Package

Fix Bugs! yes

Got Bugs?No Bugs?

Bugs?



Android Design Philosophy



g p y

• Applications should be:Fast

• Resource constraints: <200MB RAM, slow processor Responsive

• Apps must respond to user actions within 5 secondsSecure

• Apps declare permissions in manifestSeamless

• Usability is key, persist data, suspend services• Android kills processes in background as needed

IMPLEMENTATION



IMPLEMENTATION

Cheap : Install the toolsJava, Eclipse, Android SDKYour computer: Windows, Linux, MacPhone emulator included

Easy : Create your first programAndroid Development Toolkit (ADT)Plugin for Eclipse, written by GoogleExamples and tutorials available

Run on the EmulatorVerify by USB connecting a phone to computer

Rewarding : Prepare to publish eg. Google Market

Application Building Blocks



pp g

• Activity• IntentReceiver • Service

• ContentProvider

Activities



• Typically correspond to one UI screen• But, they can:

– Be faceless

– Be in a floating window – Return a value

Intent Receivers



• Components that respond to broadcast „Intents‟• Way to respond to external notification or alarms• Apps can invent and broadcast their own Intent

Intents



• Think of Intents as a verb and object; a descriptionof what you want done – E.g.: VIEW, CALL, PLAY, etc..

• System matches Intent with Activity that can bestprovide the service

• Activities and IntentReceivers describe whatIntents they can service

Services



• Faceless components that run in the background – E.g.: music player, network download, etc…

Content Providers



• Enables sharing of data across applications – E.g.: address book, photo gallery, etc...

• Provides uniform APIs for:

– querying – delete, update and insert.• Content is represented by URI and MIME type

App Priority and Processes



• Android apps do not have control over their ownlife cycles• Aggressively manages resources to ensure device

responsiveness and kills process/apps whenneeded

• Active Process – critical priority• Visible Process – high priority• Service Process – normal priority• Background Process – low priority• Empty process

Applications



• All apps (native and 3 rd party) are written using thesame APIs and run on the same run timeexecutable

• All apps have APIs for:hardware access, location-based services, supportfor background services, map-based activities, 2Dand 3D graphics.

• App Widgets are miniature app views that can beembedded in other apps like Home Screen

Client apps



• Developed using the Android SDK and installed onuser devices

• Compiled Java code, with data and resource,bundled by Android Asset Packaging Tool (AAPT)into Android package (.apk)

• All applications have Android Manifest file in itsroot directory – provides essential information about app

• Could be installed directly on phone,but necessary to be distributed thru Market

Web Apps



• An alternative to standalone apps• Developed using web standards and accessed

through browser nothing to install on devices• Mixing client and web apps is also possible

Client apps can embed web pages using“Webview” in Android app

Android UI



• Activity : single screen with a UI, somewhatanalogous to XAML / code behind pattern in .NET

• Email app might have one activity that shows a list of new emails, another activity to compose an email, and

another activity for reading emails• Implement by subclassing Activity class

• View : drawable object

• Android UI View ≠ MVC View• UI contains a hierarchy of Views

• View is a class, subclassed by the drawable objects inthe UI

Android UI



• Service : background operation• play music in the background while the user is in a

different application

• fetch data over the network without blocking user interaction with an activity

• Content Provider: DB or other data access

• Broadcast Receiver: responds to system messages

• Battery low

Android UI



• UI construction can be done in three ways:1. Programmatic, like hand-coded Java desktop GUI

construction2. Declarative hand-written, like Java web UI

construction XML3. Declarative with a GUI builder, like .NET UI

construction then GUI builder generates the XML

Programmatic UI



package cs454.demo;

import android.app.Activity;import android.widget.TextView;import android.os.Bundle;

public class AndroidDemo extends Activity {/** Called when the activity is first created. */

@Override

public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

//Activity is a subclass of context, so the TextView takes this

as a parameter

TextView tv = new TextView(this);tv.setText("Hello, CS454");

setContentView(tv);

}

}

Manual Declarative UI



main.xml Layout File: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <TextView

xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"android:id="@+id/textview"android:layout_width="fill_parent"android:layout_height="fill_parent"android:text="@string/hello"/>

strings.xml resource file: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<resources> <string name="hello">Hello Again, CS454!</string> <string name="app_name">CS454 AndroidDemo</string>

</resources>

Manual Declarative UI



Java class: package cs454.demo;

import android.app.Activity;import android.os.Bundle;

public class AndroidDemo extends Activity {/** Called when the activity is first created. */

@Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {

super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

setContentView(R.layout.main);}}

UI With GUI Builder



DEVELOPMENT FEATURES 1



MultimediaAudio and video playback and record ability will benative in the devices. Interrogate these and use asdesired eg. video recording, music playback,

microphone for audio notes.

NetworkMost Android devices will be Internet ready. The net canbe accessed at any desired level, from Java sockets tothe integral WebKit-based web browser which can beembedded into your apps.

DEVELOPMENT FEATURES 2



Storage

Global positioning system (GPS)Many devices will have GPS receiver to dtermine

location. This location data can be used in navigationas well as triggering activities.

Phone servicesAll phone services eg. Initiate and receive calls, shortmessages, data transmittals



Ada pertanyaan?



Terima Kasih

1.androidintro

Documents