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PENGARUH LARUTAN BAWANG PUTIH (Allium sativum)

TERHADAP LARVA Aedes spp

SKRIPSI

SIMONE PHETRUSYA MERIELLE SUMAMPOUW

100 111 264

DOSEN PEMBIMBING

dr. Victor D. Pijoh, MKes

dr. G. J. P. Wahongan, MKes

FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN

UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI

MANADO

2014

DAFTAR ISI

ABSTRAK ……………………………………………………………………..………………… i

KATA PENGANTAR ………………………………………………………………………….. iii

DAFTAR ISI ……………………………………………………………………...……………. vi

DAFTAR TABEL ………………………………………………………………….…………. viii

DAFTAR GAMBAR …………………………………………………………………………… ix

BAB I. PENDAHULUAN …………………………………………………………...………….. 1

1. Latar Belakang …………………………………………………………...………….. 1

2. Perumusan Masalah ……………………………………………………...………….. 4

3. Tujuan Penelitian ………………………………………………………...………….. 4

4. Manfaat Penelitian ………………………………………………………...………… 4

BAB II. TINJAUAN PUSTAKA ……………………………………………………..………… 5

1. Aedes Spesies ……………………………………………………………..…………. 5

a. Klasifikasi ……………………………………………………………………….. 5

b. Morfologi dan siklus hidup …………………........................................................ 6

2. Demam Berdarah Dengue ………………………………………………………..… 11

a. Definisi ………………………………………………………………….……… 11

b. Factor Penular …………………………………………………………….……. 12

c. Epidemiologi ……………………………………………………………..…….. 12

3. Bawang Putih ………………………………………………………………...…….. 13

a. Klasifikasi ………………………………………………………………..…….. 13

b. Penanaman ………………………………………………………………...…… 14

c. Penuaian …………………………………………………………………...…… 14

4. Kerangka Teori ……………………………………………………………….……. 16

5. Kerangka Konsep ……………………………………………………………...…… 17

BAB III. METODE PENELITIAN ……………………………………………………......….. 18

1. Rangcangan Penelitian …………………………………………………………..…. 18

2. Tempat dan Waktu Penelitian ……………………………………………………… 18

3. Sampel Penelitian …………………………………………………………………... 18

4. Variable Penelitian …………………………………………………………………. 19

5. Definisi Operasional ……………………………………………………………….. 19

6. Alat dan Bahan Penelitian ………………………………………………………….. 20

7. Cara Kerja ……………………………………………………………………..…… 20

8. Analisis Hasil ………………………………………………………………………. 25

9. Kerangka Kerja …………………………………………………………………..… 26

BAB IV. HASIL PENELITIAN ……………………………………………………………..… 27

1. Deskripsi Data …………………………………………………………………...…. 27

2. Hasil Penelitian …………………………………………………………………….. 27

3. Hasil Analisis Data ……………………………………………………………….... 30

BAB V. PEMBAHASAN ……………………………………………………………………… 33

BAB VI. KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN ……………………………………………………… 38

DAFTAR PUSTAKA …………………………………………………………………………… x

DAFTAR LAMPIRAN

RIWAYAT HIDUP

DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 1. Contoh tabel hasil penelitian ………………………………………………………….. 24

Tabel 2. Hasil pengukuran suhu dan kelembaban ruang penelitian ……………………………. 28

Tabel 3. Hasil perhitungan kematian larva Aedes spp …………………………………………. 29

DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 1. Nyamuk dewasa Aedes spp ………………………………………………………….. 5

Gambar 2. Ciri-ciri khusus nyamuk Aedes Aegypti dan Aedes Albopictus ……………………… 7

Gambar 3. Siklus Hidup Nyamuk Aedes spp ……………………………………………………. 7

Gambar 4. Telur Aedes aegypti ………………………………………………………………….. 8

Gambar 5. Larva Aedes aegypti ………………………………………………………………..... 9

Gambar 6. Pupa Aedes aegypti ………………………………………………………………... 10

Gambar 7. Nyamuk dewasa Aedes aegypti …………………………………………………….. 11

Gambar 8. Bawang putih ………………………………………………………………………. 13

DAFTAR PUSTAKA

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development. Geneva: WHO; 1996.p.137

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http://btkl-manado.or.id/index/php/berita/51-survey-kepadatan-jentik-aedes-aegypti-di-kabupaten-minahasa-utara

http://btkl-manado.or.id/index/php/berita/51-survey-kepadatan-jentik-aedes-aegypti-di-kabupaten-minahasa-utara

http://eprints.undip.ac.id/17910/1/TEGUH_WIDIYANTO.pdf

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(accessed 38 septemner 2013).

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larvasida nyamuk aedes sp.

10. Setyosari. Metode Penelitian Pendidikan dan Pengembangan. Kencana Prenada Media

Group. Jakarta 2010.

11. Sitio A. Hubungan Perilaku dan Pemberatasan Sarang nyamuk dan Kebiasaan Keluarga

dengan Kejadian Demam Berdarah Dengue; 2008. Available from: URL :

HYPERLINK : http://epronts.undip.ac.id/8826/1/Anton_Sitio.pdf. [cited 25 September

2013]

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Pertanian Bogor, 2006.

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Indonesia, Jakarta, 1998

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Medical Entomology Laboratory. Florida: university of Florida; 2006.

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dari WHO Regional SEARO No. 29 “Prevention Control of Dengue Haemoragic Fever”.

WHO dan Depkes. RI. Jakarta, 2000.

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http://epronts.undip.ac.id/8826/1/Anton_Sitio.pdf

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Swadaya, 1994.

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Publishing, 2010.

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21. Samadi, Budi. Usaha Tani Bawang Putih, Cetakan Pertama. Yogyakarta: Kanisius, 2000.

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International Inc. p. 152-162, 284-285.

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African Trpanosomes. Parasitology Reseach 82:634-637

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Inhibits Cystein Proteinases and Cytophatic Effects of Entamoeba histolytica,

Antimcroba agent Chemotherapy. 10 (2286-2288)

28. Tvedten S. The Best Control For Mosquitos.

29. Bloomquist JR. 1999. Insecticedes : Chemistry and Characteristics

http://www.rsc.org/

http://www.rsc.org/

Lampiran 1

Tabel Kematian Larva (24 jam) dengan 5 Kali Ulangan

No.

Konsentrasi (%)

Pengulangan Jumlah Larva Uji

Jumlah Larva Mati

Rata-rata Kematian

Kematian Nyamuk

(%)1. 0 1 10 0

0 00 2 10 00 3 10 00 4 10 0

2. 1 1 10 12 201 2 10 2

1 3 10 21 4 10 3

3. 5 1 10 74.75 475 2 10 3

5 3 10 45 4 10 5

4. 10 1 10 88.25 8210 2 10 10

10 3 10 710 4 10 8

5. 15 1 10 99.75 9715 2 10 10

15 3 10 1015 4 10 10

6. 20 1 10 1010 10020 2 10 10

20 3 10 1020 4 10 10

Lampiran 2

Tabel Kematian Larva Per Menit (1)No. Konsentrasi

(%)Jumlah Larva

UjiMenit

0 15 30 45 60 1201. 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 02. 1 10 0 0 0 0 0 13. 5 10 0 0 0 1 2 34. 10 10 0 0 2 3 4 45. 15 10 0 2 3 4 5 56. 20 10 0 2 2 4 4 4


(%)Jumlah Larva

UjiMenit

0 15 30 45 60 1201. 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 02. 1 10 0 0 0 0 1 23. 5 10 0 0 0 1 3 34. 10 10 0 1 1 3 4 45. 15 10 0 1 1 2 2 36. 20 10 0 0 3 4 4 6


(%)Jumlah Larva

UjiMenit

0 15 30 45 60 1201. 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 02. 1 10 0 0 0 0 1 13. 5 10 0 0 0 1 2 34. 10 10 0 0 2 3 3 45. 15 10 0 2 2 2 2 66. 20 10 0 2 3 3 3 6


(%)Jumlah Larva

UjiMenit

0 15 30 45 60 1201. 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 02. 1 10 0 0 0 1 1 13. 5 10 0 0 1 1 2 3

4. 10 10 0 0 2 3 3 45. 15 10 0 1 2 4 4 56. 20 10 0 2 2 2 3 6

Lampiran 3

Uji Normalitas Data

Descriptive Statistics

N Mean Std. Deviation Minimum Maximum

larva mati 24 5,79 4,011 0 10

One-Sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test

larva mati

N 24

Normal Parametersa,b

Mean 5,79

Std. Deviation 4,011

Most Extreme Differences

Absolute ,186

Positive ,147

Negative -,186

Kolmogorov-Smirnov Z ,913

Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) ,375

a. Test distribution is Normal.

b. Calculated from data.

One Way Anova

Descriptives

larva mati

N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error 95% Confidence Interval for Mean Minimum Maximum

Lower Bound Upper Bound

0 4 ,00 ,000 ,000 ,00 ,00 0 0

1 4 2,00 ,816 ,408 ,70 3,30 1 3

5 4 4,75 1,708 ,854 2,03 7,47 3 7

10 4 8,25 1,258 ,629 6,25 10,25 7 10

15 4 9,75 ,500 ,250 8,95 10,55 9 10

20 4 10,00 ,000 ,000 10,00 10,00 10 10

Total 24 5,79 4,011 ,819 4,10 7,49 0 10

Test of Homogeneity of Variances

larva mati

Levene Statistic df1 df2 Sig.

3,265 5 18 ,028

ANOVA

larva mati

Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.

Between Groups 353,708 5 70,742 78,360 ,000

Within Groups 16,250 18 ,903

Total 369,958 23

Post Hoc

Multiple Comparisons

Dependent Variable: larva mati

(I) konsentrasi larutan

bawang putih

(J) konsentrasi larutan

bawang putih

Mean

Difference (I-J)

Std. Error Sig. 95% Confidence Interval

Lower Bound Upper Bound

Bonferroni

0

1 -2,000 ,672 ,121 -4,27 ,27

5 -4,750* ,672 ,000 -7,02 -2,48

10 -8,250* ,672 ,000 -10,52 -5,98

15 -9,750* ,672 ,000 -12,02 -7,48

20 -10,000* ,672 ,000 -12,27 -7,73

1

0 2,000 ,672 ,121 -,27 4,27

5 -2,750* ,672 ,010 -5,02 -,48

10 -6,250* ,672 ,000 -8,52 -3,98

15 -7,750* ,672 ,000 -10,02 -5,48

20 -8,000* ,672 ,000 -10,27 -5,73

5

0 4,750* ,672 ,000 2,48 7,02

1 2,750* ,672 ,010 ,48 5,02

10 -3,500* ,672 ,001 -5,77 -1,23

15 -5,000* ,672 ,000 -7,27 -2,73

20 -5,250* ,672 ,000 -7,52 -2,98

10

0 8,250* ,672 ,000 5,98 10,52

1 6,250* ,672 ,000 3,98 8,52

5 3,500* ,672 ,001 1,23 5,77

15 -1,500 ,672 ,578 -3,77 ,77

20 -1,750 ,672 ,269 -4,02 ,52

15 0 9,750* ,672 ,000 7,48 12,02

1 7,750* ,672 ,000 5,48 10,02

5 5,000* ,672 ,000 2,73 7,27

10 1,500 ,672 ,578 -,77 3,77

20 -,250 ,672 1,000 -2,52 2,02

20

0 10,000* ,672 ,000 7,73 12,27

1 8,000* ,672 ,000 5,73 10,27

5 5,250* ,672 ,000 2,98 7,52

10 1,750 ,672 ,269 -,52 4,02

15 ,250 ,672 1,000 -2,02 2,52

Games-Howell

0

1 -2,000 ,408 ,074 -4,32 ,32

5 -4,750 ,854 ,053 -9,60 ,10

10 -8,250* ,629 ,005 -11,83 -4,67

15 -9,750* ,250 ,000 -11,17 -8,33

20 -10,000 ,000 . -10,00 -10,00

1

0 2,000 ,408 ,074 -,32 4,32

5 -2,750 ,946 ,202 -7,07 1,57

10 -6,250* ,750 ,003 -9,41 -3,09

15 -7,750* ,479 ,000 -9,80 -5,70

20 -8,000* ,408 ,001 -10,32 -5,68

5

0 4,750 ,854 ,053 -,10 9,60

1 2,750 ,946 ,202 -1,57 7,07

10 -3,500 1,061 ,113 -7,85 ,85

15 -5,000* ,890 ,037 -9,55 -,45

20 -5,250* ,854 ,040 -10,10 -,40

10

0 8,250* ,629 ,005 4,67 11,83

1 6,250* ,750 ,003 3,09 9,41

5 3,500 1,061 ,113 -,85 7,85

15 -1,500 ,677 ,389 -4,74 1,74

20 -1,750 ,629 ,277 -5,33 1,83

15

0 9,750* ,250 ,000 8,33 11,17

1 7,750* ,479 ,000 5,70 9,80

5 5,000* ,890 ,037 ,45 9,55

10 1,500 ,677 ,389 -1,74 4,74

20 -,250 ,250 ,893 -1,67 1,17

20

0 10,000 ,000 . 10,00 10,00

1 8,000* ,408 ,001 5,68 10,32

5 5,250* ,854 ,040 ,40 10,10

10 1,750 ,629 ,277 -1,83 5,33

15 ,250 ,250 ,893 -1,17 1,67

*. The mean difference is significant at the 0.05 level.

Lampiran 4

Uji Korelasi Pearson

Descriptive Statistics

Mean Std. Deviation N

konsentrasi larutan bawang putih 8,50 7,431 24

larva mati 5,79 4,011 24

Correlations

konsentrasi larutan

bawang putih

larva mati

konsentrasi larutan bawang putih

Pearson Correlation 1 ,929**

Sig. (2-tailed) ,000

N 24 24

larva mati

Pearson Correlation ,929** 1

Sig. (2-tailed) ,000

N 24 24

**. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).

Lampiran 5

Uji Regresi Linear Sederhana

Variables Entered/Removeda

Model Variables Entered Variables Removed Method

1 larva matib . Enter

a. Dependent Variable: konsentrasi larutan bawang putih

b. All requested variables entered.

Model Summary

Model R R Square Adjusted R Square Std. Error of the

Estimate

1 ,929a ,862 ,856 2,820

a. Predictors: (Constant), larva mati

ANOVAa

Model Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.

1

Regression 1095,075 1 1095,075 137,726 ,000b

Residual 174,925 22 7,951

Total 1270,000 23


b. Predictors: (Constant), larva mati

Coefficientsa

Model Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized

Coefficients

t Sig.

B Std. Error Beta

1(Constant) -1,464 1,026 -1,428 ,167

larva mati 1,720 ,147 ,929 11,736 ,000


Lampiran 6

Foto-foto penelitian di laboratorium

Penetasan Telur Nyamuk Aedes spp

Larva Aedes spp

Pemindahan larva Aedes spp ke wadah percobaan

Wadah Perlakuan

Pengamatan dan penghitungan larva Aedes spp yang mati

Pengukuran Suhu dan Kelembaban ruang penelitian

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