Macam-macam Kata Kerja

1. Finite Verb (Kata Kerja Biasa)

Ciri-ciri Kata Kerja Jenis ini adalah sebagai berikut:

Bila dipakai dalam kalimat tanya dan negative perlu memakai kata kerja bantu do, does atau did.

Bentuknya dapat berubah-ubah oleh tense. Biasanya mempunyai bentuk-bentuk: Infinitive Present Participle Gerund Past Tense Present Tense Past Participle

Contoh:

Ms. Anne reads a novel. (Infinitive) Ms. Anne is reading a novel. (Present Participle) Does Ms. Anne read a novel? Ms. Anne read a novel. (Past Tense) Ms. Anne has read a novel. (Past Participle)

2. Auxiliary Verbs (Kata Kerja Bantu)

Yaitu kata kerja yang digunakan bersama-sama dengan kata kerja lain untuk menyatakan tindakan atau keadaan, atau berfungsi untuk melengkapi fungsi gramatikal.

Kata Kerja Auxiliary adalah:

Is, am, are Was, were Do, does, did Has, have, had Can, could May, might Will, would Shall, should Must Ought to Had better Need, Dare (Dapat juga berfungsi sebagai Kata Kerja Biasa)

3. Linking Verbs (Kata Kerja Penghubung)

Yaitu kata kerja yang berfungsi menghubungkan antara subject dengan complement-nya. Kata yang dihubungkan dengan subject tersebut dinamakan subject complement. Jika kata Kerja Penghubung tersebut kita gantikan dengan be (am, is, are, was, dll.), maka maknanya tidak berubah.

Linking Verbs yang umum adalah:

be (am, is, are, was, dll.) look stay appear become         remain taste feel     seem   smell grow   sound

Contoh:

The actress is beautiful. Alex looks serious. (= Alex is serious). The cakes smell delicious (=the cakes are delicious).

4. Transitive Verbs (Kata Kerja Yang Membutuhkan Objek)

Yaitu kata kerja yang memerlukan object untuk menyempurnakan arti kalimat atau melengkapi makna kalimat.

Kata kerja Transitive diantaranya adalah: Drink, watch, read, fill, open, close, dll

Contoh:

He watches the film. (Kalimat ini tidak akan lengkap, jika "the film" kita hilangkan. Orang lain akan bertanya-tanya - menonton apa?, maka watch (menonton) membutuhkan object agar makna kalimat tersebut dapat dipahami).

The man cuts the tree.

5. Intransitive Verbs (Kata Kerja Yang Tidak Membutuhkan Objek)

Yaitu adalah kata kerja yang tidak memerlukan obyek, karena sudah dapat dipahami dengan sempurna makna kalimat tersebut.

Kata-kata kerja yang termasuk Intransitive verbs diantaranya adalah: Shine, come, sit, boil, sleep, fall, cry, dll.

Contoh:

The baby cries. My mother is sleeping. The water boils.

Catatan:

Ada juga beberapa kata kerja yang dapat berfungsi sebagai transitive maupun intransitive verbs.

Contoh:

He drops his bottles. (transitif) The rain drops from the sky. (intransitif) The contestants still misunderstood then. (transitif) The contestants still misunderstood. (intransitif) They grow the rubber trees. (transitif) Rice grows in the fertile soil. (intransitif)

Ada beberapa verb intransitive yang memakai Objective Noun yang mempunyai satu kesatuan makna dengan kata kerjanya. Objeknya disebut Cognate Object.

Contoh:

He played the fool.                   (Dia bermain gila-gilaan). He laughs a hard laugh.            (Dia tertawa lebar). He slept a sound sleep.            (Dia tidur nyenyak). He died a miserable death.       (Dia mati melarat).

Ada beberapa verb transitive dan intransitive walaupun sudah mempunyai object tetapi artinya belum sempuma sebelum ditambah kata-kata lain.

Kata Kerja jenis ini diantaranya adalah: make, name, call, find, declare, suppose, consider, bring, give, appoint, seen, hear, dll.

Contoh:

I will make you happy. I appoint him to be my assistant.

Ada juga kata kerja yang mempunyai pola sebagai berikut:

Kata Kerja + Preposition + Object Kata Kerja + Preposition + Kata Kerja-ing

Contoh:

We talked about the problem. She felt sorry for coming late.

Kata-kata kerja untuk pola kedua diantaranya adalah: succeed in, think about/of, dream of, dream about, approve of, look forward to, insist on, decide against, angry with, sorry for, thanks for, dll.

Ada juga Kata Kerja tertentu yang mempunyai pola sebagai berikut:

Kata Kerja + Object + Preposition + Kata Kerja-ing

Contoh:

They accused me of telling lies. Do you suspect the man of being a spy? I congratulated Bob on passing the exam. What prevented him from coming to the party? I thanked her for being so helpful.

6. Regular & Irregular Verbs

Regular Verb adalah kata kerja yang dapat berubah-ubah sesuai dengan bentuk tense; dan perubahan bentuk kata kerja itu secara teratur.

Contoh perubahan Kata Kerja jenis ini adalah:

Call - called - called Admit - admitted - admitted Submit - submitted - submitted Invite - invited - invited

Irregular Verb adalah kata kerja yang mempunyai fungsi sama dengan regular verb, tetapi perubahan bentuk kata kerja ini secara tidak teratur.

Contoh perubahan kata kerja jenis ini adalah:

Read - Read - Read Come - came - come Begin - began - begun Sleep - slept - slept

Pengertian dan Contoh Transitive dan Intransitive Verb

Pengertian Transitive dan Intransitive Verb

Transitive verb adalah kata kerja yang diikuti direct object untuk menerima aksi dari subject. Sebaliknya, Intransitive verb adalah kata kerja yang tidak diikuti oleh direct object sebagai penerima aksi.

Lebih Dalam

Jawaban dari pertanyaan "what" dan "whom" yang berupa object, bisa didapatkan dari kalimat yang menggunakan transitive verb.

Contoh Transitive Verb:

After practicing for an hour, the player can hit the tennis ball over the net ---> (What can the player hit over the net? The tennis ball.)

The student should return the book a week ago ---> (Whom should the student return a week ago? The book.)

Karena tidak mempunyai object, intransitive tidak memiliki passive form.

Contoh Intransitive Verb:

The girl filled the basket with a thousand of candies ---> (filled=transitive verb, passive form: The basket were filled by the girl with a thousand of candies.)

The worker always come on time ---> (come=intransitive verb, passive form: -)

Banyak kata kerja dapat menjadi transitive maupun intransitive tergantung pada konteks kalimatnya.

Contoh Kata Kerja = Transitive = Intransitive:

In order to lose her weight, Diana doesn't eat after seven p.m. (intransitive verb) My family eats the organic rice. (transitive verb)

Contoh Intransitive dan Transitive Verb

Berikut beberapa contoh kalimat intransitive dan transitive verb.

Kata Kerja Contoh Contoh Kalimat

Transitive Verbask, bring, buy, clean, explain, kick, learn, paint, sell, want, write

My neighbour has painted his wall in broken white. (painted=transitive, his wall=direct object)She want a bag with low price but high quality.The boy kicked the ball toward the goal.

Intransitive Verbarrive, come, die, go, lie, sneeze, sit, work

The city park's visitors are not allowed to sit on the grass.If you arrive late, I'll go to the bookstore without you.Cheryl often sneeze while cleaning the warehouse.She looked annoyed when her friends come to her house.

Transitive & Intransitive Verb

eat, run

The man have run his business since 1988. (run=transitive, business=direct object)Adventurers must run through the jungle before night. (run=intransitive)

Sampai disini penjelasan tentang kata kerja transitive & intransitive. Semoga bermanfaat dan mohon maaf jika ada kekurangan. Jika ada pertanyaan, komentar, atau masukan, kamu dapat meninggalkannya pada kotak komentar di bawah :).

Thursday, June 9, 2011

Transitive Verbs vs Intransitive Verbs : The Differences

.Untuk memahami Grammar, verb (kata kerja) jelas adalah salah satu pokok bahasan yang wajib dipelajari dengan serius. Di antara jenis verb yang wajib diketahui tersebut, ada dua jenis verb yang sangat perlu dibahas dengan teliti, yaitu: Transitive Verbs dan Intransitive Verbs. Menurut Frank (1972: 49):  A transitive verb takes a direct object (He is reading a book); an intransitive verb does not require an object (He is walking in the park). Only transitive verbs may be used in the passive voice. (The book was returned by him quickly). All linking verbs are intransitive.

Frank menjelaskan bahwa transitive verbs memiliki direct object; sedangkan intransitive verbs tidak membutuhkan objek. Lebih lanjut lagi, ia menerangkan bahwa HANYA transitive verb (kata kerja transitif) yang bisa digunakan dalam Passive Voice. Sedangkan semua linking verb itu termasuk kategori intransitive verb (kata kerja intransitif).

Dalam menerangkan tentang transitive verbs, Frank juga mengungkapkan bahwa transitive verbs bisa memiliki lebih dari satu objek.

Contoh:

Indirect Object dan direct object : He gave his wife a presentDirect Object dan Objective Complement : They elected Mr. Smith president

Menurut Frank, "Many verbs may be used either transitively (He was writing a letter) or intransitively (He was writing at the library)."

Oleh Karena itu, bagi yang belum terbiasa (apalagi yang belum mengerti) apakah suatu kata kerja (verb) itu transitive atau malah kata kerja itu intransitive, alangkah baiknya agar melihat di kamus monolingual bahasa Inggris yang baik. Biasanya, dalam kamus-kamus tersebut, transitive verb ditandakan dengan VN yang artinya verb terus diikuti oleh noun, VT yang artinya Verb Transitive; sedangkan untuk intransitive verb biasanya ditandakan hanya dengan V saja, yang artinya verb tersebut sendirian tidak diikuti oleh object apapun. Selain itu juga, kadang intransitive verb ditandakan dengan Vi. Untuk lebih jelasnya lihat keterangan yang ada di kamus-kamus tersebut.

Linking VerbsA linking verb connects a subject to a subject complement which identifies or describes the subject, as in the following sentences:

The play is Waiting for Godot.

In this sentence, the linking verb "is" links the noun phrase "the play" to the identifying phrase "Waiting for Godot," which is called a subject complement.

Some of us thought that the play was very good.

In this sentence, the verb "was" links the subject complement "very good" to subject "the play."

Others thought it became tedious after the first fifteen minutes.

In this sentence, the linking verb "became" links the subject "it" to the subject complement "tedious." The phrase "after the first fifteen minutes" functions as an adverb modifying the clause "it became tedious."

The cast appears disorganised and confused; perhaps Beckett intended this.

Here "appears" is functioning as a linking verb that connects the subject "the cast" to its subject complement "disorganised and confused."

The play seems absurd to me.

The subject "the play" is joined to its subject complement "absurd" by the linking verb "seems."

Linking verbs are either verbs of sensation ("feel," "look," "smell," "sound," "taste") or verbs of existence ("act," "appear," "be," "become," "continue," "grow," "prove," "remain," "seem," "sit," "stand," "turn").

Many linking verbs (with the significant exception of "be") can also be used as transitive or intransitive verbs. In the following pairs of sentences, the first sentence uses the highlighted verb as a linking verb and the second uses the same verb as either a transitive or an intransitive verb:

LinkingGriffin insists that the water in Winnipeg tastes terrible.

In this sentence, the adjective "terrible" is a subject complement that describes a quality of the water.

Transitive

I tasted the soup before adding more salt.

Here the noun phrase "the soup" identifies what "I tasted." "The soup" is the direct object of the verb "tasted."

LinkingMy neighbour's singing voice sounds very squeaky despite several hours of daily practice.

In this example, the phrase "very squeaky" is a subject complement that describes or identities the nature of the "singing voice."

TransitiveUpon the approach of the enemy troops, the gate-keeper sounded his horn.

Here the verb "sounded" takes a direct object, the noun phrase "his horn."

LinkingCynthia feels queasy whenever she listens to banjo music.

In this sentence, the adjective "queasy" is a subject complement that describes Cynthia.

TransitiveThe customer carefully feels the fabric of the coat.

Here the noun phrase "the fabric of the coat" is the direct object of the verb "feels" and identifies what the customer feels.

Written by Heather MacFadyen

Transitive and Intransitive VerbsDepending on the type of object they take, verbs may be transitive, intransitive, or linking.

The meaning of a transitive verb is incomplete without a direct object, as in the following examples:

INCOMPLETEThe shelf holds.

COMPLETEThe shelf holds three books and a vase of flowers.

INCOMPLETEThe committee named.

COMPLETEThe committee named a new chairperson.

INCOMPLETEThe child broke.

COMPLETEThe child broke the plate.

An intransitive verb, on the other hand, cannot take a direct object:

This plant has thrived on the south windowsill.

The compound verb "has thrived" is intransitive and takes no direct object in this sentence. The prepositional phrase "on the south windowsill" acts as an adverb describing where the plant thrives.

The sound of the choir carried through the cathedral.

The verb "carried" is used intransitively in this sentence and takes no direct object. The prepositional phrase "through the cathedral" acts as an adverb describing where the sound carried.

The train from Montreal arrived four hours late.

The intransitive verb "arrived" takes no direct object, and the noun phrase "four hours late" acts as an adverb describing when the train arrived.

Since the company was pleasant and the coffee both plentiful and good, we lingered in the restaurant for several hours.

The verb "lingered" is used intransitively and takes no direct object. The prepositional phrase "in the restaurant for several hours" acts as an adverb modifying "lingered."

The painting was hung on the south wall of the reception room.

The compound verb "was hung" is used intransitively and the sentence has no direct object. The prepositional phrase "on the south wall of the reception room" acts as a adverb describing where the paint hung.

Many verbs can be either transitive or intransitive, depending on their context in the sentence. In the following pairs of sentences, the first sentence uses the verb transitively and the second uses the same verb intransitively:

transitiveAccording to the instructions, we must leave this goo in our hair for twenty minutes.

In this example, the verb "leave" takes a direct object, the noun phrase "this goo."

intransitiveWe would like to stay longer, but we must leave.

In this example, the verb "leave" does not take a direct object.

transitiveThe audience attentively watched the latest production of The Trojan Women.

In this example, the verb "watch" is used transitively and takes the noun phrase "the latest production of The Trojan Women" as a direct object.

intransitiveThe cook watched while the new dishwasher surreptitiously picked up the fragments of the broken dish.

In this example, the verb "watched" is used intransitively and takes no direct object.

intransitiveThe crowd moves across the field in an attempt to see the rock star get into her helicopter.

Here the verb "moves" is used as an intransitive verb and takes no direct object.

transitiveEvery spring, William moves all boxes and trunks from one side of the attic to the other.

In this sentence "moves" is used as a transitive verb and takes the noun phrase "all the boxes and trunk" as a direct object.