tugas ari setelah presentasi

8/16/2019 TUGAS ARI Setelah Presentasi

1/17

TUGAS

ANALISIS RESIKO INDUSTRI

ANALISIS LOPA SINTESIS ASETON DARI ISOPROPHIL ALKOHOL DENGAN

REAKTOR FIXED BED MULTITUBE

Disusun oleh:

Kelompo !

Do"# Gun$%m% &'(!)!*&'(PTK(+,,*-

.in$i#% Sep$% H &'(!)!*&*(PTK(+,,*,

.#/ill% O$%0i%n%n"% &'(!)*'1+(PTK(&+&1!

.holil% T%m2#si &1(!-,!)*(PTK(&+',*

I/% Pu/n%3%$i &1(!-,!-!(PTK(&+1+!

Muni/% &1(!-,!-,(PTK(&+1+,

4%i%h A3%li% 5S D%hl%n &1(!-,!,1(PTK(&+1&1

MAGISTER TEKNIK KIMIA

DEPARTEMEN TEKNIK KIMIA

UNI6ERSITAS GAD5AH MADA

7OG7AKARTA

8+&*


2/17

I. Pendahuluan

Ase$on9 .H!.O.H!9 me/up%%n s%l%h s%$u sen#%3% %li%$i e$on #%n; s%n;%$

pen$in;< P%"% umumn#% %se$on "i;un%%n se=%;%i sol0en$ un$u =e=e/%p%

polime/< Pen;;un%%n #%n; =e/si%$ ome/si%l %"%l%h pen;;un%%n se=%;%i sen#%3%

in$e/me"i%$e "%l%m pem=u%$%n me$h#l me$h%>/#l%$e9 =isphenol A9 "i%se$on %l>ohol "%n

p/o"u?p/o"u l%in< Re%$o/ me/up%%n s%l%h s%$u sis$em penun@%n; "%/i p/oses pem=u%$%n

%se$on< P%"% $%h%p ini /e%$o/ =ee/@% p%"% on"isi isothermal non?%"i%=%$is "en;%n molten

salt =e/suhu 11+ . se=%;%i me"i% pem%n%s /e%$o/ "%n 4nO se=%;%i %$%lis< P%"% Re%$o/

Fixed Bed Multitube Reactor 9 isop/opil %lohol "%l%m %se ;%s "i%li/%n "%l%m tube-tube

p%"% /e%$o/ "%n =e/on$% "en;%n %$%lis 4nO emu"i%n $e/u/%i men@%"i %se$on "%n H8<

H%sil elu%/%n /e%$o/ %"%l%h p/o"u %se$on9 H89 %i/ "%n sis% /e%$%n isop/opil %lohol #%n;

=e/%se ;%s<

II. Uraian Proses

Reaksi dan Kondisi Operasi

P/oses pem=u%$%n %se$on "en;%n "ehi"/o;en%si "%/i Isop/opil Alohol me/up%%n

/e%si en"o$e/mis "en;%n =%n$u%n %$%lis 4nO< Pe/s%m%%n /e%si eselu/uh%n %"%l%h se=%;%i

=e/iu$:

.H!.HOH.H!; C .H!.O.H!; H8; H *+ 5(mol

P/oses "ehi"/o;en%si "il%n;sun;%n p%"% %s% ;%s "en;%n $e%n%n 8 %$m "%n suhu

!1+ .< Kon0e/si "%/i Isop/opil Alohol men>%p%i --9 &'< K%/en% /e%si $e/@%"i p%"% on"isi

en"o$e/mis9 m%% %%n $e/@%"i penu/un%n suhu< Be/"%s%/%n $eo/i ese$im=%n;%n9 p%"% /e%si

en"o$e/mis9 penu/un%n suhu %%n men#e=%=%n penu/un%n on0e/si< Oleh %/en% i$u9 un$u

mempe/$%h%n%n on0e/si9 /e%$o/ "i@%l%n%n p%"% on"isi iso$e/m%l "en;%n =%n$u%n

pem%n%s /e%$o/ =e/up% molten salt < P%"% /e%si ini "ipe/lu%n pe/%n %$%lis9 un$u suhu

/e%si !&1?'-8 . "i;un%%n om=in%si %$%lis 4in> Oi"e 4nO


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se=%n#% -+ "%/i ump%n m%su aporizer 9 sehin;;% h%sil elu%/%n aporizer =e/up%

isop/opil %lohol >%mpu/%n >%i/?;%s<

Ump%n isop/opil %lohol elu%/ aporizer emu"i%n "im%su%n e !eparator "rum

& S?+& un$u "ipis%h%n %se ;%s "%n %se >%i/n#%< H%sil %$%s S?+& #%n; =e/%se ;%s

emu"i%n "i%li/%n e Funace FR?+& un$u "in%i%n suhun#% men@%"i 11+ . sesu%i

"en;%n on"isi ope/%si /e%$o/< H%sil =%3%h S?+& "i%li/%n em=%li e aporizer "en;%n

"i>%mpu/%n ump%n se;%/ isop/opil %lohol<

=< T%h%p sin$esis %se$on

T%h%p ini $e/@%"i p%"% Reactor R?+&< Re%$o/ =ee/@% p%"% on"isi isothermal non?

%"i%=%$is "en;%n molten salt =e/suhu 11+ . se=%;%i me"i% pem%n%s /e%$o/ "%n 4nO

se=%;%i %$%lis< Kon0e/si isop/opil %lohol p%"% /e%$o/ se=es%/ --9&'< Re%si %$%li$i

=e/l%n;sun; p%"% %se ;%s "en;%n pe/s%m%%n 8$o/ R?+& "i$u/un%n $e%n%nn#% men@%"i &9* %$m "en;%n

men;;un%%n Ep%nsion 6%l0e E6?+&< Sel%n@u$n#%9 ;%s elu%/%n /e%$o/

"i"in;in%n p%"% P/o"u>$ G%s .oole/ HE?+! men;;un%%n sis$em in$e;/%si "en;%n

mem%n%%$%n >%mpu/%n >%i/%n elu%/%n Sep%/%$o/ D/um 8 S?+8 "%n A=so=e/ AB?

+&< Kemu"i%n ;%s "ion"ens%i p%"% .on"enso/ HE?+89 h%sil elu%/%n HE?+8

%"%l%h >%mpu/%n %se$on9 H89 %i/ "%n isop/opil %lohol =e/%se >%i/?;%s "en;%n suhu

!1 .< .%mpu/%n >%i/?;%s ini "ipis%h%n em=%li men;;un%%n S?+8< G%s H8 "%n

se"ii$ ;%s isop/opil %lohol "%n ;%s %se$on elu%/ men@%"i h%sil %$%s S?+89

se"%n;%n %i/9 %se$on "%n isop/opil %lohol =e/%se >%i/ elu%/ se=%;%i h%sli =%3%h<

.%mpu/%n ;%s h%sil %$%s S?+8 "im%su%n e A=so/=e/ AB?+& un$u "ise/%p sis%

;%s isop/opil %lohol "%n %se$on "en;%n %i/ se=%;%i sol0enn#%< H%sil %$%s A=so=e/

%"%l%h ;%s H8 "en;%n emu/ni%n ,,9' 0olume< H%sil =%3%h A=so/=e/ #%n; =e/up%

l%/u$%n isop/opil %lohol "%n l%/u$%n %se$on "i>%mpu/ "en;%n h%sil =%3%h S?+8

emu"i%n "ipis%h%n p%"% Dis$ill%$ion To3e/ & MD?+&< P%"% MD?+&9 "iin;in%n

h%sil %$%s "is$il%$e =e/up% %se$on #%n; emu"i%n "i%m=il men@%"i p/o"u "en;%n

emu/ni%n ,,9-* m%ss% "%n "isimp%n p%"% A>e$one S$o/%;e T%n T?+!< Ase$on

"isimp%n "%l%m =en$u >%i/ p%"% suhu !+ . "%n $e%n%n & %$m "i "%l%m T?+!


4/17

Se"%n;%n h%sil =%3%h MD?+& emu"i%n "ipis%h%n l%;i p%"% Dis$ill%$ion To3e/ 8

MD?+8<

8< Re>o0e/# Isop/opil Alohol

H%sil =%3%h MD?+& m%sih men;%n"un; isop/opil %lohol9 sehin;;% =is% "i?/e>o0e/#

"%n "i?/e>#>le< .%mpu/%n ini emu"i%n "ipis%h%n em=%li p%"% MD?+8< H%sil %$%s

MD?+8 %"%l%h >%mpu/%n isop/opil %lohol "%n %i/ "en;%n se"ii$ sis% %se$on #%n;

emu"i%n "i?/e>#>le "en;%n "in%i%n "%hulu $e%n%nn#% men@%"i 898 %$m "en;%n

Re>#>le Pump P?+19 l%lu "i>%mpu/%n "en;%n ump%n se;%/ isop/opil %lohol

se=elum m%su HE?+&< H%sil =%3%h MD?+8 =e/up% >%mpu/%n %i/ "%n isop/opil

%lohol emu"i%n "i"in;in%n "en;%n J%s$e J%$e/ .oole/ HE?+1 hin;;% suhu !1

. l%lu "i%li/%n e uni$ pen;ol%h%n lim=%h%i/%n $% =e/3%/n%? Ti$i "i"ih : -8 o.

? Ti$i =eu : ?-, o.

? Flash point : &8 o.

? Auto i#nation temperature : !,, o.

? Flammable limits : LEL : 8


5/17

Re%si:

.H!.HOH.H! O8 C .!H*O H8O? Den;%n %s%m h%lo;en "ih%sil%n Isop/opil H%li"%<

Re%si:

.H!.HOH.H! HX C .H!.HX.H! H8O

? Be/e%si "en;%n lo;%m?lo;%m %$i sepe/$i so"ium "%npo$%sium mem=en$u

Me$%l Isop/oposi"% "%n hi"/o;en<

Re%si:

8.H!.HOH.H! 8M C 8.H!.HOM.H! H8Alumin% Isop/oposi"% "%p%$ "ih%sil%n "%/i re$luxIsop/opil Alohol ,,9

%luminium "en;%n %$%lis Me/u/iOsi"%<

? Den;%n As%m Ase$%$ "%n %$%lis As%m Sul%$ "%p%$mem=en$u Isop/opil Ase$%$<

Re%si:

.!H-O.H!.OOH C H8O.H!.H.OO..H!.H.H!

? Den;%n E$ilen Osi"% %$%u P/opilen Osi"% "en;%n %$%lis=%s% sepe/$i N%OH%%n mem=en$u E$e/ Alohol "%/iIsop/opil Alohol<

Re%si:

.!H-+ .H8.H8CCH 3CHOC 2 H 4OHCCH 3

2−isopropoksietanol

? Isop/opil Alohol "%p%$ men;%l%mi "ehi"/%si men;h%sil%nDiisop/opil E$e/

%$%upun P/opilen<

Re%si:

8.H!.HOH.H!C .H!8.HO.H.H!8 H8+

8.H!.HOH.H!C .H!.H.H8 H8+ Ki/ O$hme/9 &,-!

Sifat Produk

1. Produk Utaa (A!etone)

Ase$on "en;%n n%m% l%in 8?p/op%non9 "ime$il e$on mempun#%i si%$?si%$ se=%;%i

=e/iu$ :

%< Si%$ Fisis

? Rumus Moleul : .!H*O

? Be/%$ moleul9 ;(mol : 1-9+-

? Tin;%$%n h%2%/" : !

? L%=el : l%mm%=le liui"

? Ken%mp%%n : >%i/%n $% =e/3%/n%? Ti$i "i"ih : 1*98,o.

? Ti$i =eu : ?,'9*o.

? Flash point : .lose .up: ?8+ o. Open .up: ?, o.

? Auto i#nation temperature : !,, o.

? Flammable limits : Lo3e/: 8


6/17

? Den;%n p/oses pi/olis% %%n mem=en$u Ke$en%

Re%si:

.H!.O.H! CH.H.O.H'

? Ase$on "%p%$ "ion"ens%si "en;%n %se$ilen mem=en$u 8 me$il ! butynediol 9

su%$u in$e/me"i%$e un$u Isop/ene<

Re%si:

.H!.O.H! .8H8C .H!..H!8..H8

? Den;%n Hi"/o;en Si%ni"% "%l%m on"isi =%s% %%n men;h%sil%n Ase$on

Si%nohi"/in<

Re%si :

.H!.O.H! H.N C .H!.NOH.H!

I". Piping and Instruentation #iagra pada Proses Unit Reaktor

$a%ar &.1 Di%;/%m Ali/ P/oses


7/17

$a%ar &.'Pipin; %n" Ins$/umen$%$ion Di%;/%m p%"% P/oses Uni$ Re%$o/

". BPS (Basi! Pro!ess ontrol Sste)

BP.S Basic Process &ontrol !ystem p%"% Multitulbular Fixed Bed Reactor ini %"%l%h

se=%;%i =e/iu$:

&< Flo'&ontroller F.

8< Temperature &ontroller T.

!< Pressure &ontroller P.


8/17


9/17


10/17

pressure

controller se>%/%

=e/%l%

"II. Out!oe Interest

Ke=o>o/%n( )eakin# p%"% /e%$o/ #%n; "%p%$ men#e=%=%n le"%%n

"III. Initiating 0ent

Korosi pada output valve.I. 0na%ling 0ent

Shock loading (thermal shock and pressure shock ) yang terlalu

besarsehingga menyebabkan kegagalan output valve (fully closed) yang berakibat

meningkatkan tekanan reactor secara drastis.. Independent Protecting Layers (IPLs)

IPL& IPL8 IPL!

.onseuen>e o>>u/s

$a%ar 12.1In"epen"en$ P/o$e>$in; L%#e/s IPLs #%n; $e/p%s%n; p%"% uni$ multitulbular

$ixed bed reactor R?&

IPL & : High pressure alarm dan Relieve Valve

IPL 8 :High high pressure alarm dan Manual Emergency Valve

IPL ! : Shutdown valve


11/17

I. Skenario

Gambar 11.1 L!" Skenario


12/17

Safety function

identier

Failure ondemand

High High Pressure Alarm(HHPA) &Manual Emergency

Vale

High Pressure Alarm (HPA )

& !elief Vale Shutdo"n Vale

# $ %

nitiating eent'orosi ada utut Vale

A*

+,*+,* +.++*

+,-

+,*

+,+++*

+,+---

,

+,++++*

+,+-

+,++---

+,++++-

+,+--*

$ont. eration

A#

A#$

A#$%

Shutdo"n

$ont. eration

Shutdo"n

$ont. eration

!elease

. Shutdo"n

Success

Failure

+,*

+,+*

A#%

XII. Risk Criteria

Gambar 1#.1 !erhitungan Frequency of consequence (per year dari kebocoran pada Multitu!ular Fi"ed #ed Reactor


13/17

D%/i G%m=%/ &8e;%h%n

$e/@%"in#% onseuensi m%% "ipe/oleh nil%i $re*uency o$ conse*uence "en;%n

men;%li%n nil%i PFD "%/i m%sin;?m%sin; IPL #%i$u se=es%/ &&+?1<

Die$%hui :

• K%p%si$%s multitulbular $ixed bed reactor R?& : *+ m!

• Densi$%s =%h%n =%u Isop/opil Alohol : +9)-1' ;(>m!

• Si%$ Fisis =%h%n =%u Isop/opil Alohol :

? Tin;%$%n h%2%/" : !

? L%=el : l%mm%=le liui" %n" ;%s

? Ti$i "i"ih : -8 o.

• K%p%si$%s m%simum /e%$o/ :

*+ m! 0,7854 g

cm 3 1x106 cm3

1 m3 0,00220462 lb

1 g &+!-,+9,&8, l=

D%/i "%$% %$e;o/i =%h%n "i%$%s "%p%$ "isimpul%n =%h3% @i% /e%$o/ pe>%h

m%% %$e;o/i /esio pelep%s%n $e/m%su %$e;o/i 1<

,a%el 1'.' Risk &riteria


14/17

,a%el 1'.3 Tin;%$ Tole/%nsi B%h%#%

Be/"%s%/%n $%=le &8

$ole/%nsi =%h%#% #%n; $e/@%"i $e/;olon; Tolerable if ALARP (as low as reasonably

practicable)- evaluate alternatives9 #%i$u $in;%$ /esio #%n; "%p%$ "i$ole/%nsi

n%mun $e$%p h%/us "ie0%lu%si un$u %l$e/n%$i l%in #%n; le=ih %m%n< Oleh %/en% i$u

"il%u%n pen#usun%n sen%/io =%/u un$u men@%min p/oses "%p%$ =e/l%n;sun;

se>%/% %m%n "%n men>e;%h $e/@%"in#% /e%lis%si hazard =e/up% insi"en #%n; se/up%<

Sen%/io =%/u #%n; "%p%$ "il%u%n un$u menu/un%n $in;%$ /esio %"%l%h "en;%n

mempe/e>il /euensi $e/@%"in#% e@%"i%n top accident <

III. 4re5uen! of Risk

&< Ini$i%$in; E0en$: 'orosi ada outut ale.

+ Release

$ &%release $ &

P& $ails PFDIPL& PFDIPL8 PFDIPL8

$ &%release &


15/17

I". Rekoendasi

P%"% %sus ini9 me%nisme e;%;%l%n #%n; $e/@%"i %"%l%h me%nisme o/osi

#%n; $e/@%"i p%"% 0%l0e ou$pu$9 "im%n% o/osi #%n; $e/@%"i %"%l%h o/osi es$e/n%l<

Ko/osi es$e/n%l %"%l%h o/osi #%n; $e/@%"i p%"% =%;i%n lu%/ pip% %/en% =e/e%si

"en;%n lin;un;%n lu%/< Ko/osi es$e/n%l ini p%s$i $e/@%"i "%n $i"% "%p%$ "ihin"%/i9 #%n;

"%p%$ "il%u%n %"%l%h mempe/l%m=%$n#% menu@u su%$u e;%;%l%n< Te/@%"in#% le%

p%"% 0%l0e ou$pu$ ini "i%i=%$%n $e%n%n /e%$o/ #%n; menin;%$ %i=%$shock loading

yang terlalu besar.

Pe/m%s%l%h%n l%in pen#e=%= o/osi "%p%$ =e/%s%l "%/i lin;un;%n sei$%/ %$%u

e@%"i%n %l%m< P%"% %sus o/osi ini #%n; men@%"i %%/ %$%u %$o/ pe/m%s%l%h%n #%n;

$i"% "%p%$ "ion$/ol %n$%/% l%in eh%"i/%n ion lo/in "%n ele$/oli$ #%n; men#e=%=%n

pe/=e"%%n on"osi $%n%h se/$% soil stress "%n pen#e/%p%n %i/ #%n; men#e=%=%n

men;elup%sn#% coatin# p%"% 0%l0e< A%/?%%/ pe/m%s%l%h%n ini "%p%$ mempe/>ep%$

o/osi #%n; menu@u p%"% su%$u e@%"i%n e;%;%l%n< A%/ pen#e=%= #%n; "%p%$ "ion$/ol

$en$u h%/us "i%m=il $in"%%n o/esin#% un$u men>e;%h e;%;%l%n #%n; s%m% "en;%n

se=%= #%n; s%m%< Oleh %/en% i$u9 %"% =e=e/%p% /eomen"%si #%n; "%p%$ "i$e/%p%n9

%n$%/% l%in:

• Mel%u%n recoatin# p%"% 0%l0e #%n; $el%h men;%l%mi e/us%%n coatin# <

• Mel%u%n pe/%3%$%n "%n pen;e>e%n se>%/% =e/%l%<

• Menin;%$%n u%li$%s Relie 6%l0e #%n; "i;un%%n

Reomen"%si?/eomen"%si $e/se=u$ h%/us se;e/% "il%u%n =%i oleh pih%

on$/%$o/ %$%u maintenance department un$u men;hin"%/i e/u;i%n pe/us%h%%n #%n;

le=ih =es%/< Ap%=il% semu% /eomen"%si $e/se=u$ "il%u%n "en;%n =%i9 m%%

"ipe/i/%%n 0%l0e p%"% ou$pu$ /e%$o/ %%n "%p%$ "i;un%%n s%mp%i @%n;% 3%$u &+

$%hun e "ep%n<

Al$e/n%$i #%n; "ipilih un$u sen%/io =%/u %"%l%h "en;%n men;;%n$i u%li$%s

Relie0e 6%l0e #%n; $el%h "i;un%%n "%n $e/p%s%n; p%"% Hi;h P/essu/e Al%/m HPA9

"en;%n men;?up#rade u%li$%s R6 "%/i SIL & men@%"i SIL 8 "ih%/%p%n m%mpu

mempe/e>il nil%i /euen># o >onseuen>e?n#% sehin;;% s>en%/io #%n; "i=e/i%n

torelable, m%% "il%u%n pe/hi$un;%n em=%li $re*uency o$ conse*uence sepe/$i #%n;

"il%u%n p%"% G%m=%/ &8


16/17

Safety function

identier

Failure ondemand

High High Pressure Alarm(HHPA) &Manual Emergency

Vale

High Pressure Alarm (HPA )

& !elief Vale Shutdo"n Vale

# $ %

nitiating eent'orosi ada utut Vale

A*

+,+* +,* +.++*

+,--

+,*

+,+++*

+,+---

,

+,+++++*

+,++-

+,+++---

+,+++++-

+,++--*

$ont. eration

A#

A#$

A#$%

Shutdo"n

$ont. eration

Shutdo"n

$ont. eration

!elease

. Shutdo"n

Success

Failure

+,+*

+,++*

A#%

Gambar 1#.# !erhitunganFrequency of consequence (per year dari kebocoran pada Multitu!ular Fi"ed #ed Reactor

untuk $% S&L #


17/17

Be/"%s%/%n G%m=%/ &8menun@u%n =%h3% $in;%$ /esio #%n; $e/@%"i $e/;olon; tolerable sehin;;% $i"% %"%

$in"%%n #%n; pe/lu "il%u%n<

LOPA R0POR,

o Ini$i%$in;

E0en$

F/euen>#9pe/

#e%/

En%=lin;

E0en$

P/o=%=il$# FDP o

P/o$e>$i0e

IPL

FDP o

Mi$i;%$

IPL

& 8 !Ko/osi

p%"% ou$pu$

0%l0e

Sho>

lo%"in;

#%n; $e/l%lu

=es%/

Hi;h

P/essu/e

Al%/m &+?

8

Hi;h hi;h

P/essu/e

Al%/m &+?

8

Shu$"o3n

6%l0e &+?&

E0%u%

ope/%$o

%/#%3

"%n

m%s#%/

"i sei$

lo%si

p%=/i

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