t energi - bio fuel

[email protected] Teknik Kimia FTI – ITS

BIO FUEL Bahan Bakar Nabati

Sources : dikumpulkan dari berbagai sumber

Bio Massa Kayu, arang, daun-daunan, sekam,

ampas tebu

Bio Gas Limbah biologis

Bio Premium (E5, E10, E20) Ethanol + Premium

Bio Diesel (B5, B10, B20) Metyl Ester + Solar

BIO FUEL?

Internasional Penurunan ketersediaan energi fosil Peningkatan kebutuhan energi Persoalan Lingkungan (global warming, perubahan

iklim, hujan asam) Bio-based energy/products

Nasional Produksi BBM menurun hingga 1,06 juta barrel/hari

sedangkan Konsumsi meningkat 1,25 juta barrel/hari net-Importer sejak 2003

Harga crude oil di pasar dunia semakin mahal Pengembangan potensi lahan pertanian/perkebunan

MENGAPA PERLU BIO-FUEL?

“Peak of oil” ..… Kita telah melewati puncak minyak bumi

… one day we are going to run out of fossil oils

Pertumbuhan Permintaan Energi Dunia

5

Diolah dari sumber: WEO 2004 dan WEO 2008, IEA

3.7 milyar org 5.5 Gtoe

1971 2002 2033



1.49 toe/org 1.66 toe/org 2.1 toe/org

+17% +26%

Perkembangan Harga Crude oil 1960 - 2007

Ken

aika

n ha

rga

yg ta

jam

> 170 $/bl ↓ o

Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries

Regional Crude Oil Supply by Origin2005 and 2020

• Inter-regional oil trade increases by 13 mb/d between 2005 and 2020;

• Nearly 63 mb/d of oil exports in 2020

-30

-20

-10

0

10

20

30

20

05

20

20

20

05

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20

20

05

20

20

20

05

20

20

20

05

20

20

20

05

20

20

20

05

20

20

mb

/dNet Imports

Local

USACanada

LatinAmerica

Africa/E. Med. Europe FSU

MiddleEastGulf

Asia

7

Asia, Eropa dan Amerika adalah Net Importer Minyak

Sumber Energi di Indonesia

9

Kebijakan Energi Nasional : Kepres No.5, 2006 Pada 2025 kontribusi energi berbasis fossil dikurangi

sampai 20%, Sedangkan dari sumber energi baru dan terbarukan

ditingkatkan lebih dari 5%, seperti dari : biomassa, air, angin, matahari dan nuclear. Juga untuk biofuel akan memberi kontribusi 5%.

Inpres No 1, 2006, untuk penyediaan dan penggunaan Bio-fuel sebagai sumber energi

Tujuan Strategis Biofuels di tingkat Nasional Roadmap Pemanfaatan Biofuels Pentahapan Kebijakan Mandatori

Kebijakan Energi Nasional

10

Gas Alam

28.57%

Batubara, 15.34%

Minyak bumi51.66%

Panas Bumi 1.32%

Tenaga Air 3.11%

Gas, 30%

Batu bara , 33%

Minyak Bumi, 20%

BIOFUELS, 5%

Panas Bumi 5%

Biomassa, Nuklr, Tenaga Air

Energi surya, Energi Angin , 5%

Pencairan Batubara 2%

EB,17%

BAURAN ENERGI SAAT INI Bauran Energi

Mengoptimalkan Penggunaan Energi

Bauran Energi Nasional Tahun 2025(Business as Usual Scenario)

Bauran Energi Nasional Tahun 2025 (Peraturan Presiden No. 5/2006)

Kebijakan Energi Nasional(Peraturan Presiden No. 5/ 2006)

Gas, 20.6%

Batubara 34.6%

Minyak Bumi,

41.7%

Panas Bumi, 1.1%

Mini/mikro Hidro, 0.1%EBT Lainnya, 1.9%

Target Tahun 20251. Elastisitas energi kurang dari 1

2. Mengoptimalkan Bauran energi

Sumber: Peraturan Presiden No. 5, 2006

11

Tujuan Strategis Biofueldi tinkat Nasional

Sumber: Ditjen Migas (2009)

12

Roadmap Pemanfaatan Biofuel


13

PRODUKSI DI INDONESIA 2008–Biodiesel 1,238,300 KL–Bioethanol 144,500 KL

TARGET BAURAN ENERGI 2025* Biodiesel 20% (B20) atau 9.25 juta KL * Bioethanol 15% (E15%) atau 4.3 juta KL

14

Pentahapan Kebijakan Mandatori


Pemerintah sedang berjuang keras agar target mandatory pada 2009 ini bisa berjalan

Biofuel commercialization

15

Since 20 May 2006, Pertamina has launched Bxx commercialization under the branded name of BIOSOLAR

At 12 August 2006, Pertamina has started a market trial for gasohol in Malang (East Java);

Currently, all the gas station selling biosolar;

Biosolar is being sold at the same price with (PSO) diesel fuel (Rp. 4500/liter);

BIOFUELS

IN

TRANSPORTATION

Biofuels in transportation.Their use is not new!

Nikolaus Oto concieved the internal combustion engine (1867) to run on ethanol…

Rudolph Diesel designed the Diesel motor (1892) to run on peanut oil…

Henry Ford designed the Ford Model T, in the USA, (1903) to run on ethanol…

All that before cheap oil was available…

Biofuels, 1st Generation (1)

TypeType BiomassBiomass ProcessProcess ExamplesExamples, , remarksremarks

BioethanBioethanolol

Sugar cane, Sugar cane, palm, grains, palm, grains, jatropha, beet, jatropha, beet, maize…maize…

Hydrolysis, Hydrolysis, fermentatiofermentationn

Brazil (1975), Brazil (1975), China, AGRANA China, AGRANA (Austria), (Austria), Indonesia, USA…Indonesia, USA…

ButanolButanol ( 1916…)( 1916…)

Corn, Corn, grass, grass, leaves…leaves…

ABE ABE fermentatiofermentationn

Can be used in Can be used in gasoline gasoline enginesengines

Bio Bio ETBEETBE

Ethanol+CEthanol+C4 4 hydocarbohydocarbonsns

Catalysis Catalysis and and destilationdestilation

CDTech, CDTech, Lyondell Neste Lyondell Neste Oil, SabicOil, Sabic

BiogasBiogas Waste, Waste, organic organic materialsmaterials

Anaerobic Anaerobic digestiondigestion

Rich in Rich in methanemethane

Food-versus-fuel dilema…

Rapeseed Barley

Maize

Only part of the biomass is converted to

sugar and then to ethanol. But tropical maize grown in US (Midwest) concentrates sugar in

their stalks. “It may become the sugarcane of the Midwest” (University of Illinois, USA, October 2007)

Biofuels, 1st Generation (2)

TypeType BiomassBiomass ProcessProcess SuppliersSuppliers, remarks, remarks

Biodiesel Biodiesel from from residues residues FAMEFAME

Edible oil, Edible oil, animal fatsanimal fats

Transester-Transester-ificationification

Biodiesel: Biodiesel: fatty accids fatty accids FAMEFAME

Vegetable Vegetable oiloil

Via fatty Via fatty accidsaccids

Biodiesel Biodiesel RME/PMERME/PME

Rapeseed, Rapeseed, palm tree…palm tree…

Transester-Transester-ificationification

Biodiesel plant (Martifer, Aveiro,Portugal)

Biodiesel production in EU is dependent on fiscal incentives.

Also at Almada, Alhandra, Ramalhal, T. Novas

Home biodiesel

Various companies offer kits to produce biodiesel at home (at $.70 per gallon)

Cost: ~4.000 $US

Problems, challenges (1)

Food-versus-fuel debate! Certain food prices started to raise: preference for nonedible biomass in biofuels (ex: jatropha).

There is a lot of waste material (ex: maize); includes legnin wich is hard to break down: find efficient ways to convert lignocellulose.

LCA, life cycle assessment, required + EROI

Jatropha (curcas)

Jatropha’s grains are not edible (poisonous) and may regenerate dried and denuded soils (takes 2-4 years). Investments in India: D1-BP and Roshini Int. Bio En.

Sugar cane

Brazilien ethanol has a high EROI = 8:1. Principle Energy (UK based) and Petromoc (Mozambique)

are both investing in bio-ethanol in MOZAMBIQUE, totaling $680M. Yields will be 50% above brazilien average, according to tests.

Problems, challenges (2)

Warning: avoid invasive species! (“Nature Conservancy” + IUCN)

Try the use algea as feedstock

To decrease production costs, genetic engineering promises to give answers soon.

OECD Biofuels Report (July,2008)

Savings in grenhouse gases are poor (total EU«1%) Brazil sugar cane 80% EU wheat, beet, veg. oil 30-60% USA maize 30%

Subsidised prices should be avoided. Recommends more open markets for biofuels and feedstocks, in order to improve efficiency and lower costs. Avoid “commodity feedstocks”.

REFOCUS ON LOWERING ENERGY CONSUMPTION!

Focus on wood and waste

Agricultural waste

(cellulose, hemicelluloses)

Biofuels, 2nd Generation (1)

TypeType BiomassBiomass ProcessProcess Suppliers, Suppliers, remarksremarks

Cellulosic Cellulosic bioethanolbioethanol

LignocellulosLignocellulosic,agro-ic,agro-residuesresidues

Hydrolysis Hydrolysis + + fermentatiofermentationn

PrajPraj, BEI-, BEI-DACHS,DACHS,

BC Int.Co. BC Int.Co. La.,USLa.,US

Biodiesel Biodiesel with with hydrotreatinhydrotreatingg

Vegetable Vegetable oils animal oils animal fatfat

HydrotreatiHydrotreatingng

High credit in High credit in USA refineriesUSA refineries

Biogas SNGBiogas SNG

(Syngas)(Syngas)LignocellulosLignocellulosic,agro-ic,agro-residuesresidues

GasificationGasification+ FT + FT synthesissynthesis

Increased Increased methane methane contentcontent

BiohydrogeBiohydrogenn

LignocellulosLignocellulosic,agro-ic,agro-residuesresidues

Gasif+synthesGasif+synthesis/biologic is/biologic process.process.

BioalgeaBioalgea AlgeaAlgea PhotosynthesiPhotosynthesis: biofuel, s: biofuel, ethanol, ethanol, hydrogen…hydrogen…

Shell+HR,PetroSuShell+HR,PetroSun,n,

Green Star+BR, Green Star+BR, GreenFuel, etc.GreenFuel, etc.

Hawaii: Maui algea biodiesel

Shell + HR Biopetroleum joint venture

2.5 ha research plant to be followed by 1,000 ha commercial demonstration. Full-scale (20,000 ha) expected for year 2011.

USA: MIT cogeneration plant (1995)

20 MW

Biofuels, a global market now( but subsidies distort the market!)

Major traditional playersUSA, mostly ethanol from maizeBrasil, mostly ethanol from sugar caneEU, mostly biodiesel, various sources

Major newcomersChina using rapeseed, wheat, corn, jatropha*India using sugarcane, sorghun, jatropha, pongamia Argentina using soy bean, mostly

* Agreement between State Forestry and PetroChina

The concept of biorefinery

Reduce the “carbon footprint”– locally, if possible

BIO DIESEL

BIODIESEL SANGAT DIPERLUKAN DI MASA DEPAN

memenuhi kebutuhan energi mengurangi dampak lingkungan membuka lapangan pekerjaan

KENDALA PENGEMBANGAN BIODIESEL SAAT INI

Harga bahan baku masih mahal Biaya produksi masih relatif tinggi …

Bahan baku Biodiesel

Minyak Nabati Kelapa Sawit Kelapa Kedelai Jagung Kacang tanah Bunga matahari Jarak Pagar Nyamplung Bijih Kapuk Bijih Kepuh Dll

Minyak Bekas Lemak Hewan

Lemak sapi, dll Minyak ikan

►Sufficient supply of feedstock from food and non-food crops within international strategic partnerships

►Contributing to increased biodiversity

Aceh :Kritis : 326 rb HaTotal */ : 861 rb Ha

Sumut :Kritis : 242 rb HaTotal */ : 594 rb Ha

Jabar 1/ :Kritis : 363 rb HaTotal */ : 363 rb Ha

Jateng 2/ :Kritis : 396 rb HaTotal */ : 1.105 rb Ha

Jatim :Kritis : 953 rb HaTotal */ : 953 rb Ha

NTB :Kritis : 224 rb HaTotal */ : 224 rb Ha

NTT :Kritis : 1.058 rb HaTotal */ : 1.058 rb Ha

Riau :Kritis : 255 rb HaTotal */ : 4.562 rb Ha

Jambi :Kritis : 544 rb HaTotal */ : 544 rb Ha

Lampung :Kritis : 2.280 rb HaTotal */ : 2.280 rb Ha

Bengkulu :Kritis : 500 rb HaTotal */ : 1.045 rb Ha

Kalbar :Kritis : 1.811 rb HaTotal */ : 1.811 rb Ha

Sumsel :Kritis : 2.280 rb HaTotal */ : 2.280 rb Ha

Kalsel :Kritis : 222 rb HaTotal */ : 222 rb Ha

Sulut 3/ :Kritis : 319 rb HaTotal */ : 319 rb Ha

Sultera :Kritis : 188 rb HaTotal */ : 188 rb Ha

Sulteng :Kritis : 153 rb HaTotal */ : 153 rb Ha

Sulsel :Kritis : 452 rb HaTotal */ : 452 rb Ha

Kalteng :Kritis : 1.708 rb HaTotal */ : 1.708 rb Ha

Kaltim:Kritis : 825 rb HaTotal */ : 825 rb Ha

Maluku 4/ :Kritis : 515 rb HaTotal */ : 515 rb Ha

Papua 5/ :Kritis : 1.720 rb HaTotal */ : 1.720 rb Ha

Bali :Kritis : 24 rb HaTotal */ : 180 rb Ha

Sumbar :Kritis : 112 rb HaTotal */ : 112 rb Ha

Lahan Kritis di IndonesiaLahan Kritis di Indonesia

• Jumlah Lahan Kritis di Indonesia ± 15,3 Juta Ha• Potensi Lahan yang akan menjadi kritis ± 6,6 Juta Ha• Sehingga Total potensi Lahan Kritis ± 21,9 Juta Ha

Palm oil .....may become the leading feedstock source for biodiesel production world-wide

Elaeis guineensis

highest oil yields / ha

oil-palm plantations in mill ha

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2006 2007 2008

mil

l h

a Malaysia

Indonesia

Indonesia telah melampaui Malaysia dalam luas lahan palm oil pada 2006 !

Source: FAO, The Economist

IND: planned

MAL: actual

this strong expansion is biodiesel driven !

Perkembangan Produksi Minyak Sawit Dunia (ribu ton)

Negara 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015

Malaysia 4.133 6.092 7.596 8.051 9.901 11.052 11.595

Indonesia 1.243 2.413 4.480 7.465 9.891 12.293 14.438

Nigeria 307 580 780 1.016 1.297 1.623 1.005

Lainnya 1.215 1.858 2.256 2.730 3.154 3.603 4.067

Total 6.898 10.943 15.112 19.262 24.243 28.571 32.095

Sumber: World Oil, 1994 dan 1998

Kebutuhan Lahan dan Produksi Kelapa Sawit untuk Memenuhi Kebutuhan Bio-diesel 2017 – 2025.

Jatrpha Curcas,In India and Egypt, commercial plantations of Jatropha have been started in dry conditions and on marginal soils

non-food oilseed crops –

a new opportunity !

Biodiesel - Jarak Pagar Jatropha Curcas L.

Keunggulan Jarak Pagar? Tumbuh di lahan yang tidak produktif (gurun, tandus, dll), Sedikit hama Hidup sampai 30 – 35 tahun Seluruh biji dapat bermanfaat. Mulai Produksi pada usia 6 bulan Kadar Minyaknya tinggi 25 – 30 % dibanding minyak lainnya Menciptakan Lapangan kerja di kantong-kantong kemiskinan

khususnya pada Lahan Tandus dan Terpencil Menghijaukan Lahan Kritis dan lahan tandus Membangun Ekonomi Pedesaan Biaya panen relatif murah.

Pengembangan Tanaman Jarak

No Provinsi 2006

(ha)

2007

(ha)

2008

(ha)

2009

(ha)

2010

(ha)

1 NTT 5000 50000 51500 54000 56250

2 NTB 5000 50000 51500 54000 56250

3 Gorontalo 4000 34000 34500 36000 37500

4 SULUT 4000 34000 34500 36000 37500

5 SULSEL 4000 25000 24500 25200 26250

6 SULTRA 3000 25000 24500 25200 26250

7 SULTENG 3000 25000 24500 25200 26250

8 PAPUA 5000 50000 51500 54000 56250

9 JABAR 2000 14000 14500 14400 15000

10 BANTEN 1500 10000 10000 10800 11250

11 JATENG 1500 10000 10000 10800 11250

12 JATIM 2000 14000 14000 14400 15000

Pohon kelapa + Jarak pagar

The nut produces a nut- and a meat-oil, which can be used in blends with other oils for biodiesel production

Acrocomia totai

Additonally other non-food oilseed crops can be grown in rows beneath the oil palms

Nyamplung (Calophyllum Inophyllum L.)

Di Indonesia, nyamplung tersebar mulai dari Sumatera Barat, Riau, Jambi, Sumatera Selatan, Lampung, Jawa, Kalimantan Barat, Kalimantan Tengah, Sulawesi, Maluku, hingga Nusa Tenggara Timur dan Papua.

Sampai saat ini potensi alami nyamplung di Indonesia belum diketahui secara pasti, Hasil penafsiran tutupan lahan dari Citra Satelit Landsat7 ETM+ tahun 2003 menunjukkan bahwa tegakan alami nyamplung seluruh pantai di Indonesia mencapai luas total 480,000 ha, dan sebagian besar (± 60 %) berada dalam kawasan hutan.

Kelebihan nyamplung sebagai bahan baku biofuel adalah bijinya mempunyai rendemen yang tinggi, bisa mencapai 74%, dan dalam pemanfaatannya tidak berkompetisi dengan kepentingan pangan.

Keunggulan Nyamplung

Tanaman nyamplung tumbuh dan tersebar merata secara alami di Indonesia;

regenerasi mudah dan berbuah sepanjang tahun menunjukkan daya survival yang tinggi terhadap lingkungan;

tanaman relatif mudah budidayakan baik tanaman sejenis (monoculture) atau hutan campuran (mixed-forest);

cocok di daerah beriklim kering, permudaan alami banyak, dan berbuah sepanjang tahun;

hampir seluruh bagian tanaman nyamplung berdayaguna dan menghasilkan bermacam produk yang memiliki nilai ekonomi;

tegakan hutan Nyamplung berfungsi sebagai pemecah angin (wind breaker) untuk tanaman pertanian dan konservasi sempadan pantai;

pemanfaatan biofuel nyamplung dapat menekan laju penebangan pohon hutan sebagai kayu bakar;

Produktivitas Nyamplung

Produktivitas biji lebih tinggi dibandingkan jenis lain Jarak pagar 5 ton/ha; Sawit 6 ton/ha; Nyamplung 20 ton/ha.

Rendemen minyak nyamplung tergolong tinggi : Sawit 46-54 % Jarak pagar 40-60%, Nyamplung 40-73 %

Budidaya tanaman nyamplung tidak memerlukan investasi yang besar.

Ketersediaan lahan yang potensial untuk pengembangan tanaman nyamplung juga tersebar di seluruh Indonesia.

0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000

Oil Palm

Jatropha

Coconut

Rapeseed (Canola)

Sunflower Seed

Castor Beans

Peanut

Soybean

Corn

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160

Litres per hectare biodiesel Giga joules per hectare biodiesel

Biofuel Yields from Oilseed CropsS

ourc

e:

Inte

rnat

iona

l Mon

etar

y F

und

oil palm is most efficient

rapeseed in cool humid climate

Jatropha carries many hopes

PERBANDINGAN PRODUKTIVITAS

Jenis Tanaman Kg. minyak/Ha

Oil Palm 5,000Coconut 2,260Jatropha 1,590Rapeseed 1,000Peanut 890Sunflower 800Soybean 375Corn 145Calophyllum In L 4000

PENELITIAN & PENGEMBANGAN BIODIESELPENELITIAN & PENGEMBANGAN BIODIESEL

Optimasi Proses

Rancang Bangun Pabrik Biodiesel

Uji pemakaian, uji kinerja

Sosialisasi

Sumber bahan baku baru

Proses Pembuatan Biodiesel

Trans-esterification

Jatropha Oil Methanol

Biodiesel Glycerolll

Hasil

Personal Care(Sabun, shampoo, etc)

Biodiesel(Bio Fuel, etc)

Reaksi Pembuatan Biodiesel(Nama Generik dari Metil Ester atau Etil Ester)

R1 C OCH2

O

R2 C OCH

O

R3 C OCH2

O+ 3 CH3OH

HOCH2

HOCH

HOCH2

+

R1 C OCH3

O

R2 C OCH3

O

R3 C OCH3

O

Trigliserida Gliserol BiodieselMetanol

KOH/NaOH

katalis

100 kg + 10 kg 10 kg + 100 kg1 kg

• Search for New Catalyst• Reducing Cloud Point

• Additives; process

• Search for New Catalyst• Reducing Cloud Point

• Additives; process

• Raw Materials:Raw Materials:

Estimated production cost per ton of biodiesel vs. plant capacity

Makin besar pabrik, makin rendah biaya per liter

Source: Plant manufacturer offers, ABI analysis

Note

• Fully loaded production cost excluding feedstock oil cost. The feedstock oil price must be added to the production cost to determine the breakeven sales price for biodiesel per ton.

• As facility size increases, less fixed costs such as depreciation and interest are spread over each ton of product, so total production costs per ton approach the variable costs per ton.

• The kink from 10,000 to 40,000 tons capacity is due to the low number of plant offers ABI has seen at these sizes. If more offers were received, the curve would be smoother.

size matters !

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

10 40 70 100 150 200 250

Plant size in thousand tons per year

EUR

/ to

n

Green f ield

Industrial park

size matters !

PROPERTIES SNI Test Method

Cetane NumberMin 51 ASTM D 613

Density (40oC) mg/ml 0,85 – 0,89 ASTM D 1298

Viscocity (40oC)2,3 – 6,0 ASTM D 445

Cloud Point (oC) Max 18 ASTM D 2500

Flash Point oCMin 100 ASTM D 93

Acid number mg KOH/g Max 0,8 AOCS

Iodiene Value Max 115 AOCS

Free glycerol (%-m)Max 0,02 AOCS Ca 14-56

Total glycerineMaks 0,24 AOCS Ca 14-56

Ester content (%)Min 96.5

QUALITY STANDARD of BIODIESEL B100

(SNI 04-7182-2006)

Biofuel

Biodiesel Pilot Plant, kapasitas 8 ton/hari Perkiraan kebutuhan biodiesel 2010

• apabila 2% dari solar diganti biodiesel~800.000 kl

Perlu ~ 25 pabrik dg kapasitas 30.000 ton/hari

Contoh Pabrik Biodiesel

PERTAMINA recently introduced Biosolar into the market

61

Produsen Biodiesel

Tahun Produsen Kapasitas(Ton/th)

2006 PT. Eterindo (Jakarta + Surabaya)

PT. Platinum (Jakarta)

PT. Walmart (Dumai)

120.000

40.000

350.000

2007 PT. Eterindo (Jakarta + Surabaya)

PT. Bio Nusantara (Medan)

PT. Sumiasih (Jakarta)

PT. Darmex (Jakarta)

PT. Platinum

120.000

250.000

100.000

50.000

50.000

2008 Additional capacities +/- 25% 1.350.000



Ringkasan Kebutuhan akan energi alternatif secara nasional maupun

internasional sangat mendesak saat ini, baik karena menurunnya cadangan energi fosil maupun desakan masalah lingkungan

Biodiesel memiliki potensi yang cerah di masa depan sebagai bahan bakar alternatif, karena sangat dibutuhkan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan energi, mengurangi masalah lingkungan dan meningkatkan lapangan kerja

Pengembangan biodiesel dengan menggunakan berbagai variasi bahan baku perlu dilakukan, karena akan menurunkan harga bahan baku dan biaya produksi, sehingga Indonesia dapat menjadi pemain utama dalam arena biofuels di kawasan Asia Pasifik bahkan Dunia.

Indonesia memiliki lahan yang cukup luas untuk pengembangan bau mahan baku untuk pembuatan biodiesel, khususnya dengan memanfaatkan lahan kritis atau marginal

Bahan baku jarak pagar dan nyamplung nampak prospektif untuk terus dikembangkan di Indonesia, karena termasuk bukan tanaman pangan dan dapat menurunkan biaya produksi

Fasilitasi dan konsistensi Pemerintah menjadi prasyarat utama bagi tumbuhnya industri biodiesel di Indonesia di masa perintisan seperti sekarang.

Terima kasihTerima kasih

“Peak of oil” ..… Kita telah melewati puncak minyak bumi

… one day we are going to run out of fossil oils

Daya pendorong saat ini

1. Dukungan Politik untuk Biodiesel Dunia : Biodiesel dipandang sebagai energi alternatif

• Untuk mengurangi resiko ketersediaan energy seperti pernah dialami oleh minyak fossil,

• Untuk mendukung usaha-usaha dalam mengurangi perubahan iklim,

• Untuk menciptakan lapangan kerja.

Dapat digunakan untuk semua kendaraan diesel.

Ide Biodiesel telah tersebar secara cepat ke seluruh dunia.

Daya pendorong saat ini

2. Biaya produksi Biodiesel rasional : Biaya bahan baku dapat dikurangi, khususnya jika

menggunakan tanaman bukan pangan (non-food oilseed crops).

TersediaTeknologi proses yang effisien.

Biaya pemrosesan yang rendah, sebagai akibat dari unit produksi yang besar dan otomatis.

Kualitas Biodiesel yang tinggi dan sesuai standard dapat diproduksi dari berbagai varietas tanaman.

Kebijakan, Regulasi & IncentifKebijakan, Regulasi & Incentif

Government’s Supports

President Instruction No 1/2006:

Biofuel Acceleration Program

President Decree No 10/2006: Nat Biofuel Dev Team

President Regulation No 5/2006:

National Energy Policy (Biofuel > 5% Th 2025)

Fin Min Reg: Interest rate subsidy Small holder

Other supports:

APBN: Seeds, Small-scale Expellers, Infrastructures;

Biofuel Standards & Utilizations (Pertamina & PLN)

Gov Regulation No 8/2007: Biofuel Fund

Gov Regulation No 1/2007: Tax Incentives Biofuel

Ministry of Agriculture Decree 2007: Land Allocation

SOURCE: NATIONAL BIOFUEL DEVELOPMENT TEAM

Boiling Point Curve

60,00

100,00

140,00

180,00

220,00

260,00

300,00

340,00

380,00

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Distilled Volume [% (V/V)]

Tem

per

atu

re [

°C]

Diesel Rapeseed Oil-ME Coconut Oil-ME

Distillation characteristics

coconut oil comes closest to diesel fuel

in smooth combustion behaviour

Key guidelines for a successful investment

1. assure anytime highest biodiesel fuel quality

2. select most suitable and proven process technology,

3. security in supply of multi-feedstock in volume and cost,

4. choose reasonably large capacity of biodiesel plant,

5. select location with lowest logistic cost – in and out,

assure access to fuel markets – build customer loyalty,

6. with reasonable capacity – running min. 345 days/year,

7. lobby for supportive legislation,

8. use all readily available information world-wide.

►proven quality is to be or not to be

70

Possible incentives

Fiscal incentives, such as: Tax (PPh, PPN, PBB) and custom duty Soft loan (interest rate subsidy) Capital support

Non-fiscal incentives : Simplifying in license procedures Simple testing and certification procedures Mandatory use of biofuel blending in fuel

Note: incentives are provided by relevant institutions

t energi - bio fuel

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