Supply Chain Management (SCM)

Definisi SCM

• SCM adalah koordinasi aliran bahan baku / material, informasi dan keuangan antar entitas yang berpartisipasi dalam transaksi bisnis– Aliran material : aliran produk secara fisik dari

pemasok ke pelanggan, termasuk di dalamnya pengembalian produk (retur), layanan (services), pengolahan ulang (recycling) dan pembuangan (disposal)

– Aliran informasi : meliputi ramalan permintaan, transmisi pembelian dan laporan status pengiriman barang

– Aliran Keuangan : meliputi informasi kartu kredit, syarat kredit, jadwal pembayaran.

Elemen Supply Chain Planning

Advanced

Scheduling

Demmand

Planning

Transportation

Planning

Distribution

Planning

Order

Commitment

Enterprise Architecture

Customer

Order

Model Supply ChainManufacturerManufacturer

• Financial / marketing–driven forcast• Master Scheduling• Replenishment based on distribution

center inventory (preset safety stocklevel)

• Manual purchase order and invoicing

Retail Distribution CenterRetail Distribution Center• Order point based on warehouse

inventory (safety stock level) andhistorical forecast

• Deals, promotions and forward buying• Manual purchase orders, information

entry and output

Retail StoreRetail Store• Order point based on shelf inventory

(safety stock level) and forecasts• Promotions• Manual entry of items to be ordered

Customer Purchase Merchandise

ManufacturerManufacturer• Demand driven forcast based on POS data

and product movement• Short cycle manufacturing• Advanced shipping notice and EDI services• Bar code scanners and UPC ticketing

Retail Distribution CenterRetail Distribution Center

• Automatic replenishment• Shipping container marking• Cross–dock receiving• EDI services

Retail StoreRetail Store• POS data collection• Perpetual inventory checks• Automatic replenishment using EDI services

Customer Purchase Merchandise

Push–Based Supply Chain Pull–Based Supply Chain

Proses Supply Chain

Supply Chain ExecutionSupply Chain Execution

ProductFlows

ProductFlows

ProductFlows

ProductFlows

Supply Chain PlanningSupply Chain Planning

Supplier Manufacturing Distribution Retailer Consumer

Payment Flows

Information Flows

Store

1-800

Strategi Supply Chain

Customer

Current

Retailer Manufacturer SupplierEnterpriseEnterprise

FocusFocus(Nabisco)(Nabisco)

1-800StoreWeb

Customer

Near Term

Retailer Manufacturer SupplierPartnerPartnerFocusFocus(P&G)(P&G)

CollaborativeSystems

The WebCustomer

Emerging

Manufacturer SupplierDirectDirectFocusFocus(Dell)(Dell)

VirtualFulfillmentShared

Market Data

Arsitektur eSupply Chain

Advanced Scheduling

Transportation Planning

Distribution Planning

Order Commitment Demand Planning Manufacturing Plan

Integrated Supply Chain ApplicationsIntegrated Supply Chain Applications

ScheduleCommit DeliverMakeComplete

OrderLife Cycle

PartialFunctionalSolutions

CompleteIntegratedSolution

Cross – Functional Processes Breaking Down Enterprise Walls

Aplikasi Piranti Lunak SCM

Major Functional Areas Set of Key Activities in Each Functional Areas

Manufacturing Engineering and product configuration, production planning and cost management, production execution and quality management

Logistics Purchasing and order management, distribution, inventory and warehousing

Financials General ledger, payables and receivables, billing, budgets and asset management

Marketing Advertising, sales, order management, customer service and support and market research and strategy

HRMS Payroll management, time and labor management, benefits administration and pension administration