skripsi lengkuas

8/19/2019 skripsi lengkuas

1/17

BAB I

PENDAHULUAN

1. 1 LATAR BELAKANG

Pada tahun 2000, World Health Organitations (WHO) m !a"#$%an &ah'a

" n a% t n* %+ m $u"a%an " n &a& % mat an &a! ta dua t $t n d dun ad mana Porposional Mortality Rate (P-R) In* %+ a!u$an P $na"a+an A%ut

ada!ah 1/ dan d a$ 1 . a!ah +atu " n a% t n* %+ t $&an a% d Ind#n + a

+a!ah +atun a ada!ah d a$ , da$ 2. 12 "a+ n d a$ an d + &a&%an &a%t $ an

dat n % $umah +a% t da$ & & $a"a "$#3 n+ + " $t 4a%a$ta, Padan , - dan,

D n"a+a$, P#nt ana%, -a%a+a$ dan Batam an d ana! +a da$ 1//5 +.d. 2001

" n &a& t $&an a% ada!ahVibrio cholarae 01, d %ut d n anShigella sp ,

Salminella spp, V. Parahaemiliticus a, Salminella typhi, ampylobacter !e"uni, V.holeranon#01, Salmonella paratyph $, dan %scherichia coli.

P n a% t " n &a& utama % mat an t $& +a$ d Ind#n + a m nu$ut +u$3

% + hatan an d !a%u%an D "a$t m n K + hatan RI tahun 2002 ada!ah " n a% t

+ $%u!a+ (6antun 7" m&u!uh da$ah #ta%) a tu 222 " $ 100.000 " ndudu%,

+ !an6utn a " n a% t n* %+ 189 dan " $na"a+an 5 " $ 100.000 " ndudu%.

dan %an & $da+a$%an u$3 K + hatan Rumah Tan a ( KRT) tahun 2001

+ &a& utama % mat an " ndudu% Ind#n + a ada!ah " n a% t 6antun dan " m&u!uhda$ah (2:, ). P n a% t !a nn a d n an "$#"#$+ % mat an an t n ada!ah

" n a% t n* %+ (22,/ ), " $na"a+an (12.8 ), " n; $naan (8,0 ), n #"!a+ma

(:.0 ), % ; !a%aan (5,8 ). P n a% t n* %+ ma+ h m $u"a%an ma+a!ah % + hatan

&a ma+ a$a%at Ind#n + a, ha! n d + &a&%an ma+ h t n n a an %a % +a% tan

a% &at " n a% t n* %+ + $ta m n m&u!%an &an a% % mat an t $utama "ada &a

dan &a! ta.


2/17

D n an t n n a an %a% mat an an d + &a&%an #! h " n a% t n* %+

m n ha$u+%an % ta untu% m !a%u%an " n #&atan an ma%+ ma! dan m n;a$

a!t $nat 3 !a n, + " $t #&at h $&a!. Ind#n + a m $u"a%an N a$a an t $% na!

d n an % an %a$a aman t naman t $utama ha+ ! " $tan an dan $ m"ah


3/17

umumn a d + &a&%an #! h %andun an m ta! t + %und $n a, +a!ah +atu

d anta$an a ada!ah m n a% at+ $ . E* % *a$ma%#!# + ! n %ua+ d anta$an a

m n t$a!%an $a;un (ant t#%+ %), m nu$un%an "ana+ (ant " $ t %), m n h !an %an

$a+a +a% t (ana! + ;), #&at 6amu$, m m" $%uat !am&un , dan m n n %at%an na*+u

ma%an.

- nu$ut ha+ ! " n ! t an A$&a n (2009) L n %ua+ + !a n m n andun

m n a% at+ $ 6u a m n andun #!#n an + n a'a *!a3#n# d, * n#!, dan

t $" n# d. dan %an m n a% at+ $ da!am ! n %ua+ m n andun + n a'a

u n#!, + n;#!, dan m ta! + namat.

;a$a % m a, m n a% at+ $ t $+u+un da$ & $&a a ma;am %#m"#n n an

+ ;a$a a$ + & +a$ t $d $ da$ % !#m"#% t $" n# d dan * n ! "$#"ana. > n ! "$#"ana

m m ! % " $;a&an an $anta & $u"a u u+< u u+ * n#! dan t $ * n#!. n a'a

* n#! m m ! % * % %#$#+ *, da"at m nd natu$a+ "$#t n, m $u+a% d nd n dan

m m&$an + ! m %$#&a dan m n#na%t *%an n? m< n? m. n a'a n & $+ *at

Ba%t $ + d (t $ma+u% m %#Ba%t $ ), *un + d, dan m n#na%t *%an 3 $u+


4/17


5/17

2.1 BAKTERI2.1.2 DE>IINI I BAKTERI

Bakteri (da$ %ataLat n bacterium 6ama%=bacteria ) ada!ah

% !#m"#%#$ an +m an t da% m m ! % m m&$an nt + !. O$ an +m n

t $ma+u% % da!am d#ma n "$#%a$ #ta dan & $u%u$an +an at % ; !

(m %$#+%#" %), + $ta m m ! % " $an & +a$ da!am % h du"an

d &um . B & $a"a % !#m"#% &a%t $ d % na! + &a a a n

" n &a& n* %+ dan " n a% t, + dan %an % !#m"#% !a nn a da"at

m m& $ %an man*aat d & dan "an an , " n #&atan, dan ndu+t$. t$u%tu$

+ ! &a%t $ $ !at * + d $hana= tan"anu%! u+7 nt + !, % $an %a + !,

dan #$ an !


6/17

2.1.2 TRUKTUR EL

" $t "$#%a$ #t (#$ an +m an t da% m m ! %m m&$an nt)

"ada umumn a, + mua &a%t $ m m ! % +t$u%tu$ + ! an $ !at *

+ d $hana. hu&un an d n an % t adaan m m&$an nt , m t $ n t %

(DNA dan RNA ) &a%t $ m !a an

+ !. Ba%t $ da"at d %!a+ * %a+ %an da!am dua % !#m"#% & +a$ & $da+a$%an

+t$u%tu$ d nd n + !n a, a tu &a%t $ $am n at * dan &a%t $ $am

"#+ t *. Ba%t $ $am "#+ t * m m ! % d nd n + ! an t $+u+un da$!a" +an " "t d# ! %an (+ 6 n + m#! %u! "#! +a%a$ da) an t &a! dan a+am

t %#at, + dan %an &a%t $ $am n at * m m ! % !a" +an " "t d# ! %an

an ! & h t " + dan m m"un a +t$u%tu$! "#"#! +a%a$ da an

t &a!. - t#d an d una%an untu% m m& da%an % dua 6 n + % !#m"#%

&a%t $ n d % m&an %an #! h !mu'an D nma$%,Han+ h$ +t an

G$am "ada tahun 1 9.

Ban a% &a%t $ m m ! % +t$u%tu$ d !ua$ + ! !a nn a

+ " $t *!a ! dan * m&$ a an d una%an untu% & $ $a%, m ! %at

dan %#n6u a+. B & $a"a &a%t $ 6u a m m ! % %a"+u! an & " $an da!am

m ! ndun + ! &a%t $ da$ % % $ n an dan*a #+ t#+ +. t$u%tu$ %a"+u!

n !ah an + $ n %a! m n6ad *a%t#$ 3 $u! n+ " n &a& " n a% t, + " $t

an d t mu%an "ada %scherichia coli dan Streptococcus

pneumoniae . Ba%t $ 6u a m m ! %%$#m#+#m, $ +#m, dan & & $a"a

+" + + !a nn a m m ! % $anu!a ma%anan, 3a%u#!a a+,

dan ma n t#+#m. B & $a"a &a%t $ mam"u m m& ntu% d $

m n6ad nd#+"#$a an m m&uat m $ %a mam"u & $tahan h du" "ada

! n %un an %+t$ m.lostridium botulinum m $u"a%an +a!ah +atu ;#nt#h

&a%t $ " n ha+ ! nd#+"#$a an +an at tahan +uhu dan t %anan t n ,

d mana &a%t $ n 6u a t $ma+u% #!#n an &a%t $ " n &a& % $a;unan

"ada ma%anan %a! n .

https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Membran_inti&action=edit&redlink=1https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNAhttps://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNAhttps://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nukleoid&action=edit&redlink=1https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nukleoid&action=edit&redlink=1https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinding_selhttps://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinding_selhttps://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinding_selhttps://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinding_selhttps://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peptidoglikanhttps://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polisakaridahttps://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polisakaridahttps://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Asam_teikoat&action=edit&redlink=1https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Asam_teikoat&action=edit&redlink=1https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipopolisakaridahttps://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Christian_Gramhttps://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Christian_Gramhttps://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Christian_Gramhttps://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flagelhttps://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flagelhttps://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fimbria&action=edit&redlink=1https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fimbria&action=edit&redlink=1https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konjugasihttps://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fagositosishttps://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escherichia_colihttps://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Streptococcus_pneumoniae&action=edit&redlink=1https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Streptococcus_pneumoniae&action=edit&redlink=1https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kromosomhttps://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kromosomhttps://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ribosomhttps://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Granula&action=edit&redlink=1https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Granula&action=edit&redlink=1https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vakuolahttps://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vakuolahttps://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetosomhttps://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endosporahttps://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endosporahttps://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clostridium_botulinumhttps://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Membran_inti&action=edit&redlink=1https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNAhttps://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNAhttps://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nukleoid&action=edit&redlink=1https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinding_selhttps://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinding_selhttps://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peptidoglikanhttps://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polisakaridahttps://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Asam_teikoat&action=edit&redlink=1https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Asam_teikoat&action=edit&redlink=1https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipopolisakaridahttps://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Christian_Gramhttps://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Christian_Gramhttps://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flagelhttps://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fimbria&action=edit&redlink=1https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konjugasihttps://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fagositosishttps://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escherichia_colihttps://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Streptococcus_pneumoniae&action=edit&redlink=1https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Streptococcus_pneumoniae&action=edit&redlink=1https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kromosomhttps://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ribosomhttps://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Granula&action=edit&redlink=1https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vakuolahttps://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetosomhttps://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endosporahttps://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clostridium_botulinum


7/17

2.1. -OR>OLOGI BAKTERI

B $da+a$%an & ntu%n a, &a%t $ d &a m n6ad t a #!#n an & +a$,a tu=

A. K#%u+ ( occus ) ada!ah &a%t $ an & $& ntu% &u!at + " $t !a dan

m m"un a & & $a"a 3a$ a+ + &a a & $ %ut=a. Mi/rococcus , 6 %a % ; ! dan tun a!

&. iplococcus , 6%a & $ anda dua


8/17

a. $tri/ , t da% m m"un a *!a !. &. Monotri/ , m m"un a +atu *!a ! "ada +a!ah +atu u6un n a.;. 'o-otri/ , m m"un a + 6um!ah *!a ! "ada +a!ah +atu u6un n a.d. $m-itri/ , m m" un a +atu *!a ! "ada % dua u6un n a.

. Peritri/ , m m"un a *!a ! "ada + !u$uh " $mu%aan tu&uhn a.

Gam&a$ a!at $a% &a%t $ = A


9/17

&an a% da$ 6um!ah t#ta! + ! tu&uh manu+ a. O! h %a$ na tu, %#!#n +a+

&a%t $ +an at!ah m m" n a$uh %#nd + tu&uh manu+ a.

hermus a2uati2us , &a%t $ t $m#* ! % an &an a% d a"! %a+ %anda!am & #t %n#!#.

T $da"at & $a am 6 n + &a%t $ an mam"u m n ha& ta+ da $ah

+a!u$an " n; $naan manu+ a, t $utama "ada u+u+ & +a$ , d anta$an a

ada!ah &a%t $ a+am !a%tat dan % !#m"#% nt $#&a;t $ . #nt#h &a%t $ an

& a+a d t mu%an ada!ah 'actobacillus acidophilus . D +am" n tu, t $da"at

"u!a % !#m"#% &a%t $ !a n, a tu "$#& #t % , an & $+ *at m n untun %an

%a$ na da"at m nun6an % + hatan dan &ah%an mam"u m n; aht $& ntu%n a %an% $ u+u+ & +a$. !a n d da!am +a!u$an " n; $naan, &a%t $

6u a da"at d t mu%an d " $mu%aan%u! t, mata , mu!ut , dan %a% manu+ a. D

da!am mu!ut dan %a% manu+ a t $da"at % !#m"#% &a%t $ an d % na!

d n an nama m t !#t$#* , a tu % !#m"#% &a%t $ an mam"u m n una%an

+ n a'a %a$n tun a! untu% m n #%#n " $tum&uhann a. D da!am

$#n a mu!ut, &a%t $ n m n una%an + n a'a d m t ! +u!* da an

& $" $an da!am m n &a&%an &au "ada mu!ut manu+ a.

B & $a"a % !#m"#% m %$##$ an +m n mam"u h du" d ! n %un an

an t da% m mun % n%an #$ an +m !a n untu% h du". K#nd + ! n %un an

an %+t$ m n m nuntut adan a t#! $an+ , m %an +m m ta! +m , dan

da a tahan + ! an un %. &a a ;#nt#h, hermus a2uati2us m $u"a%an

+a!ah +atu 6 n + &a%t $ an h du" "ada +um& $ a $ "ana+ d n an % +a$an

+uhu :0< 0 # . T da% han a d ! n %un an & $+uhu t n , &a%t $ 6u a da"at

d t mu%an "ada ! n %un an d n an +uhu an +an at d n n. Pseudomonas

https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioteknologihttps://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioteknologihttps://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usus_besarhttps://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakteri_asam_laktathttps://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Enterobacter&action=edit&redlink=1https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Enterobacter&action=edit&redlink=1https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lactobacillus_acidophilushttps://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lactobacillus_acidophilushttps://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Probiotikhttps://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kesehatanhttps://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kesehatanhttps://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kankerhttps://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kankerhttps://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kulithttps://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matahttps://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matahttps://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muluthttps://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muluthttps://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kakihttps://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kakihttps://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kakihttps://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metilotrofhttps://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbonhttps://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dimetil_sulfida&action=edit&redlink=1https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dimetil_sulfida&action=edit&redlink=1https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thermus_aquatiqus&action=edit&redlink=1https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thermus_aquatiqus&action=edit&redlink=1https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pseudomonas_extremaustralis&action=edit&redlink=1https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pseudomonas_extremaustralis&action=edit&redlink=1https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioteknologihttps://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usus_besarhttps://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakteri_asam_laktathttps://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Enterobacter&action=edit&redlink=1https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lactobacillus_acidophilushttps://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Probiotikhttps://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kesehatanhttps://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kankerhttps://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kulithttps://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matahttps://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muluthttps://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kakihttps://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metilotrofhttps://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbonhttps://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dimetil_sulfida&action=edit&redlink=1https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thermus_aquatiqus&action=edit&redlink=1https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pseudomonas_extremaustralis&action=edit&redlink=1


10/17

e3tremaustralis d t mu%an "ada Anta$t %a d n an +uhu d &a'ah 0 # . D

+am" n " n a$uh %+t$ m t m" $atu$, &a%t $ 6u a da"at h du" "ada

& $&a a ! n %un an !a n an ham" $ t da% m mun % n%an adan a

% h du"an (! n %un an +t $ !). Halobacterium salinarum dan Halococcus

sp. ada!ah ;#nt#h da$ &a%t $ an da"at h du" "ada %#nd + a$am ( Na ! )

an +an at t n (15< 0 ). T da"at "u!a & & $a"a 6 n + &a%t $ an

mam"u h du" "ada %ada$ u!a t n (% !#m"#%#+m#* !), %ada$a $ $ ndah

(% !#m"#% $#* !), d $a6at % a+aman "H +an at t n , dan $ ndah.

B & $a"a %#mun ta+ &a%t $ da"at & $tahan h du" d da!am a'and n an % t n an h n a 10 % !#m t $. &uah t m " n ! t m n una%an

" +a'at tua D < an d m#d * %a+ + &a a !a$at#$ um t $&an & $ha+ !

m n am& ! +am" ! + 6um!ah &a%t $ d a'an da!am %#nd + &ada . Ba%t $

an h du" da!am nu%! a+ + t $&a'a &ada dan & $tahan da!am #n +a+

a'an.

2.1.: BAKTERI GRA- PO ITI> DAN NEGATI>

Ba%t $ da"at d #!#n %an m n6ad dua % !#m"#% a tu G$am "#+ t *

(@) dan G$am n at 3 (


11/17

A; t#&a;t $ ( $am


12/17

Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus ) m $u"a%an &a%t $ $am "#+ t *, t da%

& $ $a%, t da% & $+"#$a dan mam"u m m& ntu% %a"+u!. B $& ntu% %#%u+ dan

t $+u+un + " $t &uah an u$.Staphylococcus & $& da


13/17

!a n m m"$#du%+ %#a u!a+ ,S. aureus 6u a da"at m m"$#du%+

& $&a a t#+ n, d anta$an a=

a. E%+#t#%+ n< an +an at & $a;un

&. E%+#t#%+ n


14/17

%scherichia coli atau & a+ d + n %at %. coli ada!ah +atu 6 n + +" + + utama &a%t $

$amm n at 3 . Pada umumn a &a%t $ an d t mu%an #! h Th #d#$ E+;h $ ;h "ada

tahun 1 5 n h du" "ada t n6a, dan da"at m n &a&%an ma+a!ah % + hatan "ada

manu+ a, + " $t u$ n , munta& $ dan ma+a!ah " n; $naan !a nn a.

%scherichia coli m $u"a%an &a%t $ &atan $am n at 3 , t da% & $%a"+u!, umumn a

m m"un a * &$ a dan & $+ *at m#t !. ! %. coli m m"un a u%u$an "an6an 2.0 :.0 mm

dan ! &A$ 1.1 1.5 mm, t $+u+un tun a!, & $"a+an an. Ba%t $ n da"at m n una%an

a+ tat + &a a +um& $ %a$n. Ba%t $ n tum&uh "ada +uhu anta$a 10 900 , d n an

+uhu #"t mum 8 0 . "H #"t mum untu% " $tum&uhan ada!ah "ada 8.0 8.5, "H

m n mum "ada "H /.0. &a%t $ n $ !at 3 +an at + n+ t 3 t $hada" "ana+ dan da"at

d na%t *%an "ada +uhu "a+t u$ +a+ ma%anan (50 1000 ) atau + !ama " ma+a%an

ma%anan.

D#ma n= Ba;t $ a> !um= P$#t #&a;t $ a

K !a+= Gamma"$#t #&a;t $ a

O$d#= Ent $#&a;t $ a! +

>am ! = Ent $#&a;t $ a; a

G nu+= %scherichia

" + += E. coli

https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakterihttps://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proteobacteriahttps://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gammaproteobacteria&action=edit&redlink=1https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Enterobacteriaceae&action=edit&redlink=1https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Enterobacteriaceae&action=edit&redlink=1https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Escherichia&action=edit&redlink=1https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakterihttps://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proteobacteriahttps://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gammaproteobacteria&action=edit&redlink=1https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Enterobacteriaceae&action=edit&redlink=1https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Enterobacteriaceae&action=edit&redlink=1https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Escherichia&action=edit&redlink=1


15/17

%scherichia coli t $ma+u% % da!am #!#n an &a%t $ $am n at 3 , + *at da$ &a%t $ n

an m m& da%an d n an &a%t $ !a nn a ada!ah +u+unan d nd n + !!n a. D nd n + !

&a%t $ $am "#+ t * & $!a" + tun a! d n an %andun an ! " d 1 < 9 , + dan "ada &a%t $

$an n at 3 d nd n + !n a & $!a" + t a an t $d $ da$ ! "#"$#t n, m m&$an !ua$

*#+*#! " d dan ! "#"#! +a%$ da, dan %andun an ! " d "ada d nd n + ! & $% +a$ anta$a 11

22 . - m&$an !ua$ *#+*#! " d t $+ &ut m n &a&%an %#m"#n n % m a an & $+ *at

ant &a%t $ +u! t untu% d nd n + ! &a%t $ $am n at 3 .

Ba%t $ n "ada % adaan t $t ntu da"at m n a!ah%an m %an +m " $tahanan tu&uh

+ h n a da"at t n a! d da!amblader +cystitis , " !3 + n6a! dan hat , anata$ !a n da"at

m n &a&%an d a$ , + "t ; m a (+ "+ +), dan n* %+ !a nn a.

2.9 ANTI BAKTERI

Da!am d * n + an !ua+, ant &a%t $ ada!ah +uatu ?at an m n; ah t $6ad n a

" $tum&uhan dan $ "$#du%+ &a%t $ . - +% "un &a % ant & #t ; mau"un ant &a%t $ +ama<

+ama m n $an &a%t $ , % dua +t !ah n t !ah m n a!am " $ + $an ma%na + !ama

& $tahun


16/17

d. uhu= +uhu an #"t ma! da"at m na %%an * %t 3 ta+ ?at

ant m %$#&a.. Bahan #$ an %= &ahan #$ an ; a+ n da"at m nu$un%an * %t 3 ta+ ?a$

ant m %$#&a d n an ?a$a m n na%t *%an &ahan t $+ &ut atau

m ! ndunn m %$#&a.

Ha+ ! " n ! t an m nun6u%%an &ah'a + &a an & +a$ %#m"#n n d da!am

$ m"ah


17/17

2.8 KERANGKA KON EP

skripsi lengkuas

Documents